Indigenous Irishman. What is the story of Ireland? Age and sexual characteristics

Irish (self-talent - Na Heireann, NA Heireannahigh), the people, the main population of Ireland. The number of over 3.7 million people, including those born in Ireland - 3.5 million people, in Northern Ireland - 47 thousand people, in England - 109 thousand people, in Scotland - 5.6 thousand people (2006, census). Also live in the UK, USA (36 million people declare their Irish origin, among them the part does not really have the Irish ancestors; 2006, assessment of the US census bureau), Canada (3.8 million people of Irish origin, of which almost half are in Ontario province; 2001, census), Australia (1.9 million people, 2nd large group of Anglo-Australians; 2001, census) and others. Evaluation of the number of Irish in Diaspora are different depending on who to be counted for the Irish (Officially, the Government of Ireland recognizes Irish immigrants to the 3rd generation). They speak English and Irish (Galy). Believers - Catholics.

Celtic (Galic) tribes settled the island of Ireland, probably by the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BC. From the 12th century, the British originally entered the Irish in marriages, adopted their names, customs, etc., but from the middle of the 14th century (Kilkenni Statues 1366) The relationship with the Irish began to be considered in England as state treason. The oppression of the Irish of the British, land confiscation, religious reformation and the persecution of Catholics, the cruel suppression of the uprisings (especially after the expedition O. Cromwell 1649), the prohibition of folk culture (language, songs, clothes, etc.), the agricultural revolution of the 19th century (violent transition from grain farming To cattle breeding and potatoes, accompanied by a massive rupture of peasants), "Great Hunger" 1845-49 caused mass emigration of Irish, especially in North America. In the mid-19th century, Irish made up about half of immigrants to Canada and the United States. Emigration was accompanied by a great mortality rate (vessels, rising Irish in America, called "ships-coffins"). Irish became one of the most urbanized groups in the United States (the cities of New York, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco), accounted for a significant share among building and transport workers, police, etc. Over time, despite discrimination, the descendants of Irish immigrants entered the economic , political and cultural elite of many countries. The Irish diaspora created educational, cultural, charitable and political organizations, supported close contacts with a rebel movement in their homeland, participated in hostilities against British colonial troops in America (for example, "Irish invasions in Canada" 1866-1871). The tense relationship between the Irish and the British, taking the form of a religious conflict (between Catholics and Protestants), persist in Northern Ireland.

Irish were one of the most agricultural peoples of Europe. They were engaged in large commodity meat animal husbandry (mainly in the East and Northeast) and sheep-flowering, including distant (mainly in the West). Main agricultural crops - potatoes, barley and oats, in the south-east - also wheat. Until the mid-19th century in the West, a light wooden plow (ARD), in Central and Eastern Ireland, in Central and Eastern Ireland, is a heavy English-norman plow, in a harness of 4-6 horses. In the mountains, the Earth was treated with a spade with a narrow curved blade (in places - double) and focusing for the leg at the bottom of the handle. Up to the 20th century, volokushi, 2-wheeled wagons were preserved; We also went to top on donkey and pony of a special breed (large, with long wool). Irish villages Kuchva, in the West - ordinary layout; Until the 19th century, there were up to 50-60, then 10-20 yards. Up to 17th century, settlements were preserved on the artificial islands on the lakes (Krannog), ring fortifications (RAT). After the agricultural coup, the main type of rural settlement became a farm. The courtyard is usually rectangular unlocked with massive gates, in the north and west - single or double-round, in the mountains and swampy areas - scattered layout. The traditional housing is global, in the mountains - stone, from the 19th century Belynoe; In the east, the framework of the Facreter, in Northern Ireland, a brick in Northern Ireland is widespread. Characterized straw roofs. The house usually has inputs from 2 longitudinal sides, small windows - in one of the longitudinal walls overlooking the courtyard. In the southwest, houses with the central location of the focus were spread, sometimes oval shapes with a tent roof, a bedroom and a room for livestock were separated from the ends (later - an extra room). In the north and west, houses were prevailed with a fireplace from the Torch, overlooking the street wall; Sometimes the front room or a bedroom was attached to the fireplace from the end. Up to the 19th century, fireplaces with wicker, stunned clay impart, beds in wall niches were common. There were often no tables, the family was going for food at the hearth, the food was put on a wicker tray on his knees, which then hung on the wall; Later aged folding tables appeared. Traditional food - Milk (for the consumption of milk, the Irish held 1st place in the world), bacon, oatmeal, oatmeal and barley shephers in Soda, baked at the terrain-tripod (yeast bread was unknown). From the 19th century, the main food became potatoes. In the West, we used algae and mollusks assembled on the shore during the low tide. The main drink is a strong sweet tea, sometimes with milk; From alcoholic - beer, whiskey. Traditional clothes are mainly of wool. Characterized Women's Outerwear - Wide Cape Hooded. Women's clothing from Irish Islands Aran is a dark-red skirt with black stripes on the tool, blouse and shawl. Men wore knitted sweaters with an ornament characteristic of each village (they identified the bodies of drowned fishermen). In the 18-19th centuries, the Irish became mistaken to attribute as "national" forms of clothing Gaelic Kilt, a female green dress, etc. From the crafts developed weaving from straw, patterned knitting (including men's belts), embroidery, weaving lace on Cockles, etc. ; Popular so-called Celtic ornament.

