Famous historical dates. The most important dates of world and Russian history

14.10.2019

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Dates of the history of Russia

This section presents the most important dates of the history of Russia.

Brief chronology of Russia's history.

Vi in. n. er, since 530 - the great resettlement of Slavs. First mention of the people of RES / RUS
860 - the first trip of Rus on Constantinople
862 - a year to which the "Tale of Bygone Years" refers the "calling of the Norman Konong" Rurik.
911 - the campaign of the Kiev prince Oleg on the Tsargrad and the contract with Byzantia.
941 - the campaign of Kiev Prince Igor to Constantinople.
944 - Igor's contract with Byzantia.
945 - 946. - submission to Kiev Drevlyan
957 - Trip Knyagini Olga to Tsargrad
964-966 - Hikers of Svyatoslav on Kamsky Bulgarians, Khazar, Yasov and Kasov
967-971 - War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
988-990. - the beginning of the baptism of Russia
1037 - Bookmark of the Sofia Temple in Kiev
1043 - the campaign of Prince Vladimir on Byzantium
1045-1050 - Building Sofia Temple in Novgorod
1054-1073 - Presumably during this period appears "True Yaroslavichi"
1056-1057 - "Ostromiro Gospel"
1073 - "Exponna" Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
1097 - First Congress of Princes in Lishech
1100 - The Second Congress of Princes in Guisix (Vitichev)
1116 - the appearance of the "Tale of Bygone Years" in the editorial office of the Sylvester
1147 - the first chronicle mention of Moscow
1158-1160. - Building the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
1169 - Taking Kiev by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1170 February 25 - Victory of Novgorods over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1188 - Approximate date of the appearance of "Word about the regiment of Igor"
1202 - the basis of the Order of the Middle Eastern (Livonian Order)
1206 - the proclamation of Techurian "Great Khan" Mongols and the adoption of the name of Cenghis Khan
1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsy on r. Rolling
1224 - Taking Yuryeva (Tartu) by the Germans
1237 - Association of the Order of the Middle Eastern and Teutonic Order
1237-1238 - the invasion of Khan Batya to Northeast Rus
1238 March 4 - Battle on r. City
1240 g..15 July - Victory of Novgorod Prince Alexander Yaroslavich over Swedish knights on r. Neve
1240. December 6 (or November 19) - Taking Mongol-Tatars Kiev
1242 on April 5 - "Ice Battery" on the Church of the Lake
1243 - Education of the Golden Horde.
1262 - uprising against Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
1327 - uprising against Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1367 - Construction of the Kremlin in Moscow
1378 - The first victory of the Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. Very
1380 September 8 - Kulikovskaya battle
1382 - a campaign to Moscow Khan Tokhtamysh
1385 - Krevskaya Union of the Grand Principality of Lithuanian with Poland
1395 - the defeat of the Golden Horde Timur (Tamerlane)
1410 July 15 - Grunwald Battle. Ragrome of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
1469-1472 - Journey Athanasius Nikitina to India
1471 - Camping Ivan III to Novgorod. Battle on r. Sheloni.
1480 - "Standing" on r. Ugra. The end of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and grain chamber
1507-1508, 1512-1522. - Wars of the Moscow State with the Grand Durability Lithuanian. Scope of Smolensk and Smolensk Earth
1510 - Joining Pskov to Moscow
1547 January 16 - Wedding Ivan IV for the kingdom
1550 - the judiciary Ivan Grozny. Creation of Streletsky Troops
1550 October 3 - Decree on the writage of "Selected Thousand" in the villages adjacent to Moscow
1551 - February-May - the Stallow Cathedral of the Russian Church
1552 - Taking Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of Kazan Khanate
1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Russia
1558-1583 - Livonian War
1565-1572 - Oprichnina
1569 - Lublin Sania. Speech formation compulculated
1582 January 15 - a truce of the Russian state with a response respondent in the Sapolsk
1589 - the establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1590-1593 - War of the Russian state with Sweden
1591 May - the death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
1595 - Conclusion of the Tankinsky world with Sweden
1598 January 7 - Death of King Fedor Ivanovich and the cessation of the Rurikovsky dynasty
1604 October - Intervention of Lhadmitria I within the limits of the Russian state
1605 June - the overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Flawing of Falsmitria I.
1606 - uprising in Moscow and the murder of Falsmitria I
1607 - the beginning of the Intervention of Falsmitria II
1609-1618. - Open Polish-Swedish Intervention
1611 March-April - the creation of militia against the intervention
1611 September-October - the creation of a militia under the leadership of minin and a fire in Nizhny Novgorod
1612 October 26 - the capture of the Moscow Kremlin Militia of Minin and Pozhal
1613 - February 7-21 - Election of the Zemsky Cathedral for the Kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanova
1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of King Mikhail Fedorovich
1648 - the uprising in Moscow - "Salt Bunk"
1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649-1652 - Hiking Yerofey Khabarova in Daurgy land on Amuru
1652 - Dedication to Nikon in Patriarchs
1653 - Zemsky Cathedral in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
1654 January 8-9 - Pereyaslavskaya Rada. Reunion of Ukraine with Russia
1654-1667 - War of Russia with Poland because of Ukraine
1667 January 30 - Andrusovsky truce
1670-1671 - The peasant war under the leadership of S. Razin
1676-1681 - War of Russia with Turkey and Crimea for the right bank
1681 January 3 - Bakhchisarai truce
1682 - Cancellation
1682 May - Streletsky uprising in Moscow
1686 - "Eternal World" with Poland
1687-1689. - Crimean CN hiking. V.V. Golitsyn
1689 August 27 - Nerchinsky Treaty with China
1689 SEPTEMBER - overthrowing sofya prison
1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
1696 January 29 - Death of Ivan V. Establishment of a Petter I
1697-1698 - "Great Embassy" Peter I in Western Europe
1698 April-June - Streletsky Bun
1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new summer from January 1, 1700
1700 on July 13 - Constantinople truce with Turkey
1700-1721. - Northern Russia War with Sweden
1700 - Death of Patriarch Adriana. Appointment of Stephen Yavorskoye Location of the Patriarch
1700 November 19 - the defeat of Russian troops near Narva
1703 - the first stock exchange (merchant assembly) in St. Petersburg
1703 - the publication of the textbook "Arithmetic" of Magnitsky
1707-1708 - uprising on Don K. Bulavina
1709 June 27 - the defeat of the Swedish troops in Poltava
1711 - Peter's Prut Camping I
1712 - Decree on the establishment of trading and industrial companies
1714 March 23 - Decree of the Union
1714 July 27 - the victory of the Russian fleet over Swedish during Ganguta
1721 August 30 - Nesteadsky World of Russia with Sweden
1721 October 22 - the adoption by Peter I Imperial Titula
1722 January 24 - Tabel about ranks
1722-1723 - Persian campaign of Peter I
1724 January 28 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1725 January 28 - Death of Peter I
1726 February 8 - the establishment of the Supreme Secret Council
1727 May 6 - Death of Catherine I
1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
1731 - Cancellation of the Declaration of Union
1732 January 21 - a decision of the Persia
1734 - "Treatise on Friendship and Commerce" of Russia with England
1735-1739. - Russian-Turkish war
1736 - Decree on "Eternal Fastening" Masters on Manufactory
1740 From November 8 to November 9, a palace coup, the overthrow of the regent of the Biron. Anna Leopoldna Regenist announcement
1741-1743 - War of Russia with Sweden
1741 November 25 - Palace coup, erection of the Guard to the throne Elizabeth Petrovna
1743 June 16 - the Abosky World with Sweden
1755 January 12 - decree on the basis of Moscow University
1756 August 30 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Theater in St. Petersburg (Troupe F. Volkov)
1759 1 (12) August - Victory of Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
1760 September 28 - Taking by Russian troops of Berlin
1762 February 18 - Manifesto "On the Validity of the Noble
1762 July 6 - the murder of Peter III and the entry into the throne of Catherine II
1764 - the establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
1764 from 4 to July 5 - attempted coup V.Ya. Mirovich. Killing Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg Fortress
1766 - Accession to Russia Aleutian Islands
1769 - the first external loan in Amsterdam
1770 June 24-26 - the defeat of the Turkish fleet in Chesmen Bay
1773-1775 - the first section of the Commonwealth
1773-1775 - The peasant war under the leadership of E.I. Pugacheva
1774 July 10 - Kuchuk-Kaynarzhi World with Turkey
1783 - the accession of the Crimea to Russia 1785 on April 21 - the humble diplomas nobility and cities
1787-1791 - Russian-Turkish war
1788-1790 GG-Russian-Swedish War 1791 December 29 - Yaskaya World with Turkey
1793 - the second section of the Commonwealth
1794 - Polish uprising under the leadership of T. Koscinchenko and its suppression
1795 - Third section of Poland
1796 - The formation of the Malorossiysk province of 1796-1797. - War with Persion
1797 - April 5 - "Establishment of the Imperial Familia"
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns A.V. Suvorov
1799 - Education "United Russian-American Company"
1801 January 18 - Manifesto on the accession of Georgia to Russia
1801 from 11 to 12 March - Palace coup. Murder Paul I. Entry into the throne of Alexander I
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian war
1805 November 20 - Battle with Austerlice
1806-1812 - War of Russia with Turkey
1807 June 25 - Tilzite World
1808-1809 - Russian-Swedish war
1810 January 1 - the establishment of the State Council
1812 - the invasion of the "Great Army" of Napoleon to Russia. Patriotic War
1812 August 26 - Battle in Borodina
1813 January 1 - the beginning of the foreign hike of the Russian army
1813 on October 16-19 - "Battle of Peoples" at Leipzig
1814 March 19 - Joining the Allied Troops in Paris
1814 on September 19-1815 May 28 - Vienna Congress
1825 December 14 - the uprising of the Decembrists in St. Petersburg
1826-1828. - Russian-Iranian war
1827 October 20 - Battle in the Navarino Bay
1828 February 10 - Turkmanchai peace treaty with Iran
1828-1829. - Russian-Turkish war
1829 September 2 - Adrianopol Mirny Treaty with Turkey
