At five o'clock in the morning, as always, pierced the lifting - the hammer of the rail at the boarama. The intermittent clinking is weakly passed through the glass, hung in two fingers, and soon there was a fear: it was cold, and the warden was reluctant to wave a long time.

The ringing of pasties, and outside the window is the same as among the night, when Shukhov got up to the pacaracy, there was darkness and darkness, but it fell into the window three yellow lanterns: two - on the zone, one - inside the camp.

And the barrack did not mess with something, and not to hear was that the daily poured paracted baroch on the sticks - to carry out.

Shukhov never wake up the lifting, always got up on him - before the divorce was an hour and a half of his time, not executed, and who knows the camp life, can always work out: sew someone from the old lining case on mittens; To the rich brigadist to serve dry boots right on the bed, so that the barefoot does not get tread around the bays, do not choose; Or run along the captures, where who need to serve, sweeping up or bring something; Or go to the dining room to collect bowls from the tables and demolish them with slides in the dishwasher - they will also feed, but there are a lot of hunters, there is no hunt, and most importantly - if in a bowl left, you can not hold back, you will begin to lick my bowls. And Shukhov firmly remembered the words of his first brigadier Kuzömin - the old was a camp wolf, sat down to nine hundred and forty-three years for twelve years, and his replenishment brought from the front, somehow on the bare request by the fire said:

- Here, guys, law - Taiga. But people live here. In the camp, who's who breathes: who bowl licks, who hopes for San per kum. walks to knock.

About Cuma is, of course, he bent. They saved themselves. Only saving them - on someone else's blood.

Always gotten on the climb, and today did not get up. Back in the evening he was not in itself, it was not nobody, did not break it. And at night it was not hidden. Through the dream mounted - it seemed to be completely sick, then it was small. Everything did not want the morning.

But the morning came as myself.

Yes, and where they will be silent - on the window of the sleepy is hungry, and on the walls along the junction with the ceiling throughout the barrack - a healthy bara! - Paulinka white. Frost.

Shukhov did not get up. He lay on top lining, with a head covered with a blanket and a bump, and in a tank bright, in one subtle sleeve, putting both feet together. He did not see, but in the sounds everything understood what was done in the barrack and in their brigadel corner. Here, heavily stepping on the corridor, the daythy suffered one of the eights of the Paras. Disabled disabled, easy work, and well, I'll find it, not a prison! Here in the 75th brigade they slammed a bunch of felt boots from the dryer. But - and in our (and our place was to dry up today). The brigadier and the Pombrigadir are shoved silently, and the lining will crept them. Pombrigadyr will now go to the breadtiferation, and the brigadier is in the staff of the Barack, to the uniforms.

Yes, not just to the outfit, as every day he walks, - Shukhov remembered: Today, fate is solved - they want their 104th brigades to the fugance from the construction of workshops on the new object "Socycgorodok". And the social town is the field naked, in the sakes of snowy, and, before what to do there, you need to dig a pit, pillars and barbed wire from ourselves to pull themselves - so as not to escape. And then build.

There, loyal matter, there will be no one for a month - no caphine. And the fire does not interfere - what to drown? Look at the conscience - one salvation.

The brigadier is concerned, to settle goes. Some other brigade, unstoppage, instead of pushing yourself there. Of course, you can't agree with empty hands. Polkulo sala Senior Children to incur. And even a kilogram.

Testing is not a loss, do not try in the Sanchast kink, from work on day to free yourself? Well, directly the whole body is discouraged.

And yet - which of the warders today is on duty?

On duty - I remembered - one and a half of Ivan, thin and a long sergeant blackfriend. The first time we look - right scary, and I learned it - from all dutymen of the duty: it does not put in the Cake, it does not pull to the head of the regime. So you can lie down, as long as the dining room is ninth barak.

The lining shook and stopped. Two got up immediately: at the top - Neighbor Shukhov Baptist Aleshka, and at the bottom - Buynovsky, Captain of the second rank former, Kavengengen.

Old men, making both pairs, passed, who go for boiling water. Browsed bindingly like women. The electric welder from the 20th Brigade crushed:

- Hey, fitoli!- And launched in them the boots. - Pomir!

Wovenok deafly broke on the pillar. Silenced.

In the next brigade a little burkotel Pombrigadyr:

- Vasil Fedorych! In the zadstol, the reptiles were worn out: there were nine hundred and four, and it was three only. Who is no one?

He said quietly, but of course the whole brigade heard and pulled out: they will cut off someone in the evening.

And Shukhov lay and lay on the mattress pressed sawdust. At least one side took - or scored in the chill, or the loss passed. And nor nor.

While the Baptist whispered prayers, Buinovsky returned from the breeze and announced to anyone, but as if gloating:

- Well, hold on, redflowers! Thirty degrees faithful!

And Shukhov decided to go to the Sunchast.

And immediately, someone who has power, the hand made a tank and blanket from him. Shukhov threw off the Bushland from his face, raised. Under it, equal to the head with the upper challenge, stood thin Tatar.

So, he was not on duty, he sneaked quietly.

- Eight hundred fifty four! - I read the tatar with a white beam on the back of the black bustra. - Three days condeya with the conclusion!

And he barely rang out his special sick, as in the whole haired barrack, where the light was burning not every, where two hundred people sleep on the semolot of flipping lipstick, they immediately fought and began to hang out all who had not got up.

- For what, citizen boss? "Give your voice more pity than he felt, Schukhov asked.

With the output to work - it is still Polcarder, and they will give hot, and there is no time to think. Full Cake is when without output.

- did not get up on the lifetime? Let's go to the commandanta, "said Tatar turbine lazy, because he, and Shukhov, and everything was clear, for which condo.

On the hairless mint face of the Tatar was not expressed. He turned around, looking for a second who would, but all already, who is in the semi who under the light bulb, on the first floor of the lining and on the second, pushed their feet into black cotton trousers with numbers on the left knee or, already dressed, were smelled and hurried to exit - Watch the tatar on the yard.

If B Shukhov was given the Carter for what another, where he deserves, - it would not be a shame. It was a shame that he always got up from the first. But it was impossible to pop up from Tatarin, he knew. And, continuing to ask enough for order, shukhov, as it was in cotton trousers, not filmed overnight (higher knees, they were also sewn slaughtered, the mired flap, and it was bred by the black, already fading the number Sch-854), put on the tag (There were two such rooms on it - on the chest one and one on the back), chose his boots from a heap on the floor, the cap was put on (with the same flap and the front number) and went out after Tatarin.

The entire 104th Brigade saw how Shukhov was taught, but no word said: nothing, and what do you say? The brigadier would have to fit a little, so it was not. And Shukhov also did not say a word to anyone, Tatarina did not tease. Breakfast will save.

So came together.

Frost was with a haired breathing. Two large spotlights beat around the zone with long-range angular tips. Light zone lights and inner lights. So many of them were copied, that they completely crushed the stars.

Sripping by boots in the snow, quickly ran the zacks on their business - who is in the restroom, who is in the captures, other - to the parcel warehouse, that barbecue to the individual cuisine. All their head went to the shoulders, Bustlands are smelled, and they are not cold enough to all of them from frost, as from Duma, what and the day is on this cold.

And the Tatarin in his old overweights with the tortuous blue loops went smoothly, and frost as if he did not care him completely.

The first work about Stalin's camps, published in the USSR. A description of the ordinary day of the usual prisoner is not yet a complete evidence of the horrors of the Gulag, but it also produces a deafening effect and strikes the inhuman system that has breeding the camp.

comments: Lion Worish

What is this book?

Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, he also number Sch-854, the ninth year sits in the camp. The story (according to the volume - rather the story) describes the usual day of his afternoon to the abundance: this day is full and hard and small joys (how much can we talk about joys in the camp), clashes with the camp authorities and conversations with comrades in unfortunate, self-safe work And small tricks, of which the struggle for survival is developing. "One day of Ivan Denisovich" was, in fact, the first work of the camps that appeared in the Soviet press - for millions of readers, he became a revelation, the long-awaited word of truth and the brief encyclopedia of the life of Gulag.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn. 1953.

LASKI COLLECTION / GETTY IMAGES

When is it written?

Solzhenitsyn conceived a story about one day of prisonered in the camp, in 1950-1951. Direct work on the text began on May 18, 1959 and lasted 45 days. By the same time - the end of the 1950s - the work on the second edition of the novel "in the first round", collecting materials for the future "Red Wheel", the plan of the "Archipelago", writing "Matronina of the courtyard" and several "crumbling"; In parallel, Solzhenitsyn teaches physics and astronomy in the Ryazan school and is treated from the consequences of the oncological disease. In early 1961, Solzhenitsyn edited "one day Ivan Denisovich", mitigating some details so that the text would be at least theoretically "passing" for the Soviet press.

House in Ryazan, in which Solzhenitsyn lived from 1957 to 1965

In the summer of 1963, "one day ..." appears in the secret report of the CIA about the USSR cultural policy: the special services are well known that Khrushchev personally sanctioned the publication

How is she written?

Solzhenitsyn sets himself a strict time frame: the story begins with a wake-up and ends with a waste to sleep. This allows the author to show the essence of the camp routine through many details, reconstruct typical events. "He did not build any external plot, did not try to bore the action and to unleash him, not heated his interest in his narration of the literary intrigues," said Critic Vladimir Lakshin 1 Lakshin V. Ya. Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies // Criticism of the 50s and 1960s of the XX century / Sost., Preamble, notes. E. Yu. Scarlygin. M.: LLC "Agency" Krp Olympus ", 2004. P. 118. ⁠ : The attention of the reader hold the courage and honesty descriptions.

"One day ..." adjacent to the tradition of the tale, that is, the images of oral, nekin speech. Thus, the effect of the immediate perception of the "eyes of the hero" is achieved. At the same time, Solzhenitsyn mixes different language layers in the story, reflecting the social reality of the camp: the jargon and the branches of the searches are adjacent to the bureaucracy of abbreviations, the folk spaciousness of Ivan Denisovich - with various registers of the intelligent speech Caesar Markovich and kavengengen Captain of the second rank. ⁠ Buynovsky.

How did I not know about Ivan Shukhov? How could it not feel that here in this quiet frosty morning, together with thousands of others, are withdrawn under the convoy with dogs per gate of the camp in the snowfield - to the object?

What influenced it?

Own camp experience Solzhenitsyn and evidence of other stagnikov. Two large, different orders of tradition of Russian literature: sketching (influenced the design and structure of the text) and the robust, from Leskov to Remizov (influenced the style, language of heroes and narrator).

In January 1963, "one day Ivan Denisovich" comes out in the "Roman-Gazeta" circulation of 700,000 copies

The first edition of the story in the "New World". 1962 year

"One day of Ivan Denisovich" managed to publish thanks to a unique coincidence of circumstances: there was the text of the author, who survived in the camp and miraculously cured of severe illness; there was an influential editor, ready to deal with this text; there was a request of power to support antistaline exposures; There were personal ambitions of Khrushchev, who was important to emphasize their role in the destination.

In early November 1961 after a long doubt - it's time or not time - Solzhenitsyn gave a manuscript Raisa Orlova Raisa Davydovna Orlova (1918-1989) is a writer, philologist, human rights activist. From 1955 to 1961 he worked in the journal "Foreign Literature". Together with her husband, Lvi-Copeliev defended Boris Pasternak, Joseph Brodsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. In 1980, Orlova and Copellev emigrated to Germany. In the emigration, their joint book of memories "We lived in Moscow" were published, the novels "doors open slowly", "Hemingway in Russia". The book of memoirs of the Orlova "Memories of Nearned Time" was posthumously. ⁠ , my friend's wife and former cousin Lion Copelleva Lev Zinovievich Kopeliev (1912-1997) is a writer, literary critic, human rights activist. During the war he was an officer-propagandist and translator from German, in 1945, a month before the end of the war, he was arrested and sentenced to ten years "for the propaganda of bourgeois humanism" - Copellev criticized the looting and violence against the civilian population in East Prussia. In the "Marfinsk Sharashka" met Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Since the mid-1960s, Copellev participates in human rights movement: performs and signs letters in defense of dissidents, distributes books through samizdat. In 1980, he was deprived of citizenship and emigrated to Germany with his wife, the writer Raisa Orlova. Among the books of Copelleva - "Store forever", "and created himself a cumira", in collaboration with his wife, memoirs "we lived in Moscow" were written. ⁠ , later, led in the novel "In the first circle" under the name Rubin. Orlova brought a manuscript to the "New World" editor and criticism Anne Berzer Anna Samoovna Berzer (real name - Asya; 1917-1994) - critic, editor. Berzer worked as an editor in the Literary Gazette, the Publishing House "Soviet Writer", magazines "Banner" and "Moscow". From 1958 to 1971, he was the editor of the New World: worked with the texts of Solzhenitsyn, Grossman, Dombrovsky, Trifonov. Berzer was known as a brilliant editor and the author of witty critical articles. In 1990, the Berzer Farewell was published, dedicated to Grossman. ⁠ But she showed the story to the chief editor of the journal - Poet Alexander Tvardovsky, bypassing his deposits. Shocked Tvardovsky deployed a whole campaign to hold a story in print. The chance of this was given recent Khrushchev exposure on XX and XXII CPSU Congres February 14, 1956, at the XX Congress of the CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev made a closed report, condemning the cult of Stalin's personality. At the XXII Congress, in 1961, the anti-Stalin rhetoric became more hard: the words of the arrests, torture, the crimes of Stalin before the people were publicly sounded, it was proposed to make his body from Mausoleum. After this congress, settlements, named after the leader, were renamed, and the monuments of Stalin were eliminated. ⁠ , Personal acquaintance of Tvardovsky with Khrushchev, the total atmosphere thaw. Tvardovsky has enlisted with positive reviews of several large writers - including Powesta, Chukovsky and in Favor Ehrenburg.

