Who is Cheburashka description. He invented the Cheburashka, the crocodile Gena, and the cat Matroskin: Post in memory of Eduard Uspensky

Cheburashka is one of those cartoon characters that we continue to sympathize with, even as adults. We will not retell in detail the work "Gena the Crocodile and His Friends" (he is his hero), but let us find out the following point: why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.

Who is the author?

There can be no discrepancies in the answer to this question: the character appeared from the pen of the Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter, author of children's books Eduard Uspensky. It happened in 1966. At the same time, another of his works was published - "Down the Magic River". Ouspensky became popular. To the answer to the question: "Why was Cheburashka called Cheburashka?" - we will address a little below.

The birthplace of the writer is the city of Yegoryevsk (Moscow region). After leaving school, he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. In the same period, his first literary works appeared in print.

Today, the place of residence of the writer is also the Moscow region. The author's works continue to be published in the Samovar publishing house. We hope that there are no difficulties in answering the question: "Who wrote Cheburashka?" - the readers will not have this material.

The character himself became famous after the cartoon about the crocodile Gena and his friends (1969) came out on the screens.

The original version of the book introduced readers to a clumsy, unsightly creature. Small ears, brown fur - this is how his appearance was described in general terms. The appearance of the good-natured image of Cheburashka, which is distinguished by big ears and big eyes, we owe to the production designer

By the way, in the period 1990-2000, the writer had to participate in disputes regarding the authorship of this image. It was about its use in the names of various children's institutions, in various products (this was a common practice in the Soviet period).

We remembered who wrote Cheburashka. Next, we will enumerate the options for the name of the character.

An animal from hot countries

There is a version that in childhood the future writer played with a soft toy, apparently not of the best quality. She was strange looking: with big ears and the same big eyes. It was not possible to understand to which particular order of animals of the world it belongs. Then the parents' fantasy suggested the name of the animal - Cheburashka. Hot countries were chosen as his place of residence. So far, we have given one version of why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka.

Summer, girl, fur coat

An explanation for this name of a fictional hero is given by Ouspensky himself in one of his interviews. In the family of acquaintances of the writer, a little daughter grew up. One of the purchases that her parents decided to please her with was a small fur coat. It was a warm summer outside. The fitting of new clothes took place under Eduard Uspensky. The girl dragged a large fur coat across the floor, it was uncomfortable for her to walk. After she once again stumbled and fell, the father said: "Cheburana again!" Ouspensky became interested in the meaning of the unusual word. A friend explained to him the meaning of the word "cheburahnutsya". It means "to fall."

You can also learn about the origin of the word from the dictionary of V.I. Dahl. It gives both the meaning that we have already given, and such as "crash", "stretch". Dal also mentions the word "cheburashka". Various dialects define it as "a saber of a burlak strap, it is hung on the tail" or as "a vanka-stand, a pupa, it rises to its feet, no matter how thrown it". The word also has figurative interpretations.

Book version of the title

In order to understand another version of why Cheburashka was called Cheburashka, let's recall the plot of the book itself. So, oranges were the favorite food of an animal unknown to science that lived somewhere in the south. One hot day, he climbed into a box with adored fruits discovered on the shore. I ate well and fell asleep. Then the boarded up box ended up in our country and was delivered to the store. After opening the box, instead of the expected fruit, a plump, hairy creature appeared before the store manager. Having no idea what to do with him, the director decided to put the animal on the box. The animal could not resist and fell. The director burst out the phrase: "Fu you, what a Cheburashka!" So this name stuck to the character.

Our story about Cheburashka is coming to an end. I would like to add some interesting facts to it.

To date, many monuments and sculptural compositions have been erected for this hero and his friends. You can meet them in such settlements as the village of Gaspra (Yalta, Crimea), the city of Ramenskoye near Moscow, the city of Khabarovsk, the city of Kremenchug, the city of Dnipro.

Since 2003, Muscovites have been holding a charitable campaign "Cheburashka's Birthday" every August weekend. It is aimed at helping orphans.

In Moscow, in kindergarten No. 2550 (Eastern Administrative District) in 2008, the Cheburashka Museum was opened. It contains a typewriter. It was on it that the story of a loved one was created by both children and their parents of the character.

The writer, who left us on August 14, called the birthday of everyone's beloved eared animal August 20, 1966, the day when the book "Gena the Crocodile and His Friends" was published

It so happened that Eduard Nikolaevich before the holiday Cheburashki... But, according to the established tradition, the birthday will still be celebrated and, of course, they will remember the one thanks to whom Cheburashka was “born”.

