Description of the abodes of the fortress, the captain's daughter. Belogorsk fortress: characteristics of the inhabitants
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Goes to the place of his future service. As far as the road from Simbirsk to Orenburg was full of stormy experiences and extraordinary incidents, so the way from Orenburg to the Belogorsk fortress was dull and monotonous. If the steppe before Orenburg was rebellious and formidable (remember the blizzard), now it appears calmed and sad. "The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river was not frozen yet, and its leaden waves were sadly black on the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Behind them stretched the Kyrgyz steppes." The word “stretched” alone allows us to imagine the vast, tedious in their monotony spaces beyond the Yaik River. There are few colors: white snow and blackening "lead waves". So in a few words Pushkin conveys the mood of the sad winter Orenburg steppe. The road reflections of the young traveler are sad. General R.'s words - "you will be in the command of Captain Mironov, kind and honest man... There you will be in the real service, you will learn discipline "- they made Grinev imagine the future boss as a strict, angry old man who knows nothing but his service. And yet Grinev is waiting for new impressions - after all, he is going to the fortress!" sides, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and a rampart. "However, instead of formidable bastions, he saw log fences, instead of towers - stacks of hay and a twisted mill with lubok, lazily lowered wings. What did remotely resemble a fortress? ...
At the commandant's house, Grinev is greeted by a duty officer - an old invalid who "sewed a blue patch on the elbow of a green uniform." It can be seen that the "old woman in a quilted jacket" is in command, as it turned out, the commandant's wife: "Ivan Kuzmich is not at home, he went to visit Father Gerasim; but all the same, father, I am his mistress." How does the comic depiction of the "commandant's mistress" deepen? She interrupts Ivan Ignatievich, starts a conversation with the young Grinev herself and immediately begins to tell about the officer Shvabrin, who is still unknown to Grinev. But Vasilisa Yegorovna at the same time attracts the reader with cordiality and hospitality. She affectionately meets an unknown officer: "Please, love and favor. Sit down, father." She decisively interrupts Ivan Ignatievich's curiosity: "You see, the young man is tired from the road, he has no time for you ..."
Vasilisa Yegorovna's dialogue regarding Grinev's device is interesting. But her master's actions are not fair. We see why Grinev ends up in Semyon Kuzov's apartment and not Ivan Polezhaev's. Vasilisa Yegorovna disposes of the fortress at her own discretion, uncontrollably sort out petty quarrels, is cool in decisions.
Before us is the life of a small abandoned fortress, in which there is nothing military, except for a single cannon, an officer's diploma hanging on the wall in a frame under glass, and shabby uniforms on a disabled person and Ivan Ignatievich. Grinev's new acquaintances are slightly comical, and we cannot help smiling when reading about them, as they do not coincide with our ideas about military people. The most "militant" of them is Vasilisa Yegorovna, and this enhances the comedy of the picture of the captain's house. But one cannot fail to notice: something good-natured, open, ingenuous bribes us in the Mironovs.
And how does Grinev's first day in the fortress end? He goes to the house of Semyon Kuzov. Everything tells him that life in the fortress will be dull, joyless. "... I began to look out the narrow window. A sad steppe stretched in front of me. Several huts stood obliquely; several hens were wandering along the street. An old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, which answered her with a friendly grunt. I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me ... "- writes Grinev.
We see that the landscape, which begins and ends the chapter, played a big role in the idea of the Belogorsk fortress, which was created in our imagination. Pay attention to important feature Pushkin's language: landscapes are unusually stingy, laconic, as well as descriptions of people's moods. Pushkin, as it were, allows the reader himself to draw in his imagination what surrounds Grinev, to imagine him state of mind, expressed in the words: "melancholy took me," "I walked away from the window and went to bed without supper."
How do Grinev's impressions of the fortress and its inhabitants expand on the second day of his stay in it? Grinev notices the poverty and wretchedness of the fortress, the weakness of its military training. He saw the commandant of the fortress on the landing, who was teaching the soldiers. They were old invalids, dressed in shabby uniforms. Vasilisa Yegorovna says to the commandant: "Only glory that you teach the soldiers: neither they are given service, nor you know any sense in it. I would sit at home and pray to God, it would be better." An important detail: Ivan Kuzmich commands the soldiers "in a cap and a Chinese dressing gown."
