Does Matryona Timofeevna consider herself happy? Can Matryona Timofeevna be considered happy? (Based on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia")

Happy Peasant Matryona

Matryona Timofeevna Korchagin, nicknamed the Governor, from the village of Klin - main character the third part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" by Nekrasov. This is how the men describe her: “The Kholmogorskaya cow, not a woman! Smarter and smoother - there is no woman. " In order to answer the question of whether she is happy, Matryona without concealment tells her life and sums up: there have been happy moments in her life (girlhood, matchmaking of the groom, saving her husband from unjust recruitment). She says: “I’m not trampled with my feet, I’m not knitted with ropes, I’m not stabbing with needles.” But can the woman who passed a spiritual storm, the blood of the firstborn, mortal grievances and a whip, but has she not tasted the inexorable shame? By unrepairable shame, Matryona means the harassment of the master's manager Sitnikov, who, fortunately Matryona, died of cholera.

The keys to female happiness, according to the legend told by the old praying woman to Matryona, are lost from God himself.

Portrait of Matryona Timofeevna

This thirty-eight-year-old stern woman, who is already considered an old woman, is peasantly beautiful: dignified, wide, dense, with large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes. Her hair is gray, her skin is dark. For her portrait, Nekrasov uses epithets. Matryona's clothes testify to her hard work: a white shirt, a short sundress (to make it easier to work).

Matryona's maidenhood

Matryona considers her childhood to be happy. Father woke her up early, but mother felt sorry for her. But peasant life- this is work from childhood. At the age of seven, Matryona was already running into the herd, carrying breakfast to her father, grazing ducks, rowing hay. She liked this kind of life: working in the field, bathing, working at spinning wheels with her friends, and sometimes dancing songs.

Matryona's betrothed was a guy from the wrong side (forty miles from her) - stove-maker Philip Korchagin. Matushka tried to dissuade Matryona: "It's cold there, it's hungry there." Matryona resigned herself to fate.

Matryona's fate in a strange family

Matryona sings the fate of a girl married to a strange family to listeners-peasants in folk songs... In the family of her husband Matryona lived like hell. She had to serve the elder sister-in-law Martha, keep an eye on her father-in-law, so as not to go to the pub, endure her mother-in-law's swearing. The husband advised Matryona to be silent and endure. But with him there were "frets". Matryona admits that her husband hit her only once, and does not see anything shameful in this: a wife should not consider her husband's beatings.

But usually the husband stood up for Matryona, as in a hungry year, when the mother-in-law accused the daughter-in-law of hunger, because at Christmas she put on a clean shirt (superstition).

Matryona-mother

Matryona has five sons, one has already been taken as a soldier. Twenty years ago, Matryona gave birth to her first child, a son, Dyomushka, with whom a misfortune happened. Nekrasov describes the trouble with the help of psychological parallelism. As the nightingale mother cries about her burnt chicks, which she did not save because she was not near the nest, so at the behest of her mother-in-law Matryona left Dyomushka with her husband's grandfather, the centenary Savelich, but he did not save him: the pigs ate the baby.

Matryona's grief is aggravated by "unrighteous judges" who slander her that she was in cohabitation with Savelich, that she killed the child in collusion with him, that poisoned him.

For a peasant woman, life and death are a single continuous process in which everything should be according to the rite. For her, an autopsy is a desecration, a greater misfortune than death: "I do not grumble ... that God has tidied up the baby, but it hurts why they swore at him."

Matryona gave birth to three children in 3 years and plunged into worries: "There is no time to think, nor to be sad," "Eat - when you stay, fall asleep - when you are sick”.

A mother's love for children is boundless, for the sake of children she is ready to oppose God himself. She did not starve the babies for fast days, as the pious wanderer ordered, although she was afraid of God's punishment.

For the sake of her eldest son Fedot Matryona suffered a beating with a whip. The eight-year-old Fedot took pity on the hungry puppy she-wolf, who howled as if crying. He gave her the already dead sheep, which at first he fearlessly pulled out of his mouth. When the headman decided to teach Fedot about the sheep, Matryona threw herself at the feet of the landowner, who ordered to forgive the boy and teach the woman.