Up to 19th century, the remains of the clan system were preserved (its traces - surnames starting with the Mac- "Son" or O '- "grandson", in the past, indicating such or another clan in the past), until the 2nd half of the 20th century in the countryside - Neighboring mutual assistance, patriarchal family. Majorates and late marriages were common due to lack of land. In the 19th century, they entered the custom of emigrants with the participation of neighbors (Amber Wake - American commemoration). Up to the 19th century was traditional wedding and funeral rites. The cult of water sources is maintained (for example, the so-called source of oblivion on the islands Aran, to which they went before leaving to America). It is characterized by the custom of gathered by the old men in winter evenings on someone's farm at the hearth. Men attend pubs. Traditional sport - hockey on the grass (HURNING), golf. Among the main holidays - St. Patrick's Day (March 17); Popular, especially in America, autumn memorial holiday Halloween. At the initiative of national cultural organizations (Gaelle League, Gal Lynn et al.) Annual festivals are held (FESH, Multiple Feshana).

Oral creativity. The most important musical instrument in the Irish tradition is the harp of Clarins (see the Celtic harp; the oldest surviving samples are dated by the 14th century). One of the oldest tools - Lira to twist (see Crow). The traditional Aerophon Bun over the last centuries is supplanted by longitudinal flutes (with a whistle device without it). Irish Village Ilyan Pipes (in size is less than Scottish, fur is driven by the elbow) can accompany the singing of the checker. The violin in the traditional music of the Irish is used from the 18th century, Buben Bodran - from the 20th century. Usually, with an ensemble game, the tools sound in unison. Singing without accompaniment is considered the oldest form of musication and is called Shang Nos ("Old Style"). Most of the surviving traditional music - dance naigry in a merger meter: Rile, Liage and Horgopipe. The most ancient melodies are based on pentatonic. Gaelic genres (legends, fastching, etc.) and plots are preserved. Pure English-speaking genre - Limerick. The traditional Gaelic musical and dance culture by 18-19 centuries was largely lost. The most characteristic music and poetic genre of the late folklore - ballad (plots of wars, uprisings, the death of heroes, etc.). The urban environment was the so-called street ballads. Historical songs are characteristic (for example, "Guys from Wexford", "Brave Robert Emmett", "Green Clothes" - about uprisings 1798 and 1803), including author, for example, the poet of the 19th century T. Davis. Lyrical songs also have a patriotic coloring. Among the heroes of fairy tales - a comic character, a dark Patrick, a stray musician and a member of Rafteri et al. In connection with the revival of national culture in the 20th century, the so-called Irish, or Novoxel, harp, entered the annoyance of the national culture. The ancient harp of Clars is depicted on the coat of arms of Ireland. In the late 20 - early 21st century in Ireland and abroad, the so-called Irish music ("Celtic Falkrok") is only partly connected with late folklore.