1835 July 26 - University Charter
1837 October 30 - Opening of the Railway St. Petersburg Tsarskoe Village
1839-1843 - Monetary reform of the graph E. F. Cankrin
1853 - Opening of the "free Russian printing house" A.I. Herzen in London
1853 - Cocaid Caming Gene. V.A. Perovsky
1853-1856 - Crimean War
1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
1856 March 18 - Paris Treaty
1860 May 31 - State Bank's institution
1861 February 19 - Cancel of Serf Law
1861 - institution of the Council of Ministers
1863 June 18 - University Charter
1864 November 20 - a decree on judicial reform. "New judicial charters"
1865 - Military Reform
1874 January 1 - "Charter on Military Means"
1874 Spring - the first massive "walking in the people" of revolutionary population
1875 April 25 - St. Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands)
1876-1879. - The second "land and will"
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish war
1879 August - split "Earth and Will" on "Black Redone" and "People's Volay"
1881 I am Martha - the murder of revolutionary populists Alexander II
1885 January 7-18 - Morozovskaya strike
1892 - Russian-French Secret Military Convention
1896 - invention of radio telegrapher A.S. Popov
1896 May 18 - Khodynskaya tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
1898 March 1-2 - I Congress RSDLP
1899 May-July - I Hague Conference of the World
1902 - Education of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (ECOMOV)
1904-1905 - Russian-Japanese war
1905 January 9 - "Bloody Sunday". The beginning of the first Russian revolution
1905 April - the formation of the Russian Monarchic Party and the "Union of the Russian People".
1905 May 12 - June 1 - Universal strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Education of the First Council of Workers Deputies
1905 May 14-15 - Tsushimsky Battle
1905 June 9-11 - Uprising in Lodz
1905 June 14-24 - the uprising on the battleship "Potemkin"
1905 August 23 - Portsmouth Mirny Treaty with Japan
1905 on October 7 - the beginning of the All-Russian political strike
1905 October 12-18 - the constituent congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets)
1905 October 13 - the creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers Deputies
1905 October 17 - Manifesto Nicholas II
1905 November - the emergence of the "Union on October 17" (Octobrists)
1905 9-19 December - Moscow Armed Rise
1906 April 27-July 8 - I State Duma
1906 November 9 - the beginning of the agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin
1907 February 20-22 - II State Duma
1907 November 1 - 1912 July 9 - III State Duma
1908 - Education of the reactionary "Union Mikhail Archangel"
1912 November 15 - 1917 February 25 - IV State Duma
1914 on July 19 (August 1) - the announcement of Germany of the Russian war. First World War
1916 May 22-July 31 - Brousilovsky breakthrough
1916 December 17 - Murder Rasputin
1917 February 26 - the beginning of the transition of troops on the side of the revolution
1917 February 27 - February Revolution. Solving autocracy in Russia
1917, March 3 - renunciation led. kn. Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of temporary government
1917 9-24 JUNE - I All-Russian Congress of Councils of Workers and Soldier Deputies
1917 August 12-15 - Public Meeting in Moscow
1917 August 25 - September 1 - Cornilovsky rebellion
1917 September 14-22 - All-Russian Democratic Meeting in Petrograd
1917 October 24-25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Problem of temporary government
1917 October 25 - Opening of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets
1917 October 26 - decrees of the Councils about the world, about Earth. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
1917 November 12 - elections to the Constituent Assembly
1917 December 7 - SNKO decision to create an All-Russian emergency commission to combat counter-revolution (PEC)
1917 December 14 - Decree of the WTCIK on the nationalization of banks
1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
1918-1922. - Civil War in the territory of the former Russian Empire
1918 January 6 - Overclocking of the Constituent Assembly
1918 January 26 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style with I (14) of February
1918 G- March 3 - Conclusion of the Brest World
1918 May 25 - the beginning of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps
1918 July 10 - adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
1920 January 16 - Cancellation of the Blockade of Soviet Russia Entente
1920 - Soviet-Polish War
1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
1921 March 8-16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on "New Economic Policy"
1921 March 18 - Riga peace treaty RSFSR with Poland
1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoese Conference
1922 on April 16 - Rappal Separate Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
1922 December 27 - USSR education
1922 December 30 - I Congress of the Councils of the USSR
1924 January 31 - approval of the USSR Constitution
1928 October - 1932 December - the first five-year plan. The beginning of industrialization in the USSR
1930 - the beginning of solid collectivization
1933-1937 - the second five-year plan
1934 December 1 - Murder S.M. Kirov. Deploying a mass terror in the USSR
1936 December 5 - adoption of the USSR Constitution
1939 August 23 - Soviet-German Pact for nonsense
1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
1939 on September 17 - the input of the Soviet troops to Poland
1939 September 28 - Soviet-German treaty "On Friendship and Borders"
1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
1940 June 28 - the input of the Soviet troops in Bessarabia
1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
1941 on April 13 - Soviet-Japanese neutrality treaty
1941 June 22 - the attack of Nazi Germany and its allies in the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
1945 May 8 - the act of unconditional surrender of Germany. The victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War
1945 September 2 - Act on the unconditional surrender of Japan
1945 November 20 - 1946 October 1 - Nuremberg Process
1946-1950. - The fourth five-year plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
1948 August - Session Vaschnil. Start campaign to combat "morganism" and "cosmopolitanism"
1949 January 5-8 - the creation of CEV
1949 August 29 - the first test of the atomic bomb in the USSR
1954 June 27 - Start of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the organization of the Warsaw Treaty (ATS)
1955 July 18-23 - Meeting of the heads of governments of the USSR, Great Britain, USA and France in Geneva
1956 February 14-25 - XX Congress CPSU
1956 June 30 - Decree of the Central Committee of the Central Committee
1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
1957 October 4 - launch in the USSR first in the world of the artificial satellite of the Earth
1961 April 12 - Flight Yu.A. Gagarin on the spacecraft "East"
1965 March 18 - the exit of the pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonov in open space
1965 - reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
1966 June 6 - Decree of the Central Support and CM of the USSR "On the public call of young people on the most important buildings of the five-year plan"
1968 August 21 - Intervention of ATS countries in Czechoslovakia
1968 - Open letter of academician A.D. Sakharov Soviet leadership
1971, March 30 - April 9 - XXIV Congress Congress
1972 May 26 - signing in Moscow "Fundamental relations between the USSR and the United States". The beginning of the policy of "discharge"
1974 February - expulsion from the USSR A.I. Solzhenitsyn
1975 July 15-21 - Joint Soviet-American Experiment on the Soyuz-Apollo program
1975 July 30 - 1 August - Meeting on Safety and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing a final act of 33 countries in Europe, USA and Canada
1977 October 7 - the adoption of the Constitution of "Developed Socialism" of the USSR
1979 December 24 - the beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
1980 January - Link A.D. Sakharov in Gorky
1980 July 19-3 August - Olympic Games in Moscow
1982 May 24 - Adoption of the Food Program
1985 November 19-21 - Meeting M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of the Soviet-American political dialogue
1986 April 26 - Accident at the Chernobyl NPP
1987 June-July - Start of Perestroika Politics in the USSR
1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX CPSU Conference. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
1989 May 25 - June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of changes in the Constitution of the USSR
1990 March 11 - adoption of the independence of Lithuania.
1990 March 12-15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
1990 1BMA-12 JUNE - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration on the State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 March 17 - a referendum on the preservation of the USSR and the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR
1991 June 12 - the election of the President of Russia
1991 July 1 - the dissolution in Prague ATS (organization of the Warsaw Treaty)
1991 August 19-21 - an attempt of the state coup in the USSR (the case of the GCCP)
1991 September - Enter of troops in Vilnius. Attempt of the state coup in Lithuania
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the heads of Russia, Ukraine and the Belarusian Treaty on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR
1992 January 2 - Liberalization of prices in Russia
1992 February 1 - Declaration of Russia and the United States on the termination of the Cold War
1992 March 13 - the paraffin of the federal agreement of the republics in the Russian Federation
1993 Mart - VIII and IX Congres of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
1993 April 25 - All-Russian referendum on the confidence of Russian President's Policy
1993 June - the work of the Constitutional Meeting on the preparation of the draft Constitution of Russia
1993 September 21 - Decree B.N. Yeltsin "On the phased constitutional reform" and the dissolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation
1993 on October 3-4 - demonstrations and armed performances of the prommunist opposition in Moscow. Storming the building of the Supreme Council by the troops, faithful to the President
1993 December 12 - elections to the State Duma and Federation Council. Referendum about the draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation
1994 January 11 - the beginning of the work of the State Duma and the Council of the Federation of the Russian Federation in Moscow

