Landowner Rus in N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls

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The most interesting place in the poem by I. V. Gogol " Dead Souls”- these are chapters dedicated to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of character degradation. The surname of the landowner Manilov is formed from the verb "to attract".

The main features of this character are daydreaming, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero in the following way: ". The man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner loves to lend himself to his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: "The Temple of Solitary Reflection." This is the only one discreet place for Manilov, where he can calmly dream about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or erecting a stone bridge over a pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not Manilov's part.

Everything goes awry in his estate, and the hero doesn't even care about it. Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and cuteness are too luscious: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: good person! " The next one. you will not say anything, but in the third you will say: "The devil knows what this is!" - and you will move away! .. ". This manifests itself not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp with each other all the time, and this makes the author very funny. The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as "manilovism", which means the unnaturalness of a person. Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was not chosen by Gogol by chance.

By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry about a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, it only cares about the guidance household, in him she sees the meaning of life. Gogol endows her with "animal" surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only carried away by her estate. The author distinguishes, among other "advantages" of his character, cudgel-headedness. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation when Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig from the graves dead peasants... She does not rush to sell her "wealth", and instead tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.

The next landowner who was visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N. V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes "much larger than a plate", "a turkey the size of a calf." Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parading the great deeds of the heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All objects in the house are as bulky and unwieldy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be shouting: "And I am Sobakevich too!" In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the latest scammers. He doesn't care at all human soul, ... interest for Sobakevich consists only in money. From all of the above, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most "dead souls" of the poem.

There is nothing spiritual for him. Only money and things are valuable for this hero. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs. Most bright character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate buffoon. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a "historical" person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses figurative sense this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" is that he always gets into some kind of stories: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or is mercilessly lying about the allegedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he adores women. But most main feature Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "make a mess of one's neighbor."

Not once did he commit vile deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that, after all his tricks, he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a friend of the victim. According to tradition, in the poem, the atmosphere in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is imbued with the spirit of passion and boasting. According to Nozdryov himself, in his possession there was once "a fish of such a size that two people could hardly pull it out." The walls of his chorus are randomly flooded with paint, as the men whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers.

Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, only not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is carried away by this process. Since all sorts of tricks are main passion character, it is not difficult for him to circle around his finger and Chichikov, whom Nozdryov solders and tries to deceive when playing checkers. What else can you say about Nozdryov? His description will tell everything much better: “. He sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and that was rather liquid. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that the sideburns soon grew again, even better than before. "

And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, all surnames in the poem are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in figurative meaning... It looks more like not a bun, but a completely dried biscuit. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: "a hole in humanity." This character is a symbol of a decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaking. Gogol adds short story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events became for Plyushkin last moments real life... After that, time stopped for the hero.

All images of N.V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one the main idea that unites them. Author showing illustrative examples degradation of humanity, urges readers not to become " dead soul", But always remain" alive ".

Images of landowners and their comparison with Chichikov ("Based on the poem" Dead Souls ")

"Dead Souls" is one of the brightest projects in Russian and world literature, the pinnacle of thinness. mastery of Gogol. One of the main topics in Gogol's TV-ve is yavl. the topic of the Russian landlord class, the Russian nobility as the ruling class, its fate and role in public life... It is characteristic that the main method of depicting landowners in Ggol's works is. satire. The images of the landowners reflect the process of gradual degradation of the landlord class, and all of its failures and shortcomings are revealed. Gogol's satire is colored with irony and
"It hits right in the forehead." hidden meaning, subtext. The poem is constructed as the story of the adventure of Chichikov, an official who buys up "dead souls".
The composition of the poem allowed the author to tell about different landowners and their villages. Gogol creates five characters, five portraits that are so different from each other, and at the same time appear in each of them typical features Russian landowner. Our acquaintance begins with Manilov and ends with Plyushkin. This sequence has its own logic: from one landowner to another, the process of impoverishment of the human personality deepens, an increasingly terrible picture of the decomposition of serf society unfolds.

