Foreign composers of the 19th century and their works. Great Classic Composers: List of the best

Among these melodies there will be a motive for any mood: romantic, positive or dreary to relax and do not think about or, on the contrary, to get together with thoughts.

twitter.com/ludovicoeinaud.

The Italian composer and pianist runs in the direction of minimalism, often refers to the ambient and skillfully combines the classics with other musical styles. With a wide range, it is known for atmospheric compositions, which have become soundtracks for films. For example, you will probably learn music from the French tape "1 + 1", written by Eineta.

Themagger.net.

Glass is one of the most controversial personalities in the world of modern classics, which they are raised to heaven, they criticize in the fluff and dust. He is half a century playing in his own group Philip Glass Ensemble and wrote music to more than 50 film holders, including Trukovna Show, Illusionist, "Taste of Life" and "Fantastic Fourteen". The melodies of the American composer-minimalist erase the line between classical and popular music.

Latimes.com.

The author of the set of soundtracks, the best film composite of 2008 according to the European Film Academy and the postmimist. Conquered critics from the first Memoryhouse album, in which the music of Richter was imposed on the reading of poetry, and in subsequent albums used artistic prose. In addition to writing their own ambient compositions, arrangements of the classics: "Seasons" Vivaldi in his processing was headed by the charts of classical iTunes music.

This creator of instrumental music from Italy is not related to the sensational cinema, but without that is known as the composer, a virtuoso and an experienced lecturer playing the piano. If you describe the music of Marrei in two words, then it will be the words "sensually" and "magnificent." His creations and cavities will like those who love retro-classics: in motifs are notes of the last century.

Twitter.com/coslive.

The famous film composite created musical accompaniment for a variety of cash films and cartoons, including "Gladiator", Pearl-Harbor, Beginning, Sherlock Holmes, InterStellar, Madagascar, King Lion. His star is banging on the Hollywood "Alley of Glory", and on his shelf there are "Oscar", "Grammy" and "Golden Globe". The music of the Tsimmer is as different as these films, but regardless of the tonality it takes for the living.

musicaludi.fr.

Hisaisi is one of the most famous Japanese composers, which received four awards of the Japanese Film Academy for the best music for the film. He became famous thanks to the writing of the soundtrack to Anime Hayao Miyazaki "Wrong from the Valley of the Winds". If you are a fan of the creations of the studio "Gibbles" or Takeshi Takeshi Kitano, then surely admire the music of Hisaisi. It is mostly easy and light.

twitter.com/theipaper

This Icelandic multi-instrumentist is just a boy compared to the listed masters, but he managed to become a recognized neoclassic. Recorded accompaniment to the ballet, received the BAFTA premium for the soundtrack to the British TV series "Murder on the beach" and released 10 studio albums. Arnald's music resembles a harsh wind on the deserted sea shore.

Yiruma.manifo.com

The most famous works of Lee RA Ma - Kiss The Rain and River Flows in You. Korean New Age-composer and pianist writes a popular classic, who understands the listener on any continent, with any musical taste and education. His lungs and sensual melodies for many have become the beginning of love for piano music.

Dustin O'Helloran

fracturedair.com.

The American composer is interesting what does not have musical education, but at the same time he writes a pleasant and fairly popular music. O'Helloran melodies were used in Top Gear and several films. Perhaps the most successful album of the soundtracks turned to the melodrama "like crazy". This composer and pianist knows the lot and in the art of conducting, and in how to create electronic music. But his main field is a modern classic. Kacchaplya recorded many albums, three of them with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. His music is pouring like water, it will be great to relax.

What other contemporary composers should listen

If you like Epic, add to your playlist Claus Pault, together with a zimmer who worked on the "Pirates of the Caribbean". Yana Kachmarkarek, Alexander Despl, Howard Shira and John Williams - need to write separate material to list all their work, merit and rewards to list all their work, merit and rewards.

If you want to still be delicious neoclassic, pay attention to Niels Frama and Silvena Sovo.

If you are not enough, remember the creator of the soundtrack to "Amelie" Yana Tiersena or discover the Japanese composer TEMMMON: he writes air, fabulous melodies.

What kind of composers do you like, and what no? Who else would you add to this list?

At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, various artistic directions coexisted in European culture. Some developed the traditions of the XIX century, others arose as a result of creative searches for modern masters. Late romanticism became the most significant phenomenon of musical art. His representatives distinguished increased interest in symphonic music and the ambitious scale of the work. For its works, composers created complex philosophical programs. Many composers sought in their work to continue the romantic traditions of the past, for example, S.V. Rachmaninov (1873-1943), Richard Strauss (1864-1949). I would like to dwell on these two representatives of the late romantic style.

Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov

Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninov - Russian composer, pianist and conductor.

4 concerts, "Rhapsody on Paganini" (1934) for piano with orchestra, preludes, etudes-paintings for piano, 3 symphonies (1895-1936), Fantasy "Rock" (1893), the poem "Dead Island" (1909), "Symphonic dances" (1940) for the orchestra, cantata "Spring" (1902), the poem "Bell" (1913) for choir and orchestra, Opera "Aleko" (1892), "Surround Knight", "Francesca Ya Rimini" (both 1904), romances.