History is a science that collects, studying, systematizing facts and events that occur or happened ever in the past of human civilization. True, there is an opinion that this is not the most serious branch of knowledge. Partly because information about many facts cause doubts about their reliability. In addition, the phenomena occurring in society, everyone can interpret as he likes. But still there are the most important historical events that cannot be deleted from the chronicles of civilization, because they are a kind of foundation, that is, the basis of society and human relationships. Some of them are worth mentioning.

Chronicles of centuries

What are they, historical events that everyone should know? The ancient chronicles will be full of endless wars, the struggle for power between the rulers of various states and conspires of their approximated. Millennium chronicles are faster than the rebellors of the poor against the Zasille rich. Almighty kings are overthrowing during periods of bloody revolutions. And then others come to the place of some tyrants, if not dictators, it is often an individual who do not be deceived and betrayal in their own interests. Enough and bright leaders with a strong character, whom, partly, are not in vain called the great leaders and heroes. The names of many of them have retained history, although the good half of humanity sometimes does not remember that they fought against whom.

World conquerors often occupy the descendants in the memory more honorable place than the discovers of new continents, philosophers, scientists and artists. However, on the scale of civilization, it is creative discoveries that truly contribute to progress. The most important historical events of ancient times are perhaps: conquering fire, domestication of animals and the removal of cultivated plants, invention of wheels, writing and numbers. But who remembers the authors of these discoveries and revolutionary innovation? History does not store their names.

The most famous personality

No one knows: whether this person lived in fact, or his biography from the first to the last word is the purest water with fiction. However, whether it is a real person or myth, whole states have paid around his behalf and the most important historical events took place. For his ideas, there were centuries-old wars and endless verbal battles, where supporters and opponents came across fierce fights. And even the chronicle of the new era leads counting from the date of his birth.