He opens the portrait gallery of the landowners Manilov (Chapter I). His character is already manifested in the surname itself. The description begins with a picture of the village of Manilovka, which "could have lured few with its location." With irony, the author describes the manor's courtyard, with a claim to "an English garden with an overgrown pond", thin bushes and with a pale inscription "Temple of secluded reflection". Speaking about Manilov, the author exclaims: "God alone could have said what Manilov's character was." He is kind by nature, polite, courteous, but all this took on his ugly forms. Manilov is beautiful-hearted and sentimental to the point of cloying. Relationships between people seem to him idyllic and festive. Manilov did not know life at all, reality was replaced with empty fantasy. He loved to reflect and dream, sometimes even about things useful to the peasants. But his searchlight was far from the demands of life. He did not know and never thought about the real needs of the peasants (or M. lives in illusory world, and the very process of fantasizing gives him great pleasure, he is a sentimental dreamer, incapable of practical action)
Manilov imagines himself to be a bearer of spiritual culture. Once in the army, he was considered the most educated person. The author speaks ironically about the atmosphere at home
Manilov, in whom "there was always something lacking," about his corny relationship with his wife. At the moment of talking about dead souls Manilov was compared to an overly clever minister. In comparison with other landowners, Manilov really seems to be an enlightened person, but this is only one appearance.

The third chapter of the poem is devoted to the image of the Box, which Gogol refers to as those "small landowners who complain of crop failures, losses and keep their heads a little to one side, and meanwhile collect a little bit of money in variegated bags placed on the drawers of the chest of drawers!" (or M. and Korobochka are in some way antipodes: Manilov's vulgarity is hidden behind high phases, behind discussions about the welfare of the Motherland, while Korobochka's spiritual scarcity appears in its natural form. high culture: in all its appearance, a very unpretentious simplicity is emphasized. This is emphasized by Gogol in the appearance of the heroine: he indicates her shabby and unattractive appearance. This simplicity reveals itself in relationships with people. The main goal of her life is to consolidate her wealth, continuous hoarding. It is no coincidence that Chichikov sees traces of skillful management on the estate. This household reveals its inner insignificance.
She has no feelings besides the desire to acquire and benefit. Confirmation is the situation with the "dead souls". Korobochka trades in peasants with such efficiency as he sells other items of his farm. For her, there is no difference between an animate and an unanimated being. In a sentence
Chichikova scares her only one thing: the prospect of missing something, not taking what can be bailed out for “dead souls.” The box is not going to yield them to Chichikov on the cheap. Gogol awarded her with the epithet "clubhead.") This money is obtained from the sale of a wide variety of products. households.
Korobochka understood the benefits of trade and, after much persuasion, agrees to sell such an unusual product as dead souls

When switching to the image of Nozdryov, Gogol emphasizes the contrast between him and the box. In contrast to the motionless landowner, Nozdryov is distinguished by her courage and "wide scope of nature." He is mobile, ready to do any business, not thinking about what, but all his activity is devoid of ideas and goals. Therefore, all his impulses end as easily as they begin, without any positive results: "Everything ends either with trifles or with all kinds of stories." ... His activity is aimed at burning life. He was a reveler and a reckless driver. Nozdryov finds himself wherever the pleasures of life can await him. Unlike Korobochka, Nozdryov is not inclined to petty hoarding. His ideal is people who always know how to have a fun life, not burdened with any worries. In the chapter about Nozdryov, there are few details that reflect the life of his serfs, but the description of the landowner itself gives comprehensive information about this, since for Nozdryov serfs and property are equivalent concepts. Both are the source of the burning of life. Wherever Nozdryov appears, there is a mess, a scandal. In the understanding of Nozdryov, his life is filled with meaning. In this respect, he resembles Manilov, but differs in that he likes to lie, to embellish. In a conversation with Chichikov, he brags about absolutely everything: a stallion, a pond, a dog, and in his lies he simply does not exhaust. Lie for the lie itself. In relations with people, Nozdryov is free from any norms and principles. He easily converges with people, but does not remain true to his word, not to anyone else. In the desire of Nozdryov to bring discord in someone else's life, one feels the desire to spoil everyone. As a result, all the versatility of the hero is devoid of any positive principle.
He called Nozdrev a “historical person.” (“Nozdryov was historical person") Not a single meeting he attended was complete without stories.