In the work of Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov, the composer and pianist-virtuoso - the traditions of Russian and European art harmoniously connected. For most musicians and students of the composition of Rakhmaninov - an artistic symbol of Russia. In the work of Sergei Rakhmaninov with a special force embodied the theme of the Motherland. Romantic pathos is combined in his music with lyric-contemplative sentiments, inexhaustible melodic wealth, latitude and freedom of breathing - with rhythmic energy. Music Rachmaninova is an important part of the late romanticism of Europe. After 1917, Rachmaninov was forced to live abroad - in Switzerland and the United States. His composer and especially performing activities have become a phenomenon without which it is impossible to imagine the cultural life of the West 20-40. XX century.

Rakhmaninov's legacy includes operas and symphones, chamber-vocal and choral music, but most of all the composer wrote for piano. He was in powerful, monumental virtuosity, sought to like piano on the wealth of paints with a symphonic orchestra.

Creativity Rachmaninova connects different era and culture. It allows Russian musicians to feel his deep connection with European traditions, and for the musicians of the West Rachmaninov opens Russia - shows her genuine spiritual wealth.

Richard Strauss

Richard Strauss - the German Composer of the Age of Late Romanticism, was particularly famous for his symphony poems and operations. Was also an outstanding conductor.

The style of Richard Strauss had a serious impact of the work of Chopin, Shuman, Mendelssohn. Under the influence of Music Richard Wagner, Strauss turned to the opera. The first essay of this kind is "Guntram" (1893). This is a romantic work; His musical language is easy, melodies are beautiful and planar.

Since 1900, Opera has become the leading genre in the works of Richard Straus. The works of the composer distinguishes simplicity and clarity of the music language, the author used household dance genres in them.

Strauss's creative activity lasted more than seventy years. Said the composer as a late romantic, then came to expressionism and, finally, turned to neoclassicism.

Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin

He from infancy stretched to the sounds of the piano. And at three years, it was already watching the tool for hours, belonging to him as a living being. After graduating from the Moscow Conservatory, Alexander began to give concerts and teach, but the desire for composer activity was stronger. He begins to compose and his works are immediately included in the repertoire of other pianists.

"Art should be festive," he said, "it should raise, chant." And in fact, the music turned out to be so bold, new and unusual that the execution of his "Second Symphony" March 21, 1903 in Moscow turned into a natural scandal. Someone admired, someone soiled and whistled ... But Scriabin did not embarrass: he felt a Messiah, a provisional of a new religion - art. He believed in his transformative force. He thought fashionable then by a planetary scale. The mystical philosophy of Scriabin was reflected in his musical language, especially in innovative harmony, far-leaving the borders of the traditional tonality.

Scriabin dreamed of a new synthetic genre, where not only sounds and colors are alive, but also smells and dance plastic. But the idea remained unfinished. Scriabin died in Moscow 14 (27) April 1915. His life, the life of the genius, was short and bright.

Sergey Prokofiev

Sergey Prokofiev - Russian and Soviet composer, one of the most famous composers of the 20th century.

The definition of the "composer" was for Prokofiev, naturally, like a man.

In the music of Prokofiev, Typically Prokofievsky is acutely disseminating harmony, spring rhythm, deliberately dry, bold motion. Criticism reacted instantly: "The young author, who has not yet finished his artistic education, belonging to the extreme direction of modernists, comes in his courage much further than modern French."

Many contemporaries of young Prokofyev and even researchers of his creativity swallowed in his music "lyrical stream", made through the sarcastic, grotesk, sarcastic images, through deliberately coarsely, heavy rhythms. And there are many of them, these lyrical, shy intonations in the piano cycles of the "Peter's" and Sarkazma, in the side of the first part of the second sonata, in the romance to the poems of Balmont, Apukhtina, Akhmatova.

About Prokofiev can be said: the Great Musician found his place and among the great converters of life.

Miliya Balakirev

Mili Balakirev - Russian Composer, Pianist, Conductor (1836/37-1910)

"Mighty hand" was formed - a community of like-minded people, a strikingly many granted Russian music.

The leadership of Balakirev in the circle contributed to his impeccable taste, a clear analytical mind and knowledge of a huge amount of musical material. The moods reigned in the circle, which expressed one of the critics of that time: "Music can roll the mountains." Natura Balakirev was very energetic and charming. In a circle, he quickly assumed the role of the organizer.

He treated the mug as a kind of creativity: worked, "affecting" on young composers. Of these, he folded the future musical palette of Russia.

Gradually, the thought of a free music school came to Balakirev.

In 1862, the free music school opened and gave the first concert. Balakirev performed as a conductor of the symphony orchestra.

They themselves were written a lot, but he did not experience creative satisfaction from the created. As Caesar Kyui wrote, "he said that he herself said that only what we wrote under his wing was good."

Glazunov Alexander Konstantinovich

Alexander Glazunov - Russian and Soviet composer (1865-1936)

Glazunov is one of the largest Russian composers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The successor of the traditions of the mighty bunch and Tchaikovsky, he connected in the work of the lyric-epic and lyrical and dramatic branch of Russian music. In the creative heritage of Glazunov, one of the main places belongs to the symphonic music of different genres. It reflected the heroic images of the Russian epic, the pictures of the native nature, the Russian reality, the song of Slavic and eastern peoples. The works of Glazunov are distinguished by the relief of musical topics, the complete and clear sound of the orchestra, the wide use of polyphonic techniques (used the simultaneous sound of various topics, the combination of simulation and variational development). A concert for violin with orchestra (1904) also owns the best works of Glazunov (1904).