Jesus Christ, as evidenced by the lines of Holy Scripture, was just the son of a simple carpenter from anything not remembered in Israel of the city with the name of Nazareth. It is considered a source of idealistic philosophy, which is based on a variety of religious cults. He was executed in Jerusalem as a criminal, for which he was subsequently deified.

Europe

Each people build their history. In some way she looks like the chronicle of other states. However, it is necessarily endowed with its unique features. The culture of the nation is part of the country's history. It is closely related to the events that occur in the political, state, economic and spiritual fields. This expresses the essence of the nation and human relationship. And every nation has its most important historical events.

In the ancient period in Europe, such civilizations arose such as Hellinskaya and Roman, who subsequently gave other a lot in terms of development of politics, philosophy, science, music, theater and sports. In the first millennium, our era, other nationalities moved to this continent. Among them are Huns, Bulgarians, Khazars, Turks and Vikings. They created many states and civilizations that laid the foundations of modern world culture.

Discovery of America

History keeps the name of this great Spanish navigator, although he got at all at all where it was striving. Christopher Columbus until the end of life did not understand that four expeditions who were committed under his command with the blessing of the Catholic kings were not at all in India. He landed on the island of San Salvador, overlooked with the team on the three ships of the Atlantic Ocean, and saw the outlines of the unknown continent on October 12, 1492. This date is celebrated as the opening day of America and refers to the main historical events that influenced the development of civilization.

The states of the New World, especially the United States, occupy key positions in politics and economy over the past centuries, every year continuing to strengthen the effect on the course of events on the planet.

Formation of Russia

Our state has developed an extensive period of time, uniting from the huge number of scattered tribes of the Eastern Slavs. Tesing the strong influence of Byzantium - the Power, located next door, Russia became Orthodox. It happened more than a thousand years ago. And the adoption of Christianity is considered to be a historical event that influenced the life of Russia radically. New religion has changed the ideas of people, their views, cultural traditions, aesthetic tastes. Until the times of the Zasili Golden Horde, Russia was considered an advanced, cultural, developed country and significant state.

The Kulikov Battle - the Battle, held in September 1380, ended with the defeat of the troops of the Tatar Khan Mamaama, although Russian losses were also significant. But the victory strongly strengthened the authority and the influence of Moscow princes among neighboring peoples and contributed to the final liberation of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke. This achievement, like military glory of later periods, including the defeat of Napoleon's troops in 1812, contributed to the formation of the spirit of the nation. Russians in the world are known for their freedom and the desire for independence and the ability to repulse enemies.

The era of scientific achievements

The classic science of the XIX century, giving tribute to the ancient roots, continued to remain largely metaphysical. However, the fundamental discoveries of the second half of the century committed a revolution in scientists. Here are some of them: cell theory in biology, the law of conservation of energy in physics, the theory of land development in geology.

The idea of \u200b\u200ba gradual change in the numerous types of flora and fauna existing on the planet Earth, Vitala in the air has long been long, but finally made it only in the 19th century in the works of the traveler and naturalist from England Charles Darwin. He published his book about the origin of species in 1859. She initially aroused zealous criticism, especially from religious figures who saw in theory about the emergence of life without divine intervention encroachment on the centuries-old moral foundations.

The opening of the 19th century did not simply influence the minds and worldview of people, but prepared the soil and became an impetus to the subsequent ambitious, large-scale and at the same time tragic historical events of the 20th century.

Age of revolutions, wars and tyrants

The subsequent century marked himself numerous technical innovations, the development of aviation, the discovery of the onset of the structure of the atom and the conquest of its energy, decoding the DNA code, the creation of computers.

The rapid development of the industry and the economic redistribution of peace in the first half of the century became a fundamental reason that collided the strongest states in the most severe bloody world wars, the beginning of which dates back to 1914 and 1939. In this century, the world heard the names of such great titans as Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, radically changing the course of the history of the planet.

The victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, which put the end of a senseless bloodshed in 1945, became the beginning of a new era in world history.

Conquering cosmos

The idea of \u200b\u200bman flights to other planets expressed more progressive astronomers of the Middle Ages. The great scientist Isaac Newton developed theories late as the basis of astronautics. Fantastic travel novels on the moon wrote Jules Verne. Such dreams began to be embodied in reality in April 1961, when a person took place into space. And Yuri Gagarin became the first of earthlings who saw the planet at a different point of view.

The times of the Cold War, followed by the bloody battles of the 20th century, caused not only ridiculous in their madness of the arms race, but also the competition between the leading powers for influence outside the earth's atmosphere. The flight of a person in space supplemented the launches of interplanetary satellites and landing on the Moon of Americans, the first of which took place in July 1969 as part of the Apollo program.

Appearance of the Internet

The first signs of the rapid birthday world wide web began to be felt in the 50s of the stormy past century. It can be said that a cold war was the impetus for her occurrence. The influential circles of the United States were very concerned with the appearance of intercontinental missiles from the USSR, so in urgency, the devices of the lightning transmission of information were invented. To do this, used compounds of computer networks. The basics of the Internet laid the engineer Leonard Clayton. Later, the World Wide Network opened the grandiose opportunities for humanity to communicate and exchange information.

Here is a summary of the story about those historical events that everyone should know. What will happen in the future with the inhabitants of the cozy, but restless planet Earth, will show only the future.

VI-IX centuries. - The formation of tribal unions of the Eastern Slavs.
IX century - The creation of early Eastern Slavs in the Dnieper area and Lake Ilmen.
860 - Joint marine campaign of the Dnieper Slavs and Varyagov on Constantinople (Tsargrad).
862-879. - Discover Rurik in Novgorod.
862-882 - Board in Kiev Princes Askold and Dira.
882-912 - Prince Oleg in Kiev.
907 - The campaign of Prince Oleg on Constantinople. The first agreement of Russia with Byzantia about friendly relations, international trade and navigation standards.
911 - The second treaty of Russia with Byzantium.
912-945 - Prince Igor in Kiev.
941 - First campaign of Prince Igor to Constantinople, ended with failure.
944 - The second campaign of Prince Igor to Constantinople. Contract of Russia with Byzantium ( Rus lost the right of duty-free trade and was obliged to assist in the protection of border guards with her possession of Byzantium).

945-969. - The Board of Princess Olga in Kiev (after the murder of her husband's her husband Prince Igor).
945-972 (973). - Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich in Kiev.
About 957 - the Embassy of Princess Olga to Constantinople. Accepting Christianity (under the name Elena).
965 - defeat the prince of Svyatoslav Khazar Kaganata (on the Lower Volga). Establishing control over the trade through the Volga-Caspian Sea.
968-971 - Camping Prince Svyatoslav in Danube Bulgaria. Wars with Byzantium and Pechenegs.
968 (969) G. - defeat Pechenegs near Kiev.
971 - Contract of Russia with Byzantium.
972 (or 973) -980. - Interdiscipers in Kiev after the murder of Pechenegs of Prince Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - Prince Vladimir I Svyatoslavich in Kiev.
980 - Creation of a single pantheon of the pagan gods in Kiev.
985 - The campaign of Prince Vladimir on the Volga Bulgar.
988-989 - Baptism of Russia.
990s. - Construction in Kiev Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (Tenty Church).

