Griboyedov's grief from the mind is the main problem. Concept and problems based on the comedy Woe from Wit (Griboyedov A

1. Creative way writer,
2. "Woe from Wit": history of origin and main meaning.
3. Bright, figurative language comedy.
4. The timelessness of comedy.

Alas! The taciturns are blissful in the world!
A. S. Griboyedov

A. S. Griboyedov, diplomat, talented poet, composer, went down in the history of Russian literature as the author of the only brilliant comedy "Woe from Wit".

A man with an excellent education and a genius mindset, Griboyedov devoted his life to serving the motherland, believing: "The more enlightened a person is, the more useful his fatherland is." A close acquaintance with the Decembrists and the separation of their ideas and hatred in relation to the autocratic-serf system gave the poet a lot. However, he did not believe in a revolutionary way of changing Russian reality and in a happy outcome of the Decembrist conspiracy.

Early little-known creativity Griboyedov was closely associated with drama. The writer co-authored with P. A. Katenin ("The Student"), A. A. Shakhovsky and B. M. Khmelnitsky ("Own Family, or a Married Bride"), Gendre ("Feigned Infidelity", a brilliant translation of the comedy by G. Barthes) ... First independent work"By the writer - the comedy" Young Spouses "- a free arrangement of a well-known plot French playwright K. de Lesser.

Already the first dramatic experiments of Griboyedov became innovative: with his help, new things arose for Russian theater direction - "secular" or "light" comedy. In the first, still awkward and timid experiments, ideas and techniques were revealed that will acquire a new sound in his program work "Woe from Wit". The exact origin of the idea of ​​the comedy is unknown, but researchers of creativity attribute its dates to 1816. The first two acts were written in the Caucasus, where the writer was on official business from 1821 to 1822. The main work was carried out in St. Petersburg (1824), but the next year the artist again returned to his comedy, changing some scenes and introducing the missing elements into the comedy.

The main theme of the work is the depiction of reality as it is: the depravity of the morals and life foundations of the decaying nobility and the sad, largely unfair position of an advanced person who finds himself in such an environment. The problems posed by the author in the work are really serious. They relate to the position of the Russian people, the principles of upbringing and education, obsolete and obsolete, the autocracy and identity of Russia. Many of them were raised earlier in the works of other authors of this time, but most of them never received their logical resolution.

The action of the comedy reveals the position of the Russian nobility on the eve of 1925. This can be judged by the realities described quite accurately in the text and related to specific historical dates: 1817 - the formation of a committee "so that no one knows and does not learn to read and write", 1819 - Lancaster education, popular in the Decembrist environment, in 1821 - "schisms and disbelief", in which the leading Russian professors were accused, as well as foreign events that took place in the period from 1820 to 1823.

The contradiction between the heroism of the people, revealed during Patriotic War 1812, and the regime of serfdom, oppressing and suppressing it, runs like a red line through the entire fabric of the work. It was expressed in the clash between the representative of the advanced educated Russian nobility, Chatsky, and the Famus society, typical of Russia. The situation in which Chatsky found himself was characteristic of the entire Russian reality of that time. Despite the existence of people close in ideology to Chatsky, the main character is helpless and alone in a hostile environment for him.

Griboyedov's innovation manifested itself in many moments, in particular, in the novelty of the main idea, put into the title of the comedy - all the sorrow in society comes "from the mind", that is, "excessive" education, intelligence. The playwright shows two polar views of life in the comedy. This is the point of view of Chatsky, for whom the highest value is "a mind hungry for knowledge", and Famusov, who believes that "learning is a plague, learning is the reason that nowadays it is more than when crazy people divorced." This contrast builds the main story line comedy - leading dialogues, scenes, even development love line depend on the views of opposing heroes. Mind, stupidity, insanity are the spring for the development of all action.

The bright, figurative, aphoristic language of comedy still makes the work interesting for the modern reader. There is no such work either in Russian or in foreign literature that would sparkle with such abundance winged words and expressions. A.S. Pushkin spoke about the skill of Griboyedov as follows: "I am not talking about poetry: half should enter into a proverb." Catch phrases not only adorned the text of the work, organically weaving into it and flowing out of it, but also became the wealth of the Russian language, went “to the people”.