Unlike Nozdrev, Sobakevich cannot be counted as people in the clouds. This hero stands firmly on the ground, does not indulge himself with illusions, soberly evaluates people and life, knows how to act and achieve what he wants.
With the character of his life, Gogol notes thoroughness and fundamentalness in everything. These are natural features of Sobakevich's life. On him and on the furnishings of his house there is a stamp of awkwardness and ugliness. Physical strength and clumsiness appears in the guise of the hero himself. "He looked like average size bear ", - Gogol writes about him. Animal nature predominates in Sobakevich. He is devoid of any spiritual requests, far from dreaminess, philosophizing and noble impulses of the soul. connected with culture and enlightenment: “Enlightenment is a harmful invention.” In him a local existentialist and accumulator get along. Unlike Korobochka, he well understands the environment and understands the time in which he lives, knows people. Unlike other landowners, he immediately understood the essence
Chichikova. Sobakevich is a cunning rogue, an arrogant businessman who is difficult to deceive. He assesses everything around him only from the point of view of his own benefit. His conversation with Chichikov reveals the psychology of a kulak who knows how to make the peasants work for themselves and derive the maximum benefit from it. He is straightforward, rather rude and does not believe in anything. Unlike Manilov, in his perception all people are robbers, scoundrels, fools. (Everything in Sobakevich's house surprisingly reminded him of himself. Each thing seemed to say: "And I, too, Sobakevich."
The last landowner that Chichikov visits, Plyushkin, is similar in aspirations to K. and S., but his desire for hoarding takes on the character of an all-embracing passion. The only goal his life is an accumulation of things. As a result, he does not distinguish between the important, the necessary from the little things, the useful from the unimportant. Everything that comes to his hand is of interest. Plyushkin becomes a slave to things. The thirst for hoarding pushes him on the path of all kinds of restrictions. But he himself does not experience any unpleasant sensations from this. Unlike other landowners, the story of his life is given in full. She reveals the origins of his passion. The more the thirst for hoarding becomes, the more insignificant his life becomes. At a certain stage of degradation, Plyushkin ceases to feel the need to communicate with people. He began to perceive his children as robbers of his property, feeling no joy at meeting them. As a result, he ended up in all alone... Gogol dwells in detail on the description of the situation of the peasants of this richest landowner. ************************************** ****************************
****** Chichikov

In "M.D." Gogol typifies the images of Russian landowners, officials and peasants. The only person to stand out from the overall picture Russian life- this is Chichikov. Revealing his image, the author tells about his origin and the formation of his character. Chichikov is a character whose life story is given in every detail. We learn from the eleventh chapter that
Pavlusha belonged to a poor noble family. His father left him a legacy of half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, to please teachers and bosses and, most importantly, to save and save a penny. Chichikov quickly realized that all lofty concepts only hinder the achievement of the cherished goal. He makes his way in life by his own efforts, not relying on anyone's patronage. He builds his well-being at the expense of other people: deception, bribery, embezzlement, fraud at the customs - the main character's tools. No amount of failure can break his greed for profit. And every time, committing unseemly acts, he easily finds excuses for himself.

With each chapter, we see more and more new opportunities for Chichikov: with Manilov he is cloyingly amiable, with Korobochka he is petty-persistent and rude, with Nozdrev he is assertive and cowardly, he bargains with Sobakevich insidiously and relentlessly, Plyushkina conquers with his “generosity”.

But let us pay special attention to those moments of the poem where Chichikov does not need to disguise himself and change himself for the sake of adaptation, where he remains alone with himself. While inspecting the city of N, our hero “tore off the poster nailed to the post so that when he came home he could read it well,” and after reading it, “rolled it up neatly and put it in his little chest, where he used to put everything that came across”. This collection of unnecessary things, careful storage of trash is vividly reminiscent of Plyushkin's habits. WITH
Manilov Chichikov is brought together by uncertainty, because of which all assumptions on his account are equally possible. Nozdryov notes that Chichikov looks like Sobakevich: “… no straightforwardness, no sincerity! Perfect Sobakevich ". In the character of Chichikov there is a Manilov love for the phrase, and the pettiness of Korobochka, and narcissism.
Nozdryov, and gross stinginess, Sobakevich's cold cynicism, and greed
Plyushkin. It is easy for Chichikov to turn out to be a mirror of any of these interlocutors, because he has all those qualities that make up the foundations of their characters. Nevertheless, Chichikov differs from his counterparts on estates, he is a man of the new era, a businessman and a purchaser, and has all the necessary qualities: “... business games", But he is also a" dead soul ", for the joy of life is inaccessible to him.