1015-1019 - Internecompensible wars of the sons of Vladimir I for the grand per-chain throne.
1016-1018, 1019-1054 - Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich Wise in Kiev. Drawing up the arrangement of the laws of "True Yaroslav" - the most ancient part of the "Russian truth".
1024 - uprising in Rostov-Suzdal Earth; Depressed by Prince Yaroslav.
1024 - Section of Russia between Yaroslav Wise and his brother Mstislav in the Dnieper: Right Bank (with Kiev) went to Yaroslav, left bank (with Chernigov) - to Mstislav.
1030-1035 - Construction of Savior Transfiguration cathedral In Chernigov.
1036 - The victory of Prince Yaroslav Wise over the Pechenegs, who provided peace to the world by a quarter of a century (before the arrival in the steppe of Polovtsy).
1037-1041 - Construction of the Sofia Cathedral in Kiev.
1045-1050 - Construction of the Sofia Cathedral in Novgorod.
1051 - TRANSFER OF KNINAY Yaroslav wise author "Words about the Law and Grace" of Hilarion (first of the Russians) on the Metropolitan Department in Kiev. The foundation of the hermit of Anthony Pechersk Resident in Kiev.
1054 - Grand Diction in Kiev Izaslava Yaroslavich . Drawing up the "truth of Yaroslavichi" - the second part of the "Russian truth".

1068 - raid of polovtsy on Rus. The campaign of Russian princes (Yaroslavichi) in the Polovtsy and their defeat on the river. Alta. Rebellious citizens in Kiev. Flight of Izaslav in Poland.
About 1071 - uprisings in Novgorod and Rostov-Suzdal Earth.
1072 - Transfer to the new church of Vyshgorod's relics of the princes of Boris and Gleb (the sons of Prince Vladimir I) killed by Prince's supporters of Svyatopolk, who became the first Russian saints.
1073 - Exile Prince Izyaslav from Kiev.
1093 - The defeat of the princes of Svyatopolka and Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh in the battle with Polovtsy on r. Stagna.
1096 - Victory Prince Svyatopolka over Polovtsy in the battle near Pereyaslavl.
1097 - Congress of princes in Lyubech.
1103 - Dolobsky Congress of Russian princes to prepare for the campaign to the Polovtsy.
1103 - The campaign of the princes Svyatopolka and Vladimir Monomakh in the Polovtsy.
1108 - The foundation of the prince Vladimir II Vsevolodovich city of Vladimir-on-Klyazma.
1111
1113 - uprising in Kiev against the Roshovshchikov. The vocation of Prince Vladimir II Vsevolodovich.

1113-1125 - Great reign in Kiev Vladimir II Vsevolodovich Monomakh. Strengthening the grand mining of power. Edition of the "Charter of Vladimir Monomakh"; Limitation of usury.
1116 - Victory Prince Vladimir II Monomakh over Polovtsy.
1125-1132.- Great reign in Kiev Mstislav Vladimirovich.
1132-1139.- Great reign in Kiev Yaropolk Vladimirovich.
1135-1136 - Unrest in Novgorod. Exile to the decision of the prince of Vsevolod Mstislavich. The strengthening of the "Boyar Republic" and the principle of invitation to the prince.
1139-1146 - Great reign in Kiev Vsevolod Olgovich.
1147 - The first mention in the chronicle.
1149-1151, 1155-1157. - Great reign in Kiev Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky.
1155- Caring Prince Andrei Yurevich (Bogolyubsky) from Kiev to Rostov-Suzdal Earth.
1157-1174. - The Grand Diction of Andrei Bogolyubsky in Vladimir-Suzdal Earth.
1168 - The campaign of the Russian princes in the Polovtsy.
1169 - Taking and plundering Kiev's prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1174 - The murder of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky boyars-conspirators.
1174-1176 - Gravity and uprisings in Vladimir-Suzdal Earth.
1176-1212 - The Grand Diction in the Vladimir-Suzdal Land of Brother Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky - Vsevolod Yuryevich (great nest).
1185 - A bad trip to the Polovtsy Prince Novgorod-Seversky Igor Svyatoslavich, who served as the topic for the "word of Igor's regiment."
1190s. - Trade agreements of Novgorod with German Hansees cities.
1199 - The formation of the Galician-Volyn Principality.

The history of Russia is very diverse, ambiguous and taking. This country has existed for hundreds of years, it has significantly contributed to the development of world history. Russia worried a lot of collars and falls, but always got up with his knees and went further to a bright future. Countless attempts to capture her were crowned with loud dips, no one would ever be able to conquer this great power. The people stood for their independence and freedom and no one knew her head in front of the pans and invaders. So today, Russia is the leading country in the world in a variety of diverse trends. It is astronautics, and mechanical engineering and much other.

The twentieth century was marked for Russia and a number of other countries by terrible and bloody wars, which unfortunately made millions of human lives. After the end of World War II, Russia as part of the USSR continued its rapid development in absolutely in all sectors, so it was up to the decay of this great and unrealistic powers. A decade has passed, a decade is very difficult, and now Russia again seeks ahead, towards a bright and carefree future. What awaits her in the future? It all depends on the Russian people, who always hit the whole world with its resistance and unshakable.

1861 February 19 - Cancel of Serf Law

The significant date for the whole Russian people, from now on, the country was free from slavery shackles. From this year, a new stage of Russian history began. Internecial wars were finished. A truly strong and wise empress, which managed to raise Russia from his knees and would achieve her grandeur and respect in Europe.

1905-1907 - the first Russian revolution

The bloody revolution was crowned with failure. The autocracy was not overthrown and the king remained on the throne. During the first revolution, the main revolutionaries of a thousand nine hundred seventeenth year participated. This young generation of reversals and reformers tried to change the political system in every way that many centuries had reigned in Russia

1914, August 1 - Russia's entry into 1 world war

It is impossible not to affect this event. The first in the history of the war of imperialists ended in monstrous human losses in the first place. As a result of this war, the leading global empires were collapsed - Ottoman, German, German. Russia was experiencing in parallel with the war also a great revolution. This period was extremely difficult for the country, but in the end we all know that the powerful state was formed on the planet

1917, February 27 - uprising in Petrograd

1917, February 27 - an armed uprising in Petrograd (the transition of a soldier of the Petrograd garrison on the side of the rebeling population).

These years were marked by the formation of the Temporary Committee of the State Duma and the choice of Petroset. The victory is unanimously in the elections in Petrosovet Serc and Mensheviks. A new stage in the history of the Great Power.