The topicality of the comedy is still undeniable. The taciturns are blissful in the world. Typical people they are found even now only in masks of decency, with behavior that makes them less noticeable in the crowd, and with a new "polish" that modern Sophias are greedy for.

Every comedy character has become a household name. The existence of such images in real life unfortunately there is no doubt about it. Take Repetilov, for example, a most useless, unnecessary person for society, who, however, was accepted into it thanks to his brilliant abilities - the ability to “stick” to a smarter person and feed on his thoughts and ideas, perverting them and assigning them authorship. It is not for nothing that a phrase that has become winged was put into his mouth:

"Yes, an intelligent person cannot but be a cheat."

"Woe from Wit" appeared greatest work of a similar kind for their contemporaries. Until now, his images are alive, heroes and themes exist side by side with reality. Sometimes it becomes scary to look into the future - centuries pass, generations change, but Griboedov comedy continues to remain, because human thought and human judgments are largely conservative. And who are the judges? Permanent Famusovs and Molchalins. Chatskys? There are plenty of them, but they occupy the same place as several centuries ago. They can criticize, quite rightly and justifiably, they can criticize the ossified and dilapidated, but no less vulgar social conditions. But the matter usually does not progress beyond criticism, and there is only one way out: like the main character of the comedy, to run

Get out of Moscow!
I am no longer a rider here.
I'm running, I won't look back
I'm going to look around the world
Where to the offended there is a corner for the feeling ”.

The timeless work of Griboyedov will remain so not only because of its special acuteness and relevance, but also because of the brilliant imagery that is perfectly superimposed on modern society:

Well ball! Well Famusov!
I knew how to name the guests!
Some kind of freaks from the other world,
And he had someone to talk to, and no one to dance with.

1. The comedy "Woe from Wit" was written by A.S. Griboyedov in early XIX century, and the era of the change of centuries, as a rule, is accompanied by profound changes in the social environment and the rapid growth of contradictions between representatives of two centuries, characteristic of this time. Griboyedov caught the main social conflict that emerged after the Patriotic War of 1812. The comedy poses the most burning questions of that time: the position of the Russian people, serfdom , the relationship between landowners and peasants, autocratic power, insane waste of nobles, the state of enlightenment, the principles of upbringing and education, independence and freedom of the individual, national identity. 2. The ideological meaning of the comedy lies in the opposition of two social forces, lifestyles, worldviews: the old, feudal, and the new, progressive; in exposing everything backward and proclaiming advanced ideas of the time. The struggle of the "present century" with the "past century" is the struggle of Chatsky, an advanced man of his time, and the backward Famus society. Representatives of the Moscow nobility are deprived of any civic thoughts and interests. They see the meaning of life primarily in enrichment, they are careerists and envious people. They are in power and occupy a high social position. They view the service only as a source of income, as a means to receive undeserved honors. Famusov's confession is very indicative: And I have something that does not matter, My custom is this: Signed, so off your shoulders. In the society of Moscow nobles, such phenomena as nepotism and nepotism are widespread. Famusov says: Well, how not to please a dear little man, and does not hide the fact that he has ... employees of strangers are very rare: More and more sisters, sister-in-law of the child. These are people deprived of a sense of humanity, enemies of freedom, stranglers of enlightenment, their innermost desire - "to take all the books and burn them." One of them exchanges a crowd of his servants for three greyhounds, who "saved his honor and his life more than once." Another, for the sake of idle amusement, drives to the serf ballet "from mothers, fathers of rejected children," and then sells them one by one. 3. Satirically denouncing the local and bureaucratic nobility, the entire feudal-serf system, A. S. Griboyedov clearly saw the positive social forces of his era, the emergence and growth of new, progressive aspirations and ideas. So, Skalozub complains to Famusov that his cousin, who had recruited "some new rules," neglected the rank that followed him, left the service and "began to read books in the village." Princess Tugoukhovskaya says that her relative, who studied at the Pedagogical Institute, "does not want to know the ranks!" Famusov, referring to the widespread free-thinking, calls his time "a terrible century." But with the greatest completeness, the awakening of national, social consciousness is embodied in the image of Chatsky. This is undoubtedly an ardent patriot, a fearless warrior against serfdom and despotic autocracy, a courageous knight of truth, a merciless judge of all lies and falsehoods, all that is hostile to the new, that stands in the way of reason. He stigmatizes ignorance, denounces the nobility and acts as a fiery propagandist of science, education, art. Griboyedov wrote: “In my comedy there are 25 fools for one sane person; and this person, of course, is in contradiction with the society around him. " Deeply believing in the correctness of his ideas, Chatsky is convinced that his dreams will come true, that the future belongs to new people, his brothers in spirit. 4. In the comedy, the conflict ends with the general recognition of Chatsky as a madman, and the love drama ends with the exposure of the love affair led by Molchalin. At the end of the play, Chatsky feels abandoned by everyone, and a sense of alienation from the society to which he once belonged intensifies. The denouement of the love drama affects the main conflict: Chatsky leaves all contradictions unresolved and leaves Moscow. In a clash with Famusian society, Chatsky is defeated, but losing, he remains undefeated, since he understands the need to fight the “past century”, its norms, ideals, and life position. 5. Depicting in the comedy "Woe from Wit" the socio-political struggle of the conservative and progressive camps, the social characters, customs and life of Moscow, Griboyedov reproduces the situation of the entire country. "Woe from Wit" is a mirror of feudal-serf Russia with its social contradictions, the struggle of the outgoing world and the new one, designed to win. A. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" is an expression of the ideas of the first stage of the Russian liberation movement.