Lit.: Flood W. N. G. History of Irish Music. Dublin, 1905. 3rd ED. Shannon, 1970; Grozdova I. N., Kozlov V. I. Irish // Peoples of foreign Europe. M., 1965. T. 2; O'Neill T. Life and Tradition in Rural Ireland. L., 1977; Charles-edwards T. M. Early Irish and Welsh Kinship. OXF.; N. Y., 1993; Patterson N. T. Cattle-Lords and Clansmen: Kinship and Rank in Early Ireland. 2nd ed. N. Y., 1994; The Companion to Irish Traditional Music / Ed. F. Vallely. N. Y., 1999.

T. A. Mikhailova; Ya. Gardzonio (oral creativity).

The famous Russian poetess Zinaida Hippiiius was once a long time ago, although I never saw Ireland, called it a "foggy country with sharp rocks." Now the island of Ireland, where, in fact, the Republic of Ireland is called "Emerald Island", because Trees and plants there are green practically all year round. However, tourists in Ireland will be interesting not only nature, but also numerous medieval castles, as well as other attractions, traditional festivals and local alcoholic beverages (Irish whiskey, beer and el).

Geography of Ireland

Republic of Ireland is located on the island of Ireland, in the north-west of Europe. This country has an land border only with Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK. Ireland Island is washed from all sides by the Atlantic Ocean (Celtic Sea in the south, St. George's channel - in the south-east and Irish Sea in the East). The total area of \u200b\u200bthis country is 70,273 square meters. km. The highest peak of Ireland - Mount Karantural, whose height reaches 1041 m.

Capital

The capital of Ireland is Dublin, whose population now has about 550 thousand people. Historians argue that the Celtic settlement on the site of modern Dublin existed already in the II century AD.

Official language of Ireland

In Ireland, two official languages \u200b\u200bare Irish and English. However, only 39% of the population of Ireland knows Irish.

Religion

About 87% of Ireland residents are Catholics belonging to the Roman Catholic Church.

State device

According to the Constitution, Ireland is the Parliamentary Republic, the head of which is the president, elected for a 7-year term.

The executive authority belongs to the two-challenge parliament - Oiryachtas, consisting of a Senate (60 people) and the House of Representatives (156 people).

The main political parties are the "Labor Party", "Fine Gal", "Fianna File", "Shinn Fein", "Working Party of Ireland", and "Socialist Party".

Climate and weather in Ireland

On the climate in Ireland, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm flow of Golf Stream has a decisive effect. As a result, the climate in this country is moderate marine. The average annual air temperature is + 9.6s. The warmest months in Ireland - July and August, when the average air temperature reaches + 19 comp, and the coldest - January and February (+ 2C). The average precipitation is 769 mm per year.

The average air temperature in Dublin:

• january - + 4c
• february - + 5c
• march - + 6,5s
• april - + 8,5s
• may - + 11c
• june - + 14c
• july - + 15c
• august - + 15c
• september - + 13c
• october - + 11c
• november - + 7c
• december - + 5c

Seas and oceans

Ireland Island is washed from all sides by the Atlantic Ocean. In southern Ireland is washed by the Celtic Sea, and in the East - Irish Sea. In the south-east, St. George's channel divides Ireland and the UK.

Rivers and lakes

A lot of rivers flow through Ireland. The biggest ones are Shannon, Barrow, Shur, Blackwater, Bunne, Liffi, and Slaney. As for the lakes, one of them, first of all, should be called the following: Loch Derg, Loch Mask, Loch, and Killarney.

Note that in Ireland there is an extensive network of channels, most of which were built more than 100 years ago.

History

The first people on the island of Ireland appeared 8 thousand years ago. Then, during Neolithic, Celtic tribes from the Pyrenean Peninsula arrived in Ireland. The spread of Christianity in Ireland is associated with the name of St. Patrick, who arrived at this island in about the middle of the V century.

From the VIII century, Ireland is subjected to century wiking invasion. At this time, the country is divided into several counts.

In 1177, the British troops seize a significant part of Ireland. In the middle of the XVI century, the British tried to impose Protestantism to Irish, but they could not finally do it. Thus, to this day, the inhabitants of Ireland are divided into two religious concessions - Catholics and Protestants (in the Republic of Ireland, the majority of the population are Catholics).