This strip was previously so happy: ten was given to everyone. And from forty-ninth, such a strip went - all twenty-five, despite

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

The management of the CPSU proposed to make several edits. Some Solzhenitsyn agreed - in particular, to mention Stalin to emphasize his personal responsibility for terror and gulag. However, throw away the words of Brigadier Tyurina "So you are, the creator, in heaven. For a long time, it hurts "Solzhenitsyn refused:" ... I would give way if it would be at my own expense or due to literary. But here they were offered to give way to God and at the expense of a man, and that I was promised never do" 2 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Badls a calf with oak: essays of literary life. M.: Consent, 1996. C. 44. ⁠ .

There was a danger that the story that was already disperse in copies, "consulting" abroad and will be published there - it would be closed the possibility of publication in the USSR. "That floating to the West did not happen for almost a year - a miracle is not less than the printed in the USSR," Solzhenitsyn noticed. In the end, in 1962, Tvardovsky was able to transfer the story of Khrushchev - the Gensen story agitated, and he authorized his publication, and for this he had to argue with the top of the Central Committee. The story came out in the November issue of the "New World" for 1962 by a circulation of 96,900 copies; Later were prepressing another 25,000 - but this was not enough for everyone, "one day ..." extended to lists and photocopies. In 1963, "one day ..." was reissued "Roman-newspaper" One of the most unlimited Soviet literary publications is issued since 1927. The idea was to publish artwork for the people, according to Lenin, "in the form of a proletarian newspaper." The works of the main Soviet writers were published in Roman-Gazeta - from Gorky and Sholokhov to Belov and Rasputin, as well as the texts of foreign authors: Wojnik, remark, Gashek. ⁠ Edition already in 700,000 copies; This was followed by a separate book edition (100,000 copies). When Solzhenitsyn got into opal, all these editions began to withdraw from libraries, and up to the restructuring "one day ...", like other works of Solzhenitsyn, was distributed only in Samizdat and Tamizdate.

Alexander Tvardovsky. 1950. The chief editor of the "New World", where he was first printed "One Day Ivan Denisovich"

Anna Berzer. 1971. Editor of the "New World", submitted by the manuscript of Solzhenitsyn Alexander Tvardovsky

Vladimir Lakshin. 1990s. Deputy Chief Editor of the New World, author of Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies "(1964)

How did they take it?

Higher faithful to the story of Solzhenitsyn became the key to benevolent responses. In the first months, 47 reviews with loud headlines appeared in Soviet printing: "Citizen must ...", "in the name of a person", "humanity", "harsh truth", "in the name of the truth, in the name of life" (the author of the latter - odious critic Vladimir Yermilov, who participated in the etch of many writers, including Platonov). The motive of many reviews - repressions remained in the past: for example, a front-line writer Grigory Baklanov Gregory Yakovlevich Baklanov (real surname - Friedman; 1923-2009) - writer and screenwriter. He went to the front at 18, fought in artillery, finished the war in the rank of lieutenant. Since the beginning of the 1950s, publishes stories and stories about the war; His story "The Pond Earth" (1959) was sharply criticized for the "Equal Truth", the novel "July 41 years" (1964), which described the destruction of Stalin's top command of the Red Army, after the first publication did not reissued for 14 years. During the years of restructuring, Baklanov was headed by the magazine "Banner", under his leadership for the first time in the USSR were printed "Dog's heart" of Bulgakov and "We" Zamyatina. ⁠ Calls your review "So that it never happened." In the first, "parade" review in Izvestia ("About the past in the name of the future") Konstantin Simonov asked rhetorical questions: "Whose evil will, whose limitless arbitrariness could tear these Soviet people - farmers, builders, workers, warriors from their Families, from work, finally, from the war with fascism, put them out of law, outside of society? " Simonov made a conclusion: "It seems that A. Solzhenitsyn showed himself in his story as a genuine assistant party in the holy and necessary to deal with the cult of personality and his consequences " 3 The word breaks through the way: a collection of articles and documents about A. I. Solzhenitsyn. 1962-1974 / entry. L. Chukovskaya, Sost. V. Glozer and E. Chukovskaya. M.: Russian Way, 1998. C. 19, 21. ⁠ . Other reviewers entered the story to a large realistic tradition, compared Ivan Denisovich with other representatives of the "people" in Russian literature, for example, with Plato Karataev from the "War and the World".

Perhaps the most important Soviet review was the article of the Novomir criticism of Vladimir Lakshin "Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies" (1964). Analyzing the "one day ...", Lakshin writes: "In the story, the time of action is accurate - January 1951. And I do not know how others, but I read the story, all the time I returned to think about what I did, how I lived at this time.<…> But how did I not know about Ivan Shukhov? How could not feel that here in this quiet frosty morning, together with thousands of others, withdraw under convoy with dogs per gate of the camp in the snowfield - to object? " 4 Lakshin V. Ya. Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies // Criticism of the 50s and 1960s of the XX century / Sost., Preamble, notes. E. Yu. Scarlygin. M.: LLC "Agency" Krp Olympus ", 2004. P. 123. ⁠ The anticipation of the end of the thaw, Lakshin tried to defend a story from possible harassment, making reservations about his "parties," and objected to the critics, who rooted Solzhenitsyn for the fact that Ivan Denisovich "can not ... Claim the role of a popular type of our era" (that is, not fits into Regulatory socially owned model) that he has "the whole philosophy is reduced to one: survive!". Lakshin demonstrates - directly in the text - examples of the resistance of Shukhov, saving his personality.

Prisoner Vorkutlag. Komi Republic, 1945.
Laski Diffusion / Getty Images

Valentin Kataev called "one day ..." fake: "Protest is not shown." Chukovsky's roots objected: "But in the same thing truth Tale: Balays have created such conditions that people have lost the slightest concept of justice ...<…> ... And Kataev says: how did he dare not protest at least under the blanket. How did Kakaev himself protested during the Stalinist regime? He gave the slave hymns as everything" 5 Chukovsky K. I. Diary: 1901-1969: 2 t. M.: Olma-Press Star World, 2003. T. 2. C. 392. ⁠ . Announced Anna Akhmatova's oral review: "This story is O-BA-SNP to do and learn by heart - every citizen from all two hundred million citizens of the Soviet Union " 6 Chukovskaya L. K. Notes on Anna Akhmatova: at 3 t. M.: Consent, 1997. T. 2. C. 512. ⁠ .

After the release of the "one day ..." to the editorial office of the New World and the author, the Mountains of letters with gratitude and personal stories began to come. Former prisoners asked Solzhenitsyn: "You will need to write a big one and the same truthful book on this topic, where to display not one day, and the whole years"; "If you started this big deal, continue it and further" 7 "Dear Ivan Denisovich! .." Letters of readers: 1962-1964. M.: Russian Way, 2012. C. 142, 177. ⁠ . Materials sent by Correspondents Solzhenitsyn, formed the basis of the Gulag Archipelago. With the delight of "One day ..." Vamlam Shalamov, the author of the great "Kolyma stories" and in the future - the ill-wisher of Solzhenitsyn: "The story - like poems - everything is completely in it, everything is advisable."

The Duma Arstantic - and that non-free, everything comes back, everything will turn again: Does the soldering in the mattress do not spin? In Sunchasts, will you free up in the evening? Play Captain or will not rise?

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

They came, of course, negative feedback: from Stalinists who justified terror, from people who were afraid that the publication would hurt the international prestige of the USSR, from those who shocked the rude language of heroes. Sometimes these motivations were combined. One reader, a former free foreman in places of conclusion, was outraged: who gave Solzhenitsyn the right to "look uloculum and orders existing in the camp, and people who are designed to protect prisoners ...<…> These orders do not like the hero of the story and the author, but they are needed and needed by the Soviet state! " Another reader asked: "So tell me, why, how is Khorugvi, to deploy your dirty ports before the world?<…> I can not perceive this work, because it humiliates my dignity of Soviet man " 8 "Dear Ivan Denisovich! .." Letters of readers: 1962-1964. M.: Russian Way, 2012. C. 50-55, 75. ⁠ . In the Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn cites outrageous letters from former employees of punitive organs, up to such self-possesses: "We, performers, are also people, we also walked on heroism: they didn't always raise the falling and, thus, risked their service " 9 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Archipelag Gulag: at 3 t. M.: Center "New World", 1990. T. 3. C. 345. ⁠ .

In the emigration, the output of the "one day ..." was perceived as an important event: the story was not only very distinguished by the tone of the Soviet prose available in the West, but also confirmed the information known to the emigrants about Soviet camps.

In the West, "one day Ivan Denisovich" was met with attention - in the environment of the left intellectuals, he, according to Solzhenitsyn, was taught the first doubts about the progressiveness of the Soviet experiment: "Only because everyone has tongues that it is printed with the permission of the Central Committee in Moscow, this is shocked. " But the same forced some reviewers to doubt the literary quality of the text: "This is a political sensation, and not literary.<…> If you change the scene to South Africa or Malaysia ... We will get honest, but roughly written essay about completely incomprehensible people " 10 Magner T. F. Alexander Solzhenitsyn. One Day in The Life of Ivan Denisovich // The Slaviis and East European Journal. 1963. Vol. 7. № 4. PP. 418-419. ⁠ . For other reviewers, the policy did not oversee the ethical and aesthetic significance of the story. American Slavist Franklin Reeve Franklin Riv (1928-2013) - writer, poet, translator. In 1961, RIV became one of the first American professors who came to the USSR for the exchange; In 1962, he was a translator of the poet Robert Frost during his meeting with Khrushchev. In 1970, Riva translated the Nobel speech by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. From 1967 to 2002 he taught literature at Weslimian University in Connecticut. RIV is the author of more than 30 books: poems, novels, plays, critical articles, translations from Russian. ⁠ Expressed the fear that the "one day" will be read exclusively as "another performance at the International Political Olympiad", the sensational exposition of totalitarian communism, while the story value is much wider. Critic compares Solzhenitsyn with Dostoevsky, and "One day" - with Odyssey, seeing the "deepest statement of human value and human dignity" in the story: "In this book, the" ordinary "man in inhuman conditions has been studied to the very depths » 11 Reeve F. D. The House of the Living // Kenyon Review. 1963. Vol. 25. No. 2. PP. 356-357. ⁠ .

Dishes of prisoners in the correctional labor camp

Prisoners Vorkutlags. Komi Republic, 1945

Laski Diffusion / Getty Images

For a short time, Solzhenitsyn became a recognized master of Soviet literature. He was accepted into the Union of Writers, he published a few more works (the most noticeable - the big story "Matrinin Dvor"), seriously discussed the opportunity to reward it for "one day ..." by the Lenin Prize. Solzhenitsyn was invited to several "meetings of party leaders and the government with cultural and artists" (and left the ulcer memories about it). But from the mid-1960s, with a folding thaw starring, the censor ceased to skip new things from Solzhenitsyn: the newly rewritten "in the first circle" and the "cancer corps" did not appear in the Soviet press before the restructuring, but were published in the West. "Random breakthrough with" Ivan Denisovich "did not at all reconciled the system with me and did not promise a light movement on," explained later Solzhenitsyn 12 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Badls a calf with oak: essays of literary life. M.: Consent, 1996. C. 50. ⁠ . In parallel, he worked on his main book - the Gulag Archipelago, unique and scrupulous - how much the author allowed the circumstances - the study of the Soviet punitive system. In 1970, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize - first of all for the "one day of Ivan Denisovich", and in 1974 he was deprived of Soviet citizenship and sent abroad - in the emigration, the writer will live 20 years old, remaining an active publicist and still speaking in annoying many The roles of the teacher or the prophet.