The problem of mind and madness has been relevant at all times. Clever, progressive people of their time often remained misunderstood by their contemporaries and were declared insane. This is how society reacted to ideas that were contrary to the generally accepted ideas that were preached by the progressive people of their time. It is no coincidence that Griboyedov touches on this problem in his work. His comedy "Woe from Wit", written before the December uprising, tells about the advanced mind and the reaction of society to it. The original title of the comedy was "Woe to the Wit", then the author replaced it with Woe from Wit. The main character, Chatsky, has not yet appeared in Famusov's house, but the idea of ​​insanity is already hovering there, associated with a negative attitude towards education and enlightenment. So, Famusov says: "And there is little use in reading." Later, all the characters in the comedy will speak out on this matter, each will put forward his own version of Chatsky's madness, but the whole society will come to one conclusion: "Learning is the plague, learning is the reason." The Famus society will get rid of Chatsky, declaring him insane, not accepting accusatory speeches that stigmatize their way of life, and will choose gossip as a weapon. Famusov, as a typical representative of his society, has his own opinion about the mind and smart person... For him, an intelligent person is a practical, worldly wise person. Although he does not refuse Chatsky in his mind, he nevertheless considers Skalozub to be a more suitable party for Sophia: "A solid man and signs of darkness picked up distinctions, beyond his years and an enviable rank, not today tomorrow a general." In a conversation with Skalozub, the Moscow gentleman talks about the danger that comes from such clever people as Chatsky. In addition, Chatsky misuses the knowledge gained. Everything should be aimed at achieving ranks, at observing traditions, they should live like “as the fathers did”. Famusov puts forward his ideal of an intelligent person. In his opinion, this is Maksim Petrovich, who has achieved great ranks and a high position in society thanks to his practical mind, the ability to “bend over” when it was necessary to “serve up”. Famusov himself did not reach such heights, and therefore curses up with the princes Tugoukhovsky and Skalozub. Molchalin, Famusov's secretary, also embodies the practical mind. This was noticed by Chatsky: Molchalin! - Who else will settle everything so peacefully! There the pug will pet in time! Here in time to rub the card! By nature, Molchalin is a petty person, striving by any means to achieve the cherished goal in life, the meaning of which boils down to "taking awards and having fun." In his practice, he follows the behests of his father - "to please all people without exception", but at the same time he believes that "in his years he should not dare to have his own judgment", since "he is small in ranks." He loves Sophia “according to her position,” and calms the angry Khlestova with a game of cards. According to Chatsky, Molchalin "will reach the degrees of the known, because nowadays they love the dumb." Chatsky is the complete opposite of Molchalin, despite the fact that they are both young. The hero has an ardent, passionate nature. He is ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of his ideals, filled with civic meaning. He wants to serve "the cause, not the persons." For Chatsky, mind and truth, truth and honor are the main life values... The hero opposes the upbringing adopted in Famus society, when they strive to “recruit teachers from the regiment, in more numbers, at a cheaper price”. He is not alien to patriotic feelings, which is why he is irritated by the “blind imitation” of everything foreign. Chatsky expresses his thoughts in accusatory speeches directed against the foundations of Famus society. His monologues, oratorical in style, testify to the education and enlightenment of the protagonist, which is why there are so many aphorisms in them. Chatsky's mind is the mind of an advanced person, this is the reason that an inert society does not accept his views and ideas, since they contradict the way of life of the old Moscow nobility. Chatsky's love for Sophia is not accidental, because she also has a mind. But Sophia's mind is practical. Sophia, as a typical girl of her time and class, draws her mind from French sentimental novels, so she chooses Molchalin as her lover, in order to later make him a “husband-boy, husband-servant”. She is guided by worldly wisdom, because she is the daughter of her father. In the comedy, there is another type of mind that we can see in the maid in Lisa Famusov's house. As the second resonator in comedy, she expresses author's position, therefore, it is from her lips that we hear the characteristics of various characters: "Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp, like Alexander Andreich Chatsky," "Like everyone in Moscow, your father is like this: he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks" and so Further. Undoubtedly, Lisa has a natural mind and worldly wisdom of a commoner, she is resourceful, cunning, but at the same time loyal to her mistress. Thus, in the comedy "Woe from Wit" various types of mind are presented, ranging from the worldly wise to the advanced, progressive mind... But famus society does not accept the advanced mind, rejects it, declaring Chatsky a social madman and forcing him to leave Moscow.