Glazunov's contribution to chamber-instrumental music is essential, as well as a ballet genre ("Raymond. 1897. et al.). Following the traditions of Tchaikovsky, Glazunov deepened the role of music in ballet, enriching its content. Glazunov belongs to the processing of Russian, Czech, Greek hymns and songs. Completed together with the Roman-Korsakov opera "Prince Igor", the 1st part of the 3rd Symphony of Borodin recorded the 1st part of the 3rd Symphony of Borodin. Participated in preparing for printing works M. I. Glinka. Orchestrated "Marcelesu" (1917), a number of works of Russian and foreign composers.

Nikolay Yakovlevich Meskovsky

Nikolai Meskovsky - Russian and Soviet composer (1881-1950).

Together with Prokofiev and Stravinsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich Meskovsky was among those composers, which reflected the mood of the creative intelligentsia of Russia of the pre-revolutionary period. They entered the afternoon Russia on the rights of old specialists, and, seeing terror around them, directed against them like, and could not get rid of the sense of commissionality. However, they honestly (or almost honestly) worked, reflecting the reality surrounding them.

The press of that time wrote: "The twenty-seventh symphony is an essay of the Soviet artist. You do not forget about it for a minute. " He is considered the head of the Soviet Symphony School. Music works of Meskovsky reflect their time, he wrote 27 symphonies, 13 quartets, 9 piano sonatas and other works, many of which became in Soviet music. For the composer, the merger of intellectual and emotional began. Music of the meskovsky is originally noted by the concentration of thought and at the same time - the slope of passions. In our time, it is possible in different ways to treat the work of N. Mäskovsky, but, undoubtedly, twenty-seven of his symphonies very fully reflected the life of the Soviet era.

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov - Russian Composer (1844-1908)

The creativity of the great composer N. Rimsky-Korsakov, almost completely belonging to the XIX century, as if the needle's edge believes in the 20th century: he lived on eight years and worked in this century. The composer as if the bridge connects two centuries of world music. The figure of Rimsky-Korsakov is also interesting because he was essentially self-taught.

George Vasilyevich Sviridov

George Vasilyevich Sviridov - Soviet composer, pianist (1915-1998).

Music George Sviridov due to its simplicity is easy to distinguish from the works of other composers. But this simplicity is rather akin to laconism. Music Sviridova has unpreriatitious expressiveness, but it is expressive in essence, and not in shape, overlapping various sorts of delights. It is inherent in a rich inner world, her genuine emotions are restrained ... Music Sviridova is easy for understanding, which means internationally, but at the same time deeply patriotic, since the topic of the Motherland passes through it with a red thread. G. Sviridov, according to his teacher D. Shostakovich, "not tired to invent a new musical language", look for "new visual means". Therefore, it is considered one of the most interesting authors of the 20th century.

Often, G. Sviridov walked by a composer, whose vocal works are difficult for execution. In his creative stares, the music was copied to decades, who was waiting for his performers. The traditional performing manner for music Sviridov was often not suitable; The composer himself said that the novelty and the complexity of his vocal music are associated with the fact that the speech itself is constantly being improved. In this regard, he recalled old, once famous and fashionable actors and poets at one time. "Today," the Sviridov argued, "they will not produce such a strong impression." Speech will seem to us that the manner, then the boiled, then too simple. Poet Igor Northernian was written and on imagery, and according to the dictionary reserve, and now is perceived as something museum. " New peculiarities often prevented singers, but in this direction, according to Sviridov, should have been working.

Perhaps, no one before Sviridov did so much for the development and enrichment of vocal genres - the oratoria, cantata, choir, romance ... This puts forward G. Sviridov, among the leading composers not only in Russian, but also a global scale.

Stravinsky Igor Fedorovich

Stravinsky Igor Fedorovich - Russian composer, conductor (1882-1971).

Stravinsky spent most of the life out of Russia, but never ceased to be a Russian composer. He scolded inspiration in Russian culture and Russian. And he gained genuine world glory. The name of Stravinsky was and remains for hearing even those who are not interested in music. In the world history of the musical culture of the 20th century, he entered as a great master of the compounds of musical traditions of modernity and gray antiquity.

The compositions of Stravinsky were watched by the established framework, changed the attitude towards folklore. They helped to understand how the folk song, perceived through the prism of modernity, comes to life in the hands of the composer. Thanks to such composers, as Stravinsky, at the end of the 20th century, the prestige of folklore rose and the development of ethno-music was developed.

In total, the composer has written eight orchestral scorer for the ballet theater: "Fire-bird", "Parsley", "Spring sacred", "Apollo Musaghet", "Fairy Kiss", "game card", "Orpheus", "Agon". He also created three ballet works with singing: "Bike", "Pulcinell", "Wedding".

Taneyev Sergey Ivanovich

romanticism musical impressionism

Taneev Sergey Ivanovich - Russian composer, pianist, teacher (1856-1915).

The name of this great musician and the teacher is now rarely mentioned, but with a more close review, it is assumed to themselves true respect. He did not famous as a composer, but he devoted his whole life in the Moscow Conservatory, educated such indisputable outstanding musicians as S. Rakhmaninov, A. Scriabin, N. Metpener, R. Gliere, K. Igumnov and others. P. Tchaikovsky's student, S. Taneyev created a whole school, which was distinguished by Russian and Soviet composers from composers around the world. All his students continued the traditions of Taneevsky Simphonism. Many famous people of the turn of the XIX and XX centuries, as, for example, Lion Tolstoy, called him their friend and were honored to communicate with him.