In 1801, Ireland became part of the UK. Only in 1922, after the Irish war for independence, most of Ireland separated from the UK, forming an Irish free state (but which was part of the Commonwealth of Great Britain). Only in 1949, Ireland became truly independent. However, Northern Ireland, where the majority of the population are Protestants, still part of the UK.

In 1973, Ireland was accepted in the EU.

Culture of Ireland

Despite the fact that the British for many centuries tried to include Ireland in their empire, Irish still managed to maintain their national self-consciousness, as well as traditions and beliefs.

The most popular festivals in Ireland are a festival and parade during St. Patrick's Day, Galway Oyster Festival, a jazz festival in Cork, the Bloomsday festival, and a marathon in Dublin.

Kitchen

Traditional products in Ireland - meat (beef, pork, lamb), fish (salmon, cod), seafood (oysters, mussels), potatoes, cabbage, cheese, dairy products. The most famous Irish dish is the Irish Raga, which is prepared from lamb, potatoes, carrots, parsley, bow and cumin.

Another traditional Irish dish is boiled bacon with cabbage. Ireland is also famous for its traditional bread in Soda and Cheesecake.

Casual non-alcoholic drinks in Ireland - tea and coffee (remember, the famous coffee in Irish, which includes whiskey, brown sugar and whipped cream). As for alcoholic beverages, the Irish prefers whiskey, beer and ale.

Sights of Ireland

Despite the fact that Ireland is a small country, it still has a lot of interesting sights. The top ten of them, in our opinion, includes the following:

Cities and resorts

The biggest cities of Ireland are Cork, Limerick, and, of course, Dublin. The biggest of these is Dublin, in which about 550 thousand people now live. In turn, the population of the crust is more than 200 thousand people, and Limerick is about 100 thousand people.

Souvenirs / Shopping

Tourists from Ireland usually bring traditional Irish Sweaters from Aran (we recommend buying white Aran Sweaters, and not colored), Crystal Crystal Waterford Crystal, Twid Suits, Linen Lingerie, CDs with Irish Music, Fishing Tackle, and, of course, Irish whiskey.

Work hours of institutions

Alternative names of the country - sometimes Ireland is called Galia or Eyre.

History

It takes five sixth Irish Islands, the second largest island of the British Islands. While the Irish National Culture is relatively homogeneous compared to the multinational cultures of other countries, Irish people recognize some minor and significant cultural differences that are exclusively traditional for Ireland, although it is very close to British culture.

In 1922, which, under the union of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was separated from the UK and began to be called an Irish free state (later Ireland), and a piece of Northern Ireland remained as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Northern Ireland takes one sixth part of the island. Almost ninety for five years has passed since the division of Ireland and Northern Ireland, but this time was enough for the cultures of countries began to differ from each other. Despite the fact that they are closest neighbors and have the same roots, there have been significant differences in the language and in the dialect, in religion, in the government structure and in conducting policies, in sports, music and business culture.

42 percent of the population of Northern Ireland continue to consider themselves with Irish by nationality and ethnic. Very often, the northern Irish indicate the similarity between their national culture and the culture of Ireland, this is one of the reasons why Ireland and the North must unite and be a single island state.

Most of the population in Northern Ireland, which considers themselves indigenous British, they identify themselves with political communities and union union movements of Great Britain, so they do not seek to unite with Ireland, but they want to preserve their traditional ties with the UK.

In the Irish Independent Republic, cultural differences are recognized between urban and rural areas (especially between the capital Dublin and the rest of the country), as well as between regional cultures that are most often discussed from the West points, South, Midlands and the North, who are traditional Irish provinces and are called Connovat, Leinster and Olster.

While the overwhelming majority of Irish consider themselves ethnic Irish, some Irish citizens consider themselves the Irish of British origin, this group is sometimes called "Anglo-Irish" or "Western British". Another important cultural minority of Irish origin is a kind of travelers who have historically been a wandering ethnic group, famous for their roles in the informal economy.

Representatives of this group were artisans, merchants and artists. There are also small religious minorities (for example, Irish Jews) and simply ethnic minorities (for example, Chinese, Indians and Pakistanis), which have retained many aspects of cultural life with their original national cultures.