Chichikov knows how to adapt to any world, even his appearance is such that he will suit any situation: "not handsome, but not bad-looking either", "not too fat, not too thin", "middle-aged man" - everything in him is vague, nothing stands out.

The idea of ​​success, entrepreneurial spirit, practicality obscure all human impulses in him. "Selflessness", patience and strength of character of the protagonist allow him to constantly revive and show tremendous energy to achieve this goal.
Chichikov is forced to flee the city, but this time he achieved his goal, approached one more step to his faceless "happiness", and everything else is no longer important for him.

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Described the most diverse types of landowners who lived in contemporary Russia. At the same time, he tried to clearly show their way of life, customs and vices. All landowners are depicted satirically, forming a kind of art gallery... Arriving in the city of NN, the main character met many new people. All of them, in the main, were either successful landowners, or influential officials, since Chichikov had a plan to make a big fortune. He described five families most colorfully, therefore, it is by their characteristics that we can judge the people with whom the hero dealt.

This is, first of all, the good-natured and "sweet as sugar" landowner Manilov. Everything about him seems to be perfect, from the manner of presenting oneself to the sugary tone. In fact, behind this mask hides a boring and lazy person who is not very interested in his economy. For two years now he has been reading the same book, on the same page. The servants drink, the housekeeper steals, and they cook carelessly in the kitchen. He himself does not know who works for him and for how long. Against the background of this decline, a gazebo called "The Temple of Solitary Meditation" looks rather strange. Chichikov's request to sell "dead souls" seems to him illegal, but he cannot refuse such a "nice" person, so he easily gives him a list of peasants for free.

Having visited Manilovka, the main character goes to Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka. This is an elderly widow who lives in a small village and regularly runs her household. Korobochka has many advantages. She was skillful and organized, her economy, although not rich, is flourishing, the peasants are educated and focused on results. By nature, the hostess is thrifty and thrifty, but at the same time stingy, stupid and stupid. Selling "dead souls" to Chichikov, she always worries so as not to make too much money. Nastasya Petrovna knows all her peasants by name, which is why she does not keep a list. In total, eighteen peasants died in her. She sold them to the guest like bacon, honey or cereal.

Immediately after Korobochka, the hero visited the reckless Nozdrev. This is a young widower of about thirty or five years old who loved merry and noisy companies. Outwardly, he is not badly complex, he is full of health and looks younger than his years. The economy is poorly managed, since there is not a day at home, little interest in children, even less of the peasants. The only thing that he always has in excellent condition is the kennel, as he is an avid hunter. In fact, he was a "historical" person, since not a single meeting could do without his intervention. He loved to lie, use swear words and spoke abruptly, not bringing any topic to the end. At first, Chichikov thought that it would be easy to bargain for the "souls" of the peasants from him, but here he was mistaken. Nozdryov is the only landowner who left him with nothing and, in addition, almost beat him.

From Nozdryov, the Gogol businessman went to Sobakevich - a man with his awkwardness and massiveness resembling a bear. The village in which he lived was huge, and the house was awkward. But at the same time, Sobakevich is a good business executive. All his houses and huts are built of solid wood. Knowing his peasants perfectly and being a smart merchant, he immediately guesses why Chichikov came and makes a deal for himself. I visited Sobakevich and back side... As a serf owner, he was rather rude, uncouth and cruel. This character is incapable of expressing emotional experiences and will never miss out on its benefits.

The strangest thing seemed to Chichikov the landowner Plyushkin, by his appearance it was difficult to determine which class he belonged to. He looked like an old, grumpy housekeeper with shifty eyes and a cap on his head. The peasants among themselves called the owner "Patched". In fact, Plyushkin was very rich. Thousands of peasants worked for him, his house once flourished, and after the death of his wife it fell into desolation. He was always a thrifty landowner, but over time he turned into a real curmudgeon who saved up all unnecessary trash, walked in rags and ate only breadcrumbs. He was sincerely delighted with the proposal of Chichikov, as an opportunity to earn an extra penny.