Taneyev can be compared with Socrates, which, without writing serious philosophical writings, left behind numerous disciples.

Taneyev developed many musical theories, created a unique work "Moving counterpoint of a strict letter" (1889-1906) and its continuation of the "doctrine of canon" (end 90s-X-1915). Every artist, giving life to art, dreams that his name is not forgotten by descendants. In recent years, Taneev has greatly worried that there is little wrote works that were born to inspiration, although he wrote a lot and intensively. From 1905 to 1915, he wrote several choral and vocal cycles, chamber-tools.

Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich

Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich - Soviet composer, pianist (1906-1975).

Shostakovich, no doubt, was and remains the greatest composer of the 20th century. Contemporaries, who knew him close, argued that he argued something like this: why to climb on the dog, if the descendants still know about you on musical works? Shostakovich did not exacerbate relations with the authorities. But in music, he protested against violence against the person.

He wrote symphony number 7 (dedicated to the blockade of Leningrad).

Shostakovich saw with his own eyes: how people die as airplanes fly, bombs, tried in their work "Symphony number 7" to reflect all those events that people experienced.

Performed with the symphony of the Great Symphony Orchestra of Leningrad Radio Comit. In the days of the blockade, many musicians died of hunger. Rehearsals were rolled in December. When they resumed in March, only 15 weakened musicians could play. Despite this, the concerts began in April. In May, the plane delivered a sophonian score in the besieged city. To replenish the number of orchestra, the missing musicians were sent from the front.

The fascist invasion of Shostakovich responded with Symphony No. 7 (1941) dedicated to the city of Leningrad and received worldwide recognition as a symbol of the fight against fascism.

Impressionism

In the last third of the XIX century, a new direction appeared - impressionism (FR. Impressionisme, from Impression - "Impression"), it originally appeared in French painting. Impressionist musicians sought to convey thin and complex sensations, sought sophistication and refinement of sound. That is why they were close to literary symbolism (70s. XIX century. - 10 Gg. XX century), originated in France.

Symbolists investigated the spheres of the uncharted and mysterious, tried to know the "ideal world", hidden under the cover of reality. Composers-Impressionists often appealed to poetry and drama symbolism.

The founder of musical impressionism is a French composer, a pianist and conductor Claude Debussy (1862-1918). In his work, harmony (and not a melody) came to the fore, the painful sound of the orchestra was assigned an important role. The main stained nuances of the sound, which, as in painting, reflected the shades of moods, feelings and impressions.

Composers sought to return to the clarity of harmonies, simplicity of melodies and shapes, beauty and accessibility of the musical language. They appealed to the polyphony, revived the claus music.

Max Reger

The features of the late romanticism and neoclassicism were connected in the work of the German composer and the conductor of Max Reer. He wrote for the organ, orchestra, piano, violin, viola, chamber ensembles. Reger sought to comprehend the legacy of the XVIII century, especially the experience of Johanna Sebastian Baha, and in his works he turned to musical images of the left era. However, being a man of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, Reger sat against the music with original harmonies and unusual voices.

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism has become one of the oppositions of the romantic tradition of the XIX century, as well as the currents associated with it (impressionism, expressionism, vinguism, etc.). In addition, interest in folklore increased, which led to the creation of a whole discipline - ethnomiscology, engaged in learning the development of musical folkloristic and comparing musical and cultural processes in various peoples of the world. Some turn to the origins of ancient cultures (Karl ORF) or fully rely on folk creativity (Leosh Yanachek, Bela Bokok, Zoltan Kodai). At the same time, composers actively continue to experiment in their writings and open new faces and the possibility of harmonic language, images and structures.

The fall in the aesthetic principles of the XIX century, the political and economic crisis of the beginning of the new century, oddly enough, contributed to the formation of a new synthesis that caused the penetration into the music of other types of arts: painting, graphics, architecture, literature and even cinematography. However, general laws dominated in composer practice since I.S. Bach, were broken and transformed.

At the turn of the XIX-X century, a long and complex process of developing Russian musicians, styles and genres of European culture ended. By the end of the XIX century. Petersburg and Moscow Conservatory became solid educational institutions. All outstanding composers of that era and quite a few beautiful performers came out of their walls. The schools of instrumentalists, singers and dancers have developed. Russian opera and ballet art conquered the European audience. The Imperial Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg and the Moscow Private Russian Opera, created by the Russian Industrialist and the Mammoth Savoy Ivanovich Mamontov (1841-1918) played an important role in the development of the musical theater.

The features of the late romanticism and impressionism were intertwined in Russian music. Veliko was the influence of literary art directions, and above all symbolism. However, major masters produced their own styles. Their creativity is difficult to attribute to any definite flow, and this is the proof of the maturity of Russian musical culture.

The first impression that is becoming acquainted with the music of the 20th century, as if there was a gap between the musical art of the new time and all previous centuries - such significant differences in the sound appearance of works.

Even the writings are 10-30. XX centuries are excessively stressful and sharp on sound. In fact, the music of the 20th century, in the same way as in the previous century, reflected the spiritual and emotional world of people, because the pace of human life accelerated, became more rigid and strained.

Tragic events and contradictions - war, revolution, scientific and technical progress, totalitarianism and democracy, not only aggravated the spiritual experiences inherent in people, but also put humanity on the edge of destruction. That is why, the topic of confrontation between life and death has become the key in the music of the 20th century. No less important was for the art and theme of self-knowledge of the person.