Lecture, abstract. Problems and ideological meaning comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - concept and types. Classification, essence and features.

The problem of mind and madness has been relevant at all times. Clever, progressive people of their time often remained misunderstood by their contemporaries and were declared insane. This is how society reacted to ideas that were contrary to the generally accepted, ideas that were preached by the progressive people of their time.
It is no coincidence that Griboyedov touches upon this problem in his work. His comedy "Woe from Wit", written before the December uprising, tells about the advanced mind and the reaction of society to it. The original title of the comedy was "Woe to the Wit", then the author replaced it with Woe from Wit.
The main character Chatsky has not yet appeared in Famusov's house, but the idea of ​​insanity is already hovering there, associated with a negative attitude towards education and enlightenment. So, Famusov says: "And there is little good in reading." Later, all the characters in the comedy will speak out on this matter, each will put forward his own version of Chatsky's madness, but the whole society will come to one conclusion: "Learning is the plague, learning is the reason." The Famus society will get rid of Chatsky, declaring him insane, not accepting accusatory speeches that stigmatize their way of life, and will choose gossip as a weapon.
Famusov, as a typical representative of his society, has his own
opinion of the mind and intelligent person. For him, an intelligent person is a practical, worldly wise person. Although he does not refuse Chatsky in his mind, he nevertheless considers Skalozub to be a more suitable party for Sophia: "A solid man and signs of darkness picked up distinctions, beyond his years and an enviable rank, not today tomorrow a general." In a conversation with Skalozub, the Moscow gentleman talks about the danger that comes from such clever people as Chatsky. In addition, Chatsky misuses the knowledge gained. Everything should be aimed at achieving ranks, observing traditions; they should live like “as the fathers did”. Famusov puts forward his ideal of an intelligent person. In his opinion, this is Maksim Petrovich, who has achieved great ranks and a high position in society thanks to his practical mind, the ability to “bend over” when it was necessary to “serve as a favor”. Famusov himself did not reach such heights, and therefore curses up with the princes Tugoukhovsky and Skalozub.
Molchalin, Famusov's secretary, also embodies the practical mind. This was noticed by Chatsky:
Molchalin! - Who else will settle everything so peacefully!
There the pug will stroke it in time!
Here in time to rub the card!
By nature, Molchalin is a petty person, striving by any means to achieve the cherished goal in life, the meaning of which boils down to "taking awards and having fun." In his practice, he follows the behests of his father - "to please all people without exception", but at the same time he believes that "in his years he should not dare to have his own judgment", since "in ranks he is small." He loves Sophia “according to her position,” and calms the angry Khlestova with a game of cards. According to Chatsky, Molchalin "will reach the degrees of the known, because nowadays they love the dumb."
Chatsky is the complete opposite Molchalin, despite the fact that they are both young. The hero has an ardent, passionate nature. He is ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of his ideals, filled with civic meaning. He wants to serve "the cause, not the persons." For Chatsky, mind and truth, truth and honor are the main values ​​in life. The hero opposes the upbringing adopted in Famus society, when they strive to “recruit teachers from the regiment, in more numbers, at a cheaper price”. He is not alien to patriotic feelings, which is why he is irritated by the “blind imitation” of everything foreign. Chatsky expresses his thoughts in accusatory speeches directed against the foundations of Famus society. His monologues, oratorical in style, testify to the education and enlightenment of the protagonist, which is why there are so many aphorisms in them. Chatsky's mind is the mind of an advanced person, this is the reason that an inert society does not accept his views and ideas, since they contradict the way of life of the old Moscow nobility.