Formation of a nation

The nation, which turned into the Irish, was formed for two millennia as a result of heterogeneous forces, both internal and external in relation to the island. Although there were several groups of people living on the island in prehistoric times, but the Celtic Migration of the First Millennium BC was brought by the language and many aspects of the Gaelic society, it is to these moments, historians and politicians appear when they talk about the national revival. Christianity was introduced in the fifth century of our era, and from the very beginning, Irish Christianity was associated with monastic.

Irish monks have made a lot to preserve the European Christian heritage before and during the Middle Ages, and they preached their faith throughout the continent, made efforts to create spiritual Sanov, called people to serve them to God and the Church.

Since the beginning of the ninth century, Norwegians conducted research on monasteries and settlements of Ireland, and by the next century they created their own coastal communities and shopping centers. The traditional Irish political system based on five provinces (MIT, Connovat, Leuntster and Olster) includes many representatives of Norwegian origin, as well as many of the Norman invaders asslaved in England after 1169 and rooted there over the next four centuries.

The Anglo-Norman conquerors took most of the island into their possessions, they created feudalism and a peculiar structure of parliament on this land. The government and the rights of people appeared, the new system adopted Irish and customs, in addition, marriage began between the Normans and the Irish elite. By the end of the fifteenth century, the Norman descendants were completely rooted in Ireland, they preferred their settlements to build around Dublin under the control of English lords.

In the sixteenth century, Tudoras sought to establish English control over most of the island. Henry's efforts VIII Adapt the Catholic Church in Ireland marked the beginning of many years of cooperation between Irish Catholics and Irish nationalists. His daughter, Elizabeth I, made the English conquest of the island.

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the British government began to pursue a colonization policy, importing English and Scottish immigrants, politics, which often entailed the violent elimination of native Irish traditions. Today's nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland has its own historical roots when new English Protestants and Scottish Presbyterians moved to Olster.

The victory over Stuarts at the end of the seventeenth century A by the period of Protestant activation, in which civil rights and human rights were proclaimed in their native Irish, the overwhelming majority of the population in Ireland were Catholics, so they were repressed. By the end of the eighteenth century, the cultural roots of the nation became strong. But, among other things, Ireland has absorbed some traditions of Norwegians and the British. However, all new things that came to the country was inseparable from Catholicism.

National Unity of Ireland

The long history of modern Irish revolutions began in 1798, when the Catholic and Presbyterian leaders under the influence of the American and French revolutions decided to introduce national self-government in Ireland. They united to use power to try to break the connection between Ireland and England.

This entailed subsequent uprisings in 1803, 1848 and 1867, but could not break the connection with England. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom on the basis of the Union in 1801 and was there until the end of the First World War (1914-1918), when the Irish war for independence led to a compromise agreement between the Irish warring Parties and the British government.

Protestants of Northern Ireland wanted to leave Olster as part of the United Kingdom. This compromise was created by an Irish free state, which included twenty-six of the thirty-two districts in Ireland. The rest became Northern Ireland, but only part of Ireland remained as part of the United Kingdom, where the majority of the population were Protestants and members of the trade union.

Cultural nationalism received his flourishing when the Catholic liberation movement in the early nineteenth century fell for the independence of Ireland. The leaders of this movement were striving to achieve the revival of Irish, sports, literature, drama and poetry to demonstrate the cultural and historical foundations of the Irish nation.

This revival of Gel culture has stimulated great support for the population in creating the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Irish nation. Also at this time there were groups that sought various ways to express modern nationalism.

Ireland's intellectual life began to have a great influence on the British Islands and beyond, and first of all among the Irish diaspora, which was forced to escape the disease, hunger and death in the period 1846-1849, when a strong crown of potatoes happened, from which Irish depended peasantry. According to various estimates during this period, hunger led to death about one million indigenous people and two million emigrants.

By the end of the nineteenth century, many Irish residents came to a peace agreement with the inhabitants of Great Britain, but not all. Many others were betrayed by the violent rupture of Irish and British ties. Secret societies were predecessors of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), together with public groups, such as trade union organizations planned another uprising, which took place on Easter on Monday, April 24, 1916.