The twentieth century was marked by a multitude of innovations in art and literature related to catastrophic changes in the public consciousness during the revolution and world wars. At the end of the XIX and at the beginning of the 20th century, and especially in the foreflower decade, through all Russian art, and in particular music, the topic of waiting for the great changes, which should be sent out the old, unfair public device. Not all composers realized the inevitability, the need for the revolution and sympathized with her, but the prejudication tense was felt all or almost everything.

New content, as usual, required new forms, and many composers came to the idea of \u200b\u200ba radical update of the musical language. First of all, they abandoned the traditional European system of lads and tonalities. The concept of atonal music appeared. This is a music in which a clear system of tone tonalities is not determined, and chord consonances (harmony) are associated with each other freely, without complying with strict rules. Another important feature of the musical language of the XX century was unusual sound. To convey images of modern life, used unusual noise effects (clang and grinding metal, rumble of machines and other "industrial" sounds), invented new tools. However, more interesting results gave another way. Composers experimented with traditional tools: mixed the timbres, played unusual registers, changed technical techniques. And it turned out that the classic symphony orchestra or opera-forms can perfectly show the life of the city with its complex system of sounds and noise, and most importantly - unpredictable turns of the thought and "fastes" of the human psyche of the end of the II millennium.

However, innovative searches did not at all led to the abandonment of traditions. It was the XX century that the musical heritage of the left era revived. After two hundred three hundred years of oblivion began to sound the works of Monteverdi, Corelli and Vivaldi, German and French masters of the XVII century.

The attitude towards folklore has radically changed. In the XX century, a new course appears - non-pholklorism (from Greek. "NEOS" - "new" and "folklore"). His supporters called on the use of folk singing recorded in deep rural areas, not "united" on the city way. Entering the complex fabric of symphonies, sonates or opera, such a song brought unprecedented passionism, wealth of paints and intonations into music.

At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, a new artistic direction was developed in European culture - expressionism (from Lat. Expressio - "Expressiveness"). Its representatives reflected in their works the tragic ministry of a person of the era of the First World War - despair, pain, a fear of loneliness. "Art has a cry on the help of those who experience in themselves the fate of humanity," the founder of expressionism in the music of Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951).

Arnold Schönberg

Music expressionism has developed in Austria, more precisely, in its capital, Vienna. His creators - Arnold Schönberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern. The creative Commonwealth of Composers entered the history of music called New Vienna (Novovenskaya) School. Each of the masters was their own way in art, but there are a lot of common in their works. First of all, the tragic spirit of music, the desire for sharp experiences and deep shocks. The intensive spiritual search, a desire to gain religious and moral ideals, lost by the majority of modern people by all means to gain religious and moral ideals. Finally, all three composers developed a single method of writing music - a dodecphone system, sharply changed traditional ideas about the lade and harmonic device of the work.

Creativity Schönberg solves one major task - expresses human suffering from music. Heavy, tricky premonitions, the feeling of sad horror is greatly transmitted in the early work - five places for the orchestra (1909). By mood and form, these are chamber preludes, but they are written for a large symphony orchestra, and a thin, transparent sounding alternates in them with powerful "screaming" winds and blows Litavr.

The result of the reflection of Schönberg over the events of World War II became Cantana "Survived from Warsaw" (1947) for Readers, Chora and Orchestra. As a text, genuine stories of eyewitnesses of the massacres of the Nazis are used over the inhabitants of the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw. The music of this large-scale essay, built on one series, is withstanding in the best traditions of expressionism - it is complex, tragic and exacerbated emotional. The composer is as if attempting to present his heroes in the face of God and Eternity and thereby showing that their suffering was not in vain. Cantata ends with singing prayer, and its music based on the sounds of the same series, organically grows from the tragic darkness of the previous parts.

Avant-garde

The new conditions of social reality had an impact on the entire artistic culture as a whole, on the one hand, by giving a new breath of the classical tradition, and on the other hand, breeding new art - avant-garde (from FR. "Avant-Garde" -Bepers going), or modernism (from Lat. "Modernus" - new, modern), the most fully reflective face of time. Essentially, the term "modernism" is indicated by the artistic trends, currents, schools and the activities of individual masters of the twentieth century, proclaimed the freedom of expression on the basis of their creative method.

Movement of the musical avant-garde covers the 50-90s. XX century. It arose after the Second World War, far from happening: the shocks of wartime, and the sharp change in the lifestyle caused disappointment in the moral and cultural values \u200b\u200bof the preceding epochs. Generation representatives of the 50-60s. I wanted to feel free from traditions, create your own artistic language.

The usual avant-garde is usually the so-called specific music based on freedom of tone consonance, and not on the harmonic series: Sonorism is one of the species of modern composer equipment that uses mainly colorful sounds (lat. "Sonorus" - a sonorous, noisy) and practically ignoring Accurate sound links, electronic music. The first searches in the direction of avant-garde were undertaken at the very beginning of the twentieth century by the Russian composer A.N. Skryabin. Some listeners, his music conquered inspired by force, others - outraged unusual.

A.N. Scriabin

Searches for new methods of creativity caused a lot of unusual styles to life. Composers as "classic" tools use electronic sound recording and sound-reproducing technique - a tape recorder, synthesizer, and in recent years - a computer. The appearance of electronic music was caused by the desire to draw attention to the "classics" of millions of pop fans and rock (where electronic tools belong to the leading place). However, composers operating in this area are pursued by another goal. They are trying to explore the complex relationship of a person with the world of technology, which is stronger than the consciousness of people. The "alive" dialogue of the musician with his electronic "double" in the most talented works takes a deep symbolic meaning.