1918, March 3 - signing of the Brest civil contract

From now on, Russia left the battlefield. Now there was an urgent need to put an end to the civil war and lead the country's economy to growth. After signing the contract, one of the municipal stones oppressed by Russia.

The Great Power has become on his feet and smoothly began to move along the development side. The civil war was completely over. The USSR took the course to a bright future. The economy began to gradually grow, wounds from civil war began to gradually delay.

1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War

The most terrible war in the history of mankind began in this wonderful summer and carefree day. For many four years, the people fiercely fought with the German fascist invaders, treacherously invaded the territory of the USSR.

1945, 8-9 May - the capitulation of fascist Germany, Victory Day

May 9 - a day of victory. Victory Day! It is this holiday forever imprinted in memory of absolutely every young and adult inhabitant of this great country. At the price of millions of lives, the country found such a desired victory over the bloodthirsty enemy. Now the USSR proved that she is worth something!

1956, February - XX Congress CPSU

The congress was marked by the world famous "dispelling the cult of the personality of Stalin." Khrushchev in the literal sense of the word shocked all those present with his fiery speech. This new stage in the history of Russia and the entire USSR. This so-called period of thaw left his trail forever.

1991, December 8 - Signing of Belovezhsky Agreement

1991, December 8 - Signing B. N. Yeltsin (RSFSR), L. M. Kravchuk (Ukraine), S. S. Shushkevich (Belarus) of the Belovezhsky Agreement on the USSR dissolution.

So the end of the Great and Mighty Power has come. Seventy years of existence did not remain without a trace. The right of the receiver of the USSR was again Russia. Again, war, enmity, political and economic crises. All this accompanied the country throughout the heavy nineties against the background of Total destroyed, war in Chechnya and many other things.

year 2000

The election of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Carefully new period in the history of Russia. The new head of state was able to bring the country from a long-term crisis, from almost the ruins. The economy of the country was raised several times, the armed forces became more powerful. Various space programs were again deployed, the country moved back again! Now it all depends on the people of Russia, his fate belongs to him and anyone else!

The Russian Federation is a state that occupies the first place on the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory and the ninth - in terms of population. This is the country that has passed the path from the scattered principalities to the candidate for the superpower. How was the formation of this political, economic and military coloss?

In our article we will look at the main dates of the history of Russia. We will see the development of the country from the first references to it until the end of the twentieth century.

IX - X century

For the first time, the word "Russia" is mentioned in 860 in connection with the siege of Tsargrad (Constantinople) and the looting of its surroundings. According to the estimates of researchers, more than eight thousand people participated in the raid. Byzantines did not expect an attack on the side of the Black Sea at all, so they could not give a worthy repulsory. "Rusa went unpunished," says Chronist.

The next important date was 862 years old. This is one of the most significant events. According to the "Tale of Bygone Years", it was at that time that representatives of the Slavic tribes were invited to Rüric's Prince.

In the chronicles it is said that they are tired of the permanent quarrels and civil servants, which only the proligative ruler could put an end.

Like 862, in the history of Russia, the following - 863rd became important. This year, according to chronic, the Slavic ABC is created - Cyrillic. From this time, the official written story of Russia begins.

In 882, Prince Oleg, the successor to Rüric, conquers Kiev and makes it a "so-in-country". This ruler did a lot for the state. He began to unite the tribes, went to the Khazar, beating many lands. Now Northener, Dvlyan, Radmichi pay tribute not to Kaganat, but the Kiev prince.

We are considering only the main dates of the history of Russia. Therefore, we stop only on some key events.

So, the century was marked by a powerful expansion of Rus in neighboring countries and tribes. So, Igor walked on Pechenegs (920) and in Constantinople (944 years old). Prince Svyatoslav defeated in 965, which significantly strengthened the position of the Kiev Rus in the south and south-east.

In 970, Vladimir Svyatoslavovich became Kiev Prince. He, together with his uncle Dobryna, the image of which was later reflected in the epic hertie, collects a campaign on Bulgaria. He managed to defeat the Serbs tribes and Bulgarians on the Danube, as a result of which the Union was concluded.

However, during the mentioned campaigns, the prince penetrates Christianity. Previously, his grandmother, Princess Olga, was the first to take this faith and turned out to be a nephonic surroundings. Now Vladimir Great decides to baptize the state.

So, in 988 a number of rites were held, designed to baptize most of the tribes. Those who refused to change faith voluntarily forced to this force.

The last important date in the beginning of the century is the construction of a tentine church. It was with the help of this building in Kiev finally consolidated Christianity at the state level.

XI century

The eleventh century was marked by a large number of military conflicts between princes. Immediately after the death of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, civilians begin.

This destroyer lasted until 1019, when Prince Yaroslav sits on the throne in Kiev, who was subsequently called wise. He ruled thirty five years old. It is noteworthy that during his reign, the Kievan Russia practically goes to the level of European states.

Since we are talking briefly about the history of Russia, the most important dates of the eleventh century are associated with the reign of Yaroslav (in the first half of the century) and the period of the Troubles (in the second half of the century).

So, from 1019 to his death in 1054, Prince Yaroslav Wise is one of the most famous archives - "The Truth of Yaroslav". This is the oldest "Russian truth".

For five years, starting from 1030, he builds the Savior Transfiguration Cathedral in Chernigov.

In the capital, the construction of the famous Temple - Sofia Kievskaya begins in 1037. It was completed in 1041.

After a hike to Byzantium, in 1043, Yaroslav builds a similar cathedral and in Novgorod.

The death of the Kiev prince laid the beginning of the struggle for the capital between his sons. From 1054 to 1068, Izyaslav rules. Next, with the help of the uprising, Polotsk Prince Vslav is replaced. In the eponym, he is referred to as Wolga.

Due to the fact that this ruler adhered to the pagan views in matters of faith, the properties of the waswolf are attributed to him in popular legends. In the eponym, he becomes the wolf, then Sokol. In official history, the nickname of the magician was gained.

Listing the main dates of the history of Russia of the Eleventh Century, it is worth mentioning the creation of the "Truth of Yaroslavichi" in 1072 and "Svyatoslav's Issiber" in 1073. The latter contains the descriptions of the lives of saints, as well as their important teachings.

A more interesting document is the "Russian True". It consists of two parts. The first was written during the reign of Yaroslav Wise, and the second - in 1072. This collection contains the norms of criminal, procedural, commercial and hereditary legislation.

The last event, which is worth mentioning in the framework of the eleventh century, was princes. He marked the beginning of the fragmentation of the ancient Russian state. It was decided that everyone should manage only with its patrimony.

XII century

Oddly enough, Polovtsy played an important role in the reunification of the ancient Russian princes. Speaking about the main dates of the Russian history of the twelfth century, it is impossible not to mention the campaigns on these nomads in 1103, 1107 and 1111. It is these three military campaigns that rallied the Eastern Slavs and created the prerequisites for the work of Vladimir Monomakh in 1113. His successor was the son of Mstislav Vladimirovich.

