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The film depicted the final episode of parables, when the prodigal son returns home, "and when he was still far away, he saw his father and clenched him; And, running, fell on her neck and kissed him, "and his senior righteous brother, who remained with his father, was sore and did not want to enter.

The plot attracted the attention of the famous precursors Rembrandt: Durera, Bosch, Luju Leiden, Rubens.

Description

This is the largest cloth Rembrandt on a religious topic.

A few people gathered in front of the house in front of the house. In the left side of the picture depicted back to the viewer of the crankshakels of the prodigal son. His faces are not visible, the head is written in pROFIL PERDU.. Father gently touches the shoulders of his son, biting him. Picture - classic example Compositions where the main thing is strongly shifted from the central axis of the picture for the most accurate disclosure of the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work. "The main thing in the painting Rembrandt allocates light, focusing on it our attention. The composition center is located almost at the edge of the picture. The artist balances the composition of the figure of a senior son standing on the right. The placement of the main semantic center for one third distance of height corresponds to the law of the golden section, which artists used from ancient times to achieve the greatest expressiveness of their creations. "

Shaved, as if the convict's head prodigal Son. And his streamlined clothing testify to fall. The collar stores a hint on the former luxury. Shoes are worn, with a touching item - one fell, when the son was kneeling. In the depths, the porch is guessed and behind him the father's house. The master put the main figures at the junction of the picturesque and real spaces (later the canvas was adopted at the bottom, but according to the author of the author, his lower edge was held at the level of the toes of the kneeling son's fingers). "The depth of space is transmitted by a consistent weakening of black and color contrasts, ranging from the first plan. In fact, it is built by the figures of the witnesses of the scene of forgiveness dissolving gradually in the twilight. " "We have a decentralized composition with the main group (Event node) on the left and cesury, separating it from a group of witnesses events on the right. The event makes differently reacting the scene participants. The plot is built on the "response" composite scheme.

Minor characters

In addition to the Father and Son, 4 characters are depicted in the picture. These are dark silhouettes that are hardly distinguishable on a dark background, but who are them - remains a mystery. Some called them "brothers and sisters" of the main character. It is characteristic that Rembrandt avoids the conflict: in parable, the jury of the obedient son speaks, and the harmony of the picture is not broken.

Hermitage officer Irina Linnik believes that Rembrandt's canvas has a prototype in the engraving on the tree of Cornelis Antonissen (1541), on which the crankshake son with his father is also depicted surrounded by figures. But on the engraving these figures are inscribed - faith, hope, love, repentance and truth. In heaven on the engraving in Greek, Hebrew and Latin written "God." The Hermitage Frame X-ray showed the initial similarity of the Rembrandt's pattern with the details of said engraving. Nevertheless, it is impossible to conduct a direct analogy - there is only a distant similarity with one of the Allegories of Antonissen (the most distant and almost disappearing in the dark), which reminds the allegory of love, and, in addition, has a red heart-shaped medallion. Perhaps this is an image of a mothers of a prodigal son.

Two figures in the background, located in the center (apparently, female, perhaps - a maid or another personified allegory; and men's), it is more difficult to be a guess. Sitting young man with a mustache, if follow the plot of parables, may be the second, obedient brother. There is a suggestion that in fact the second brother is the previous "female" figure, hugging a column. Moreover, it may be not just a column - in shape it reminds the pillar of the Jerusalem Temple and can completely sympathize with the pillar of the law, and the fact that a righteous brother is hiding behind it, it becomes a symbolic sound.

The attention of researchers is attracted by the figure of the last witness, located on the right side of the picture. She plays important role In the composition and written almost as bright as the main actors. His face expresses sympathy, and the road raincoat on him and the staff in the hands suggest that this is, as well as the prodigal son, a lonely wanderer. The Israeli Researcher Galina Lyuban believes that this image is associated with the figure of Eternal Jew. According to other assumptions - it is he who is the eldest son that does not coincide with age characteristic New Testament Character, although he is also a bearded and dressed as a father. However, this rich clothing is also a refutation of the version, because according to the Gospel, hearing about the return of his brother, he came running straight from the field, where, most likely, it was in working clothes. Some researchers see the self portrait of Rembrandt himself in this figure.