Matryona is a special peasant woman

Matryona, although obedient to her parents, relatives and husband, is able to analyze and choose, to resist public opinion.

Savely, a former convict, helps Matryona to understand how to live in an unrighteous society. It is necessary to make offerings to the authorities, you should not seek the truth from God and the king: "High is God, far is the king." Savely says that you need to endure, because "you are a serf woman!"

Matryona the Governor

Matryona became famous among the peasants and won the respect of her husband's relatives when she saved her husband from military service, although her older brother had already gone to recruit for his family.

Fearing a difficult future for herself and her children, deprived of their fathers, who will be “pinched and beaten,” Matryona ran at night to ask the governor for mercy. Taught by experience, Matryona gave a two-kopeck piece to the guard, a ruble ruble to the doorman Makar Fedoseich for taking her to the governor in time.

The circumstances were favorable for Matryona. The peasant woman threw herself at the governor's feet and opened her complaint to her: the breadwinner and the parent are being taken by deception, not in a divine way. The governor's wife was kind to her, baptized the boy who was born right there with Liodorushka and saved Philip. For this good deed Matryona orders everyone to glorify and thank Governor Elena Alexandrovna.

• Images of landowners in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"

Poem by A.N. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia" was written in the second half of the nineteenth century. The work was created during the period that coincides with the abolition of serfdom in Russia.

It tells the story of peasant peasants who went on a journey. Seven pilgrims wanted to find a man who lived happily. Nothing in the poem specifically indicated the place and time of the action. However, it was easy to guess that everything was happening in Russia, immediately after the abolition of serfdom. Each of the pilgrims had his own opinion on this matter. In list happy people they considered landowners, officials, priests, merchants, ministers, boyars and the tsar-father himself.

Along with the main characters of the poem, secondary characters were created. This is the character of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. Among the people, she was known as happy. Wandering seekers of truth heard about it while in the village of Nagotino. So seven peasants went to Klin, where Matryona lived. Not finding happy people among the men, the travelers hoped to see at least a happy woman.

And what is happiness for a simple Russian woman? Non-drinking, hard-working husband, healthy children and peace in the family. And Matryona Timofeevna did not consider herself happy. Only when she was young, as a girl, she lived well. Young, healthy and hard-working, she was born into a good family. The marriage did not bring female happiness to the heroine. The well-established life began to crumble. The death of her son was the first disaster that visited the Matryona family. And soon the husband was also shaved into the soldiers. But the series of misfortunes did not stop there. She was flogged with rods, and she survived the fire twice. Matryona Timofeevna was also unlucky with her health. She suffered from anthrax three times.

So why did people think she was happy? What was her happiness? And everything is simple to the point of banality. A strong-minded Russian woman fought for her life and her happiness, without giving up. Protecting her son, she saved him from being punished with whips. She saved her husband from serving in the army for 25 years. With great dignity, this simple Russian woman endured all the ordeals that did not fall to her share. She didn't just endure the weight of the burden. This woman managed to keep the family together. She used all her mental and physical strength for this.

A.N. Nekrasov was convinced that only one can be happy free man... And only in a free society is a positive dynamics of development possible. Therefore, with such love he describes ordinary people resisting slavery. His respect is evoked by people who, despite all the vicissitudes of life, managed to withstand and be happy in their own way.

Composition What is happiness in the understanding of Matryona Timofeevna

The depiction of the fate of Russian women, especially peasant women, can be traced throughout the poet's work, since he always tried to attract public opinion to this issue.

The image of Matryona Timofeevna is one of the central ones, and on his example the author reveals the concept of simple female happiness.

A middle-aged woman who has retained her youthful beauty, stateliness, with big, stern eyes and gray hair in her hair, does not consider herself lucky, but people say that she belongs to the category of those who happened to know woman's happiness.