After the restructuring "One Day of Ivan Denisovich", dozens of times were reissued, including the composition of the 30-Tomny Collection of Solzhenitsyn's writings (M.: Time, 2007) - the most authoritative at the moment. In 1963, English True, in the 1970s - full-fledged screen version (joint production of Norway and the UK; Solzhenitsyn reacted to the film positively). "One day" was placed more than once in the theater. The first Russian film adaptation should appear in the coming years: in April 2018, the film on Ivan Denisovich began to shoot Gleb Panfilov. Since 1997, "one day of Ivan Denisovich" is included in the obligatory school curriculum in literature.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn. 1962 year

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"One day" - the first Russian work about the big terror and camps?

Not. The first prosaic work about the Big Terror is considered the story of Lydia Chukovskaya Sophia Petrovna, written back in 1940 (Chukovna's husband, an outstanding physicist Matvey Bronstein, was arrested in 1937 and shot in 1938). In 1952, the Roman of the emigrant of the second wave of Nikolai Narokov "Imaginary Values" came out in New York, describing the most height of Stalin's terror. Stalin's camps are mentioned in the epilogue "Dr. Zhivago" Pasternak. Vamlam Shalamov, whose "Kolyma stories" often oppose Solzhenitsyn's prose, began writing them in 1954. The main part of the "Requiem" Akhmatova was written in 1938-1940 (at that time her son Lev Gumilyov was sitting in the camp). In the gulag itself, artworks were also created - especially the poems that were easier to remember.

It is usually said that "one day Ivan Denisovich" became the first published work about the gulag. Here you need a reservation. On the eve of the publication of the "one day", the editors of the Izvestia, already knew about the struggle of the Tvordovsky for Solzhenitsyn, printed a story George Suspend Georgy Ivanovich Rustle (real surname - small; 1903-1965) - writer. In the early 1930s shelest wrote stories about the civil war and partisans, worked in Transbaikal and Far Eastern newspapers. In 1935 he moved to the Murmansk region, where he worked as the secretary of the editorial office "Kandalakski Communist". In 1937, the writer was accused of organizing an armed uprising and sent to Ozergolars; After 17 years, it was rehabilitated. After liberation, Shelest went to Tajikistan, where he worked on the construction of the HPP, he began to write a prose on the camp theme. ⁠ "Nugget" - about the Communists repressed in the 1937 and washing gold on Kolyma ("on the editorial collection" Izvestia "was angry with Ajubei, which is not his newspaper" opens up "important topic " 13 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Badls a calf with oak: essays of literary life. M.: Consent, 1996. C. 45. ⁠ ). Tvardovsky in a letter Solzhenitsyn complained: "... for the first time they were introduced into the use of the printed page, such words, like" Opera "," Sexot "," Morning Prayer ", etc. And the story was adagre himself, not talking about than" 14 "Dear Ivan Denisovich! .." Letters of readers: 1962-1964. M.: Russian Way, 2012. C. 20. ⁠ . Solzhenitsyn The appearance of the story of Shelest first upset, "But then I thought: what does he interfere with?<…> "Obtaining" themes - I think that they did not succeed. And the word? But we are not us invented, the patent for them to take worth " 15 "Dear Ivan Denisovich! .." Letters of readers: 1962-1964. M.: Russian Way, 2012. C. 25. ⁠ . The Emigrant Magazine "Sowing" in 1963 responded about the "nugget" contemptuously, believing that this attempt was "on the one hand, to approve the myth that in the camps from the evil uncle Stalin, good security officers and parties suffered in the camps; On the other hand, through the show of the sentiments of these good security officers and the Party residents - to create a myth that in camps, suffering injustice and flour, Soviet people in their faith in regime, in their "love" remained by Soviet people " 16 About the camps "remembers" the Combrigs of the HCHK-OGPU ... // Sowing. 1962. № 51-52. P. 14. ⁠ . In the finals of the story of Skelet Square, found the Golden Nugget, decide not to change it on the products and Machorca, and give the boss and receive gratitude "for the help of the Soviet people in difficult days" - nothing like that, of course, is not at Solzhenitsyn, although many prisoners of the Gulag really remained Orthodox Communists (Solzhenitsyn himself wrote about it in the "Gulag Archipelago" and the novel "in the first round"). The story of Shelest passed almost unnoticed: the ambulance is "one day ..." there were already rumors, and it was the text of Solzhenitsyn who became a sensation. In the country, where everyone knew about the camps, no one expected that the truth would be expressed by vowelno, thousands of editions - even after the XX and XXII CPSU congresses, which were convicted of repression and the cult of Stalin's personality.

Correctional and labor camp in Karelia. 1940s

Is it truthful in "One day Ivan Denisovich" depicts life in the camp?

The main judges here were the former prisoners who estimated the "one day ..." highly and writing letters with gratitude to Solzhenitsyn. Of course, there were separate complaints and clarifications: in such a painful topic, each little thing was important to comrades from Solzhenitsyn in misfortune. Some sites wrote that "the camp regime, where Ivan Denisovich was sitting out of the lungs." Solzhenitsyn confirmed this: the electook in which she served the last years of the conclusion of Shukhov was not honing the camp in Ust-Izhme, where Ivan Denisovich reached, where he earned Zing and lost his teeth.

Some reproached Solzhenitsyn that he exaggerated the zeek to work: "No one would have risking themselves, and the brigade should be left without food, continue to put wall " 17 Ablyuk E. S., Polyvanov K.M. History of Russian literature of the 20th century: a book for enlightened teachers and students: in 2 kN. M.: New Literary Review, 2009. C. 245. ⁠ - However, Vamlam Shalamov pointed out: "Thoughtfully and rightly shown the passion for the work of Shukhov and other brigades when they put the wall.<…> This is a passion for the work of a few more affected by the feeling of excitement, when two hungry columns overtake each other.<…> It is possible that such a hobby of work and saves people. " "How can Ivan Denisovich survive ten years, dinner and nostano only sickling his work? After all, it should be done on the first bracket! " - wrote later Solzhenitsyn 18 Solzhenitsyn A. I. Archipelag Gulag: at 3 t. M.: Center "New World", 1990. T. 2. P. 170. ⁠ . He believed that such complaints proceed from "former apreught Attours in the camp called prisoners, settled on a privileged, "Non-wing" Position: cook, writing, storekeeper, duty. ⁠ And they never have seated intelligent friends. "

But in lies, in distortion of the reality of Solzhenitsyn, none of the giglags survived. Evgenia Ginzburg, the author of the "steep route", offering his Tvardovsky manuscript, wrote about "one day ...": "Finally, people learned from the primary source at least about one day of the life we \u200b\u200bled (in different versions) for 18 years . There were a lot of similar letters from the Lamp, although the "one day of Ivan Denisovich" does not mention the tenth stake of deprivation and atrocities that were possible in the camps - this work Solzhenitsyn performs in the "Gulag Archipelago".

Barack for prisoners conducted. Perm region, 1943

SOVFOTO / UIG VIA GETTY IMAGES

Why did Solzhenitsyn chose such a name for the story?

The fact is that he chose not Solzhenitsyn. The name under which Solzhenitsyn sent his manuscript to the "New World", "Sh-854", the personal number of Ivan Denisovich Shukhov in the camp. This name focused on the hero, but it was uncomfortable. The story had an alternative name or subtitle - "one day of one zack". Based on this option, the chief editor of the New World Tvardovsky proposed "one day Ivan Denisovich". Here in focus it is time, duration, the name turns out to be almost equal to the content. Solzhenitsyn easily accepted this successful option. Interestingly, Tvardovsky offered a new name for the "Matronina of the courtyard", which was originally called "not worth the village without a righteous." Here, first of all, the role of censorship considerations played.

Why is one day, not a week, month or year?

Solzhenitsyn specially resorts to restriction: within one day in the camp there are many dramatic, but in general routine events. "There were three thousand six hundred and fifty-three such days from his call from a call to the call: it means that these events, usual Shukhov, are repeated from day to day, and one day is not much different from the other. One day is enough to show the entire camp - at least that relatively "prosperous" camp at relatively "prosperous" mode, which fell out to sit Ivan Denisovich. Numerous details of the camp of Solzhenitsyn continues to list and after the climax of the story - laying slag blocks on the construction of the CHP: it emphasizes that the day does not end, there are still many hard moments that life is not literature. Anna Akhmatova noted: "In the" old man and the sea ", Hamingway details annoy me. The leg was picked up, one shark died, went down the hook, did not go hook, etc. And everything is for nothing. And here every detail is needed and road" 19 Saraskina L. I. Alexander Solzhenitsyn. M.: Young Guard, 2009. C. 504. ⁠ .

"The action takes place for a limited time in a closed space" is a characteristic essay technique (you can recall the texts from "Physiological" collections Collections of works in the genre of the household, Mralovascular essay. One of the first "physiological" collections in Russia is "ours, written off by Russians", compiled by Alexander Bashutsk. The most famous - almanac "Physiology of St. Petersburg" Nekrasov and Belinsky, who became a manifesto of a genuine school. ⁠ , individual works of Pomleyovsky, Nikolai Assumption, Zlatovratsky). "One day" is a productive and understandable model that after Solzhenitsyn uses "reviews", "encyclopedic" texts, no longer adhere to the realistic agenda. For one day (and - almost all the time - in one closed space) an action is performed; Obviously, Vladimir Sorokin writes to Solzhenitsyn with a loaf of Solzhenitsyn. (By the way, this is not the only similarity: Hypertrophied "People's" language "Day of the Okrichnik" with his spacious, neologisms, inversion refers to the language of Solzhenitsyn's story.) In the Sorokinsky "Blue Sale" lovers Stalin and Khrushchev discusses the story "One Day of Ivan Denisówich", written by the former prisoner of "Crimean Camps of Forced Love" (Lovelag); The leaders of the people are unhappy with the insufficient sadism of the author - here Sorokin parods the long-lasting dispute between Solzhenitsyn and Shalamov. Despite the obviously travesty character, the fictional story retains all the same "one-day" structure.

Map of correctional labor camps in the USSR. 1945 year

Why is Ivan Denisovich Number Shch 854?

The assignment of the rooms, of course, a sign of removal - the ses are officially no names, patience and surnames, they turn to them like this: "forty eight! Hands back! "," Be five hundred two! Pull up! " The attentive reader of Russian literature will remember here "we" jamine, where the characters wear the names like D-503, O-90, - but at Solzhenitsyn we are not confronted with antiutopia, but with realistic details. Sh-854 Number is not connected with the real name of Shukhov: the hero of the "one day" of Kavenogenan Buinovsky Number Sh-311, at Solzhenitsyn himself was number Sh-262. These numbers of the zeki were worn on the clothes (at the famous staged photos of Solzhenitsyn, the number is Number on the tag, trousers and a cap) and were obliged to follow their condition - it brings closer numbers with yellow stars, which were prescribed to wearing Jews in Nazi Germany (their marks were at other persecuted Nazis Group - Gypsy, Homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses ...). In the German concentration camps, prisoners also wore rooms on clothes, and in Auschwitz they were tattooed on her hand.

Numeric codes generally play an important role in the camp dehumanization 20 Pomorska K. The Overcoded World of Solzhenitsyn // Poetics Today. 1980. Vol. 1. No. 3, Special Issue: Narratology I: Poetics of Fiction. P. 165. ⁠ . Describing the hedgehogny divorce, Solzhenitsyn speaks of the division of the Lagnikov on the brigade. People recalculate on heads like cattle:

- First! Second! Third!

And the top fives were separated and walked with some chains, so at least at the back, at least see: five heads, five spins, ten legs.

And the second watch is the controller, in other railing it is silently, only checks whether the score is right.

Paradoxically, these seemingly not worthwhile heads are important for reporting: "Man is more precious than gold. One head for the wire will miss - add your head there. " Thus, among the repressive forces of the camp one of the most significant bureaucracy. Even the smallest, absurd details are told about this: for example, Shukhov's cousin Caesar in the camp did not follow the mustache, because in the photo in the investigative case, he is in the mustache.

Penalty isolator Vorkutlag. Komi Republic, 1930-40s

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Calfire with a number that were worn prisoners

Lanmas / Alamy / Tass

In what camp sat Ivan Denisovich?