Hephening

From the 50s. In music, as in other art types (for example, in the theater), there is such a direction as Hephening (from English, Happening - "Ensuring", "what is happening"). Its source can be considered the work of "4" 33 "(1954) of the American composer John Cage (born in 1912). A pianist comes to the scene, which is four minutes thirty three seconds ... Silently sits behind the piano, then it gets up and leaves . The premiere passed with a scandal: the enlightened public decided that they were simply mocked above her, and the man in the street was able to condescendingly: "So I can". The intention to shock the public, of course, was part of the author's plans, but it was not an end in the explorers. , Cage turned into a musical work of the phenomenon of surrounding: silence, waiting for the start of the game, sounds produced by listeners (passing, whisper, squeak chairs, etc.). The public and musician acted in the role of performers, and in the role of authors spontaneously The plays arisen. The music turned out of the auditory image to the image of the visual. This was the further distinguishing feature of the chaphening: the execution of the work becomes, in fact, a silent pantomime. John Cage

The musical art of the twentieth century is filled with innovative ideas. It marks a radical fracture in all aspects of the musical language. In the twentieth century, music often served as the source of the display of terrible epochemical historical events, witnesses and contemporaries of which were most of the great composers of this era that became innovators and reformers.

Conclusion

Thus, the twentieth century was a century of diversity in music. The music of the 20th century, in the same way as in the previous century, reflected the spiritual and emotional world of people, because the pace of human life accelerated, became more rigid and tense.

Tragic events and contradictions - war, revolution, scientific and technical progress, totalitarianism and democracy, not only aggravated the spiritual experiences inherent in people, but also put humanity on the edge of destruction. That is why, the topic of confrontation between life and death has become the key in the music of the 20th century.

No less important was for the art and theme of self-knowledge of the person. Representatives of all new generations wanted to feel free from traditions, create your own artistic language.

The musical art of the XX century is unusually volume. Perhaps there is not a single historical musical style that would be somehow reflected in the Motor Music Kaleidoscope XX century. In this respect, the century has become the frontier. Everything that the previous centuries of music development accumulated, and all the peculiarities of national musical cultures suddenly became the community.

Each temporary era gave us her geniuses. Whether the composers of the XIX or XX century, their works have already taken their milestone in the history of mankind and steel for all generations a model not only in music, and, despite the prescription, are designed to serve to joy to people.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Belyanva Eczell S.N. "Musical experiences in preschool age", vol. 1., - M.: Enlightenment, 1961.

2. Vetroga N.A. The musical development of the child. - M.: Enlightenment, 1968.

3. Journal "Pre-school education" No. 5-1992. The introduction of preschoolers to Russian national culture.

4. Commissioner visual funds in the musical education of preschoolers. - M.: Enlightenment, 2000.

5. My native home. The program of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers. Publishing house "Mozaica" - Synthesis, Moscow, 2005

6. Teplov B.M. Psychology of musical abilities., 1947.

7. Teplov B.M. Problems of individual differences. - M.: Enlightenment, 1961, - s. 231.

8. Orph K. System of Music Education. - M. -l. 1970. p.21.

9. Forrai K. The influence of musical education for the development of the personality of the child of preschool age // Music education in the modern world //, 1973.

Any composer that will be discussed in this article can be easily called the greatest composer of classical music ever existed.

Although, to compare the music created in a few centuries is impossible, but all these composers are very clearly distinguished against the background of their contemporaries. In his works, they sought to expand the boundaries of classical music, to achieve new heights in it, not reached earlier.

All the great composers of classical music shown in the list are worthy of the first place, so the list is not presented by the value of the composer, but in the form of information for familiarization.

For world classics, Beethoven is a very significant figure. One of the most executed composers in the world. He composed his works in absolutely all existed genres of his time. It is a harbinger of a period of romanticism in music. Instrumental works are recognized as the most significant of the entire heritage left by Ludwig van Beethoven.

The greatest composer and the organist in the world history of music. He is a representative of the Baroque era. For all his life, over thousands of works wrote, however, during his lifetime, only about a dozen was published. Worked in all genres of his time with the exception of the opera. He is the attitude of the Bahkh dynasty, the most famous in music.

Composer and conductor, virtuoso violinist and an organist from Austria, possessed incredible musical memory and amazing hearing. I began to create from an early age and succeeded in all genres of music, for which it is rightly recognized by one of the great composers of classical music in history.

The most mysterious and mysterious work of Mozart - "Requiem" and was not completed by the author. The reason for this was a sustainable death of thirty-five years. He completed his student on the "requiem" his student Franz Zyusmayer.

Great German composer, playwright, conductor and philosopher. Improved impact on modernism and in general, all European culture at the junction of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

By order of Ludwig II Bavarian in Bayreit, an opera house was built on Wagner's ideas. It was intended exclusively for the works of the composer. Wagner's musical drama goes in it to this day.

Russian composer, conductor and musical critic belongs to one of the best melodies in the world. His work made a huge contribution to the development of world classics. In the medium, classical music lovers is a very popular composer. In his works, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky successfully combined the style of Western symphonies with Russian traditions.