Chatsky's love for Sophia is not accidental, because she also has a mind. But Sophia's mind is practical. Sophia, as a typical girl of her time and class, draws her mind from French sentimental novels, so she chooses Molchalin as her lover, in order to later make him a “husband-boy, husband-servant”. She is guided by this worldly wisdom, because she is the daughter of her father.
In the comedy, there is another type of mind that we can see in the maid in Lisa Famusov's house. As the second resonator in comedy, she expresses the author's position, therefore it is from her lips that we hear the characteristics of various characters: “Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp, like Alexander Andreich Chatsky”, “Like everyone in Moscow, your father is like this: I would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks, ”and so on. Undoubtedly, Lisa has the natural mind and worldly wisdom of a commoner, she is resourceful, cunning, but at the same time loyal to her mistress.
Thus, in the comedy "Woe from Wit" various types of mind are presented, ranging from the worldly wise to the advanced, progressive mind. But the Famus society does not accept an advanced mind, rejects it, declaring Chatsky a social madman and forcing him to leave Moscow.

Without being officially published, the comedy "Woe From Wit" becomes one of the most popular works in Russia, and above all in the circle of the Decembrists It was not at all accidental: problematic comedy fully met the ideological and moral aspirations of the Decembrists. Griboyedov did not become a member of the secret society of the Decembrists, although he was very sympathetic to many Decembrist ideas and was also opposed to the government. It is no coincidence that the Decembrists highly appreciated the accusatory pathos of comedy and perceived it as a poetic declaration of the ideas of Decembrism. However, the special quality of Griboyedov's comedy turned out to be that the depth of its content became more and more tangible with the passage of time. On the one hand, the comedy was illuminated by the tragic gleam of the Decembrist uprising and revealed the fundamental depth of the concrete historical conflict. In the collision of the ardent lover of truth, Chatsky, with the Famusian world, an abyss became obvious that separated the democratically-minded intelligentsia from the bulk of the serf nobility. Griboyedov's comedy became a vivid artistic document of the Decembrism era. Thus, the plot basis of "Woe from Wit" is a conflict that expresses the main content of its time - the clash of the "present century" and the "past century".

the main idea of ​​the comedy "Woe from Wit" - revolutionary : exposure of obscurantism, abolition of serfdom, honor in mind, freedom of the individual. Griboyedov himself was realized in this great idea, therefore the great Russian poet took off his hat in front of the dead Griboyedov. At this moment, Pushkin bowed before the future freedom of our Fatherland!

As a truly great national and folk writer, Griboyedov posed and resolved in his work the main, most important issues related to the life and fate of the Russian people. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" played an outstanding role in the social, political and moral education of several generations of Russian people. She armed them to fight against violence and arbitrariness, meanness and ignorance in the name of freedom and reason, in the name of the triumph of advanced ideas and genuine culture.