In the text of the "one day" it is made to understand that this camp is "a cautious", relatively new (in it no one has seen a full time limit). We are talking about a special camp - such a name of the camp created for political prisoners received in 1948, although Katorga was returned to the penitentiary system in 1943. The action of "one day" occurs, as we remember, in 1951. From the previous camp Odyssey Ivan Denisovich, it follows that most of his term he was sitting in Ust-Izhme (Komi ASSR) together with criminals. His new Solahegers believe that this is still not worse fate The appointment of special camps was to isolate the "enemies of the people" from ordinary prisoners. The mode in them was similar to the prison: the lattices on the windows, locked over the night of the barracks, the ban leave the barak inoperative time and the rooms on the clothes. Such prisoners were used to especially hard work, for example in mines. However, despite the more difficult conditions, for many ZEC, the political zone was the best fate than a household camp, where the "political" terrorized "thieves". ⁠ : "You, Vanya, Eight sitting in what camps? .. You're sitting in domestic, you lived there with babes. You did not wear numbers. "

Indications on a specific place in the text of the story - only indirect: so, on the first pages of the "old camp wolf", Kuzumen says again arrived: "Here, guys, law - Taiga." However, this saying was distributed in many Soviet camps. The temperature in the winter in the camp, where Ivan Denisovich sits, may fall below forty degrees - but such climatic conditions also exist a lot where: in Siberia, in the Urals, in Chukotka, on Kolyma, in the extreme north. The hook could give the name "social town" (in the morning Ivan Denisovich dreams, so that his brigade will not be sent there): settlements with such a name (all the zeks were built) in the USSR, including in places with a harsh climate, but it was typical The name and "depletive" place of action. Rather, it is necessary to assume that in the Ivan Denisovich camp, the conditions are specurate, in which Solzhenitsyn him was sitting: Ekibastuz camp, subsequently part Stepure Camp for political prisoners, which was in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan. Prisoners Steppers worked in mines: mined coal, copper and manganese ore. In 1954, an uprising occurred in the camp: five thousand prisoners demanded the arrival of the Moscow Commission. The riot was brutally depressed by troops. Two years later, the stepfig was eliminated. ⁠ In Kazakhstan.

Board Honor of Correlation Camp

Fine Art Images / Heritage Images / Getty Images

What did Ivan Denisovich sit for?

About this Solzhenitsyn just writes openly: Ivan Denisovich fought (went to the front in 1941: "From the women of me, a citizen of the head, in the forty-first year set") and got into German captive, then he broke out from there to his own - but the stay of the Soviet The soldier in German captivity was often equal to betraying the Motherland. According to NKVD 21 Krivosheev G. F. Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: a statistical study / under the general ed. G. F. Krivosheev. M.: Olma Press, 2001. C. 453-464. ⁠ , Of 1 836,562, 233,400 people who returned to the USSR of prisoners of war in the Gulag on charges. Such people were condemned under Article 58, paragraph 1a, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ("Treason Motherland").

And it was like: In February, forty-second-year-old ones in the north-western surrounded their army all, and from airplanes they did not throw anything, but there were no planes. They reached the point that the struck of the hooves from the horses of the occasional, smeared the cornea in the water and ate. And there was nothing to shoot. And so the Germans in the forests were caught and took. And in the group of such a one Shukhov, in captivity he was a couple of days, there, in the forests, - and they ran in the feather. And in the forests, they painted on the swamps - miraculously fell. Only two car gun on the spot was laid, the third of the wounds died, - two of them and came. They were smart - they said b that they walked along the forests, and nothing b. And they opened: they say, from the captivity of German. From captivity ?? Your mother is so! Fascist agents! And for the grille. There were five of them, maybe the testimony diminished, they believed b, and two in any way: they said, they say, the reaches, about escape.

The counterintelligence agents were forced to Schukhov to sign the testimony on themselves ("Do not sign - Bushland wooden, sign - even if you still have a little bit"). By the time of the story, Ivan Denisovich sits in the camp already the ninth year: he must free themselves in the mid-1952. The penultimate phrase of the story - "There were three thousand six hundred and fifty three days from calling from calling to the call (we will pay attention to the long," words ", the number of numerals) - does not allow to unambiguously say that Ivan Denisovich will be released: after all, many Lamps who, who, who had seen his time, received a new one instead of liberation; fears this and shukhov.

Solzhenitsyn himself was convicted of the 10th and 11th points of the 58th article, for anti-Soviet propaganda and agitation in conditions of military time: in personal conversations and correspondence, he allowed himself criticized by Stalin. On the eve of the arrest, when the battles were already in Germany, Solzhenitsyn brought his battery from the German environment and was presented to the Order of the Red Banner, but on February 9, 1945 he was arrested in Eastern Prussia.

The gate of the coal mine Vorkutlag. Komi Republic, 1945

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Prisoners for work. Ozerlag, 1950

What position Ivan Denisovich takes it in the camp?

The social structure of the Gulag can be described in different ways. Let's say, to the establishment of election, the contingent of the camps was clearly divided into the threat and political, "58th article" (in Ust-Izhme Ivan Denisovich belongs, of course, to the latter). On the other hand, the prisoners are divided into those who participate in the "common work", and "assholes" - those who managed to take a better place, a relatively easy position: for example, to get a job in the office or in breadzer, to work in the specialty necessary in camp (tailor, shoemaker, doctor, cook). Solzhenitsyn in the "Gulag Archipelago" writes: "... Among the survivors, among the liberated, assholes make up a very good share; Among the long-term fifty-eighth - it seems to me - 9/10. " Ivan Denisovich does not belong to the "assholes" and refers to them contemptuously (for example, calls them generalized "idiot"). "When choosing a hero of the camp story, I took the job, I could not take anyone else, because only he is visible to the true ratios of the camp (as soon as the soldiers of the infantry can weigh the whole range of war, - but for some reason the memoirs writes not he). This choice of hero and some sharp statements in the story were puzzled and insulted other former assholes, "Solzhenitsyn explained.

Among the work, as among the "assholes", there is its own hierarchy. For example, "one of the last brigades" feetukov, in the will - "Big boss in some kind of office", does not use any respect; Ivan Denisovich about himself calls his "Fetuki Shakal". To another brigadler, Senka Klyushin, to Paully visited Buchenwalde, is perhaps heavier than Shukhov, but he is about equal with him. A separate position is held by Brigadier Tyurin - it is the most idealized character in the story: always fair, able to harm their own and save them from murderous conditions. Shukhov is aware of his subordination to the brigadier (it is important here that according to the camp unwritten laws, the Brigadier does not apply to "assholes"), but for a short time can feel equality with him: "Go, brigadier! Go you need there! - (calling the shukhov by Andrei Prokofievich, but now he was equally operating with his brigadier. Not that I thought like this: "So I compare it," and just he sees that so.) ".

Ivan Denisich! It is not necessary to pray that the parcel is sent or to have an excess portion of the Balant. What is high in people, then ability to god!

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

An even more subtle matter is the relationship of the "simple person" of Shukhov with seaclings from the intellectuals. Both Soviet, and uneven criticism sometimes reproached Solzhenitsyn in insufficient respect for intellectuals (the author of the contemptuous term "Education" and actually filed a reason). "It worries me to the story and the attitude of the simplest people, all these camps to work to those intelligents who are still experiencing and are still continuing, even in the camp, arguing about Eisenstein, about Meyerhold, about cinema and literature and the new performance of Yu. Zavadsky. .. Sometimes it is also felt by the author's ironic, and sometimes a contemptuous attitude towards such people, "the critic I. Chicherov wrote. Vladimir Lakshshin picks him on the fact that neither a word is not told about Meyerhold: for criticism this name is "Only a sign of particularly sophisticated spiritual interests, a kind of certificate of intelligence " 22 Lakshin V. Ya. Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies // Criticism of the 50s and 1960s of the XX century / Sost., Preamble, notes. E. Yu. Scarlygin. M.: LLC "Agency" Krp Olympus ", 2004. P. 116-170. ⁠ . In relation to Shukhov to Caesary Markovich, to whom Ivan Denisovich is ready to serve and from which the return services is waiting, there really is irony - but it, in Lakshin, is not connected with the intelligence of Caesar, but with its separation, everything with the same ability to settle, with the remained and In the camp Snobism: "Caesar was blunting, his hand stretched out for the porridge, did not look at Shukhov, as if the porridge had arrived through the air, and for her: - But listen, art is nothing, but how." Solzhenitsyn does not accidentally put a "formalistic" judgment about art and dismissive gesture: they are quite interrelated in the value of the values \u200b\u200bof the "one day ...".

Vorkutlag. Komi Republic, 1930-40s

Ivan Denisovich - an autobiographical hero?

Some readers tried to guess, in whom from the heroes Solzhenitsyn brought himself himself: "No, it is not Ivan Denisovich himself! And not Buynovsky ... Or maybe TURINI?<…> Really the Feldsher-writer, who, without leaving good memories, still not bad? " 23 "Dear Ivan Denisovich! .." Letters of readers: 1962-1964. M.: Russian Way, 2012. C. 47. ⁠ Own experience is the most important source for Solzhenitsyn: He delivers his feelings and solaria after arresting, the hero of the novel "in the first circle"; The second of the main heroes of the novel, the prisoner of Sharacter Gleb Niznes, emphasized autobiographical. In the "Gulag Archipelago" there are several chapters describing the personal experience of Solzhenitsyn in the camp, including attempts by the camp administration to incline him to secret cooperation. Autobiographical and novel "Crack Corps", and the story "Matrenin Dvor", not to mention Solzhenitsy memoirs. In this regard, the figure of Shukhov is quite far from the author: Shukhov - "Simple", unaccustomed person (unlike Solzhenitsyn, a teacher of astronomy, he, for example, does not understand where the new month is taken from after the new moon), a peasant, ordinary, and Do not combine. However, one of the effects of the camp - just that he erases social differences: the ability to survive, to keep himself, to earn respect for comrades on misfortune (for example, those who were the heads of Fetukov and DER - one of the most disrespectful people in the camp). In accordance with the essay tradition, which Solzhenitsyn voluntarily or unwittingly followed, he chose not ordinary, but typical ("typical") hero: a representative of the most extensive Russian class, the participant in the most massive and bloody war. "Shukhov is a generalized character of a Russian simple person: a vitality," malicious ", hardy, master for all hands, crazy - and kind. Native Brother Vasily Turkina, "Chukovsky's roots wrote in the story to the story.

The soldier on the surname of Shukhov really fought with Solzhenitsyn, but did not sit in the camp. Himself camp experience, including work on construction Bura Barak reinforced mode. ⁠ and CHP, Solzhenitsyn took from his own biography - but admitted that everything was going through what his hero passed, it would not be enough: "I probably would not survive eight years of camps if I didn't take me for four years on the so-called mathematics Sharacter.

Reminted Alexander Solzhenitsyn in the campwear. 1953.

Is it possible to call "one day of Ivan Denisovich" a Christian work?

It is known that many Lagnikov retained religiosity in the most cruel conditions of Solkovkov and Kolyma. Unlike Shalamov, for which the camp is an absolutely negative experience that God not 24 Bykov D. L. Soviet literature. Advanced course. M.: Prosisaik, 2015. C. 399-400, 403. ⁠ Solzhenitsyn Camp helped to strengthen in faith. During the life, including after the publication "Ivan Denisovich", he composed a few prayers: in the first of them he thanked God for being able to "send your little beams to mankind." Protopressive Alexander Shmeman. Alexander Dmitrievich Shmeman (1921-1983) - a clergyman, theologian. From 1945 to 1951, Schmeman taught the history of the Church in the Paris Saint-Sergiev Orthodox Bologosovsky Institute. In 1951, he moved to New York, where he worked in the St. Vladimir seminary, and in 1962 he became its leader. In 1970, Schmeman was erected in San Protopresviter - the Higher Irase title for the clergymen in marriage. Father Schmeman was a famous preacher, wrote works dedicated to liturgical theology, and almost thirty years led the program about religion on Radio "Freedom". ⁠ , quoting this prayer, calls Solzhenitsyn Great Christian writer 25 Shmeman A., protopres. Great Christian writer (A. Solzhenitsyn) // Schmeman A., protopres. Fundamentals of Russian culture: conversations on radio "Freedom". 1970-1971. M.: Publisher of the Orthodox Holy Tikhon University, 2017. P. 353-369. ⁠ .

Researcher Svetlana Kobets notes that "Christian topos are crushed in the text of the" one day ". There are hints on them in images, language formulas, conditional symbols » 26 Kobets S. The Subtext of Christian Asceticism in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's One Day in The Life of Ivan Denisovich // The Slavic and East European Journal. 1998. Vol. 42. No. 4. P. 661. ⁠ . These hints bring to the text "Christian dimension", which, on the thought of Kobets, eventually, the ethics of characters, and the habits of the loop, allowing him to survive, go back to Christian asceticism. Hardworking, humane, who preserved the moral rod, the characters of the story with this look like the martyrs and righteous (remember the description of the legendary old Sake Yu-81), and those who arranged more comfortably, for example, Caesar, "do not get a chance to spiritual awakening" 27 Kobets S. The Subtext of Christian Asceticism in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's One Day in The Life of Ivan Denisovich // The Slavic and East European Journal. 1998. Vol. 42. No. 4. P. 668. ⁠ .