In such a colorful way, the writer described five images of landowners, revealing five stages of human degradation and hardening of the soul. From Manilov to Plyushkin, we observe a picture of the gradual extinction of the human in man. Both in the image of Chichikov buying up "dead souls" and in the description of landowners, the author most likely expressed anxiety and worries about the future of the country and humanity as a whole.

The so-called gallery of landowners Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol begins with the landowner Manilov. It is to him that the main character goes first. The reader immediately notes the pretentiousness of manners and sugary speech of this man, although outwardly he is quite attractive. The meaning of Manilov's whole life is fantastic dreams. He likes to lie on the couch or sit in a rickety arbor, dreaming of an underground passage. He is not at all worried about the peasants suffering from the carelessness of this landowner. Manilov is a flatterer, in his words everyone in the city is "the most lovable." As it turned out, the image of Manilov is so typical for that time that the concept of Manilovism arose.

The next in the gallery is Korobochka. Her life is eternal hoarding. She is stingy and even stupid, since Chichikov has to spend both time and nerves to get from her selling the dead peasants. This image also turned out to be typical for the Russian landowners of those times.

Nozdryov - an inveterate gambler and drunkard, brawler and reveler - calls himself a friend of Chichikov. Hot-tempered, boastful, this landowner is disorderly in character, which even reflects his dwelling. A sort of chaos is going on in the house, the owner himself keeps a real wolf cub, and in the stable there is also a goat. At first, Nozdryov refuses to sell the peasants to Chichikov, and then plays checkers with him for dead souls. Of course, it is not complete without cheating on the part of the owner. Chichikov, who is outraged by this, is saved from reprisal by Nozdryov only by the visit of the police captain.

Sobakevich appears before the readers as a huge, awkward landowner, rude and uncouth. The drive is also visible in it, as in the Box. He speaks extremely unflattering about the townspeople, but he praises his peasants. He is surprisingly calm about Chichikov's request to buy peasants from him. Sobakevich himself is shown as a kind of ruler over the peasants.

The last landowner is Plyushkin. If in the person of Manilov the reader sees the process of an idle life, then Plyushkin is its result. This landowner is extremely wealthy, he has more than a thousand souls, but he lives in a dilapidated dwelling, dressed like a beggar. In his soul, he is also an accumulator, and this trait led him to the loss of real perception of things. He is ready to save (and thereby spoil) the products, just not to waste them. And the reader, studying the description of his dirty room, sees before him the spiritual death of a person - something to which the rest of the landowners are slowly but surely moving.

Images of landowners in the poem Dead Souls

Gogol, this excellent writer, very well described and showed the real essence of all rich people, mainly landowners. This is especially clearly expressed in his poem "Dead Souls". It is in this work of Gogol that one can clearly see what people are not capable of for the sake of easy wealth. Landowners at that time of the nineteenth century in Russia played a very important role in the life of the peasants and society in general. How many people suffered because of the unimportant whims of these, oddly enough, illiterate people.

The landowners in Gogol's poem are shown with all the nakedness of their morals - real, not hypocritical. Landowners are people who profited from simple and poor people for their own benefit. For the peasants, it was like slavery, because they received neither money nor land, only kicks and reproaches, if not worse. The landlords were the head of the crepe, so they are getting worse from this.

Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" shows how one landowner decided to make his wealth even greater, and therefore began to use even dead people, or rather - their name and age, supposedly they really exist, and are in his crepe, that is, in the service of his estate. None of the auditors, and in general, could have known whether those people were alive or not, but the landowner received an incredible benefit for this.

Gogol shows how insignificant people can be, and it does not matter whether they are landlords or not. In this work, the landowners decided to cash in even on the dead souls of people who have already left this world. But even they were not left alone, even here they decided to get some benefit for themselves.

That is why Gogol could not sleep peacefully until he showed the real essence of all landowners, who are not real rich people, but those who profit from everything they can.

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The compositional basis of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is Chichikov's journey through the cities and provinces of Russia. As conceived by the author, the reader is invited to "travel with the hero all over Russia and bring out many of the most diverse characters." In the first volume of Dead Souls, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol introduces the reader to a number of characters that represent “ dark kingdom", Familiar from the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky. The types created by the writer are relevant to this day, and many proper names eventually became common nouns, although in recent times v colloquial speech are used less and less. Below is a description of the heroes of the poem. In Dead Souls, the main characters are landowners and the main adventurer, whose adventures are the basis of the plot.