During the years of the reign of these princes, the "Tale of Bygone Years" is finished, and there is also a growing discontent in the people, which was expressed in the uprisings of 1113 and 1127.

After the death of Yaroslav Wise, the political history of Europe and the history of Russia is gradually given. Dates and events of the twelfth century are fully confirmed.

So far, there was a struggle for power caused by the collapse of the Kiev Power, in Western Europe, Spain is held and several crusades.

In Russia, the following happened. In 1136, due to the uprising and expulsion of Vsevolod, Mstislavovich establishes a republic in Novgorod.

In 1147, the annals mention the name of Moscow for the first time. It is from this time that the gradual rise of the city begins to be destined to become the capital of the united state.

The end of the twelfth century was marked by an even greater fragmentation of the Power and the weakening of the principalities. All this led to the fact that Russia is deprived of freedom, getting into the Yarmo Mongol-Tatars.

Since these events occurred in the thirteenth century, we will talk about them further.

XIII century

In this century, the independent history of Russia is temporarily interrupted. Dates, Batya's hike table, which is shown below, as well as maps of battles with Mongols indicate the failure of many princes in military issues.

Hiking Khan Batya

The Council of Mongolian Khans decides to start a campaign on Russia, the army headed Bati, grandson of Genghis Khan	1235
Defeat Mongols of Volga Bulgaria	1236
Submission of Polovtsy and the beginning of the hike on Russia	1237
Siege and taking Ryazan	december 1237.
Fall of Kolomna and Moscow	january 1238.
Taking Mongols Vladimir	February 3-7 1238.
The defeat of Russian troops on the City River and the death of Vladimir Prince	March 4, 1238.
Falling the city of Torzhka, Return of Mongols in the steppe	march 1238.
The beginning of the siege of Kozelsk	March 25, 1238.
Rest of the Mongolian Army in the Dudonian Steppes	summer 1238.
Falling Muroma, Nizhny Novgorod and Gorokhovets	autumn 1238.
Invasion of Batya in South Russian Principles, Falling Putivl, Pereyaslavl and Chernigov	summer 1239.
Siege and taking Kiev Mongol-Tatars	5-6 September 1240.

There are several stories, when residents of cities were able to give heroic repulsive to the invaders (for example, Kozelsk). But not a single event is mentioned when the princes caused the Mongolian army defeat.

Regarding Kozelsk - it's just a unique story. The campaign of the invincible Army Khan Batya, who from 1237 to 1240 ruled the northeast Russia, was stopped near the walls of a small fortress.

This town was the capital of the Principality on the Earth of the former tribe of Vodny. According to scientists, the number of his defenders did not exceed four hundred people. However, the Mongola fortress was able to take the fortress only after seven weeks of siege and loss of more than four thousand warriors.

It is noteworthy that ordinary residents held defense, without prince and the governor. At this time, in Kozelsk "Rules" grandson of Mstislav, twelve-year-old Vasily. Nevertheless, the townspeople decided to defend him and defend the city.

After capturing the fortress, the Mongols were equalized with the ground, and all the inhabitants were killed. Neither breast babies, nor weak old men.

After this battle, the remaining important dates in the history of Russia related to the Mongolian invasion relate to exclusively southern principalities.

So, in 1238, a little earlier a battle occurs near the Kolomna River. In 1239, Chernigov and Pereyaslavl were looted. And in 1240 fell and Kiev.

In 1243, the state of Mongols is formed - the Golden Horde. Now the Russian princes are obliged to take the "label to the reign" at Khan.

In the northern lands at this time there is a completely different picture. Swedish and German troops are promising on Russia. They are opposed to Novgorod Prince Alexander Nevsky.

In 1240, he defeats the Swedes on the Neva River, and in 1242, the head of German knights (the so-called Ice Bottomier).

In the second half of the thirteenth century, several punishable campaigns of Mongols on Russia occur. They were directed against disadvantageous princes that did not receive a label on the board. So, in 1252 it was 1293 Khan Dudin destroyed fourteen large settlements of Northeast Russia.

Due to the complex events and the gradual transition of management to the northern lands, in 1299 the Patriarch moves from Kiev to Vladimir.

XIV century

More significant dates in the history of Russia belong to the fourteenth century. In 1325, Ivan Kalita comes to power. He begins to collect all the principalities in a single state. So by 1340 some lands join Moscow, and in 1328 Kalita becomes a great prince.

In 1326, Vladimir Metropolitan Peter transfers the residence to Moscow as a more promising city.

The plague started in 1347 in Western Europe ("Black Death") comes in 1352 to Russia. She destroyed many people.

Mentioning important dates in the history of Russia, especially worth diving on events related to Moscow. In 1359, Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy dates into the throne. For two years, starting from the 1367th, the construction of the Kremlin in Moscow occurs. It was because of this that it was subsequently called "white-name".

By the end of the fourteenth century, Russia finally comes out of the dominion of the Goldenopa Khan. So, in this key, the battle near the rivers (1378) and the Kulikovskaya battle (1380) are important events. These victories showed Mongol-Tatars that a powerful state begins to develop in the north, which will not be under whose power.

However, the Golden Horde did not want to be so easy to lose dynamics. In 1382 she collects a big army and ruins Moscow.

It was the last catastrophe associated with Mongol Tatars. Although the ultimate Rus was freed from their yoke only through the century. But during this time no one else disturbed her borders.

Moreover, in 1395, Tamerlan finally destroys the Golden Horde. But the need for Rusy continued to exist.

XV century

The main dates in the history of Russia in the fifteenth century concern, mainly, unification of land in a single Moscow power.

The first half of the century passed in civil engineers. During these years, Vasily I and Vasily II Dark, Yuri Zvenigorodsky and Dmitry Shemyak.

The events of the first half of the fifteenth century are a bit reminded 1917 in the history of Russia. The civil war that followed by the revolution also appeared to many specific prince, lead gangs, which were subsequently destroyed by Moscow.

The reason for the interdiscructures lay in the choice of ways to strengthen the state. Externally, political activities of temporary rulers are associated with Tatars and Lithuanians who sometimes made raids. Some princes focused on the support of the East, others trusted the West more.

The moral of the decades of civil engineering was that those who did not hope for external support were defeated, and strengthened the country from the inside. Thus, the result was the combination of many small specific land under the rule of the Grand Duke Moskovsky.

An important step was the establishment of autochefali in the Russian Orthodox Church. Now the Metropolitans of Kiev and All Russia proclaimed. That is, dependence on Byzantium and Constantinople Patriarch was destroyed.

In the course of feudal wars and religious misunderstandings, the department of Moscow Metropolis from Kievan occurs in 1458.