Matryona's childhood passed in the atmosphere parental love in a caring stepfather's house, but when she got married, the young woman experienced all the hardships and hardships of married life. The husband's family does not accept Matryona and she has to endure humiliation, insults from her father-in-law and mother-in-law. The young husband at this time disappears to work, returning home only for the winter. A woman is forced to endure with humility, patience hard life, including not only injustice on the part of the husband's parents, but also his anger, and to find a breath of joy even in small things, whether it be a scarf brought by the husband as a gift, or rare roller coasters.

The birth of her first child, a son, becomes a joy for Matryona, but in early age the boy absurdly dies and the woman, grieving over the death of the child, is forced to continue living.

After some time, other children appear in the family and Matryona dissolves in the image of a mother who recklessly loves her babies.

But life tests the peasant women do not end there, and fate is preparing new blows for her. Matryona has to go through serious illnesses in just a dozen years (she is cured of anthrax three times), survive several fires, bury her parents, and also experience hunger due to loss of crops and hopelessness from the inability to feed her children well.

Being a deeply religious person, Matryona, despite the circumstances, has a decisive and courageous character, ready for self-sacrifice for the sake of her loved ones.

At one of the moments in life, she takes on the blame of the eldest son for the dead cattle and takes on the pain from the blows of the rods. And when her husband is going to send her to military service, Matryona realizes that she cannot raise children alone, boldly rushes to the local authorities and saves her husband from recruiting, arousing undisguised respect among her fellow villagers.

According to Matryona, Russian women cannot have happiness, since too many troubles and misfortunes fall on their women’s lot, and the key for a woman’s happiness, according to Matryona, was lost a long time ago. But a woman does not grumble, does not complain about fate, but simply steadfastly accepts all the hardships of her life.

However, the people are confident in the happy fate of Matryona Timofeevna, which lies in her willpower, persistent character, courage, self-esteem and the qualities inherent only in women, consisting in the immeasurable all-consuming maternal love, deep respect for her husband, kindness and friendliness to others.

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The hero of the poem is not one person, but the whole people. At first sight folk life seems sad. The very listing of the villages speaks for itself: Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, ... and how much human suffering is in the poem! All post-reform Russia cries and groans on the pages of the poem, but there are also many jokes and jokes: "Country Fair", "Drunken Night". It could not be otherwise. In life itself, sorrow and joy go hand in hand. The poem contains many folk images: Savely, Yakim Nagoy, Ermila Girin, Matryona Korchagina. They all managed to defend their human dignity in conditions of slavery and lawlessness.

Hence the optimism of the poem:

Strength of the people, Strength of mighty - Conscience calm, True tenacious!

The consciousness of this moral "strength of the people", foreshadowing a sure victory in the struggle for future happiness, was the source of that joyful vigor that is felt even in the rhythms of the poem. The third part of the poem is devoted to the biography of the peasant woman Matryona Korchagina Timofeevna. “Matryona Timofeevna is a dignified woman, wide and stout, about thirty years old. Beautiful; hair with gray, eyes are large, stern, eyelashes are rich, harsh and dark. " Wanderers are brought to her by the glory of a lucky woman. Matryona agrees to "lay out her soul" when the peasants promise to help her in the harvest: the suffering is in full swing. Matryona's fate was largely suggested to Nekrasov by the autobiography of I.A.Fedoseeva. The narrative is built on the basis of her crying, as well as other folklore materials (songs collected by P. N. Rybnikov). The abundance of folklore sources, often with little or no change included in the text of The Peasant Woman, and the very title of this part of the poem, emphasize the typical fate of Matryona: this is the usual fate of a Russian woman, indicating that the wanderers "have not started a business - they are looking for a happy woman among the women." ... V parental home, in a good, non-drinking family, Matryona lived happily. When Matryona married Philip Korchagin, a stove-maker, she fell into real hell: all her husband's relatives forced her to work for themselves, like a slave. With her husband, however, she was lucky: only once did it come to beatings. But most of the time Philip was working and returned home only in the winter. There was no one to intercede for Matryona, except for the grandfather Savely, the father-in-law's father. She has to endure the harassment of Sitnikov, the master's manager, which ended only with his death. For the peasant woman, her first son, Demushka, becomes a consolation in all troubles, but through an oversight of Savely, the child dies: he is eaten by pigs. An unrighteous judgment is being conducted over the grief-stricken mother. Not knowing in time to give a bribe to the boss, she becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child. For a long time Matryona cannot forgive Savely for his irreparable mistake. Over time, the peasant woman has new children, "no time to think, no time to grieve." The heroine's parents, Savely, die. New sufferings await her - her son Fedot is threatened with punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a she-wolf, and the mother lies under the rod instead of him. Matryona is going through a lean year very hard. Pregnant, with children, she herself becomes like a wolf. Another misfortune befalls Matryona. Her husband is taken into the army out of turn. She loses last hope for survival. In Matryona's delirium, terrible pictures of the life of a soldier, soldiers' children are drawn. She leaves the house and flees to the city to seek protection from the governor. Matryona returns home with her husband and newborn. After this incident, the people began to call Matryona happy. Fate did not spare Matryona in the future either: "they burned twice, God visited with anthrax three times." The "Woman's Parable" summarizes her tragic story: "The keys to women's happiness, from our free will - are abandoned, lost by God himself!" But the opinion of people about Matryona Timofeevna's happiness is not accidental: she survived, endured all the trials, saved her son from lashes, her husband from the soldiery, preserved her own dignity, the strength that she needs for work, love for children.

Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is a hardworking, patient Russian peasant woman. She is about 38 years old, she has dark skin, big eyes, thick eyelashes and gray hair. She lives in the village of Klin and has five sons. And 1 son, Demushka, died in early childhood... Matryona Korchagina has a very unhappy life: before marriage, her parents cared for and cherished her, she lived "like Christ's in the bosom."

But after the wedding, her life becomes completely different: her father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law pester her. A small joy for her was her husband, who spent a lot of time at work, almost never being at home, and Savely, the grandfather of Matryona's husband. Soon Matrena Timofeevna gave birth to a son, Demushka. But very soon he died through the fault of the old man Savely: he overlooked his great-grandson, who was eaten by pigs. A double grief for the poor mother was that her beloved son was not buried, as expected, but, in front of his mother, everything was cut. Matryona Korchagin was angry with Savely and for a long time could not recover from the loss of her son. After the death of Demidushka, Matryona had other children, but she still yearned for him, prayed for him.

After a while, she was overtaken by a new unfortunate death of her parents, and soon grandfather Savely (whom Matryona Korchagina nevertheless forgave for the death of Demushka). Matryona's whole life was devoted to work and children. She was ready to endure any pain, if only her children were not touched. So she protected her eldest guilty son Fedot from the rods, taking the punishment upon herself. The new misfortune that overtook Matryona Timofeevna was a lean year and a recruitment that affected her husband and her husband's brother. They were taken as soldiers. The family lost its breadwinner. The peasant woman decides to go to the governor and ask for justice. In the end, she manages to see the governor, who brings Philip Korchagin back from service (meanwhile, during a visit to the governor's wife, Matryona has another son). Matryona Timofeevna also tells seven pilgrims that in her life there were also such misfortunes as fires, epidemics of anthrax, the obsession of the manager Sitnikov, who liked Matryona (soon, to Matryona's relief, cholera killed him). Thus, we see that Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is a patient Russian woman, a loving mother, steadfastly enduring all the hardships of fate. Of course, sometimes she has moments when she is given grief, but she is comforted, given strength to prayer. Matryona, like all Russian women, cannot be called happy. She says that, in the words of the holy eldress who was staying with her, "The keys to women's happiness are abandoned, lost."

Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) -

Explores various strata of Russian society: peasants, landowners, clergy. The fate of the Russian peasant woman becomes a special theme, for she turns out to be even more difficult than the fate of the other peasants. “It’s not a matter of women / Happy to look for”, - Matryona Timofeevna, head of “Krestyanka”, answers directly to the pilgrims who have addressed her. But peasant women, enslaved by both serfdom and the despotism of her husband's family, worries Nekrasov more.