There is also a version that two figures in the right side of the picture: a young man in beret and standing man - These are the same father and son, which are depicted on the other half, but only before the care of the prodigal son from home towards traveling. Thus, the canvas, as it were, combines two chronological plans. The opinion was expressed that these two figures - the image of Mytar and Pharisee from the Gospel Proverbs.

In the profile in the form of a bas-relief on the right side of the standing witness, a musician who plays a flute is depicted. His figure may be reminded of music, which in a few moments will fill the sound of the joy of the house of the Father.

History

Circumstances of creating

This is not the only work of the artist for this plot. In 1635, he writes a picture of the "prodigal son in the tavern (self-portrait with sasquia on his knees)", reflecting the episode of the legend of the prodigal son, a wasting father's legacy. In 1636, Rembrandt created etching, and in 1642 - drawing (Taylor Museum in Kharlem).

The circumstances of the writing of the canvas are mysterious. As it is believed, it is written in the last years of the artist's life. Changes and corrections initial design The pictures noticeable on the radiograph indicate the authenticity of the canvas.

Dating 1666-1669, some are considered controversial. Historians of Art G. Gerson and I. Linnik offered to date the picture 1661 or 1663.

• 

On the plot of the New Testament parable about the prodigal son exposed in the Hermitage.

The film depicted the final episode of parables, when the prodigal son returns home, "and when he was still far away, he saw his father and clenched him; And, running, fell on her neck and kissed him, "and his senior righteous brother, who remained with his father, was sore and did not want to enter.

The plot attracted the attention of the famous precursors Rembrandt: Durera, Bosch, Luju Leiden, Rubens.

This is the largest cloth Rembrandt on a religious topic.

A few people gathered in front of the house in front of the house. In the left side of the picture depicted back to the viewer of the crankshakels of the prodigal son. His faces are not visible, the head is written in Profil Perdu. Father gently touches the shoulders of his son, biting him. The picture is a classic example of the composition, where the main thing is strongly shifted from the central axis of the picture for the most accurate disclosure of the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work. "The main thing in the painting Rembrandt allocates light, focusing on it our attention. The composition center is located almost at the edge of the picture. The artist balances the composition of the figure of a senior son standing on the right. The placement of the main semantic center for one third distance of height corresponds to the law of the golden section, which artists used from ancient times to achieve the greatest expressiveness of their creations. "

Shaved, as if the convict, the head of the prodigal son and his sweeping clothing testify to fall. The collar stores a hint on the former luxury. Shoes are worn, with a touching item - one fell, when the son was kneeling. In the depths, the porch is guessed and behind him the father's house. The master put the main figures at the junction of the picturesque and real spaces (later the canvas was adopted at the bottom, but according to the author of the author, his lower edge was held at the level of the toes of the kneeling son's fingers). "The depth of space is transmitted by a consistent weakening of black and color contrasts, ranging from the first plan. In fact, it is built by the figures of the witnesses of the scene of forgiveness dissolving gradually in the twilight. " "We have a decentralized composition with the main group (Event Node) on the left and cesury, separating it from a group of witnesses of the event on the right. The event makes differently reacting the scene participants. The plot is built on the "response" composite scheme.

In addition to the Father and Son, 4 characters are depicted in the picture. These are dark silhouettes that are hardly distinguishable on a dark background, but who are them - remains a mystery. Some called them "brothers and sisters" of the main character. It is characteristic that Rembrandt avoids the conflict: in parable, the jury of the obedient son speaks, and the harmony of the picture is not broken.