The brilliant mind of the author of the work, embodied in Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, the protagonist of comedies, is merciless to the stupid and overweight inhabitants of the Moscow "world", mired in lazy idleness and nostalgia. education, humanism. Its representative is Chatsky, who for the first time in our literature challenged the society of serf-owners and conservatives.

The action of Griboyedov's play is developing rapidly. Choosing for the plot .classic "love triangle" and retaining the traditional form of comedy (the action takes place in one place - the Famusov mansion for one day. and the circle actors constant). Griboyedov immediately lets us know: personal intrigue gives way to a conflict of a different kind - social. Nevertheless, Sophia's "secret" is revealed to Chatsky only in the finale, until which he still hopes for something. Who knows, had it not been for this hope, he would have come into collision with Famusov. Skalozubom and the like. Would you say what he thinks of them? .. But he did it. His monologues, it is true, are still warnings, they are still only words, but what words!

The conflict develops all the more interesting because at first glance, a purely external trifle (the reply of an irritated Sophia is a typical reaction of a spoiled creature) is immediately picked up by others and blown up to social dimensions... Chatsky's madness is convenient, beneficial to society, because it gives its representatives some chance to justify themselves. "Dangerous dreamers" like Chatsky are too unceremonious to tear off the masks of hypocritical well-being. And now Famusov is no longer. venerable official and loving father, not a hospitable and hospitable owner, but a ruthless serf-owner, an enemy of enlightenment. The owner of the brilliant colonel's uniform, Skalozub, is a stupid soldier, the "witts" Repetilov is an idle talker, and Zagoretsky, who is always needed by everyone, is an arrogant swindler. And around them - crowds of ghosts like the countess-grandmother and the princes of Tugoukhovsky ...

Griboyedov idealizes his hero, whose sincere monologues are somewhat long, and their wit rather frightens than convinces the audience gathered at Famusov's. But after all, Chatsky's words were actually heard in our literature for the first time! And not just boldly, hotly, but cleverly, deeply

At all times there were, are and. probably there will be their own Griboedovs, Chatskys. Wazir-Mukhtars, who, primarily due to their brilliant and far-sighted mind, become prophets in their homeland. As a rule, this violates the established social order, the "natural" course of things, and society enters into conflict with the individual.

In the comedy Woe From Wit, the writer reflects the collision of two camps: young Russia, presented by Chatsky and the camp cruel serfs presented by Famusov, Skalozub, Khlestova, Molchalin and others. This conflict is not an artistic invention of the author of the work, he shows in the play a generation of future Decembrists who are imbued with love for their homeland and for the people, they are revolutionaries who are fighting moral violence against individuals. In the work, Chatsky opposes this. He is the son of a late friend Famusov, grew up in his house, was brought up and studied with Sophia. Chatsky is an educated man, engaged in literary work: "He writes gloriously, translates," military service, had connections with ministers, was abroad for three years, this enriched him with new views, broadened his horizons, but did not make him a fan of everything foreign. The struggle between Chatsky and Famus society is becoming more and more fierce, it turns into Chatsky's personal drama, the collapse of his hopes for personal happiness. If Famusov is the defender of the old century, the time of serfdom, then Chatsky indignantly speaks about serf owners, about serfdom. In a monologue "Who are the judges?" he angrily speaks out against the order of the Catherine age, dear to Famusov's heart, Chatsky's ideal is not Maxim Petrovich, an arrogant nobleman and a independent, free personality ... For Famusov, Skalozub is the ideal, considering service as a source of personal benefits. Chatsky, on the other hand, breaks off ties with the ministers, leaves the service, because he wants to serve the Motherland, and not serve the authorities. "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve!" he says. Chatsky - for the development of Russian culture. He himself "looked for the mind" during his stay in the West, but he is against empty, meaningless, blind imitation of foreigners. Chatsky defends freedom of speech, thought, he believes that everyone has the right to express their opinion. In the comedy, Chatsky is forced to fight himself. But among the non-stage images, like-minded people who share his views are mentioned. The comedy does not end with Chatsky's defeat, although he is declared insane, readers do not get the impression that he is defeated. He leaves Moscow to join the members secret society to continue the struggle for the liberation of the people from serfdom.