We are once again convinced that the fortress, which was destined to take the blow of the rebels, was abandoned, poorly equipped, infinitely peaceful. V wooden house Mironovs Life is going as usual, a small circle gathers, dine, dine, pass on gossip. “There were no reviews, no teachings, no guards in the God-saved fortress,” recalls Grinev (Chapter IV). No one controls the actions of the commandant, no one thinks about the military equipment of the fortress. General R. in Orenburg is more busy with his apple orchard than with military affairs. Meanwhile, in the area of the Belogorsk fortress, events of great importance are brewing.
Grinev arrives at the fortress in the late autumn of 1773. Are there any hints in the story that the general excitement of the local regions reaches the log fence of the Belogorsk fortress? Vasilisa Yegorovna asks the police officer, the Cossack Maksimych at Grinev: "Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?" - "Everything, thank God, is quiet," the Cossack replies. And how is the appearance of the sergeant portrayed? This is a "young and handsome Cossack". We know there were soldiers and Cossacks in the garrison. What comparison begs? The commandant had only disabled people during the training, and among the Cossacks there were strong and young people capable of fighting. Maksimych is associated with the Cossacks, he will be in the ranks of the rebels. And here's another detail: Vasilisa Yegorovna says that she is used to the fact that large crowds of "lynx hats" appear in the steppe. They have appeared now, "they are prowling around the fortress."
Belogorsk fortress, in which the young Grinev was to serve, was "forty miles from Orenburg" and was a village surrounded by a log fence. At the gate Grinev saw “a cast-iron cannon; the streets were narrow and crooked; the huts are low and for the most part covered with straw. " The commandant himself was located in a simple wooden house, built on a high place near the wooden church.
The first meeting with the commandant made on young man extraordinary impression: it was “a cheerful old man and tall, in a cap and a Chinese dressing gown ", he commanded twenty" old invalids ", lined up" in a frunt ". Less than a few weeks later, Grinev's life in the Belogorsk fortress became "not only bearable, but even pleasant for him." At the commandant's house, he "was received as a native"; Ivan Kuzmich and his wife were "the most respectable people." The commandant became an officer "from a soldier's children", was a simple man, poorly educated, but "honest and kind." Mironov zealously performed his duty, serving the Empress and punishing her enemies. In the face of death, he showed extraordinary courage.
Vasilisa Yegorovna, a simple and cordial woman, met Pyotr Grinev in the fortress as if she had known him for centuries. She and the affairs of the service "looked like her own, and managed the fortress as precisely as her house." For twenty years she and her husband had lived in this fortress. She was accustomed to the military way of life, subject to danger, and even in scary days Pugachev's troubles, she did not leave her husband and was not afraid to share the fate with him.
Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, lived in the fortress with her parents. From childhood she was accustomed to such a life, but, despite the soldier's environment, she grew up to be a thin, sensitive girl. Independent mind, courage, ability
To deep sincere feelings, loyalty this word- the main character traits of Masha Mironova. For the sake of love and friendship, she is capable of real heroism. She is liked by everyone who knows her, Savelich calls her "an angel of God."
An old servant of the Grinevs, Savelich is the personification of a bright folk character... Truthfulness, good nature, courage are inherent in him, human dignity... He selflessly serves his masters, all his desires, feelings and thoughts are subordinated to the masters. He looks at everything through the eyes of his masters, and therefore Pugachev for him, common man, is a villain and a crook.
The fortress was inhabited by people of another kind, opposed to the "old guard".
Officer Shvabrin is a representative of a noble family. This is a typical brilliant officer of the Guards, a wealthy nobleman, not devoid of intelligence, but received a superficial education. He is spoiled, accustomed to the fact that all his desires are fulfilled. In addition, Shvabrin is an envious, cowardly and arrogant egoist, who became a supporter of Pugachev, not from ideological, but from selfish considerations.
In the images of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, the author seeks to convey to the readers his idea that the "indigenous" nobility, who did so much in the creation of the Russian state, ousted from power, disillusioned, retains the best estate properties, and the "new nobility" in the person of Shvabrin , which has acquired political and economic power, is deprived of nobility, conscience, honor and love for the homeland.
The father of Petrusha Grinev, a retired military man, hardly guessed himself, sending his son to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, that such childish tests would fall to his lot. Little else was known about the popular revolt, about its "senselessness and ruthlessness". But the fact that the son should not "wind and hang out" in St. military service... "Serve faithfully to whom you swear" - that was his command.
A small garrison, where Pyotr Grinev went to serve, stood far from the cultural and political centers of Russia. Life here was boring and monotonous, the commandant of the fortress, captain Mironov taught the soldiers the intricacies of military service, his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, delved into everything, managing the fortress as seriously as in her house. Their daughter, Marya Ivanovna Mironova, "a girl of eighteen years old, chubby, rosy, with light blond hair combed smoothly behind her ears," was the same age as Grinev, and, of course, he immediately fell in love with her. In the house of the commandant, Grinev was accepted as a family, and from the ease of such a service, as well as from falling in love, he even began to write poetry.