It was distinguished by merciless, with which the British government was trying to suppress him. This uprising led to a large-scale disappointment of the Irish people in truce with England. The Irish War for Independence lasted from 1919-1921, and then the Irish Civil War (1921-1923) occurred, which ended with the creation of an independent state.

Ethnic relations

Many countries of the world have in their composition a significant number of Irish ethnic minorities, including. While many of these people emigrated from the middle to the end of the nineteenth century, many others are descendants of later Irish emigrants, and the third were born in Ireland and still left here for any reason.

These ethnic communities determine in one degree or another with Irish culture, their religion, dancing, music, clothing, food and secular and religious holidays are distinguished (the most famous of which is St. Patrick's Day, which is celebrated in Irish communities around the world on March 17) .

While Irish immigrants often suffered from religious, ethnic and racial intolerance in the nineteenth century, their communities today are characterized by the stability of their ethnic identity and the degree in which they rooted and began to take echoes of other national cultures.

Communication with the Motherland remain strong. Many people of Irish origin worldwide are actively involved in finding a decision of the national conflict with Northern Ireland.

Interethnic relations in the Republic of Ireland are relatively peaceful, given the homogeneity of the national culture, but Irish travelers often become victims of prejudice.

In Northern Ireland, the level of ethnic conflict, which is inextricably linked to religion, nationalism and ethnic unity, is high, he was the reason for the start of political violence in 1969. Since 1994, the world has been shaky and intermittent. Passionate Friday, in which the 1998 Agreement was concluded, is the most recent chord in this political situation.

Original appearance always attracts and attracts views. What an unusual man looks like, the greater interest arises towards his person. Often, people themselves change their appearance to stand out from the crowd. But there are such peoples who do not need to do anything, they themselves are bright and unusual.

For example, Irish, the appearance of which can definitely be called memorable and non-standard. Of course, we are not about all the polls of Ireland's representatives, but about typical carriers of Irish appearance.

Turn to the origins

The Irish people (or Celts) produces the overall impression of such soulful prostations, merry and fans of noisy companies and accompanying fears of drinking.

Irish are interesting and are known to the whole world with their culture. One thing is only worth. His gladly celebrate residents of various countries. And the Irish tunes are loved by numerous fans. Some of them are even seriously interested in the Irish culture and refer to themselves by Celtomans.

Irish, who fully correspond to their lifestyle and habits, are one of the most positive peoples in the world.

How did Irish men originally looked?

Initially, Celtic men looked somewhat different than modern. Traditionally, the sign of the real Celt long hair is not lower than shoulders. They wore them straight, combed to the side of the back of the back, or did special weavings, Irish braids. Of course, as at any time, Irish, who did not adhere to traditions, their heads were decorated with short haircuts.

The same borodie concerned, someone left her, and someone completely shaved. For the nobility, scattered cheeks and chin were characterized and the presence of a mustache over the upper lip.

Depending on the place of residence, the Irish, the appearance of which in general and the color of the hair in particular were variable, were proud of their data. The color of their hair ranged from very bright shades to fire-red. At the same time, the owners of bright chapels even more brightened the hair with natural means. And the red-haired Irish simply remained to enjoy their difference.

The growth of Irish was distinguished by a height, shoulders - latter, and they were folded athletic. Celts treated their body very much and tried to constantly enjoy it.

Over time, as Celts resettlement in various regions, typical, brightly pronounced, signs could be somewhat eager due to the creation of interethnic families.

Modern Irish men

After time, the Irish, the appearance of which was initially very pronounced, they have changed partly.

The usual blonde and red hair now, rather, are a stereotype. Of course, they are, but literally in units. Most modern Celts have a dark hair and light eyes and freckles occur much more often. Persons in their type are narrow, you can say shouldy. At the change of athlete heroes came young Irish thin bodybupping and medium height.

The manner is dressing and served now there are different Irish. Appearance (a photo of a man of Irish is represented in the article) can be imagined quite clearly, especially if communicating with them personally. More specifically, three types can be distinguished:

• Street guys who do not particularly restrain themselves. They smoke and often drink. And you can easily stick to the passing with stupid questions or mockery.
• "Handsome". Irish, who are clearly talking to their roots, follow themselves, have a beautiful figure, stylish clothes and a well-kept look.
• Ordinary guys. These can be found in any country - absolutely not remarkable externally, without special types and distinctive features.