Deparactions between princes ended with the joint venture of John III. In 1471, he defeats the Novgorod residents in the Shelon battle, and in 1478 he finally joins the great Novgorod to the Moscow Principality.

In 1480, one of the most significant events of the fifteenth century occurred. It is known in the chronicles called this is a very interesting story, which contemporaries considered the "mystical intercession of the Virgin". Gathered a large army and opposed Ivan III, which was in the Union with Crimean Khan.

But before the battle did not come. After a long standing of troops against each other, both army turned back. The researchers in our time found out that this was caused by the weakness of a large horde and the actions of sabotage detachments in the rear of Akhmat.

Thus, in 1480, the Moscow Principality becomes completely sovereign state.

It was similar to the importance of 1552 in the history of Russia. We will talk about him a little later.

In 1497, a "judiciary", a set of laws for all residents of Power was officially adopted and approved.

XVI century

The sixteenth century is characterized by powerful process of centralization of the country. Joined during the reign of Vasily III to Moscow Pskov (1510), Smolensk (1514) and Ryazan (1521). Also, for the first time in 1517, it is mentioned as a state management body.

With the death of Vasily III begins a small decline of Muscovia. The rules at this time Elena Glinsky, who had a boyars in replacing. But the end of the self-government was put in the godfather of the deceased prince, John Vasilyevich.

He climbed the throne in 1547. Ivan Grozny began with foreign policy. In the state itself, in fact until 1565, the prince relied on Zemsky cathedrals and boyars. Over these eighteen, he was able to join many territories.

Remarkable is 1552 years in the history of Russia. Then Ivan Grozny captures Kazan and joins the Khanate to the Moscow State. In addition to him, such territories were conquered as Astrakhan Khanate (1556), the city of Polotsk (1562).

Siberian Khan in 1555 recognizes himself by Vassal Ivan Vasilyevich. However, in 1563, he replaced him on the throne Khan Kuchma bursts all relations with Muscovy.

After one and a half decades, the conquests of the Grand Duke draws a look at the inner situation in the country. In 1565, an oprichnina is established and persecution and terror begins. All boyar families who began to adope with power are destroyed, and their property is confiscated. Execution continued until 1572.

In 1582, Ermak begins his famous campaign to Siberia, who lasted a year.

In 1583, the world was signed with Sweden, who returned the latter all the land, conquered during the war.

In 1584, Ivan Vasilyevich dies and actually comes to power Boris Godunov. He became a valid king only in 1598, after the death of Fedor, the son of Ivan Grozny.

In 1598, Rurikovich's line is interrupted, and after the death of Boris (in 1605), the troubles and sevenboyar begins.

XVII century

The most important event was 1613 in the history of Russia. He influenced not only for this century, but also for subsequent three hundred years. This year ended the troubled and came to power Mikhail, the founder of the Romanov dynasty.

The seventeenth century is characterized by the processes of the formation and development of the Moscow kingdom. In foreign policy, conflicts with Poland (1654), Sweden (1656) occur (1654). From 1648 to 1654 there was a uprising in Ukraine under the leadership of Khmelnitsky.

Bunta in the Moscow kingdom itself were in 1648 (salt), 1662 (copper), 1698 (Streletsky). In 1668-1676 there was an uprising in the Solovetsky Islands. And from 1670 to 1671, the Cossacks were rebelled under the guidance of a wall of razin.

In addition to political and economic troubles in the middle of the seventeenth century, religious confusion is brewing and split. I tried to reform the spiritual life of society, but was not perceived by the annel. In 1667 he was condemned and referred to exile.

Thus, for seven decades there was a process of forming a single state, in which various institutions "were trapped" to each other. He is completed by the focus of Peter I.

It turns out that 1613 in the history of Russia became the beginning of the waste from feudality. And Peter Alekseevich turned the kingdom to the empire and led Russia to the international level.

XVIII century

The century of a powerful lift, which only knew the history of Russia - the 18th century. The dates of the foundation of new cities, universities, academies and other places themselves for themselves.

So, in 1703, St. Petersburg is built. In 1711, the Senate establishes, and in 1721 - Synod. In 1724, the Academy of Sciences was founded. In 1734 - the main military educational institution of the country, the land of the Shuttle Corps. In 1755, Moscow University is created. This is only part of the events that show powerful cultural growth in the state.

In the 1712th, the capital is transferred from the "old" Moscow to the "young" Petersburg. In addition, in 1721, Russia proclaims the empire, and Peter Alekseevich first receives the corresponding title.

The eighteenth century will especially be interested in those whom the military history of Russia is occupied. The dates and events of this century show the unprecedented power of the domestic army and fleet, as well as the wonders of engineering thought.

In the nineteenth century, the country entered the powerful empire who won Turkey, Sweden, addressed.

XIX century

This feature of the previous century was the cultural and military growth of the state, the next period there is a small reorientation of interests. The rapid economic development and separation of the government from the people is all the history of Russia, the 19th century.

The dates of significant events of that time tell us about the growth of bribery among officials, as well as the attempts of the authorities to create thoughtless artists from the lower layers.

The main military conflicts of this century were the Patriotic War (1812) and the confrontation between Russia with Turkey (1806, 1828, 1853, 1877).

In the internal policy there are many reforms aimed at even greater challenge of ordinary people. These are the reforms of the Speransky (1809), great reforms (1862), judicial reform (1864), censorship (1865), universal military service (1874).

Even if you take into account the cancellation of serfdom in 1861, it is also seen that the official apparatus seeks to maximize the operation of a simple people.
A number of uprisings became the answer to such policies. 1825 - Decembrists. 1830 and 1863 - an uprising in Poland. In 1881, the disruption kill Alexander II.

On the wave of universal discontent with the government, the position of social democrats is stronger. The first congress took place in 1898.

XX century

Despite the above wars, disasters and other horrors, are especially scary of some dates of the 20th century. The history of Russia until that time did not know such a nightmare, which in the first quarter of the century was arranged by the Bolsheviks.

The revolution of 1905 and participation in the First World War (1914-1917) became the last straw for simple workers and peasants.

1917 in the history of Russia I remember for a long time. After the October Revolution and the renunciation of Nicholas II from the throne, his family was captured and shot in July 1918. The civil war begins, which lasted until 1922, when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed. A similar coup and depletion was marked by 1991 in the history of Russia.

The first years of the existence of a new state was marked by social catastrophes of huge scales. This is hunger in 1932-1933 and repression in 1936-1939.

In 1941, the USSR enters the second world war. We have this conflict in the historical tradition called the Great Patriotic War. After the victory in 1945, restoration and short-term takeoff of the country begins.

1991 in the history of Russia became a coup. The Soviet Union collapsed, leaving all the dreams of "Light Future" under the wreckage. In fact, people had to study life from scratch in a market economy in a new state.

Thus, we are with you, dear friends, briefly passed on the most significant events in the history of Russia.

Good luck to you and remember that the answers to the questions of the future are stored in the lessons of the past.