By their literary experiences Petrusha shared with Alexei Shvabrin, an officer exiled to the Belogorsk fortress from St. Petersburg for a duel. It soon became clear that Shvabrin was also in love with Masha, but was refused. Offended, he spoke about Masha Grineva, in the hope that the comrade would doubt her decency and stop caring for her. But Grinev challenged the slanderer to a duel and was wounded. The commandant's family tenderly nursed the wounded man, and Shvabrin harbored even greater anger at Grinev.
Once this completely peaceful life of the inhabitants of the fortress was disrupted: the siege of the fortress by rioters led by Pugachev began. The forces were clearly unequal and, although Mironov's soldiers stood to death with their only cannon, Pugachev conquered the fortress. It was here that the character of the inhabitants of the fortress manifested itself: neither the "coward" Masha, nor Vasilisa Yegorovna agreed to leave Mironov and take refuge in Orenburg. The captain himself, realizing that the garrison was doomed, ordered to shoot back to the end, tried to raise the garrison to attack, to strike at the enemy. This is a brave act of an elderly and quiet man, considering that Pugachev took many fortresses without a fight. Mironov did not recognize the impostor as emperor and accepted death, as befits a Russian officer. After him, Vasilisa Yegorovna died, calling Pugachev a poor convict before her death.
Masha managed to hide in the house of the priest, the frightened Shvabrin swore allegiance to Pugachev, and Grinev was preparing to accept death as fearlessly as the Mironovs, but suddenly the false emperor recognized him. Grinev also remembered the night when he and Savelich, on their way to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, fell into a blizzard and lost their way. They were then brought to an inn by a man who had come from nowhere, whom he and Savelich conditionally called a counselor. Then, to the displeasure of the uncle, Grinev presented the counselor with a sheepskin coat from the master's shoulder, because he noticed how lightly dressed he was. Now Pugachev recognized Grinev and in gratitude for this let him go.
Shvabrin took Marya Ivanovna prisoner, forcing her to surrender to him. She managed to pass the letter to Grinev and he rushed to rescue her. Pugachev again showed generosity and freed the girl. He did not change his mind and learned that this girl was the daughter of the rebellious commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. Seeing off Grinev, he almost admitted that he was an impostor and did not believe in the happy outcome of his venture.
So ended what seemed at first serene life inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress. The usual course of events was changed by her sudden siege. Extreme events have revealed the characters of its inhabitants.
Visualize the picture, which is enclosed in just one phrase: "The river has not frozen yet, and its lead waves sadly blackened in the monotonous banks covered with white snow." Describe the epithets that are used here.
Lead waves create a stark contrast to the snow-covered white shores. Before us is a landscape of the beginning of winter, depicted graphically. It closely resembles an engraving, and its outlines create a disturbing mood. Not only the colors of the beginning of winter appear before the viewer, but a certain mood is also created. So, the epithet lead conveys the heavy movement of freezing water.
Carefully read the description of the Belogorsk fortress and compare it with the imaginary fortress that Petrusha expected to see. How could an idea of a mighty fortress be formed in the mind of an undergrowth?
Petrusha did not read much, but even in the fairy tales that he could hear from his mothers and nannies, there were fabulous palaces and impregnable fortresses. They are always drawn in our minds as mighty, built of powerful stones and leaving their walls and towers upward. It is worthwhile to imagine such a fortress for a minute, and then re-read the description of the poor and neglected structure, which was the Belogorsk fortress. At the same time, you will immediately feel the power of the disappointment that should have seized Petrusha.
Describe the first appearance of a new officer at the commandant of the fortress. How does the narrator feel about this scene? How is this description related to the second epigraph of the chapter ("Ancient people, my father")? Let us recall that these are the words from DI Fonvizin's "Minor". Who says this phrase in a comedy?
Let's not forget that the story is told from the perspective of Pyotr Grinev, who has matured and remembers his youth. The scene of Petrusha's appearance at the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress is described with a feeling of sympathy and a slight smile from the elder over a naive ignoramus who found himself in a new environment. The simplicity and patriarchy of the life of the inhabitants of the fortress evoke affection and help to immediately appreciate the new participants in the events of the story. These are really "old people". But such a definition does not diminish their dignity in any way. The patriarchy of everyday life, unswerving adherence to customs only maintain the atmosphere of sympathy that arises when reading.