A species unknown to science

As soon as our Cheburashka is not called abroad! Druetten, Muxis, Plumps, Kullerchen, Topl, Kulverstukas… Where did his original name come from? Edward Uspensky told a sweet story that his friend's little daughter constantly fell, stepping on the edge of her mother's fur coat, which she wrapped herself in while playing.

When she flopped again, Dad said, “Oh. Cheburahnula again ”. As the writer later learned, cheburahnutsya means “to fall”, “to plump”, “to crash”. The writer liked the word, and he applied it, having come up with one of the most famous cartoon names.

But in the preface to the children's book, Ouspensky said that Cheburashka was the name of one of his children's toys. The toy was defective and was an ugly animal of a species unknown to science. Yellow owl eyes, big ears, small tail - not a bear, not a hare, it is not clear who.

When the child asked who it was and where it lived, he was told a tale that it lives in a tropical jungle, eats oranges and his name is Cheburashka.

Interestingly, in the 1965 edition, Cheburashka does not at all look like the one we know from the cartoon. And he created a familiar image for all of us Leonid Shvartsman.

The word "cheburashka" is also in the dictionary Dahl... There, one of the meanings is a tumbler doll, which gets up "on its feet" from any position. But Cheburashka got a name when he did everything the other way around: no matter how they planted him, he fell all the time, cheburakhata, overeating oranges and falling asleep. From the table to the chair, from the chair to the floor.

Cheburashka walks the planet

They especially loved the funny animal in Japan. When Cheburashka appeared on Japanese television screens in 2001, the country's doll industry experienced a manufacturing boom. Images of Cheburashka were everywhere: on packages, bags, clothes, packaging with milk.

In the form of Cheburashka, they produced chocolate and served restaurant dishes. It got to the point that the Cheburashka figurines were placed near the house "for good luck" along with traditional sculptures from Japanese mythology - dragons and kitsune.

In the new series "Cheburashka" the Japanese crocodile Gene reads Japanese basho and is considered a Russian intellectual. And in 2009, a whole series "What kind of Cheburashka?" Was released, consisting of 26 three-minute episodes.

Shot from the Japanese animated series "What kind of Cheburashka?" year 2009.

Soviet cinema has presented the world with unusual heroes. While famous directors were working on films for an adult audience, the animators thought about how to surprise the little october children and pioneers. The creators of the cartoons used the plots of the books and created authentic stories that were later embodied on the screen. , The wolf and the Hare from "Well, wait!" The first mythical hero of the Soviet animation business was Cheburashka - an unknown creature of unknown origin.

History of creation

Cheburashka is the name of a character in a book written by a children's author. Based on the work "Gena the Crocodile and His Friends" in 1969 the director shot a film. The hero of the book gained fame after the release of the tape.

Cheburashka is an unusual creature. He has two huge round ears, the body is covered with brown hair and it is not clear whether this animal is female or male. It was born thanks to the production designer, Leonid Shvartsman. After the cartoon was translated for showing in other countries, children in all corners of the world recognized Cheburashka. In English his name was Topl, in German - Kullerchen or Plumps, Druetten in Swedish and Muksis in Finnish. At the same time, the children did not know who the creator of the character was.

Despite the legend about the appearance of Cheburashka published in the preface, Eduard Uspensky assured readers that it was not a child's toy at all. In an interview with a Nizhny Novgorod newspaper, the writer admitted that he had somehow watched a friend's little daughter. The girl constantly fell, dressed in someone else's long fur coat.

Her father, noticing these actions, commented on what was happening with the word "cheburahnula". A curious word engraved in Ouspensky's memory. Later, the author learned that in the dictionary "cheburashka" is synonymous with "vanka-vstanka", he is also a tumbler. Cheburashkas were small wooden floats made by anglers to bait their catch.

Biography and plot

Based on the preface of Ouspensky's book, it becomes clear: the author had a defective toy with a similar name in childhood. She looked like a strange animal with round eyes, large ears, a small body and a short tail. The parents assured the boy that Cheburashka lives in the tropical jungle. The animal feeds on oranges, and one day, climbing into a fruit box to feast on, the baby fell asleep in it. The box was closed and taken to a grocery store in a big city.

