What is painted with oil pastels. Several ways to draw oil pastel

Today oil pastel It is manufactured in the form of sticks from pigments, a pure synthetic binder and mineral wax. Pigments are crushed with an inert binding seictive, so it does not oxidize and has no effect on the stability of the picture, drawing, still life or landscape.

The base of oil pastels is mixed with wax - which provides unique oiliness and a paste-like texture.

Types of pencils

Main types:

Dry

There are three main types - dry pastel, which uses Arabian and tragacant gum, water-soluble and oily and soft oil. Dry pastel includes;

Soft

Soft shames - in chopsticks contain a high proportion of pigment and a bit of a binder, as a result of which they have brighter colors. When working with landscape or still life, mixing is mixed by rubbing into the surface.

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Solid

Solid chalk have a significant part of the binder and few pigments, so used for small details, sketches in the picture, drawing.

Pastel lead pencils are useful for beginners in the joining of small details.
Water soluble pastels refer to special categories, similar to a soft subtype, but contain a water-soluble component - glycol. This allows you to change the color in still lifes, landscapes with water.

Properties

Oil pastels are characterized by a soft consistency, an intense oily palette. Used in painting and graphics, where the environment has characteristics similar to pastels:

Unlike the "soft" or "Japanese" pastel sticks, which are made with methylcellulose, oil chalk consist of a pigment mixed with the binding low-drying oil and wax.

Pictures and drawings have a less mild surface, but difficult to be protected by fixing means.

Sangina drawing with red shallow

Oil pastels provide a tougher edge than "soft" or "French" crayons, it is difficult to mix, but are diluted with solvents and do not require a fixer.

The wax and inert oils are used as a binder - as a result, the pictures and drawings are not yellow and have excellent adhesion with paper, cardboard, plywood and other materials.

They are completely free from acid, never solidify and do not crack.

Oil chalk applied on any paper, a tough support (wood, organic, metal, MDF, glass) or cold fabric - without technical limitations, which provides the artist with complete freedom of expression, while maintaining storage stability.

How to draw

In painting pastels on oil help to create a unique color in still lifes or landscapes. Many artists prefer to use them with other paints. Oil crayons are similar to traditional dry. Barsters can be multi-level, applied in stages, as well as using soft chalks, but only to a certain extent. If too much material is applied to the picture or drawing, the colors can be poisoned.

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Technique of working with oil chalks looks like color pencils:

• Creating famolding for beginners helps to highlight the free zone and local zones.
• Multi-level layers to achieve depth and shade.
• Slow phased adding smears will not spoil the shade.
• Cleaning the edges of the background to determine the edges of the depicted object, the back plan.

Universal oil pastels are well held on the surface of the picture. They react to a wide variety of methods - from direct pattern to special pictorial techniques. They are rubbed, used on a colorless basis, make washing with turpentine, scrape some areas. They have vegetable, mineral or synthetic base oil, and not linen, as in oil paints, therefore do not require a primed surface of the patterns.

Gouache drawing technique

Combination with paint

Easily combine oil paints And oil pastels in one picture, still lifes, but the paint should go the first layer, this is explained by the fact that the oil pastel really never dries and always remains pasty, therefore the layer of oil paint on top of pastels will be unstable.

The exception to the rule "draw the first layer of paint", if the pastel is sketch. Colors are bright or translucent, depending on the technique of working with them.

Drying

Do not dry by oxidation under air influence. Instead, they solidify with time. Thin smears in the figure dry quickly, but for more severe layers, the process lasts several months.

Surface

Virtually any surface - canvas, wooden panels, metal sheets, watercolor paper, grinding paper surfaces or any others, on which it is possible to experiment in gradually.

Dry Brush Technique in Painting

Fastening work

The pre-made base of vinyl resin and alcohol creates a completely transparent fixing layer and leaves a transparent film to protect the surface from dust and lubrication. Several phased layers increase glitter, but require sufficient drying time to avoid stickiness. The protector for beginners of the synthetic resin is suitable as a final or working fixer and has excellent adhesion to the oil. The multilayer protector supports the satin texture.

In painting

Oil pastel is relatively new technician In painting:

• Only in 1921 she developed an artist and the theorist Yamamoto.
• In 1947, Artists Henri Getz and Pablo Picasso proposed the idea of \u200b\u200bdeveloping a professional version of pastels based on oil.
• In 1949, the first oil professional pastels with a brilliant color palette appeared.
• An unusually wide range of shades of gray was specially selected by Picasso.

Some masters advise when painting their textile toys use oil pastels. In several stores, I asked what kind of beast it was, and could not find out. Today, in one shop, not a few boxes of this pastel stumbled upon, and asked the seller to see. On the appearance It was like wax crayons. They just have it. I smear my eyes with a doll before their painting. I decided to look into the internet what's the difference, this article I found:

"Pencil and brush". Oil pastel and wax pencils. Compare and draw.