The problem of the mind in the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" is key. The name itself bears witness to this. Speaking about comedy, its subject matter and imaginative system, the problem of mind and insanity has been relevant at all times. Clever, progressive people of their time were declared insane and often remained misunderstood by their contemporaries. Ideas that went against the generally accepted and preached by the progressive people of our time were persecuted. It is no coincidence that Griboyedov touches on this problem in his work. The comedy "Woe from Wit" was written before the December uprising and tells about the reaction of society to the emergence of an advanced mind in Russia. The original title of the comedy was "Woe to the Wit", then the author replaced it with Woe from Wit. Woe from wit "makes us think about whether Chatsky needs a mind at all in such an environment, and we understand that this mind is bad for the hero himself. That is, the problem becomes two-sided. But in fact, the" grief "from Chatsky's mind is not only for him but also to Famusov's society. Education and enlightenment inflict an irreparable blow on old Moscow. We see that Chatsky alone quite frightened everyone present at the evening at Famusov's, and only by their number they were able to oust the "foreign body" from their circle. , like Chatsky, there will be many, then the Famus society will suffer a final and crushing defeat. highly educated people, like Chatsky, and Famus society looks like something deathly pale and withering away in its attempts to resist this. 44 The image of Chatsky citizen patriot

The time of the creation of the comedy "Woe from Wit" fell on crucial moment in the history of our country. After Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, the young generation of nobles who participated in this war saw that the defeated peoples of Europe were in a better position than the Russian people. It became clear that Russia needed urgent reforms, and as a result, various secret societies of future Decembrists began to arise. Griboyedov knew all these attitudes of youth and understood the need for reforms. And it was this theme of the confrontation between the "present century" and the "past century" that formed the basis of the comedy "Woe from Wit". The main character of the play is Alexander Chatsky. In his image, the writer embodied the features of an advanced man of that time, the features of the Decembrists from the circle of Griboyedov's acquaintances. Chatsky is a man of new views, a real citizen and a patriot. He is an enlightened person, striving for freedom and self-improvement. He is distinguished by such features as love for his people, criticism of serfdom, patriotism. Chatsky refuses to serve the state, saying: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve," and seeing in the service only servility, honor and sycophancy. However, Chatsky is not alone in his desire for change! In his monologues, he uses the pronoun "we", thereby emphasizing that there are many people like him. Indeed, Princess Tugoukhovskaya recalls her nephew, who, one might say, followed in the footsteps of Chatsky: Therefore, we still have the hope that Russia will nevertheless come to some positive changes. Chatsky defends his views, entering into a dispute with the whole society, and not with its individual representatives. He is a fighter calling for the reign of justice, the abolition of serfdom and the destruction of the patriarchal way of life. Chatsky always speaks clearly, ardently and passionately, and his monologues show the absolute irreconcilability of the positions of two hostile parties: "the present century" and "the past century". Chatsky is convinced that he is right and does not need the support or approval of others. He is simply trying to convey to people the essence and the need for reforms in their lives. Therefore, we can say for sure that Chatsky embodies the thoughts and ideas that were inherent in the progressive people of that time - the Decembrists.

The main thing is those public relations that existed in Russia. Serfdom was hated by every free-thinking person. Chatsky is portrayed in the comedy not just as a "desert sower of freedom", but as a future Decembrist: With anger and pain he denounces ardent serf-owners in his monologues Chatsky - a humanist, defender of freedom and individual independence. He is especially angry at the landlord's mockery of the personality of the peasant: Chatsky loves people , calls him "kind and smart", hence his suffering about the fate of the people. Chatsky's vices especially make him suffer. This society slows down everything that is advanced, blocks its path to the people. They especially hate enlightenment: The fact that society violently resists the influence of noble ideas strikes at the philosophy of Chatsky and adds torment to him. These people see the ideal in the army. This is a product of the era of Arakcheev, who saw in the army a stronghold of serfdom. Serfdom and the throne are held on the puffers, which is why they are so dear to the famus and hated by Chatsky. Admiration is also caused by a foreigner's tailcoat, which is also painful to see Chatsky. Chatsky opposes "empty, slavish, blind imitation." But when Chatsky says these words, everyone is convinced that he is crazy. The image of Chatsky is the image of a citizen in the highest sense of the word. Chatsky opposes the slave morality of the Famus and the silent honor and duty ; he is ready to serve the Motherland, its interests ... "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve"... This is also the suffering of the hero. High awareness of duty - the bright side of Chatsky's personality. The tragic collision between duty and feeling tragically cuts off everything in Chatsky's soul.