Hermitage officer Irina Linnik believes that Rembrandt's canvas has a prototype in the engraving on the tree of Cornelis Antonissen (1541), on which the crankshake son with his father is also depicted surrounded by figures. But on the engraving these figures are inscribed - faith, hope, love, repentance and truth. In heaven on the engraving in Greek, Hebrew and Latin written "God." The Hermitage Frame X-ray showed the initial similarity of the Rembrandt's pattern with the details of said engraving. Nevertheless, it is impossible to conduct a direct analogy - there is only a distant similarity with one of the Allegories of Antonissen (the most distant and almost disappearing in the dark), which reminds the allegory of love, and, in addition, has a red heart-shaped medallion. Perhaps this is an image of a mothers of a prodigal son.

Two figures in the background, located in the center (apparently, female, perhaps - a maid or another personified allegory; and men's), it is more difficult to be a guess. Sitting young man with a mustache, if follow the plot of parables, may be the second, obedient brother. There is a suggestion that in fact the second brother is the previous "female" figure, hugging a column. Moreover, it may be not just a column - in shape it reminds the pillar of the Jerusalem Temple and can completely sympathize with the pillar of the law, and the fact that a righteous brother is hiding behind it, it becomes a symbolic sound.


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Rembrandt - Return of the Produal Son

Each of us knows the famous parable about the return of the prodigal son under the roof of his home and generous forgiveness by the father of his son.

Rembrandt portrayed a biblical plot on canvas, experiencing in his life spiritual rebirth And the search for your "I", the artist turned to the divine start, it was in this story that he found Divine Education and renounced doubts and fears.



The center of the composition make up two figures - this is the father and son. The sick and unfortunate, in ripped clothes, Barefoot, the son is returned from darkness, defects and sins, stretching his hands to a bright face, repentance in all his bad things that he committed. Running to his knees, tearing in the clothes of the Father, he seems to seek support and support, pray for the forgiveness of his stupidity, unreasonableness and disrespect.

His faces are not visible, but it seems as if hot tears of bitterness and sadness rolls on his cheeks. A happy father with incense meets a prodigal son, who was no longer hoping to see. Swim his strong parental arms, his face leveled and full of tranquility and peace. He all forgives her child and takes, despite all the things that he committed.

Dramatic and tragic this scene. The servants and brother, who returned the tramps, lowered their heads, in the gloomy silence.

This picture is full of hopes and anxiety, repentance and care, spiritual purity and adoption. The artist as if it gives us to understand that the light and forgiveness would be able to find anyone who sincerely believes in the heart and soul, repent and loves.

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IN State Museum Hermitage is stored famous paintings Great Dutch artist Rembrandt Harmens Wang Raina. Among them are the famous "return of the prodigal son", it is she will be today our teller.

"Oh, the prodigal son returned!" - Probably you heard this phrase. So they talk about a person who broke away from his family, the home home, the team and returned back. Adults are known that the roots of these words, which have become a phraseology, come from the biblical parable about the prodigal son. Let's introduce our children with her. Let them learn about the content and sense of the story, which Jesus Christ once told the Scripture to People.

Prodigal son

There was one rich old old man. He had two sons. Senior in everything heard his father, helped him in affairs. The younger was dissatisfied quiet family life. He was overcome boredom. He did not want to move and multiply family wealth. He wanted to walk, having fun in the society of the same merchant, who love only to eat tasty, but dance. The day of day in it was copied with irritation, the words and requests of the father caused a protest in it and even anger. And so he decided to leave the house, but before leaving, he demanded from his father to allocate him a part of the family estate. Father agreed.

The idle life in which the youngest son went shortwalking. He did not notice how all the money ended. Friends who added to fun with him, immediately turned away from him. Yes, in addition, the country has come hard times. Because of the fault, hunger came, no one took workers. The young man without money and housing began to wander from the house to the house, trying to earn at least something for food. He was ready to perform the very humiliating work - the mouth of pigs, but he had miserable crumbs, the owner fed animals is better than an employee. Embusing, in a torn clothes, staying in despair, the younger son regretted that he had left the house, offended his father. Then he decided to return to asking for his father to work.