One of Solagers Shukhov - Baptist Aleshka, trouble-free and Easto believer, who believes that the camp is a test that serves to the salvation of the human soul and God's glory. His conversations with Ivan Denisovich go to the "Karamazov brothers". He is trying to instruct Shukhov: notes that his soul "asks God to pray," explains that "it's not necessary to pray that the parcel is sent or to have an excess portion of the Balant.<…> It is necessary to pray about the spiritual: so that the Lord from our heart is throwing evilly shot ... "The history of this character sheds the light into Soviet repression against religious organizations. Aleshka was arrested in the Caucasus, where his community was located: and he, and his comrades received twenty-five-year-old timelines. Baptists and Evangelical Christians In 1944, Gospel Christians and Baptists living in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were united in one denomination. The creed of evangelical Christians - Baptists is based on the Old Town and the New Testament, there is no division on the clergy and laity in the denomination, and the baptism is carried out only in conscious age. ⁠ Actively chased in the USSR since the beginning of the 1930s, during the Big Terror, the most important figures of Russian Baptism were killed - Nikolay Odintsov, Mikhail Tymoshenko, Pavel Ivanov-Pokshnikov and others. Another, whom the power found less dangerous, gave standard camping deadlines of that time - 8-10 years. Gorky irony is that these deadlines still seem to be in 1951, "happy" lags: "This strip was such a happy one: we gave ten everything in the comb. And from forty-ninth, such a strip went - everyone twenty-five, despite ". Aleshka is confident that the Orthodox Church "from the Gospel has moved away. They are not planted or they give it five years, because the faith is not solid. " However, Vera Shukhov himself is far from all church institutions: "I will carefully believe in God. Only here I do not believe in paradise and in hell. Why do you consider us for fools, paradise and hell do we promise? " He notes about himself that "Baptists love to agitate, like political officers."

Drawings and comments Evphrosynia Kershnovskaya from the book "How much is a person costs." In 1941, Kershnovskaya, a resident of the captured USSR of Bessarabia, was told in Siberia, where she spent 16 years

From whose person is the narration in the "one day"?

The impersonal narrator "Ivan Denisovich" is close to Shukhov himself, but not equal to him. On the one hand, Solzhenitsyn displays the thoughts of his hero and actively uses the improper-direct speech. Not once, and not two what is happening in the story is accompanied by comments, as if emanating from Ivan Denisovich himself. Behind the shouts of Kavenna Bunovsky: "You do not have the right to undress people on the frost! You ninth article According to the ninth article of the Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR 1926, "social protection measures cannot be to cause the physical suffering or humiliation of human dignity and the task of retaliation and the kara do not put themselves." ⁠ Do not know the criminal code! .. "This comment follows:" Have. Know. It's you, brother, do not know yet. " In his work on the language of "one day", Linguist Tatyana Vinokur leads other examples: "Shakes the brigadier of everything. Shakes, I will not leave anybody, "our column reached the street, and Mehzavodskaya behind the residential quarter disappeared." Solzhenitsyn resorts to this reception when he needs to convey the feeling of his hero, often - physical, physiological: "Nothing is not chib to be cold on the street" or about a piece of sausages that goes shukhov in the evening: "her teeth! Tubes! The spirit of meat! And meat juice, real. There, in the stomach went. " The Western Slavists, using the terms "indirect internal monolog", "depicted"; British philologist Max Heivard builds this technique to the tradition of Russian tale 28 RUS V. J. One Day in The Life of Ivan Denisovich: A Point of View Analysis // Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne Des Slavistes. Summer-Fall 1971. Vol. 13. No. 2/3. P. 165, 167. ⁠ . For the narrator, the rigorous form and the people's tongue are also organic. On the other hand, the narrator knows what Ivan Denisovich cannot know: for example, that Feldsher Widowshkin writes not a medical report, but a poem.

According to Vinokur, Solzhenitsyn, constantly shifting the point of view, achieves "the merger of the hero and the author," and moving to the pronounter of the first person ("our column is reached to the street"), rises to the "highest level" of such a merger, "which gives him the ability to emphasize them especially emphasize them, and again remind of their immediate involvement in the depicted events » 29 Vinokur T. G. On the tongue and style of the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "One day Ivan Denisovich" // Questions of Culture of Speech. 1965. Vol. 6. P. 16-17. ⁠ . Thus, although Biographically Solzhenitsyn is not at all equal to Shukhov, he can say (just as Flaubert spoke of Emme Bovarie): "Ivan Denisovich is me."

How is the language in the "one day of Ivan Denisovich"?

In the "one day of Ivan Denisovich" several language registers mixed. Usually, the first part of the "People's" speech of Ivan Denisovich himself and the narrative of the narrator itself is remembered. In the "one day ..." readers are first faced with such characteristic features of Solzhenitsyn's style, like inversion ("And the Socyblodok that - the field is naked, in the silence of snow"), the use of proverbs, sayings, phraseologism ("testing is not a loss", "Warm cloth is When will I understand? "," In the hands of always radish thicker "), the integrity compression In linguistics, compression understands the reduction, compression of the language material without significant damage to the content. ⁠ In conversations of characters ("Guarantee" - Warranty Paj, "Evening" - the newspaper "Evening Moscow") 30 DZOROVA D.V. Compressive word formation agents in Prose A. I. Solzhenitsyn (on the material of the story "One day of Ivan Denisovich") // Heritage A. I. Solzhenitsyn in the modern cultural space of Russia and abroad (to the 95th anniversary of the birth of a writer ): Sat. mat. Intern. scientific study. conf. Ryazan: Concept, 2014. P. 268-275. ⁠ . The abundance of incomprehensive-direct speech justifies the essay manner of the story: we have the impression that Ivan Denisovich does not explain to us all the purpose, as a guide, but simply used to preserve the clarity of the mind, everything is inspired by himself. At the same time, Solzhenitsyn repeatedly resorts to the author's neologism, stylized under the surprise, - Linguist Tatyana Vinokur calls such examples as "shortfolding", "to" be buried "," milking ":" This is an updated composition of the word, many times Increasing its emotional significance, expressive energy, freshness of his recognition. " However, although "folk" and expressive lexemes in the story are remembered most, the main array is still "outstanding vocabulary" 31 Vinokur T. G. On the tongue and style of the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "One day Ivan Denisovich" // Questions of Culture of Speech. 1965. Vol. 6. P. 16-32. ⁠ .

In the camp speech of the peasant Shukhov and his comrades are deeply eaten by a thorough jargon ("Kum" - Opera Compact, "knock" - to convey, "Kondi" - Cake, Sixer - the one who uses others, "ass" - a soldier on the tower, " The jerk "- a prisoner, who settled in a camp at a profitable position), the bureaucratic language of the punitive system (Burrak reinforced regime, the PPC - the planning and production part, Nachiar - the head of the guard). At the end of the story, Solzhenitsyn placed a small dictionary with clarification of the most common terms and jargon. Sometimes these speech registers merge: so, the Zagging "ZEK" is formed from the Soviet reduction "s / k" ("concluded"). Some former trainmen wrote Solzhenitsyn that in their camps they have always uttered ZEKÁ, but after "one day ..." and the Gulag Archipelago Solzhenitsynsky (perhaps occasionalism Okkazionalism is called a new word invented by a particular author. Unlike neologism, Okkazionalism is used only in the work of the author and does not go into extension. ⁠ ) Approved in the language.

This story is about-bia to do and learn by heart - every citizen of all two hundred million citizens of the Soviet Union

Anna Akhmatova

A separate layer of speech in the "one day ..." - curses that shocked part of the readers, but met an understanding of the Lagnikov, who knew that Solzhenitsyn did not thwart the paint here. When Publishing Solzhenitsyn agreed to resort to bills and eufemism A word or expression that replaces the rude, uncomfortable statement. ⁠ : Replaced the letter "x" to "f" (so the famous "Filawlice" and "bulk" appeared, but Solzhenitsyn managed to defend "Movers"), somewhere put dead off ("Stove, ... Yadi!", I will not I'm with this m ... whom wearing! "). Before the expression expression - the threat or "shower of the soul". The speech of the main character is mainly from Mata FREE: the only euphemism is incomprehensible, the author's or shukhov itself: "Shukhov hid himself from the Tatar for the corner of the barrack: the second time you will fall - again I will recharge." It's funny that in the 1980s "One day ..." was made from American schools because of curses. "I received submal letters from my parents: how can this ability to print!" - remembered Solzhenitsyn 32 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Badls a calf with oak: essays of literary life. M.: Consent, 1996. C. 54. ⁠ . At the same time, writers of observed literature, for example, Vladimir Sorokin, on whose "Day of the Okrichnik" clearly influenced the story of Solzhenitsyn, just reproached him - and other Russian classics - in an excessive idea: "Solzhenitsyn in Ivan Denisovich, we see the life of the zacre, and - None of the Material Word! Only - "Maslice Filawlice". The men in the "War and the World" at a thick, not a single sworn word pronounce. It's a shame!"

Camp drawings of the artist Yoo Sositzer. Sooster was serving a term in Karlaga from 1949 to 1956

"One day of Ivan Denisovich" - a story or story?

Solzhenitsyn emphasized that his work was a story, but the editorial office of the "New World" was obviously embarrassed by the volume of the text, invited the author to publish it as a story. Solzhenitsyn, who did not think that the publication was generally possible, agreed that he later regretted: "I went in vain. We wash off the boundaries between genres and impairment of forms. "Ivan Denisovich" is of course the story, although large, loaded. " He argued this by developing his own theory of prosaic genres: "I would empty the story, I would allocate a novel - light in the construction, clear in the plot and thoughts. The story is that most often we are chasing to call the novel: where are several storylines and even almost mandatory lengthy of time. And the novel (vile word! Is it possible otherwise?) It differs from the story not so much volume, and not so much longer in time (he even stressed and dynamic), how much - the capture of many destinies, the horizon of fire and vertical thoughts » 32 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Badls a calf with oak: essays of literary life. M.: Consent, 1996. C. 28. ⁠ . Persistently calling "one day ..." by the story, Solzhenitsyn clearly hes in mind the essay manner of his own letter; In his sense for the genre name, the content of the text is important: one day covering the characteristic details of the environment is not a material for a novel or a story. Be that as it may, to defeat the correct marked trend of "flushing" boundaries between genres is hardly possible: despite the fact that the architecture "Ivan Denisovich" is truly characteristic of the story, because of the volume he wants to be called something greasy.

Gonchar in Vorkutlag. Komi Republic, 1945

Laski Diffusion / Getty Images

What comes closer to "one day Ivan Denisovich" with Soviet prose?

Of course, in time and the place of writing and publication "One Day of Ivan Denisovich" and there is a Soviet prose. This question, however, about a friend: about the essence of Soviet.