Hello, cute moms. Passed May holidays. We returned from Yekaterinburg, where they rested, walked, enjoyed beautiful weather. Sorses played S. cousins and sisters that they have a lot there. Everything just perfectly spent time. Now you can work with new forces.

Today I will tell about beautiful materials: oil pastels and wax crayons. What is it? Above the work of my older son, made as a gift to your beloved Tete, she had a birthday yesterday. The drawing is made by oil indian pastel.
You may have read my previous articles about artistic materials: "Buy Children good watercolor"," Watercolor and Gouache - compare. How to work" and "About pastels, or" Dry painting "soft colored crayons". And now the wax turn came.
I think everyone is familiar with wax pencils (crayons). Did painted with children more than once. But what is oil pastel, what they look like, and how does it differ from dry (soft) pastels, do you know? Why, I wrote about her not next to dry pastel?
1. Pastel - These are multi-colored crayons, composition: color pigments, chalk and binders. Pastel word ( pastello.) From Italian pasta. - Dough or pasta.
Pastel is a drawing material and technique. Pastel combines painting and drawing capabilities.
Compare, which is this different pastel.
Types of pastels:

• Dry pastel (Soft pastel) - It has quite extensive color gamut, consisting of about 110 shades, is well mixed with each other. Has the effect of velvety.
• Oil pastel - It is made from wax and mineral oil with adding pigments. Unlike dry pastels, traces from oil pastels are obtained more intense and bright.
• Wax Pastel - the main component is the wax with the addition of all the same pigments, has a good color resistance, the strokes are obtained bright and intense

That is, you already understood, oil and wax Pastel Dry is distinguished by the composition - the presence of wax.
Wax, in particular, colored beeswax, was used as a drawing agent starting with ancient times. Subsequently, his Greeks took over the Romans for portrait painting.
2. Wax pencils (chalks)- Composition: Natural or Synthetic Wax + Colored Pigments
Wax pencils leave bright strokes and are suitable for work in various techniques.

What is the difference between oil pastels and wax crayons. By the way, I'm talking about good crayons. It seems everywhere in the wax. Here is a photo for comparison. You see that visually differences are not visible. But, if you lose your finger - wax shallows are not dirty, and the oil pastel is dirty. Moreover, than it is softer, the more dirty. But the soft is much more interesting to draw, write and create effects.
Oil pastel features softness, brightness. Although good wax crayons are also soft enough. And recently we were presented with Indian oil pastel. How I liked her. It is still softer and brighter, but even stronger is dumping. The box of this pastel is in the photo. Highly recommend. And the stalks lie cheap wax crayons - they are poor-quality, scratched.
Differences of wax materials:

• Wax chalks are harder - almost not smeared.
• Oil pastel can be confused (smeared) with a finger or something else.
• And the Indian oil pastel is generally very soft, it is very similar to dry pastel, only much greater - perfectly smeared and rubs, and of course, it gets more.

Properties of oil pastels and wax chalk:

• Fast and easy use
• Saturated, bright, torn trail
• Not dirty almost, compared to dry pastel
• Minds too less
• Inability to correct
• Bad is erased
• Do not wash off water

As you understand, it's all - fatty wax crayons that are not erased, leave a rather thick trail. At the same time bright, juicy. Of course, this is a wonderful material for creativity. From the series "easily". The child and mom take the pencils and immediately draws. It turns out bright and beautiful. Paper is suitable any: smooth and rough, thin and thick, cardboard - at least. It is still beautifully drawn on the walls and various objects and surfaces.
It seems everything is known, buy, take and draw. But ..., often the result is not very, although this happens not because of the creator of the picture, but due to the quality of the materials. We have a set of cheap wax chalks at home - they scrape, scratch - not work, but torment. Therefore, buying wax chalk guys, pay attention to the quality, try to draw on some sheet. Is it gently writes or stuck? Bright color or barely seen? Well, but only a good oil pastel came across. But checking when buying does not interfere.

How to draw with wax materials? And also, like a dry pastel: you can work with edge, end or sideways shame - different traces are obtained. Wax strokes are trimmed with fingers, soft tampons. It can draw and write, work with strokes or picturesque stain.
Wax pencil and oil pastel - cool and very picturesque material for rapid sketches and sketches.
Interesting effect It turns out if on top of wax, go through watercolor or gouache - only those places where there is no wax trail on paper. It will be already mixed technique . It is often used in children's work.
Council №1. To sharpen the wax pencil, lower it in hot water, then ride between your fingers. Or screw the knife for cleaning vegetables.
What else can be done with wax materials:

• You can make a two-color wax pencil: remove the paper wrapper with two pencils, melt one side of each over the candle flame and blind them together. And if you want a multi-faceted, cross over a rubber band or four pencils.
• You can melt old wax pencils and pour into the molds - it turns out pencils for kids.