There is no irony in the epigraph to the chapter. Let us remind you that these are the words of Mrs. Prostakova from the comedy "The Minor" (third act, phenomenon V).
Give portraits of those "old people" whom Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress.
The story about the people that Pyotr Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress can be told in the order of their appearance on the pages of the chapter. The first was an "old invalid" who, sitting on a table, was sewing a patch on the elbow of his green uniform. He immediately said to the newcomer: "Come in, father, our houses."
The "old woman in a quilted jacket" who, together with the "crooked old man in an officer's uniform," unwound the threads, was Vasilisa Yegorovna - the commandant's wife - the main person in this remote little world.
She tells Grinev about Shvabrin and summons the sergeant Maksimych, a young and stately Cossack.
Grinev is settling into his new environment. It becomes obvious to the reader that the relations of people in the Belogorsk fortress are completely determined by the words from "The Minor".
Those interested can prepare a story - a genre sketch of the life of the Belogorsk fortress in peacetime.
The story about the peaceful course of life in the Belogorsk fortress may well coincide with the retelling chapter III"Fortress". It is worth talking about a very modest strengthening, patriarchal way of life, and about the inseparable connection with official decisions, which are nevertheless made in peacetime, about how the military service is going. You can enter into this story, for example, a description of how the hut was chosen for Grinev's residence. “Take Pyotr Andreevich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden ”. This is the motive for the stay of the newly arrived officer.
Read carefully short description landscape, opening from the window of Semyon Kuzov's hut, to which Grinev was assigned to the post. What role does this description play in the chapter?
The place where Grinev was determined to live was on the very edge of the fortress, on the high bank of the river. “A sad steppe stretched before me. Several huts stood obliquely; several chickens roamed the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, which answered her with a friendly grunt. This description prepared the reader to realize the state of the young officer: "And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth!"
/ / / Belogorsk Fortress in the life of Pyotr Grinev (based on Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter")The story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "" can be safely called historical work, because it describes the peasant uprising led by Pugachev. We see everything that happens through the eyes of the protagonist Pyotr Grinev, who was aimed at military service to the Belogorsk fortress.
In the fortress, Petrusha is a very "green" boy. He was only sixteen years old. It should be noted that the main character was under the care of his parents all his adult life and did not feel all the difficulties. life path... The Belogorsk fortress became a real school of life for Grinev. She brought up a real man in him with her values, principles, ability to stand up for herself and her loved ones.
The first life lesson for became love feelings for. The first impression about Maria from the main character was formed by the stories of Shvabrin, who spoke about the girl not very friendly. Over time, Grinev realizes that Masha is an intelligent and well-mannered girl. He stops believing the words. One day he even challenges his one to a duel. best friend to protect the honor of his beloved. Shvabrin cheated and wounded Grinev when he was distracted by Savelich's cry.
After the duel, Peter and Maria decide to get married. True, Grinev's parents did not approve of the choice of their son, because they received from Shvabrin about the duel and the wound of Peter.
This event finally destroyed the friendship of the two young people. Although they were very similar to each other, the only thing that distinguished them was their moral level of development. Over time, Grinev learns that all the dirty reviews about Masha were Shvabrin's revenge for the fact that the girl rejected the advances of a young officer.
All the insignificance of Shvabrin's personality manifested itself during the seizure of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels of Pugachev. He immediately went over to the side of Pugachev. Having become the commandant of the fortress, he wanted to take advantage of the situation and forcibly marry Maria, but an accident intervened, which saved the girl.
Much to Grinev's surprise, he recognized Pugachev. It was he who helped the main character and Savelich to get out of the blizzard. It was for this that Peter presented Pugachev with a hare sheepskin coat. This act remained in the memory of Pugachev, which later affected good attitude to Grinev. The main character remained faithful to the oath, he did not recognize the true power of the rebels and openly declared that he was ready to fight for the empress to the last drop of blood.
Over time, Grinev radically changes his opinion about Pugachev. If at the beginning of the uprising he acted as a robber and impostor who achieves his goal by any means, then in the future we see a wise man with his own philosophy of life, which was enclosed in a Kalmyk tale. But all the same, Peter could not accept this philosophy, it was not clear to him. Even the act of Pugachev to save Mary from Shvabrin's atrocities did not affect this. Later, he releases the beloved from the fortress.
Thus, being in the Belogorsk fortress, Pyotr Grinev passed the test of friendship, love, loyalty to the homeland. It should be noted that he passed them with honor. Now he was no longer a "green" boy, but a real officer, ready at any moment to accomplish a feat for the sake of his family, homeland, empress.