Chichikov, the protagonist of Dead Souls, travels across Russia, buying documents for dead peasants, who are still alive according to the auditor's book. In the first chapters of the work, the author tries in every possible way to emphasize that Chichikov was a completely ordinary, unremarkable person. Knowing how to find an approach to each person, Chichikov was able to achieve location, respect and recognition without any problems in any society he had to deal with. Pavel Ivanovich is ready for anything to achieve his goal: he lies, pretends to be another person, flatter, uses other people. But at the same time, he seems to readers to be an absolutely charming person! Gogol masterfully showed a multifaceted human personality that combines depravity and the pursuit of virtue.

Another hero of the work "Dead Souls" by Gogol is Manilov... Chichikov comes to him first. Manilov gives the impression of a careless person who does not care about worldly problems. Manilov found his wife to match - the same dreamy young lady. The house was occupied by the servants, and the teachers came to their two children, Themistoclus and Alcides. It was difficult to define Manilov's character: Gogol himself says that at the first minute one might think "what an amazing person!" There are no desires in him, there is no life itself. The landowner spends his time in abstract reflections, completely ignoring everyday problems. Manilov easily gave Chichikov the dead souls without asking about the legal details.

If we continue the list of heroes of the story, then the next will be Korobochka Nastasya Petrovna, an old lonely widow who lives in a small village. Chichikov came to her by accident: the coachman Selifan lost his way and turned on the wrong road. The hero was forced to stay for the night. External attributes were an indicator of the internal state of the landowner: everything in her house was done sensibly, firmly, but nevertheless there were many flies everywhere. Korobochka was a real entrepreneur, because in every person she was used to seeing only a potential buyer. Nastasya Petrovna was remembered by the reader for the fact that she never agreed to a deal. Chichikov persuaded the landowner, and promised to give her several blue papers for petitions, but until the next time he agreed to order flour, honey and bacon from Korobochka, Pavel Ivanovich did not receive several dozen dead souls.

The next on the list was Nozdryov- a reveler, a liar and a merry fellow, a playboy. The meaning of his life was entertainment, even two children could not keep the landowner at home for more than a few days. Nozdryov often got into various stories, but thanks to his innate talent to find a way out of any situation, he always got out of the water. Nozdryov communicated with people easily, even with those with whom he managed to quarrel, after a while he communicated as with old friends. However, many tried not to have anything in common with Nozdryov: the landowner hundreds of times invented various tales about others, telling them at balls and dinner parties. It seemed that Nozdrev was not at all worried about the fact that he often lost his property at cards - he certainly wanted to win back. The image of Nozdrev is very important for characterizing other heroes of the poem, in particular Chichikov. After all, Nozdryov was the only person, with whom Chichikov did not make a deal, and in general did not want to meet with him anymore. Pavel Ivanovich barely managed to escape from Nozdrev, but Chichikov could not even imagine under what circumstances he would see this man again.

Sobakevich was the fourth seller of dead souls. His appearance and his behavior resembled a bear, even the interior of his house and household utensils were huge, irrelevant and unwieldy. From the very beginning, the author focuses on the thrift and prudence of Sobakevich. It was he who first offered Chichikov to buy documents for the peasants. Chichikov was surprised by this course of events, but did not argue. The landowner was also remembered for the fact that he raised the price of the peasants, despite the fact that the latter were long dead. He talked about their professional skills or personal qualities, trying to sell documents at a higher price than Chichikov offered.

Surprisingly, it is this hero that has much more chances for spiritual rebirth, because Sobakevich sees how much people have been crushed, how insignificant they are in their aspirations.

This list of characteristics of the heroes of "Dead Souls" contains the most important characters for understanding the plot, but do not forget about the coachman Selifane, and about servant of Pavel Ivanovich, and about the good-natured landowner Plyushkin... Being a master of words, Gogol created very vivid portraits of heroes and their types, so all descriptions of the heroes of "Dead Souls" are so easy to remember and immediately recognizable.

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