Emigrant and foreign criticism, as a rule, read the "one day ..." as anti-Soviet and antisocreage composition 34 Hayward M. Solzhenitsyn's Place in Contemporary Soviet Literature // Slavic Review. 1964. Vol. 23. No. 3. PP. 432-436. ⁠ . One of the most famous emigrant critics Roman Gul Roman Borisovich Gul (1896-1986) - critic, publicist. During the civil war, he participated in the ice campaign of General Kornilov, fought in the army of the hetman of the Scopadian. Since 1920, Gul lived in Berlin: released a literary application to the newspaper "On the eve", wrote novels about the Civil War, collaborated with Soviet newspapers and publishers. In 1933, freed from Nazi prison, emigrated to France, wrote a book about staying in the German concentration camp. In 1950, Gul moved to New York and began work in the "New Journal", which later headed. Since 1978, he published a memoir trilogy in it "I took Russia. Apology of emigration. " ⁠ In 1963, he published the article "Solzhenitsyn and socialism" in the "new journal": "... The work of the Ryazan teacher Alexander Solzhenitsyn, as it were, covers all social identity, i.e. all the Soviet literature. This story has nothing to do with it. " Gul assumed that the work of Solzhenitsyn, "bypassing Soviet literature ... It turned out directly from the pre-revolutionary literature. Of the silver century. And in this its signaling value" 35 Gul R. B. A. Solzhenitsyn and social identity: "One day. Ivan Denisovich "// Gul R. B. Odoukon: Soviet and emigrant literature. N. -Y.: Bridge, 1973. P. 83. ⁠ . The Fantastic, "People's" language of the story of Gul brings even "not with bitter, riunin, chip, Andreev, Zaitsev", and with a remiz and an eclectic set of "Writers of the Remisov School": Pilnyak, jammed, Shishkov Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov (1873-1945) - Writer, Engineer. Since 1900, Shishkov conducted expeditionary studies of Siberian rivers. In 1915, Shishkov moved to Petrograd and with the assistance of Gorky published a collection of stories "Siberian Skaza". In 1923, Vataga was released, a book about the Civil War, in 1933 - "Ugryum River", a novel about life in Siberia at the turn of the century. The last seven years of the life of Shishkov worked on the historical epic "Emelyan Pugachev". ⁠ , Prominent, Klychkov Sergey Antonovich Klychkov (1889-1937) - Poet, writer, translator. In 1911, the first poetic collection of Klychkov "Songs", in 1914 - a collection of "Hanging Garden". In the 1920s, Klychkov became close to the "Novokrestest" poets: Nikolai Klyuev, Sergey Yesenin, and the last he shared the room. Klychkov - The author of the novels "Sugar German", "The Chertuhinsky Balakir", "Prince of the World", was engaged in translations of Georgian poetry and Kyrgyz epic. In the 1930s, Klychkov branded as a "Kulatsky poet", in 1937 he was shot on false accusation. ⁠ . "The verbal fabric of the story of Solzhenitsyn is relatives by Remisovskaya his love for words with the ancient root and to the popular pronunciation of many words"; Like Remizov, "in the Solzhenitsyn office - a very expressive archaic alloy with an ultrasive spoken speech, a mixture of fabulous with soviet " 36 Gul R. B. A. Solzhenitsyn and social identity: "One day. Ivan Denisovich "// Gul R. B. Odoukon: Soviet and emigrant literature. N. -Y.: Bridge, 1973. P. 87-89. ⁠ .

Solzhenitsyn himself wrote all his life about socialism with contempt, called him "an abstinence oath from truth " 37 Nicholson M. A. Solzhenitsyn as "Socialist Realist" / Authoriz. Per. from English B. A. Yarhova // Solzhenitsyn: Thinker, historian, artist. Western criticism: 1974-2008: Sat. Art. / Sost and auth. hitch Art. E. E. Erickson, ml.; Comment. O. B. Vasilevskaya. M.: Russian Way, 2010. P. 476-477. ⁠ . But modernism, avant-garde, he decidedly did not accept it, considering it by the foresight of the "destructive physical revolution of the XX century"; Philologist Richard Tempest believes that "Solzhenitsyn learned to apply the modernist means to achieve antimodernist goals " 38 Tempest R. Alexander Solzhenitsyn - (anti) modernist / per. from English A. Skidana // New Literary Review. 2010. P. 246-263. ⁠ .

Shukhov - the generalized character of the Russian simple person: a vitality, "malicious", hardy, master for all hands, crazy - and kind

Chukovsky's roots

In turn, Soviet reviewers, when Solzhenitsyn was officially in Favor, insisted on quite a Soviet and even a "party" nature of the story, seeing in it almost an embodiment of the social order to expose Stalinism. Gul could raise over this, the Soviet reader could assume that the "right" reviews and prefaces are written to remove the eyes, but if "one day ..." was stylistically completely alien to Soviet literature, it would hardly printed it.

For example, due to the climax of the "one day of Ivan Denisovich" - the construction of the CHP - there were broken many copies. Some former prisoners saw here, while Varlam Shalamov considered the labor zeal of Ivan Denisovich quite believable ("finely and rightly shown the passion for the work of Shukhov ...<…> It is possible that such a hobby of work and saves people "). And Critic Vladimir Lakshin, comparing "one day ..." with "unbearably boring" manufacturing novels, saw in this scene purely literary and even didactic reception - Solzhenitsyn managed not to be excitingly describing the work of the Mason, but also to show the bitter irony of the historic paradox: " When the picture of labor is cruel-forced, as it were, the picture of the labor of the free, labor on the inner motivation - it makes it deeper and sharper to understand what people are standing as our Ivan Denisovich, and what kind of criminal absurdity to keep them away from the native home, under the protection of automata , for prickly wire " 39 Lakshin V. Ya. Ivan Denisovich, his friends and enemies // Criticism of the 50s and 1960s of the XX century / Sost., Preamble, notes. E. Yu. Scarlygin. M.: LLC "Agency" Krp Olympus ", 2004. P. 143. ⁠ .

Lakshin finely captures the kinship of the famous scene with the schematic climax of socially owned novels, and how Solzhenitsyn retreats from the canon. The fact is that the socialist standards, and the realism of Solzhenitsyn are based on a certain invariant, taking the beginning in the Russian realistic tradition of the XIX century. It turns out that Solzhenitsyn does the same as official Soviet writers, - just not as an example better, original (not to mention the context of the scene). Andrew's American researcher thinks that "One day Ivan Denisovich" "It is necessary to read as a socialist work (at least on the basis of understanding of socialism in 1962)": "I do not disagree these achievements of Solzhenitsyn ...<...> He ... took advantage of the most erased clichés of socialist realism and used them in the text, almost completely whoning his literary and cultural Denisovich " 41 Solzhenitsyn A. I. Publicistics: in 3 tons. Yaroslavl: Upper Volga, 1997. T. 3. C. 92-93. ⁠ . But in the very text of the "Archipelago" Ivan Denisovich appears as a person who knows the camp life: the author comes with his hero in the dialogue. So, in the second volume Solzhenitsyn suggests him to tell him how to survive in a religious camp, "if he is not taken by the paramedic, Sanitar too, even the liberation of the lipovoy him for one day will not be given? If he has a lack of diplomas and excess conscience to make a fit in the zone? " Here's how, for example, Ivan Denisovich tells about the "bridge" - that is, the intentional bringing himself to diseases 42 Solzhenitsyn A. I. Archipelag Gulag: at 3 t. M.: Center "New World", 1990. T. 2. C. 145. ⁠ :

"Another thing is a bridge, worship so much to stay, and disabled. As they say, a minute of patience is a year of cant. To break the leg, and then so that it grumbled incorrectly. Water salted drink - swollen. Or smoking tea is against the heart. And tobacco with infusion to drink - against the lungs well. Only with a measure must be done, so as not to replace and do not write through the disability in the raven. "

In the same recognizable conversational, "fantastic" language, full camp, Ivan Denisovich talks about other ways to escape from a murderous work - to get into the OP (Solzhenitsyn - "Visitious", officially - "Wellness Point") or to achieve an action - the petition of liberation for health. In addition, Ivan Denisovich is trusted to tell about other details of the camp life: "How tea in the camp is under the money ... as a chief - fifty grams for a glass - and in the mind of the visions," and so on. Finally, it is his story in the "archipelago" precedes chapter about women in the camp: "And the very good thing is not a partner, but a partner. Wife camp, zacku. As they say - touch» 43 Solzhenitsyn A.I. Archipelag Gulag: In 3 t. M.: Center "New World", 1990. T. 2. C. 148. ⁠ .

In the "archipelago" of Shukhov is not equal to Ivan Denisovich from the story: he does not think about the "bridge" and Chifire, does not remember women. Shukhov "Archipelago" - an even more collective image of the experienced Zeka, who retained the speech manner of an earlier character.

Writing a review; Their correspondence lasted for several years. "The story is like poems - everything is completely in it, everything is advisable. Each line, each scene, each characteristic is so laconic, clever, thin and deep that I think that the "New World" from the very beginning of its existence is nothing so solid, so strong did not print, "Solzhenitsyn's Shalamov wrote. -<…> In the story, everything is reliably. " Unlike many readers who did not know the camps, he praised Solzhenitsyn for the use of Brahi ("camp life, camp, camp thoughts are not conceivable without Matishchina, without swearing the most lattern word").

Like other former prisoners, Shalaov noted that Ivan Denisovich's camp - "light", not quite real "(unlike Ust-Izhma, a real camps, which" makes himself up in a story, like a white couple through the cracks of the cold barrack "):" In a platform camp, where Shukhov sits, he has a spoon, a spoon for a real camp - an extra tool. And soup, and porridge such a consistency that you can drink across the board, about the Sanitary Cat walks - the cat is incredibly for the real camp - the cat would have been ate long ago. " "There are no BLANIES in your camp! He wrote Solzhenitsyn. - Your camp without lice! The security service is not responsible for the plan, does not embroider it with butts.<…> Bread leave at home! Spoons eat! Where is this wonderful camp? If I would sit down there at one time. " All this does not mean that Shalamov blamed Solzhenitsyn in fiction or the embellishment of reality: Solzhenitsyn himself recognized him in a response letter that his camp experience compared to Shalamovsky "was shorter and easier", in addition Solzhenitsyn, from the very beginning, was going to show "Camp is very prosperous and in Very good day. "

In the camp that's who breathes: who is a bowl licking, who hopes for the Sunchast but who walks to Kum

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

The only falsity of the tale of Shalamov saw Buynovsky Kavengen's figure. He believed that the typical figure of a dispute officer, who shouts the convoy "You Do not have the right" and the like, was only in 1938: "Everything, so screaming, were shot." Shalamov seems implausible that Kaverogengen did not know about the camp reality: "From 1937, for fourteen years in his eyes, shoots, repression, arrests, take his comrades, and they disappear forever. And the Kurnogengen does not make it difficult to think about it. He rides on the road and sees the guard of the camp ridges everywhere. And does not make a little labor to think about it. Finally, he passed the investigation, because he got into the camp after the investigation, and not before. And nevertheless, I did not think about anything. He could not see this at two conditions: or Kavengennig for fourteen years he stayed in far swimming, somewhere on a submarine, fourteen years not climbing the surface. Or fourteen years passed thoughtless, and when they took it, it became not good. "

In this remark, the worldview of Shalamov passed through the most terrible camp conditions: people who retained some welfare or doubts after experienced experience, he had a suspicion. Dmitry Bykov compares Shalamov with a prisoner of Auschwitz, the Polish writer Tadeusche Borovsky: "The same disbelief in a person and the same refusal of any consolations - but Borovsky went further: he had ever survived under suspicion. Once survived - it means someone betrayed or something came " 44 Bykov D. L. Soviet literature. Advanced course. M.: Prosisaik, 2015. C. 405-406. ⁠ .

In his first letter, Solzhenitsyn instructs Shalamov: "Remember, the most important thing: camp - a negative school from the first to the last day for anyone." Not only the correspondence of Shalamov with Solzhenitsyn, but - first of all - "Kolyma stories" are able to convince anyone who seems to be that in the "one day of Ivan Denisovich" shows inhuman conditions: there is a lot, much worse.

bibliography

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The entire list of references

Spiral Treason Solzhenitsyn Rhazazach Tomash

Tale "One Day Ivan Denisovich"

In the life of Alexander Solzhenitsyn really came a great day.

In 1962, one of the leading Soviet literary journals "New World" issued his story "One Day of Ivan Denisovich". The action in it is known to be played in the correctional labor camp.

Much of the fact that for many years responded painful pain in the heart of every honest person - the question of the Soviet correctional labor camps - that was the object of speculations, hostile propaganda and slander in bourgeois press, suddenly acquired the form of a literary product containing inimitable and unique imprints of personal impressions .

It was a bomb. However, it exploded not immediately. Solzhenitsyn, according to N. Reshetovskaya, wrote this story in a rapid pace. L. K. became the first reader, who came to Solzhenitsyn in Ryazan on November 2, 1959.

"This is a typical production story," he responded. - Yes, even overloaded with details. " So expressed his competent opinion on this story L. K. - the educated philologist, "the storehouse of literary erudition", as it is called.

This review is perhaps even more stricter than the long-lasting assessment of Boris Lavrenyev's early works of Solzhenitsyn. An ordinary production story. This means: a book, which in the Soviet Union of those years, it came out with hundreds, - extreme schematism, nothing new in shape or in content. Awesome! And yet, it was L. K. that achieved the publication of the "one day of Ivan Denisovich". The story liked Alexander Trifonovich Tvordovsky, and, although he considered the author, a "talented artist, but inexperienced writers," he still provided him with the opportunity to perform on the pages of the magazine. Tvardovsky belonged to those representatives of their generation, the path of which was not so simple and glad. This wonderful person and the famous poet because of its nature often suffered from the fact that it complicated some of the most common vital problems. The poet communist who won his immortal poems of the heart is not only his people, but also millions of foreign friends. The life of A. Tvardovsky, according to his own words, was a permanent discussion: if he doubted something, simply and frankly expressed his views on objective reality, as if checking herself. He prior to fanatism was faithful to the motto: "All that is talented, useful to Soviet society."