How did Ireland women look like?

If you deepen in ancient times, the beautiful half of the Irish community was described as follows - long-haired women, and the hair was often much lower than the waist, incredible, blindingly red-colored. The hair is very thick, so much that their hostesses were quite difficult to wear them and cope with such wealth. But at the same time, women themselves looked very impressive - high growth and more than a major physique. If you do not take into account the incredible length and beauty of the hair, then Celtic women were very similar to men. And it was not only an appearance, but the most real power. Descriptions of the following content were found: "Women are able to compete with men in force, and each can easily give a feather with even a group of aggressive rivals." Writers gave the definition of Irish women as a man-like huge representatives of humanity, with terrible features of the face and a thorough voice. But despite such non-extended reviews, the Irish family had a continuation.

Modern Irish women

After a century, not only the Men-Irish changed. The appearance of the woman also changed markedly.

Two main types of Celtic women can be distinguished:

• Flat flat face with flat nose. Dark (often blue (less green) eyes.
• An elongated face with an elongated nose, void cheeks. Light hair and blond eyes of various shades.

When looking at modern Irish does not arise the feeling that she is beautiful. Even despite the fact that the girl is caught by himself and fashionably dressed, it seems that "something is missing." Charm, attractiveness, charisma is more not about Irish. It is important here to note that we are talking about standard, average girls who have not resorted to the help of plastic surgeons and hardware help of cosmetologists.

Among Irland there are practically no skinny personnel. From his great-grandfathers and so on, modern women inherited lush forms.

And I want to pay special attention to the hair. Celtic contemporaries are absolutely not worried about the view on their head, and artistic "shishchiki" is the most common version of everyday hairstyle.

National Clothing of Irish

Irish, the appearance of which is very peculiar, invalidly worn national clothes, unusual and quite interesting.

The Irish consisted of a long skirt of red or orange shades (in some exceptions, the skirts could be dark blue or green) and an elongated bright shirt. She flew to the waist, the sleeves reached the brushes, the neck most often was performed rounded with ruffles around. The corsage was put on the shirt and shawl with a fringe - on the shoulders. And the skirt was obligatory large, most often a checkered apron. This is such a multi-layered, but certainly a beautiful and original outfit wore Celts in the early century.

In men, the skirt (kilt) was much shorter than the female, mostly yellow-brown gamma. From above the elongated vest and a bright shirt. And it was obligatory was a cloudy takes.

Currently, the clothes of the Irish only remotely resembles the costumes of the ancestors. Only on family holidays or for any thematic speeches, the Irish dressed in national clothes. And mostly now they are dressed in the same way as the majority of the world's population. Just follow fashion and try to choose high-quality and stylish things.

The image of Irish in cinema and literature

Celts (Irish) are quite often mentioned in cinema and literary works. Appearance, redheads, characteristic of native hair, special - It is these nuances that are remembered by the viewer and the reader and are used by the authors. You can bring the most vivid examples of using the image of Irish in cinema and literature:

• John (Ron) from Epopea about Harry Potter. Probably the most famous of Irish characters. A typical boy, how represents the Irish child the bulk of the population of the globe, - red hair, freckles, good-natured and open look.
• The famous Leprechaun from the tape of the same name.
• Redhead pirates. Frequently often found in literary, and in cinematic works.
• And even Princess Fiona from Shrek - in its human image just standard Ireland.

Bright and unusual Irish (appearance, the photos of which are described and presented in this material) are popular and interesting, and will definitely do not leave an indifferent person who communicates with the Celt for the first time. And even not having personal communication, Irish men and women are able to interest, just look enough to see their photos or an interesting movie with Irish images.

Clans and surnames of Ireland

Translation of John Grenham (John Grenham) "Clans and the names of Ireland"

Entrance article - Heraldry

The coat of arms appeared in Ireland with the arrival of normans in Ireland in the 12th century. Gelic tribes, coat of arms symbols and culture was not inherent. Norman heraldry obviously demonstrated its military title and was pretty infertility and simple - solely for rapid recognition on the battlefield. Examples of such coat of arms are the coat of arms of Clan de Burgos, De Clare, Fitzgerald and other names of Norman origin.