This type was most fully revealed by Nekrasov in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" in the image of Matryona Korchagina. Bitter share peasant woman, eternally humiliated by poverty, working unbearably and not seeing, evokes deep sympathy in the poet's soul, but at the same time, he notes in her character both human dignity, and pride, and unshakable moral purity... The image of Matryona Timofeevna is given in the poem in dynamics, in development.

The heroine had a happy, carefree early life, and from the age of five she began to become familiar with feasible work: “I carried my father for breakfast, she grazed the ducklings,” “she stirred up hay,” and so on. kind husband... Matryona, like many other peasant women, did not have to live with the "hateful" and endure beatings. Matryona lived in love and harmony with her husband. It was this harmony in the family that helped the heroine to endure troubles and misfortunes. Philip was a stove-maker, constantly leaving to work in St. Petersburg. Matryona was very upset with constant separation. She had to adapt to life in a strange family. A young beautiful woman in the absence of her intercessor husband, the lord's steward was persecuted. None of the relatives, except for the centenary grandfather Savely, did not find the heroine support.

The character of Matryona Timofeevna is tempered precisely in difficult trials. This is an intelligent, selfless, strong-willed, decisive woman. This is the image of a peasant woman not only strong spirit, but also gifted, talented. Matryona about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman. The chapter itself is named not after her, but "Peasant". This emphasizes that the fate of Matryona is not an exception to the rule, but a typical fate of millions of Russian peasant women. The best mental qualities- willpower, the ability to love, loyalty - make Matryona akin to the heroines of the poem "Russian women". Matryona Timofeevna's long story about her (still quite prosperous and extremely successful!) Fate is both an ode to the beauty of the soul of a Russian peasant woman, and an accusation to those who doomed her to terrible torment.

Like Yermil Girin, Matryona is known throughout the region. But in the poem she talks about her life herself, and only seven pilgrims listen to her. The veracity of the story is emphasized by the request of the pilgrims: "Aty, lay out your soul!" And the heroine of the chapter herself promises: "I will not hide anything."

The extraordinary creative talent of Matryona Timofeevna allows her not only to keep folklore in her memory, but also to update it. The story is replete with elements folklore works dedicated to the bitter lot of women: songs, “proverbs, sayings, crying, lamentations.

Songs play a special role in describing the life of a Russian woman (it is no coincidence that the second chapter of this part of the poem is called “Songs”). Nekrasov depicts the life of a peasant woman in its entirety, from childhood, until the moment when she meets with seekers happy person... In the life of Matryona Timofeevna there are several moments when those feelings that could lead her to decisive action are just about ready to splash out. The first time is when, in spite of her pleas, the doctors begin to open the body of Demushka. But the police officer then orders the mother to be tied up. The second - when the headman decides to punish her son Fedotushka, who took pity on the hungry she-wolf.

The master decides to forgive the child, but to punish the "daring woman" herself. And Nekrasov shows a very important trait of the heroine's strong-willed character: she lies down proudly. under the cane, without humiliating himself to asking for forgiveness, endures the pain and shame of public punishment. And only the next day she wept her grief over the river. The only time Matryona Timofeevna decides to fight for her happiness is when her husband is taken into the army. She turns with a fierce prayer to Mother of God, and this prayer, apparently, gives her strength: Matryona Timofeevna finds the courage to turn to the governor, who not only helps the peasant woman, but also becomes the godmother of her child. After this incident, Matryona is called happy. This, it turns out, is the happiness of a peasant woman: not to become a soldier, to find the strength to be silent and endure and raise children.

The keys to women's happiness, - Oto our free will, Abandoned, lost ... - such is the unhappy result of Matryona Timofeevna's conversation with seven pilgrims. External, cordiality, ingenuity, the glory of the lucky woman make it possible to speak of Matryona Timofeevna as a unique and exceptional person.

By depicting the fate of Matryona Timofeevna, the author makes deep generalizations: Russian women live in constant labor, the joys and sorrows of motherhood, in the struggle for a family, for a home. Theme female share in the poem merges with the theme of the homeland. Female characters Nekrasov's heroines talk about strength, purity and incorruptibility common people... Those inhuman living conditions against which these images emerge indicate the urgent need for changes in the order, style and way of life in the villages and cities of old-regime Russia.