The great composer from Austria, and conductor, and violinist, and recognized by all the peoples of the world "King Waltz". His creativity was devoted to light dance music and operetta. His heritage has over five hundred waltz, cadry, poles, and there are several operetta and ballets. In the nineteenth century, thanks to Strauss, Waltz gained incredible popularity in Vienna.

Italian composer, guitarist virtuoso and violinist. A very bright and unusual personality in musical history is a recognized genius in world art music. All the work of this great man was shrouded by some mystery, thanks to Paganini himself. He opened in his works new, previously not known types of violin techniques. Also is one of the founders of romanticism in music.

All these great composers of classical music have had a very big impact on its development and promotion. Their music, tested by time and whole generations, is in demand and today, may even be much more than with their lives. They opened the immortal works that continue to live, and move to the next generations, carrying emotions and feelings for whom to think about the eternal.

So, one of the greatest composers has been recognized by Ludwig Van Beethoven for the third century. His works leave a deep mark in souls and in the minds of the most sophisticated listeners. The premiere of the 9th District Symphony of the composer became a real furror, in the final of which the famous choral "Ode to joy" sounds on the text of Schiller. One of the modern films is a good installation of the whole symphony. Be sure to look!

L. Van Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Re Minor (Video Installation)

Among these melodies there will be a motive for any mood: romantic, positive or dreary to relax and do not think about or, on the contrary, to get together with thoughts.

twitter.com/ludovicoeinaud.

The Italian composer and pianist runs in the direction of minimalism, often refers to the ambient and skillfully combines the classics with other musical styles. With a wide range, it is known for atmospheric compositions, which have become soundtracks for films. For example, you will probably learn music from the French tape "1 + 1", written by Eineta.

Themagger.net.

Glass is one of the most controversial personalities in the world of modern classics, which they are raised to heaven, they criticize in the fluff and dust. He is half a century playing in his own group Philip Glass Ensemble and wrote music to more than 50 film holders, including Trukovna Show, Illusionist, "Taste of Life" and "Fantastic Fourteen". The melodies of the American composer-minimalist erase the line between classical and popular music.

Latimes.com.

The author of the set of soundtracks, the best film composite of 2008 according to the European Film Academy and the postmimist. Conquered critics from the first Memoryhouse album, in which the music of Richter was imposed on the reading of poetry, and in subsequent albums used artistic prose. In addition to writing their own ambient compositions, arrangements of the classics: "Seasons" Vivaldi in his processing was headed by the charts of classical iTunes music.

This creator of instrumental music from Italy is not related to the sensational cinema, but without that is known as the composer, a virtuoso and an experienced lecturer playing the piano. If you describe the music of Marrei in two words, then it will be the words "sensually" and "magnificent." His creations and cavities will like those who love retro-classics: in motifs are notes of the last century.

Twitter.com/coslive.

The famous film composite created musical accompaniment for a variety of cash films and cartoons, including "Gladiator", Pearl-Harbor, Beginning, Sherlock Holmes, InterStellar, Madagascar, King Lion. His star is banging on the Hollywood "Alley of Glory", and on his shelf there are "Oscar", "Grammy" and "Golden Globe". The music of the Tsimmer is as different as these films, but regardless of the tonality it takes for the living.

musicaludi.fr.

Hisaisi is one of the most famous Japanese composers, which received four awards of the Japanese Film Academy for the best music for the film. He became famous thanks to the writing of the soundtrack to Anime Hayao Miyazaki "Wrong from the Valley of the Winds". If you are a fan of the creations of the studio "Gibbles" or Takeshi Takeshi Kitano, then surely admire the music of Hisaisi. It is mostly easy and light.

twitter.com/theipaper

This Icelandic multi-instrumentist is just a boy compared to the listed masters, but he managed to become a recognized neoclassic. Recorded accompaniment to the ballet, received the BAFTA premium for the soundtrack to the British TV series "Murder on the beach" and released 10 studio albums. Arnald's music resembles a harsh wind on the deserted sea shore.

Yiruma.manifo.com

The most famous works of Lee RA Ma - Kiss The Rain and River Flows in You. Korean New Age-composer and pianist writes a popular classic, who understands the listener on any continent, with any musical taste and education. His lungs and sensual melodies for many have become the beginning of love for piano music.

Dustin O'Helloran

fracturedair.com.

The American composer is interesting what does not have musical education, but at the same time he writes a pleasant and fairly popular music. O'Helloran melodies were used in Top Gear and several films. Perhaps the most successful album of the soundtracks turned to the melodrama "like crazy". This composer and pianist knows the lot and in the art of conducting, and in how to create electronic music. But his main field is a modern classic. Kacchaplya recorded many albums, three of them with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. His music is pouring like water, it will be great to relax.

What other contemporary composers should listen

If you like Epic, add to your playlist Claus Pault, together with a zimmer who worked on the "Pirates of the Caribbean". Yana Kachmarkarek, Alexander Despl, Howard Shira and John Williams - need to write separate material to list all their work, merit and rewards to list all their work, merit and rewards.

If you want to still be delicious neoclassic, pay attention to Niels Frama and Silvena Sovo.

If you are not enough, remember the creator of the soundtrack to "Amelie" Yana Tiersena or discover the Japanese composer TEMMMON: he writes air, fabulous melodies.

What kind of composers do you like, and what no? Who else would you add to this list?

The benefits of classical music is probably known to almost every resident of a civilized society, scientists have long been proven its positive impact on the psychological state of a person.