Tvardovsky supported the young author Solzhenitsyn, being convinced that his work would benefit the case of socialism. He believed in itI absolutely not knowing that this guy with experience has already planted in different cities a few ready-made Paskville to the Soviet socialist system. And the Twardovsky defended him. His story was published - the bomb exploded. "One day of Ivan Denisovich" was very quickly published in the Soviet Union with three mass colors. And he was successful for the reader. In Ryazan, letters came from the former comrades Solzhenitsyn on the conclusion. Many of them learned in the main hero of this work of their former brigadier from Ekibastuz camp. Even from a distant Leningrad arrived L. Samutyin, to personally meet the author and congratulate it.

"I saw in him a relative soul, a man who knows and understands life, live by us," L. Samutyn told me.

The story was immediately translated almost all European languages. It is curious that a fairly well-known representative of the counter-revolutionary motion of 1968-1969 translated into Czech this story, and one of the organizers of the counter-revolution in Czechoslovakia, the son of BeloEmigrant, the writer, especially enthusiastically welcomed it.

Solzhenitsyn immediately found himself there, where he dreamed to boil back from Rostov, - on the top. Again firstas in school them. Malevich. His name was inclined to all the frets. For the first time it appeared on the pages of Western press. And Solzhenitsyn immediately launched a special folder with clippings from a foreign press, which Alexander Isaevich did not understand because of the ignorance of foreign languages, but still often moved and carefully kept.

These were the days when he was resting.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn was invited to the Kremlin and had a conversation with a man, thanks to which the story "one day Ivan Denisovich" saw the light, - with N. S. Khrushchev. Without hiding his favor to Solzhenitsyn, he gave him a car, which he gave the nickname "Denis" in honor of his story. Then everything was done to write the writer to whom he believed, could move to a more comfortable apartment. The state not only provided him with a four-room apartment, but also allocated a well-maintained garage.

The path was open.

But was this true success? And what was he called?

L. K. prone to the scientific analysis of L. K. Makes such a discovery: "It's just charming to find that 10 readers of the" New World ", asking for the fate of Kaväntan Buynovsky, had only 1.3 interested in whether Ivan Denisovich lived before the liberation. The readers were more interested in the camp as such, living conditions, the nature of labor, the attitude of the "occasion" to work, order, etc. ".

On the pages of some foreign newspapers it was possible to read the comments of more freely and critical literary critics that attention is not a literary success, but a political game.

And what about Solzhenitsyn?

Rutovskaya in his book describes that he was very upset by the review of Konstantin Simonov in Izvestia; Disappointed to such an extent that Tvardovsky just forcibly made him read the article of the famous writer.

Solzhenitsyn was angry with the fact that Konstantin Simonov did not pay attention to his language. Solzhenitsyn should not be considered a literary failure. In no case. He read a lot and disassembled in the literature. Therefore, he had to conclude: readers were interested not the main character, but the environment. The colleague writer with acute ace did not pay attention to the literary abilities of Solzhenitsyn. And printing more emphasized attention on a political aspect than on the literary advantages of the story. It can be assumed that this conclusion forced Solzhenitsyn not one hour to spend in sorrowful thoughts. In short: this is for him that has already made himself an outstanding writer meant a catastrophe. And he in an accelerated pace hurried to "go out." After completing the Matrenin Dvor and "Case at the Station of the Kingcheivka", he told his wife: "Now let them judge. That, the first, was, say, the theme. And this is clean literature. "

At that moment, he could become a "fighter for the cleansing of socialism from Stalin's beggars", as they said. He could become a fighter against the "barbarous communism". It all depended on the circumstances. Initially, everything testified that he was inclined to elect the first.

After the undisputed success, who had his story among readers, "one day Ivan Denisovich", they even rummaged that Solzhenitsyn will receive the Lenin Prize. A wide discussion in the "Pravda" launched around this issue. Some were for, others against how it always happens. However, then the case received several other turns.

For Solzhenitsyn, this meant not only disappointment, but also - first of all - a new choice of life path.

Everything said that he can go in the direction where he shows the "Arrow".

As the daughter of the famous Soviet poet Solzhenitsyn stated, authoritarianism badly gets along with morality. She wrote with indignation: "Approving the primacy of morality over politics, you, in the name of your personal political intentions, consider it possible to cross all sorts of pervolored limits. You allow yourself to unceremoniously use the overheard and peeped into the locking well, bring gossip obtained not first-hand, do not stop even before "quote" night nonsense A. T., recorded, according to your assurance, literally. " [The fact is that Solzhenitsyn in one of his "creations" allowed himself to portray Alexander Tvardovsky in a very unsightly light, slandering, mixing it with mud and humiliating his human dignity. - T. R.]

"Calling people" live not by lies ", you with extreme cynicism ... tell how the deception rule in communication is not only with those who were considered enemies, but also with those who extended you to help your hand, supporting time in difficult for you, Trusting you ... You are not inclined to reveal with the completeness that is advertised in your book. "

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At five o'clock in the morning, as always, struck the rise - the hammer of the rail at the boarama. The intermittent clinking was weakly passed through the glasses, alone in two fingers, and soon fell: it was cold, and the warden was reluctant to wave a long time.

The ringing of pasties, and outside the window is the same as among the night, when Shukhov got up to the pacaracy, there was darkness and darkness, yes three yellow lantern fell into the window: two - on the zone, one - inside the camp.

And the barrack did not mess with something, and not to hear was that the daily poured paracted baroch on the sticks - to carry out.

Shukhov never woke up lifting, always got up on him - before the divorce was an hour and a half of his time, not a state, and who knows the camp life, can always work out: to sew someone from the old lining case on mittens; To the rich brigadist to serve dry boots right on the bed, so that the barefoot does not get tread around the bays, do not choose; Or run along the covers, where who need to serve, sweeping up or bring something; Or go to the dining room to collect bowls from the tables and demolish them with slides in the dishwasher - they will also feed, but there are a lot of hunters, there is no choice, and most importantly - if in a bowl that remains, you can not hold, you will start to lick my bowls. And Shukhov was firmly remembered by the words of his first brigadier of the Czemina - the old was the camp wolf, sat down to nine hundred and forty-year-old years for twelve years and his replenishment brought from the front, somehow on a bare request by the fire said:

- Here, guys, law - Taiga. But people live here. In the camp that's who breathes: who is a bowl who licks, who hopes for the Sunchast, but who goes to Kum.

About Kuma is, of course, he beat. They saved themselves. Only saving them - on someone else's blood.

Always got the shukhov at the lifting, and today did not get up. Back in the evening he was not on my own, it was not so bad, he was broken. And at night it was not hidden. Through the dream mounted - it seemed to be completely sick, then it was small. Everything did not want morning.

But the morning came as myself.

Yes, and where they will be silent - on the window of the land is notable, and on the walls along the joint with the ceiling throughout the barrack - a healthy baraki! - Paulinka white. Frost.

Shukhov did not get up. He lay on the top of the lining, with his head covered with a blanket and a bump, and in the tank bright, in one exposed sleeve, putting both feet together. He did not see, but on the sounds everyone understood what was done in the barrack and in their brigadel corner. Here, heavily stepping on the corridor, the daythy suffered one of the eights of the Paras. It is considered a disabled person, easy work, and well, I'll find it, not a break! Here in the 75th brigade they slammed a bunch of felt boots from the dryer. But - and in our (and our place was to dry up today). The brigadier and the Pombrigadir are shoved silently, and the lining will crept them. Pombrigadyr will now go to the breadstorm, and the brigadier is in the staff of the Barack, to the uniforms.

Yes, not just to the uniforms, as every day he walks, - Shukhov remembered: Today, fate is solved - they want their 104th brigade to fugue from the construction of workshops to the new object "Sotzbytodok". And the Socybaltodok is the field naked, in the sakes of snowy, and before doing what to do there, you need to dig pits, put the poles and barbed wire from ourselves to pull themselves - so as not to escape. And then build.

There, loyal matter, there will be no one for a month - no caphine. And the fire does not intelligence - how to trample? Look at the conscience - one salvation.

Brigadier is concerned, settle goes. Some other brigade, unstoppage, instead of pushing yourself there. Of course, you can't agree with empty hands. Polkulo sala Senior Children to incur. And even a kilogram.

The testing is not a loss, do not try in the Sunchasts to kill, get free from work on the day? Well, straight all the body is discouraged.

And yet - which of the warders is on duty today?

On duty - remembered: one and a half Ivan, thin yes, a long sergeant. The first time we look - right scary, and I learned it - from all dutymen of the duty: it does not put in the Cake, it does not pull to the head of the regime. So you can lie down, as long as the dining room is ninth baraks.

The lining shook and stopped. Two immediately got up: at the top - Neighbor Shukhov Baptist Aleshka, and at the bottom - Buynovsky, captain of the second rank former, Kurnogengen.

Old men, making both pairs, passed, who go for boiling water. Browsed bindingly like women. The electric welder from the 20th Brigade crushed:

- Hey, Fitoli! - And launched in them the boots. - Pomir!

Wovenok deafly broke on the pillar. Silenced.

In the next brigade a little burkotel Pombrigadyr:

- Vasil Fedorych! In the dressy disturbed, Gada: there were nine hundred and four, and it became three only. Who is no one?

He said quietly, but, of course, the whole brigade heard and pulled out: someone will cut a piece from someone in the evening.

And Shukhov lay and lay on the mattress pressed sawdust. At least one side took - or scored in the chill, or the loss passed. And then neither

While the Baptist whispered prayers, Buinovsky returned from the breeze and announced to anyone, but as if gloating:

- Well, hold on, redflowers! Thirty degrees faithful!

And Shukhov decided to go to the Sunchast.

And immediately, someone who has the power hand drove the tank and blanket from him. Shukhov threw off the Bushland from his face, raised. Under it, equal to the head with the upper challenge, stood thin Tatar.

So, he was not on duty, he sneaked quietly.

- Eight hundred fifty four! - I read the tatar with a white beam on the back of a black bustra. - Three days kondeya with a conclusion!

And he barely had his special sophisticated voice, as in the whole haired barrack, where the light was burning not every, where there were two hundred people on the semolot of flip-flip clapping, they immediately dressed and began to hang out all who had not got up.

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The idea of \u200b\u200bthe story "One Day of Ivan Denisovich" came Alexander Solzhenitsyn during the conclusion in the camp of the special regime in the winter of 1950-1951. It was able to implement it only in 1959. Since then, the book has been reprinted several times, after which it was withdrawn from the sale and libraries. In free access at home, the story appeared only in 1990. The actually existing people who knew the author who knew during his stay at the camps or on the front were actually used for character characters.

Life Shukhov in a special regime camp

The story begins with a lifting signal in a special mode camp. This signal was filled with a hammer blow on the rail. The main character - Ivan Shukhov never waking up the lifting. There was about one and a half hours of free time between him and the beginning of work at the zekov, in which it was possible to work. Such part-around could be help in the kitchen, sewing or cleaning in captors. Shukhov always with joy worked, but that day he was not healthy. He lay and thought, whether he should go to the Sanchast. In addition, the man was disturbed by rumors that their brigade would be sent to the construction of a "social town", instead of the construction of workshops. And this work promised to be a cauldron - in the cold without the possibility of heating, far from the barracks. Brigadier Shukhov went to settle this question with supervisors, and, by the assumptions of Shukhov, bribe into the form of Sala.
Suddenly, the man and Bushlate, which he was covered with a man, rudely. These were the hands of the supervisor named Tatar. He immediately threatened Shukhov three days of "Condeya with the conclusion". At the local jargon, it marked - three days of Carcera with the conclusion to work. Shukhov became nagano to ask for forgiveness from the warder, but he remained adamant and told a man to go. Shukhov submissively hurried after Tatarin. There was a terrible frost on the street. The prisoner looked at the big thermometer, hanging in the courtyard. According to the rules, at a temperature below forty-one degrees, it was not derived to work.

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Meanwhile, the men came to the room of the warders. There, Tatarin generously proclaimed that she forgets Shukhov, but he must wash the floor in this room. The man suggested such an outcome, but he became nigiginally thank the wardrift for softening the punishment and promised never to miss the lifting. Then he rushed to the well for water, reflecting, as if to wash the floor and not to wet the boots, because he did not have a replacement shoe. Once over eight years, the misfortunes were given great leather boots. Shukhov loved them very much and Bereg, but the shoes had to pass when the boots were given to their place. For nothing, for all the time he did not regret it like that of those shoes.
Quickly wash the floor, the man rushed to the dining room. She was a very gloomy building filled with steam. Men were sitting on the long tables by walking the balanteas and porridge. The rest crowded in the passage, waiting for their turn.