And at this time in the house of the Father still reigned wealth, everything worked, and bread enough. As if nothing has changed from the day, as one of the sons left unknown where, but the old man often recalled the younger. Of course, he was offended by the Son's act, but the pain of the resentment quickly passed. It was bothered by the lack of news, anxious news of plight in the country. That's the day, coming out in the morning of the house, my father remembered junior Son And once again wondered: "Is he alive, well?".

Suddenly he saw that there was some man far along the road to his house. The old man intercepted his breath, the heart beat anxiously in his chest. In the emaciated traveler, he learned his younger son. Father's soul filled pity. He did not remember the resentment, and before his eyes the picture arose, as a small boy, a son with love looked at him and smiled.

"Lord!" - Only I was able to make a father and rushed towards my son. He handed his hands to hug, and his son fell in front of her knees and asked for forgiveness. The old man ordered the servants to bring better clothes for the son, stick calf and arrange a feast.

Meanwhile, the eldest son returned. He asked what he was in the house. He was answered that the brother returned, and the father in honor of this event suits the holiday. "How so? - Exclaimed the eldest, turning to his father, - this book was slipped part of the state, threw the house, and you glad to return it, and the day arrange in his honor! I have been working for the benefit of the family all my life, I did not tell you the words, and you have never done anything to me, even the holidays did not suit. "

"Son that I had to do for you, because all my is yours? - Father replied, - How do you not enjoy yourself? After all, your brother first died for us, and now came to life, disappeared and found! "

Rembrandt "Return of the Prodigal Son"

So the parable ends about the prodigal son, and before our eyes the picture remains. On it we see the old man and the son standing in front of him on the knees. Father hugs him, he is happy that the son returned. And the one who once chosen the wrong way seems to feel love for the first time in his life in his heart. Next to them other people, among them - the eldest son. His eyebrows are naughty, and the hands are crossed, all the appearance is permeated by arrogance and offend.

The picture "The Return of the Prodigal Son" wrote in the XVII century the Great dutch artist Rembrandt Harmens Wang Rhine. This is one of recent work ingenious painter. If you are in St. Petersburg and visit the Hermitage Museum, you can see it yourself.

So, we know the plot of the paintings. But every work of art is also a story about his author. Rembrandt calls the Great Dutch. But what is Holland? It is mistaken to consider it a country. In fact, this is one of the provinces of the Netherlands. If we translate into Russian, the Netherlands is the lower lands.

A country that was previously under the rule of the Spanish king, was gained independence in 1581 and until 1795 was called the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Rembrandt Wang Rhine was born in this country on July 15, 1606. He fell to live in the 17th century, which in the history of the Netherlands entered the name "Golden Age". It was the time of economic and cultural heyday. Nowadays, the 17th century is called the golden age of Dutch painting.

Again, the word Holland arises. Where did this confusion come from? Russian Tsar Peter I, who burned the window to Europe, spent a lot of time in the Republic of the Netherlands, namely, in one of its provinces - in Holland. He brought this name to Russia. For many years, we have consolidated that there is such a country of Holland, which gave the world of great painters, where many tulips and windmills. In fact, Holland is the Netherlands.

Rembrandt grew up in the family of a wealthy miller, which was in possession of several houses and gardens. Father of a large family (Rembrandt was the sixth child) put all the strength to give children a good education. By seven years, his son knew how to read well, write and count. At the age of 14 Rembrandt entered Leiden University. But in a year, the painting of painting rearranged a passion for sciences.

Note that at this time painting in the country enjoyed in great demand. Each house held a lot of paintings, which all the walls were taken away. Apparently, therefore, parents did not prevent the passion of the Son. Rembrandt threw the university and went student to the artist Jacob Svanbühurh. An independent career of painting Rembrandt began to build in hometown Leiden. There he quickly gained glory, bought his paintings, he himself had students.

In 1631, Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam, where he quickly acquired fame. Three years later, he married a girl from a noble family - Saskiy Van Eilenburg. The life was prosperous, the artist had many orders, the family lived in prosperity. But ten years later, Saskovia died. The spouses had six children, but only one son - the titus survived the mother for several years.