Significantly different from the Norman Anglo-Irish tradition, which can be dated to the mid-16th century, when the Tudor planter came to power and when it was founded (in 1552) The Office of Ulster King of Arms, as part of the owners of the administration of the Agli In Ireland (Vice Regal Court). The Anglo-Irish coat of arms are distinguished by the details and divisions within the emblem, which reflected their concern about family relationships and status in society (and not military prerequisites and European traditions, like Norman families). These coat of arms were complained by the English courtyard in order to strengthen the English power in Ireland and expressed division on the provinces and their rulers.

The third tradition of Heraldry dates back to the Gelian-priming Irish part of society and it is inherent in a unique peculiarity. It is noticeable to the leading role of geneologies in Gel Society, ascending to the heroes of the myths and the symbols of the royal power of the animal and plant world within the framework of the original Irish (Celtic) tradition. Gelian heraldry began its development in the 15th century, but the characters used on herbs have the oldest roots. Each family raised his family to any mythical ancestor and according to the law of the clan or family had the right to own the fact that their mythicals would be ancestor. Thus, Irish Heraldry reflected the right to property and mythical ancestor. As well as relatives could have the same coat of arms, but people living on one territory (tribes). Which differs significantly from the two previous traditions.

R ascaged Read more about Celtic characters used in Irish coat of arms.

Red hand about nailsO`neill. which is now associated with an olone in heraldic terminology is called: d Dexter Hand Appaume Gules. Her origin goes back to the name of the son of Bolga Bolg.- Nouada Nuadu.having connotations with the Sun Bow Celts. This son was known as Labraid Lámhdhearg. or Labraid of the Red Hand.

Deer- symbol that often appears on the coat of arms of munster clans Maccarthy, O1sallivan, Healy And many others - very clearly correlated with kotor, the myth of people Érainn.. According to this myth, the legality of the ruling home is confirmed when a deer enters the territory of the clan during the hunt. Special hunting at the border of clans, which indicates whose house will be the ruling, according to where the deer runs and where and who he will be killed. The ruler becomes the one who will remove the deer.

The fact that many families use this symbol says that they are related to the tribe Eoghanacht.which dominated Munchster in times Brian Boru..

In Connakhta ( Connacht)coat of arms of the ruling clan O`Conorand other family names related to him, such as Flanagan, O`beirne. And many others contain Oak symbolwhich since ancient times has been associated with Celtic tribes with royal power. Medieval sources say that the ruling family of Ireland had at least one sacred oak tree outside the circular fort.

Departments in Genealogies and Heraldry in Olster and Ireland.

As mentioned above in 1552, the Royal Olster Department of Herbs was founded the Office Of Ulster King Of Armswhose heir became the heir Department of GenealogyGenealogical Office.who existed until 1943, when his functions were divided by Medzhi by the London College of the coat of arms and the main heraldic department of independent Ireland Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland.

Department of Genealogy It was not at all genealogies, but heraldry, mostly English-Irish surnames. There was a record, registration, legalizing the incoming Anglo-Irish descendants and their coat of arms.

Since the beginning of the 18th century, this department has received additional rights and obligations: direct representation of the Crown and the British government in Ireland. These responsibilities included the selection and legalization of candidates for the Irish Chamber of Lords, and all ceremonies associated with this. As well as a decision on legalizing the orders of Irish origin. For example, the Order of St. Patrick which was developed in the replacement of well-known English orders the Orders of the Bath and the Garter was registered and legalized in Olster. The heraldic and cerimonial duties of the Olster were performed until the middle of the 20th century.

In 1940, Ireland was founded Chief of the Name Edward Mac Lisatom Dr EDVARD MACLYSAGHT.. This society was investigating the ancient gel roots of modern descendants of the famous Irish clans. According to the results of these studies, heads of names were assigned Chief of Name.who have no legal possession or rights, but still exist to this day.

In 1909, the State Museum of Heraldry was created in Dublin, thanks to the activities of Sere Nevila Wilkinson Sir Neville Wilkinson. From the Genealogical Department of Olster.