The name of Cheburashka appeared at the moment when he was discovered by the director of the store. The well-fed animal constantly fell - cheburakhalas, according to others. Due to the fact that he could not sit still without falling, he was given a funny nickname. The character of the hero is soft. The kid is sweet and benevolent, naive, friendly and curious. The diminutive name describes his nature. In some places, the awkward, but charming hero evokes the emotion of the audience and the characters of the cartoon.

According to the plot, they are trying to arrange a strange animal in a zoological garden in order to settle with other animals from the tropics. But the zoo did not know which animals to let the unknown creature into. It was passed from hand to hand until Cheburashka ended up in a thrift store. Here he found it. He worked at the zoo and was alone. In search of friends, Gena was posting ads and came across Cheburashka. Now the animal duo is looking for company. It will include the lion Chandr, the puppy Tobik and the girl Galya. The negative character of the work is the owner of the tame rat Larissa.

In the period from 1966 to 2008, Eduard Uspensky, in collaboration with production designers, created eight plays about the adventures of Cheburashka and friends. In the 1970s, several children's television and radio programs were broadcast in Sweden at once. Audio records with fairy tales about Cheburashka and Gena and children's magazines were popular. The characters went abroad together with dolls that one tourist brought from a trip to the Soviet Union. Cheburashka was christened Drutten. In Swedish this word is translated as "stumble", "fall", which was characteristic of the hero.

An interesting nuance: on Soviet television, cartoon characters were puppets, and in Swedish, they were puppets. The characters sang and talked about life, but the dialogues were very different from the authentic ones. Even Cheburashka's song sounded completely different. Today Drutten is a full-fledged character in Swedish animation. Modern children do not know the history of its origin.

In 2001, the Japanese discovered the cartoon character, and in 2003 they bought the rights to distribute this image from Soyuzmultfilm for 20 years. The animated cartoon "Cheburashka Arere" has been broadcast in Tokyo since 2009. In 2010, the character was accompanied by friends from Ouspensky's book. On TV, they started showing puppet cartoons on the theme of the hero's adventures. Today the cartoons "Crocodile Gena", "Soviets Shapoklyak", "Cheburashka and the Circus" are broadcast in Japan.

Quotes

The works of Soviet cinema and animation are famous for quotes that viewers love. Soulful humorous remarks sink into the soul and have been passed from mouth to mouth for many years. The phrases from the book that have migrated to the cartoon create a special atmosphere, involving the young audience in the plot.

"A young crocodile of about fifty wants to make friends for himself."

This quote raises questions: is the age of a crocodile comparable to human years? Can crocodiles want to be friends? Why is the image of a crocodile associated with an adult? Cheburashka asks Gena a reasonable question about age, and young viewers will learn that crocodiles can live up to three hundred years.

A series of cartoons about the adventures of Cheburashka has a moralistic overtones. Recommendations and advice to children are presented with the help of the main characters. Kindness is the main value for the characters. At the same time, the old woman Shapoklyak assures:

“Those who help people are wasting their time. You cannot become famous for good deeds. "

The old woman's wrongness is clear at first glance, and the kids understand that it is worth helping each other. Good deeds are by all means connected with the main goal of all children of the Soviet Union - to enroll in the pioneers. Gena and Cheburashka are no exception:

“You have to do a lot of good things to get into the pioneers,” Gena condemns, motivating Cheburashka, and at the same time the audience on the other side of the screen.

Despite the characteristic features of Soviet animation skills, children's films about Cheburashka are of interest to modern children. They chained curious kids and nostalgic adults to screens.

As Eduard Uspensky said, the image of Cheburashka was born thanks to a picture he once saw: “I was visiting my friend and saw a little girl dressed in a thick fur coat with a large collar. My friend said: "Oh, cheburakhnula!" This is how I heard this word for the first time. "

According to the Explanatory Dictionary of Vladimir Dahl, the word "cheburashka" meant "a doll, a vanka-vstanka, which itself got up on its feet, no matter how you throw it." The verbs "cheburachat" and "cheburakhnut" were used in the meaning of "to throw, to throw, to overturn with a thunder, to bang, to slap".

Thanks to the efforts of the artist Leonid Aronovich Shvartsman, Cheburashka became one of the most beloved cartoon characters of the USSR. "In the process of creating the film, the tail fell off. The cartoon Cheburashka has eyes like a human child. He has big ears, a framing around his face. And, of course, a charm has come, which is not in the drawings of other artists," notes Shvartsman.

The word "Cheburashka" has existed for a long time, and contrary to popular opinion, it was not the writer Eduard Uspensky who invented it. In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language", compiled by V.I. Dahlem, it is reported that "a Cheburashka is an old toy, a doll, a vanka-vstanka, which no matter how you throw it, it will still get up on its feet."