Something has changed in the artist, he no longer wanted to write paintings with customers. Rembrandt appeals to biblical plots. The heroes of his new paintings appear in front of the audience in the image ordinary people. But these works did not accept these works. Without orders, Rembrandt ruined. Comes the time of losses - the house and the collection of pictures are sold for debts, the most dear people - The second wife Hendrik and son Titus.

The pain of losses, poverty collapsed on aging Rembrandt. Life in it supported painting, he continued and continued to create. It is believed to be their the best paintings The artist created in this very difficult period of his life. The painting "Return of the Prodigal Son" was written by Rembrandt in the year of his death and became his last brilliant work.

Why is the plot of parables about the prodigal son lay on the basis of many works of culture?

Many other works of art are based on the biblical parable about the prodigal son. The artists of various times and peoples were dedicated to him: Francesco Gradsino, Jerome Bosch, Bartolomeo Murillo, Rosa Salvator, Pierre Piges de Chavann. Composer Prokofiev wrote ballet, Britten - Opera. The plot of parables served as the basis for many literary works. So in the story of Pushkin " Stationery"The heroes are a helenty father and living in good daughter. About the parable Reminders the description of the "Prodigal Son" painting, which hangs on the wall in the house of the Father.

The painting "Return of the Produal Son" can be seen in many temples, for example, in Moscow, in the Church of the Trinity of the Library in Nicnics (Metro "China-City"), in the city of Stary Oskol in the temple of the Pokrov Virgin, on the southern wall of the Church of the Entrance of the Lord in Jerusalem in Suzdal.

Agree, Rembrandt's painting and the story told on it found a response and in our heart. The fact is that in each of us there is something from the prodigal son, something from the pride of the eldest son and something from a long-friendly father. Remember the youngest son, who wanted to immediately get part of the state of the father. Which of us seeing some thing, did not feel the desire to get it now and immediately? Forced refusal or obstacle took us out of themselves and deprived peace. Recall how a child requires parents to buy something and how it is offended by their refusal. So he is a younger son who lives in us. It is he forces to lose the mind, make stupidity, and create bad actions.

But it happens in the soul of a wormworm, which is not immediately notice. It appears even in a person the right thing that does not make mistakes, which hears senior and everything is well obtained in life. This is a pride, self-praise. The eldest son is good all over, the father is listening, but why does he require some special relationship for it? Why does he expect thanks? There is no good and love in his heart, but only the pride, because of this person is disappointing and the envy. He thinks: "How this is so, I'm so good, but I - nothing, and this is bad - for some reason get the best?"

Whether the eldest son is ashamed for his feelings, the parable does not tell. Probably, yes, because the words of the father sound the latter. Through the image of the father, the story reflects that good that is in every person. This is a particle of good, the ability to love all people. Do not forget about it, and let love live in your heart!




Canvas, oil.
Size: 260 × 203 cm

Description of the painting "Return of the Prodigal Son" Rembrandt

Artist: Rembrandt Harmens Wang Rhine
Picture Title: "Return of the Prodigal Son"
Picture written: 1666-1669
Canvas, oil.
Size: 260 × 203 cm

The 17th century is known not only by the end of the Inquisition, but also by the fact that the plot of the biblical parable about the prodigal son became popular. The young man who climbed his part of the inheritance and father went to travel. Everything was joined to drunkenness and Kutai, and later the young man has been working as a swineman. After a long navigocitation and adversity, he returned home, and his father accepted him and burst into tears.

Artists of that time began to actively exploit the image of a newless son, depicting it to playing cards, which indulges to joy with beautiful ladies. It was a hint of the worst and insignificance of the pleasures of the sinful world. Then Rembrandt Harmens Wang Rhine appeared and in 1668-1669 created a canvas, so distinguished from generally accepted canons. To understand and reveal deepest meaning This plot, the artist was not easy life Path "He lost all his favorite people who saw glory and wealth, bitterness and poverty."