He does not tolerate lies and injustice. Therefore, Alexander Andreevich sees his duty and life calling in serving the Motherland. He is outraged by the traditions that have formed in high society in these times. He does not like servility, he prefers “to serve the cause, not the people,” he does not mix “fun or tomfoolery with the deed”. All this is not to Chatsky's liking, so he angrily denounces the “noble scoundrels” (Famus society). Griboyedov, through the image of Chatsky, wanted to show how he represents a true patriot of the Motherland. A man who has the courage to condemn high society, to oppose the king and serfdom. The protagonist understands the danger of his too sincere speeches, but he never backs down from the work he has begun. He knows exactly what he is fighting for and what is his goal in life. He is not lost in his speeches and actions. Chatsky fought for better changes in the life of ordinary Russian people, for free life, independent of the "noble villains", which are characterized by servility, sycophancy, hypocrisy and meanness. the image of Chatsky is intertwined with the very image of Griboyedov. He is also brave and brave, he is smart, he does not like the political structure of the country, so he boldly enters the battle for the future of his homeland. There are few such people among the “Famusian society” that was formed at that time. These are only a few people. The only thing that kept Chatsky in Famusov's house was his love for Sophia. After he realized that there were no mutual feelings between them, he decided to leave Moscow forever ... Chatsky chose the word with his weapon. What precise, well-aimed and merciless descriptions he gives to the Moscow rich: "their enmity is irreconcilable to a free life," "... they are rich in robbery," "... are poured into feasts and extravagance!" In accusatory monologues, Chatsky rises to high civic pathos. The hero is convinced that it is necessary to judge people not by their position and wealth, but by their business and moral qualities. Because of this, Chatsky is hated by society as new person... And society takes its own measures to render it harmless - slanders against it. Will it reconcile itself to the condemnation of Chatsky's system of education, when young people despise their people, national culture? He puts all the passion of his soul into exposing "empty, slavish, blind imitation." Chatsky dared to "publicly announce" his sound thoughts, but such and such people are hated in society, calling them "dangerous dreamers," crazy. And wouldn't that be how you would have treated Chatsky if cm were among our contemporaries? Until recently, all dissidents were declared insane, hid in psychiatric hospitals, expelled from the country, and imprisoned. Chatsky's grief is not only from wit, but also from love. He found out that Sophia did not love him. But this grief can be lived through. If Sophia fell in love with another Chatsky, Alexander Andreich would certainly be hard and painful, but he would have survived. The greatest suffering is caused to Chatsky by the fact that it was Molchalin who was able to become the hero of Sophia. This is where the tragedy lies. It is terrible that Sophia is in the crowd of tormentors, among those who persecute and curse. Chatsky realized that he was surrounded by enemies, and no one, even his beloved girl, understood him. How many examples of such dramas can be seen today! After all, even now "the taciturns are blissful in the world," they are loved because they know how to please everyone. For us today, Chatsky remains primarily a Russian person who has realized not only his national pride, but also the high moral tasks of a citizen. The time of Griboyedov is an era far from us, but the bold struggle of the patriot Chatsky against everything backward, vulgar and low in man and society evokes the sympathy and sympathy of the modern reader and viewer. Griboyedov's comedy helps our fight against groveling before everything foreign, against such social phenomena as careerism, money-grubbing, sycophancy / bureaucracy, servility, reminds of high moral concepts and goals worthy of a Russian person.