Another scientist is the lexicographer S.I. Ozhegov in his "Dictionary of the Russian language" cites two words used in common parlance - cheburahnut and cheburakhnutsya, close to the meaning "to throw, fall or hit with a noise."

It is known that in the old circus acrobatic clowns were called Cheburashkas. In order to make the audience laugh, they cheburakhalis to the arena, i.e. screeching and screaming they fell into the sawdust and floundered in them, trying to kill the audience with laughter.

So Eduard Uspensky owns the plot of the book and its writing, and he gave the name to his hero, resurrecting a long-forgotten word to life.

On August 14, 2018, one of the most beloved children's writers passed away, whose works have become classics of literature and animation - Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky. His books were sorted into quotes in the post-Soviet space, his characters are very popular in Japan, his books have been translated into 20 languages ​​of the world. And thanks to him, everyone knows exactly how to eat a sandwich - "We need sausage on the tongue."

The naive Cheburashka, the crocodile-intellectual Gena, the charismatic old woman Shapoklyak, the independent Uncle Fyodor, the controversial Pechkin, the janitor from the "Plasticine Crow" - all his characters have become a real encyclopedia of Russian life. His books and cartoons have long been dismantled into quotes, and they, in an amazing way, still help fathers and children to find a common language.

How it all began

The first literary work of Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky is the book "Uncle Fyodor, the Dog and the Cat". He wrote this story when he was working in the library of a summer camp and could not even imagine that both adults and children would love his fairy tale so much.

And when a cartoon was shot based on the book, the army of fans of Uncle Fyodor and his friends increased many times over. By the way, each cartoon character had its own prototype - one of the members of the team that worked on the cartoon or their relatives.

Cheburashka and all-all-all

Eduard Uspensky invented the story of Cheburashka and Gena the crocodile in Odessa. He accidentally saw a chameleon in a box with oranges and decided to embellish this story a little. The writer made a friendly and cute animal out of a chameleon, and did not break his head over a name for him: Cheburashka! So the writer's friends called their little daughter, who was just learning to walk.
However, all the other inhabitants of the fabulous country also did not appear from scratch. Ouspensky did not even try to hide the fact that his first wife became the prototype for Shapoklyak, and the young friends of the crocodile Gena are kids who lived in the same yard with the writer.

World fame

Nobody expected this, and Ouspensky himself in the first place. But his tale about Cheburashka made a splash and not only in the vastness of the USSR. In Japan, the strange animal with huge ears has become a favorite character. And in Sweden, comics based on the works of Ouspensky have been published more than once. In Lithuania, the cartoon was translated into the state language, slightly changing the names of the characters. And in Russia, August 20 is declared the birthday of Cheburashka.

Plasticine crow

Ouspensky's poetic work "Plasticine Crow" was born quickly and spontaneously. Somehow he sang an attached Irish folk song for almost the whole day, and he himself did not notice how Russian words lay on this tune. As a result, the work, on which the cartoon was later filmed, was born in literally half an hour.

However, the fairy tale did not lose from the ease of its birth and became really popularly loved.

And completely non-cartoon projects

There were also projects in the creative biography of Eduard Uspensky that had nothing to do with cartoons, but they were still dedicated to children. He was the creator and host of the popular children's program "Abgdeika" and was the first to open a system of interactive communication with young viewers. He taught kids the alphabet and grammar from the TV screen, for which he received a lot of grateful reviews from their parents. Later, Ouspensky wrote the book "School of Clowns", which even today is an excellent learning assistant.

In the 1980s, Ouspensky hosts the radio program "Pionerskaya Zorka" and appeals to his young listeners with an unusual request - to send scary stories they have invented or heard. As a result of such creative communication, a book of stories with unusual plots was created, and every child could feel himself involved in writing it.

Travel lover

Ouspensky loved to travel, while he knew exactly in which countries his books were translated and which favorite heroes in this or that country. He himself could not explain why different characters are popular in different countries, and preferred to simply rejoice at the popularity of his books.

For the past several years, Eduard Nikolaevich has been struggling with cancer. In August 2018, he returned home from Germany, where he was undergoing treatment, and his condition deteriorated sharply. He refused hospitalization and spent the last days at home, not getting out of bed. On August 14, he was gone. Bright memory...

Remembering the work of Eduard Uspensky, the story of that.