"The Return of the Prodigal Son" is a grief of lost youth, regret that it is impossible to return the lost days and food for the mind of many historians and art historians.

Look at the canvas itself - it is a gloomy, but from somewhere from the depths, and demonstrates the platform before rich in the house. The whole family gathered here, the blind father hugs his son who stands on his knees. This is the entire plot, but the canvas special at least in its compositional techniques. The canvas is rich in particular internal beauty, it externally ugly and even angry. This is just the first impression that dispels the mysterious light, going beyond the boundaries of darkness, capable of attaching the attention of any viewer and clean his soul.

The main figures of Rembrandt places not in the center, but are somewhat shifted to the left side - the basic idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture is revealed so best. The artist allocates the most important way as images and details, but by light that transfers all participants in the event to the edge of the canvas. It is noteworthy that the balance for this composing reception The eldest son becomes in the right corner, and the whole picture is subordinate to the golden section. This law artists used for the best image of all proportions. But Rembrandt in this plan turned out to be special - it built a cloth resting on the shapes, transmitting the depth of the space and the response scheme, that is, the reaction to the event.

the main thing actor Biblical parable - the prodigal son, whom the artist depicted a brithead. In those days, there were only religious soldiers, so the young man fell on the low level of social layers. The collar of his costume is a hint of a luxury, which the young man once knew. The shoes worn almost to the holes, and one fell, when he became knees - a pretty touching and cheating.

The old man who hugs the son is written in red clothes that wearing rich people and seems blind. And biblical legend Does not talk about it, and the researchers believe that the whole picture is the image of the artist himself in different images that symbolize spiritual rebirth.

The image of a younger son is the image of the artist himself who decided to repent in his misconduct, and the earthly father and God, which hears and, perhaps, will forgive - this is an old man in red. The eldest son, with reproach looking at his brother - this is a conscience, and the mother becomes a symbol of love.

There are 4 more shapes in the picture that are hidden in the shadows. Their silhouettes are hidden in the dark space, and researchers call images by brothers and sisters. The artist would depict them as relatives if not only one detail: the parable tells about the jealousy of the older brother to the younger, but Rembrandt excludes it using psychological reception Family harmony. Figures mean faith, hope, love, repentance and truth.

Interestingly, the fact that the most masters of the brush does not consider t dive man. He thought and enjoyed the earthly life, possessing the thinking ordinary person With all his fears and experiences. Most likely, for this reason, the "return of the prodigal son" is an illustration of a human path to self-knowledge, self-cleaning and spiritual growth.

In addition, the picture center is considered reflection inner world Artist, his worldview. He - standing aside as an observer who wants to catch the whole essence of what is happening and involving the viewer into the world human fate and experiences.

The picture is a sense of infinite joy of family and father's defense. Probably, therefore, you can call the main character exactly the father, and not a prodigal son, who became a reason for the manifestation of generosity. Look carefully to this person - it seems older than the time, and his blind eyes are inexplicable as well as written by the Golden whopping boys. The dominant position of the Father in the picture is confirmed by a silent celebration, and hidden splendor. He reflects compassion, forgiveness and love.

... Rembrandt died in 63 years old. He was old, poor, evil and sick old man. Notary described his property quickly: pair of fufayeks, several nasal scarves, a dozen beret, paintings for paintings and the Bible. A man sighed and remembered that the artist was born in poverty. This peasant learned everything, and his life resembled the element that swings the soul on the waves of triumph and greatness, fame and wealth, of real love and incredible debts, trace, contempt, bankruptcy and poverty.

He survived the death of two women, who loved, left his students and got a society, but Rembrandt worked as at the heyday of his talent and glory. The artist still snapped the plot of the future canvases, picked up paints and blacks.

One of the greatest masters Brushes died in full of loneliness, but opened painting as a way to the best of the worlds, as the unity of the existence of the image and thought. His creativity recent years - This is not only thinking over the meanings. biblical plot About the prodigal son, and the ability to take themselves without anything and forgive before, than to look for forgiveness from God or the Higher Forces.