The classic is on the classics, it remains forever immortal, in each new generation there are their admirers of such a direction, while classical music progresses, develops and transformed, while always remaining at the proper level.

Among the impressive diversity of composers of the past and modernity, I would like to allocate the top ten of those whose names have already entered the story, because they managed to compose the music of the highest level, which significantly expanded the boundaries of the limits of classical sounds, reaching a new level of beautiful.

This time, our top 10 will not contain numbers and honorary places, because to evaluate and compare the greatest and, that to hide, the most famous composers in the world, the names of which, in fact, should be familiar to every minimally educated person, somehow stupid.

And therefore, we present before you their names, as well as several interesting facts from the biography, without numbers and comparisons. If you are not an active fan of classical music, then listen, at least for the sake of interest, several works of these great composers, and you will understand that music inspiring more than a dozen generations cannot be ordinary or, worse, boring.

Ludwig Van Beethoven / Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Today it is one of the most respected, popular and executable composers in the world, Beethoven wrote in all the musical genres known at that time, but it is believed that the most significant among its works are precisely instrumental creations, including concerts for violin and piano, symphony, Overtures and Sonata.

Little Beethoven grew up in a musical family, and therefore from the smallest years he began to train the game on the clasesis, organ, flute and violin. In the past few years of life, Beethoven lost hearing, strikingly, but it did not prevent him from writing a whole series of unique works, among which the famous ninth symphony.

Johann Sebastian Bach / Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

The famous and loved worldly German composer, who is a bright representative of the Baroque era. In total, they were written about 1000 musical works, which were represented by all significant genres of that era, except for the opera.

Among the nearest relatives and the ancestors of Johann Bach, there were many professional musicians, he himself became the attorney of one of the most famous dynasties. What is surprising, during the lifetime Bach did not receive a special calling, interest in his work increased after a whole century after his death.

Some connoisseurs claim that the music of Bach is too frowning and dark, however, according to the followers of his work, it is rather founded and fundamental.

Wolfang Amadeus Mozart / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

The greatest Austrian composer, who is rightly called the genius of his case: Mozart possessed a truly phenomenal hearing, the ability to improvisation, memory, and also showed himself as a talented conductor, virtuoso violinist, an organist and clause.

I composed more than 600 musical works, many of which are recognized by the peak of chamber, concert, opera and symphonic music. It is believed that Mozart's music has a special healing effect, it is recommended for listening to pregnant and nursing mothers.

Richard Wagner / Richard Wagner (1813-1883)

The most famous German composer, which is considered an influential opera reformer, he had a tremendous impact on the German and European musical culture as a whole.

Wagner's operas do not cease to strive, surprise, inspire, as well as shock their incredible scales that fit in the eternal human values.

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

Who is not yet familiar with the famous ballet Tchaikovsky "Nutcracker"? Then you must do it! Peter Ilyich is one of the best Russian composers of all time, which, thanks to its musical works, was able to make a invaluable contribution to the society of musical culture of the whole world.

Franz Schubert / Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)

Another famous Austrian composer, a well-deserved musical genius, as well as the author of the best songs of his time. During his work, Schubert managed to write more than 600 compositions that were laid on the verses of more than 100 well-known poets.

Unfortunately, Franz lived a very short life, only 31 years old, who knows how much more than the perfect and great would manage to create this brilliant person. Some works of the brilliant author were published only after his death, because Schubert left behind the many unique manuscripts with unique musical creations.

Johann Strauss / Johann Strauß (1825-1899)

The recognized "King of Waltza", a brilliant Austrian composer, a virtuoso violinist and a conductor who worked all his life in the genre of operetta and dance music.

They were written about 500 walvas, cadrilli, poles and other types of dance music, by the way, thanks to him, Walt had risen to the top of his popularity in the 19th century in Vienna. The fact that Johann Strauss has to have the son of the famous Austrian composer, who was also called Johann.

Frederick Chopin / Fryderyk Chopin (1810-1849)

Without exaggeration, it will be said that this is the most famous Pole on the field of classical music, which in his work tirelessly praised the homeland, the beauty of her landscapes, and also dreamed of her future magnitude.

Unique is the fact that Chopin is one of the few composers who created the music exclusively for the piano, in his work you will not meet the symphony nor the opera. It is the works of this ingenious composer that constitute the basis for creativity of many modern pianists.

Giuseppe Francesco Verdi / Giuseppe Francesco Verdi (1813-1901)

Giuseppe Verdi, first of all, is known for the whole world with its operations, a special place among which, is the dramatic works. His heritage, as the greatest composer, is difficult to overestimate, because his music has made a huge contribution to the development of Italian and global opera in general.

Verdi's works are considered incredibly emotional, burning, passionate, interesting, they boil emotions and boil life. And today, despite the one-year age of most of his operas, they remain among the most executable, popular and famous among classical music lovers.

Hans Zimmer / Hans Zimmer (September 12, 1957)

The famous German composer of modernity, which was widely popular thanks to his works written for computer games and famous movies. Of course, the composers of modernity is difficult to compare with the geniuses of the past, which strengthened their glory through the century, however, they deserve our attention.

Music Hans can be completely diverse: tender, touching, exciting, cruel and exciting, many of his melodies you probably heard, but did not know who is their author. Creation of this author you can hear in such films and cartoons as the "King Lion", "Pirates of the Caribbean", "Pearl-Harbor", "Rain Man" and others.