Shukhov in Sanchasti

Each brigade of prisoners existed a hierarchy. Shukhov was not the last person in his, so when he came with the dining room, the guy lowered his rank was sitting and suthed his breakfast. Balant and porridge were already cooled and became practically inedible. But Shukhov ate it all thoughtfully and slowly, he reflected that in the camp of the zekov only there is a personal time that ten minutes for breakfast and five minutes for lunch.
After breakfast, the man went to the Sanchast, who almost reached her, he remembered that he had to go to buy a self-admission from Lithuanza, who came the parcel. But he still chose Sanchast a little. Shukhov entered the building that did not get tired to hit him with his whiteness and purity. All cabinets were still locked. Feldscher Nikolai Vdovushkin was sitting at the post, and diligently removed the words on the sheets of paper.

Our hero noted that Kolya writes something "left", that is, not related to work, but immediately concluded that it does not apply to it.

He complained to Feldeshu on poor well-being, he gave him a thermometer, but warned that the outfits were already distributed, and it was necessary to complain about his health in the evening. Shukhov understood that he would not be able to stay in the Sacraist. Widowshkin continued to write. Few people knew that Nikolai became a paramedic only on the zone. Before that, he was a student of the literary institute, and the local doctor Stepan Grigorovich took him to work, in the hope that he would write here what he could not in the wild. Shukhov did not stop wondering the purity and silence that reigned in the Sanchast. For fun five minutes he spent in idleness. The thermometer showed thirty seven and two. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov silently walked the cap and hurried to Barak - to join his one hundred fourth brigade before work.

Sigor weekdays prisoners

Brigadier Tyurin sincerely glad that Shukhov did not get into the Cake. He gave him a soldering, which consisted of bread and washed up on top of him slide sugar. The prisoner hastily slipped sugar and sewed half the bread in the mattress. He hid the second part of the soldering into the pocket of the tag. At the signal of the brigadier, men moved to work. Shukhov noticed with satisfaction that they go to the previous place - it means Tyurina managed to agree. On the way of the prisoners, I was waiting for "Shmon". It was a procedure for identifying whether they would not endure the camp of something forbidden. Today, the process was led by Lieutenant Volkovkov, who was even afraid of the head of the camp. Despite the frost, he forced men to undress to the shirt. Everyone, who had extra clothes, was carried. Singarious of Shukhov Buynovsky - the former Hero of the Soviet Union, indignant by such behavior of the authorities. He accused Lieutenant that he was not a Soviet man, for which immediately received ten days of a strict regime, but only on return from work.
After the splash, the zekov was built in the ranks of five, carefully recalculated and sent under the convoy to the cold steppe to work.

Frost stood such that everyone was kept their faces with rags and silently walked in the ground. Ivan Denisovich, to distract from the hungry grocery in his stomach, began to think about how to write a letter home soon.

Letters were supposed to him two a year, and no longer needed. He did not see his relatives from the summer, forty first, and now there was a fifty-year fifty-year. The man pondered that he now has more common topics with neighbors in Naram than from Rodnoy.

Letters of the wife

In his rare letters, the wife wrote Shukhov about a heavy collective farm life, which is pulling only women. Guys who returned from the war work on the side. Ivan Denisovich could not understand how you could not want to work on my land.

The wife said that many in their parts are engaged in fashionable profitable fishery - painting carpets. An unhappy woman hoped that her husband would also take this business when he would return home, and it would help the family to get out of poverty.

In the working area

Meanwhile, one hundred fourth brigade got to the working area, they were built again, recalculated and let in the territory. Everything was loose-rebelo, there were boards, sinters, sealing traces of foundation were visible, the prefabricated houses were visible. Brigadier TURIN went to get outfit for a brigade for the day. Men using the chance, ran into a wooden large building on the territory, heated. The place near the furnace was occupied by the thirty-eighth brigade, which worked there. Shukhov, with their comrades, hid just at the wall. Ivan Denisovich could not cope with the temptation and ate almost all the bread, which is supplied for lunch. After twenty minutes later, the brigadier appeared, and his appearance was dissatisfied. The brigade was sent to finish the building of the CHP left since the autumn. Tyurin distributed work. Shukhov and Latvoy Kildygs got the outfit on the masonry of the walls, as they were the best masters in the brigade. Ivan Denisovich was an excellent bricklayer, Latvian - a carpenter. But first, it was necessary to insulate the building, where men had to work and build a stove. Shukhov and Kildygs went to the other end of the yard to bring a roll roll. This material they were going to close holes in the windows. The only needed to carry in the Building of Czech in secret from Probala and Schukachi, who followed the fragmentation of building materials. Men put a roll vertically and, tightly pressing him with their bodies, carried into the building. The work was coordinated, each prisoner worked with the thought - the more brigade will do, every single dick will receive a big soldering. Tyurin was a strict brigadier, but just, under his beginning everyone received a deserved piece of bread.

Closer to the dinner, the furnace was built, the windows are clogged with the Toler, and some of the workers even sat down to relax and warm the cold hands at the hearth. Men began to push Shukhov that he was almost one foot on freedom. The term was given to him at ten years. He managed to serve eight of them. Many comrades Ivan Denisovich had to be sitting for another twenty-five years.

Memories of the past

Shukhov began to remember how it all happened to him. He sat for betraying his homeland. In February, forty-second year, all of their army was surrounded by the North-West. Cartridges and food ended. So the Germans became all their forests in the forests. And Ivan Denisovich caught. He stayed in captivity a couple of days - fled down with comrades. When they reached their own - the carpet three of the rifle laid. Shukhov survived with a comrade, so they immediately in German spies and recorded. Then in counterintelligence broke a long time, forced to sign all the papers. If I had not signed - I would kill at all. Ivan Denisovich managed to visit several camps. The previous ones were not a strict regime, but it was even harder to live there. On the forestry, for example, they were forced to refine the daily norm at night. So here everything is not so bad, judged Shukhov. To which one of his comrades feet objected that in this camp there are people. So here is clearly no better than in domestic camps. Indeed, lately in the camp, two pokcs and one poor worker, obviously confusing a sleeping place. Strange things have become going on.

Lunch of prisoners

Suddenly prisoners heard a beep - energy trains, then it's time to dine. Deputy Brigadier Paul called Shukhov and the youngest in the brigade - Gopkchik to take places in the dining room.

The dining room in production was a rudely chocarized wooden floor building, separated into two parts. In one cook cooked porridge, in the other - the Zekka dined. On the day, fifty grams of cereals were distinguished on one prisoner. But there was a lot of privileged categories who had a double portion: brigadiers, employees of the office, six, Sannaster, who watched the cooking of food. As a result, the awards got the servings very small, barely covered the bottom of the bowls. That day Shukhov was lucky. Calculating the number of servings on the brigade, the cook was lazy. Ivan Denisovich, who helped Paul to count bowls, called the wrong digit. The cook is confused, and I calculated. As a result, the brigade turned out two unnecessary portions. But only the brigadier was to decide who would come. Shukhov in the shower hoped that he. In the absence of Tyurin, who was in the office, commanded Paul. He gave one portion of Shukhov, and the second - Buynovsky, who has just passed over the last month.

After a meal, Ivan Denisovich went to the office - puffed porridge another member of the brigade, which worked there. That was the film director named Caesar, he was a Muscovite, a rich intellectual and never went to the outfits. Shukhov found him smoking a phone and speaking of art with some old man. Caesar accepted porridge and continued the conversation. And Shukhov returned to the CHP.

Memories of Tyurin

The brigadier was already there. He knocked her guys good portions soldering for this week and was in a fun mood. Usually, silent Tyurin began to remember his life for her. I remembered how they excluded him in the thirtieth year from the ranks of the Red Army for the fact that his father was a fist. As he got home to her home, but his father was no longer found, as he managed to flee from his native home with a little brother. Togo, he gave his thieves in a whip and had never seen again.

They listened to his zeks carefully with respect, and it was time to work for work. It was started to work before the call, because before the lunch were occupied by arranging their workplace, and they have not done anything to the norm. Tyurin ruled that Shukhov would put one wall with a slam block, and he was recorded in the apprentice to him a friendly deaf with Senka Clevche. They said that he ran three times from captivity three times, and even Buchenwald passed. The brigadier for a couple with Kildigs himself took the second wall. In the cold, the solution quickly frozen, so it was necessary to lay the slag block quickly. The spirit of rivalry so captured the men that the remaining members of the brigade had barely managed to bring them a solution.

So a hundred fourth brigade was earned that it was barely to recalculate at the gate, which at the end of the working day was held. They all put on top of top and began to count with closed gates. The second time they had to recalculate already at the open. Total alarms at the facility should have been four hundred sixty-three. But after three recalculations, all four hundred sixty-two were obtained. The convoy ordered everyone to build on brigades. It turned out that there was not enough Moldavian from the thirty second. They rumored that, unlike many other prisoners, he was a real spy. The brigadier and the assistant rushed to the object to seek the missing, all the others stood on Lyudi frost, beaten by anger on Moldavian. It became clear that the evening disappeared - nothing will be able to catch in the territory before the pen. And before the barracks, the path was not more difficult. But in the distance it seemed three figures. Everyone sighed with relief - found.

It turns out that the missing was hiding from the brigadier and fell asleep on the scaffolding. The aces began to displacing Moldavian on what the light costs, but quickly calmed down, everyone already wanted to leave the industrial zone.

Hacksaw hidden

Already in front of the spump on the watch, Ivan Denisovich agreed with the director Caesar, which will go to take a queue in the parcel. Caesar was from the rich - parcel received twice a month. Shukhov hoped for his service a young man and he would reinforce something to eat or smoke. Before the inspection of shukhov, in a habit, inspected all pockets, although nothing forbidden today was not going to ride. Suddenly in his pocket on his knee, he discovered a piece of hacksaw, which picked up in the snow at the construction site. At all, he forgot about the find in the working fake. And now there was a pity knucking. She could bring him earnings or ten days of Cartera if they would find. At your own risk, he hid the hacksaw in a mitten. And then Ivan Denisovich was lucky. The guard, which inspected it, distracted. He managed to squeeze only one mitten, and did not watch the second. Happy shukhov rushed to catch up with his.

Dinner in the zone

Having passed through all the numerous gates, the Zeks finally felt "free people" - all rushed to do their own business. Shukhov ran in the queue for parcels. He himself did not receive the parcels - she forbade the head of the clutch from the kids to tear off. But still Schemo his heart when someone from the neighbors across the barrack came parcel. Ten minutes later, Caesar appeared and allowed Shukhov to eat his dinner, and himself took his place in the queue.

Kinopoisk.ru.

Outlined Ivan Denisovich rushed to the dining room.
There, after the ritual of finding free trays and places behind the tables, a hundred fourth finally sat down to dinner. Hot balancing pleasantly warmed the extended body from the inside. Shukhov reflected on what a good day was issued - two servings at lunch, two in the evening. Bread did not eat - I decided to strain, Caesar's solder also grabbed with me. And after dinner, the burden rushed in the seventh Barak, he himself lived in the ninth, to buy self-suicide at Latvian. Carefully won two rubles from under the lining of the telogray, Ivan Denisovich walked for tobacco. After that, hastily ran "home". Caesar was already in the barrack. Around his bed, dizzying smells of sausage and smoked fish were broadcast. Shukhov did not stare on the hotel, and politely suggested the director of his scrapping. But Caesar did not take. About the larger shukhov and did not dream. He climbed up, on his bed to catch the hide of the hacksaw until the evening build. Caesar invited Buynovsky to tea, it was a sorry for him to go out. They sat, having fun stuck sandwiches when the former hero came. I did not forgive my morning trick - Captain Buinovsky went to Caracuser for ten days. And then the check is granted. And Caesar did not have time to start checking to pass its products into the storage chamber. Now, two of him leaving him - either during recalculation will be taken away, or shook from the bed, if he leaves. She became a pity of the intellectual sorry for him, so he whispered him, so that Caesar on the recalculation of the very latter went out, and he in the forefront hurts, and they will post the hotels in turn.

Reward for work

Everything happened as it is impossible. Delicates of the capital remained intact. And Ivan Denisovich received his several cigarettes for the works, a couple of cookies and one mug sausage. He shared the cookie with the Baptist Alesh, who was his neighbor in Naram, and ate the sausage himself. It was pleasantly at Shukhov in his mouth from meat. Smiling, Ivan Denisovich thanked God for another day. Today, everything was good for him - the illness did not dump him, I did not please in the Cake, I got sick with a soldering, I managed to buy Samosad. Good day. And in total, Ivan Denisovich in the period of days there were three thousand six hundred and fifty three ...