You ask, and is it possible to mix dry pastel in one drawing, ordinary (stylistic) pencils and oil pastels or wax chalk. After all, I sometimes want. Opinions are different, choose to you. It seems they are completely different to each other. But ..., in creativity, everything is possible and has the right to embody. Therefore ...
Tip number 2. If you decide to mix these materials in one work, then the order is: it is important! First pastel, then ordinary pencils, and on top of all wax or oil pastel. So how to work with conventional pencils or pastels on top of waxing, it will not be possible simply physically (you can try :)) First, they do not paint over the wax, and secondly, we will notify the wax of the griffel or pastelly. By the way, ordinary stylist pencils also leave a smooth trail, so dry pastel is painted first. Otherwise, the pencil track will be shifted through pastel.
Tip number 3. How to erase wax pencils from wallpaper?! -finally, the Council of Mommy. I did not try, my son had not yet decorated with new wallpapers with wax pencils. Although, of course, and on the wallpaper is creativity that has the right to exist.
Moms advise how to erase wax pencils from wallpaper:

• eraser from a piece white bread
• try to soften the drawing with a hairdryer for drying hair, and then erase toilet paper
• cover the drawing with paper and spend the iron on it.
• to cover the place pure sheet paper and swallow something dense (rolling pin)
• melamine Sponge

The melamine sponge is a white sponge, it is a certain kind of soft plastics. As if eraser for dirt. They say the magic agent. It is worth a slightly moisten from the sponge pulverizer and spend on pollution and it is erased. Removes traces from marker, marker, handles; Traces of black from shoes and bicycle tires on linoleum; lime bloom, yellow raid in the refrigerator; Plastic window sill from the solar brown spots of dried water from under the colors with flowers; tile, bath, sink and it is without other means only with a sponge; Stainless steel extract, microwave to a state of new. However, it is impossible to touch it polished surfaces. First try on an invisible site. It flashes quickly, crumbs. Advise her to divide in half, and for little plot Just tear off a piece.
Perhaps I will buy us such a sponge, it will be useful. This eldest son is quiet, calm with us, and the youngest, it seems that there will be a thunderstorm of wallpaper and everything that the paws will reach. Such a chaser. We must prepare in advance.
That's what I wanted to tell about wax materials: pastels and pencils. Of course, children are very familiar with children. It is very convenient to use them, easy and practical. Recommend!

Oil pastel

Oil pastel

Graphic material produced in the form of color bars of round or square shape or pencils, with the so-called, pastel rod. The other name of pastel bars is pastel chalks. There are three types of pastels in the shops - oil pastel, dry pastel and wax pastel. In this article, it will be about oil form. Before buy oil pastelfor the first time, it is necessary to understand what it differs from other species and why it is suitable for you.

Such pastel is made by pressing pigment and oil, as a rule, linen or other mineral oil. Most often oil pastel Designed for beginnersBut they love her and experienced artists.

Advantages of oil pastels

- Drawing Oil Pastelit will be nice for those who love bright and rich colors, as the dry pastel is more matte.

Unlike dry pastels, oil makes it possible to store ready-made work without using a fixative (paint fixer)

Tone brightness and freshness

The possibility of decisive creates a wide range of features: from creating a picture before writing a picture

Oil Pastel Price varies - there are high-quality, but inexpensive options plukuly and in sets. There are such options, for example, at the sonnet, Koh i-Noor and Mungyo. Famous pastels Sennelier are more expensive and positioned as professional. Oil pastel in a set - a good start for those who want to try drawing pastels and immediately have ready set basic flowers. Pastel is sold in sets 12, 24, 36 colors. There are also more extended palettes for 74 and 120 colors.

What to draw oil pastel

Pastels can be drawing on textured paper, sandpaper, velvety or watercolor paper, as well as on a pastel board made from traffic jam.

The surface of pastel paper should be textured because the pastel is not absorbed into its surface and must be fixed in the "cells" on the surface of the paper. This requirement refers to pastels in general, and not only to the oil type. Another requirement for pastel paper is its density. It is desirable that it starts from 160 g / sq m. But there is pastel paper with a density of 100 and 130 g / sq. M. For pastels, a sufficiently dense and robust paper is needed, which will be resistant to mechanical exposure, since the paintel drawing technique implies constant rubbing sheet, Both at the drawing stage and decisive and adjust the image.

The surface on which the pattern is created or the picture is created, its color also have an impact on what the drawing will be. For example, velvet paper gives natural "blur", the softness of the image. The surface color affects the colorfulness of the color, the transfer of shades and the overall effect from the drawing. Therefore, many artists tonate pastel coffee paper or tea to get brown and gray shadeswhere bright colors will look more effectively. Or immediately buy colored paper For pastels.

Pastel is a compromise between graphics and painting. Depending on what you want to see on finished work It becomes both paint or graphic instrument. Pastel painted Degas, Levitan, Delacroix, Serov, Kustodiev. Try and you! Discover the bright, pleasant material in the work!

Oil pastel (Oil Pastel) relatively new artisticIf you consider the fact that traditional picturesque materials exist and are used for centuries.

In 1921 two summary brother Yamomoto, one of which is an artist, and another theorist, developed high-quality crayons that have accommodated softness and smoothness, incense with paints, but at the same time, texture and appearance matched traditional pastels. For some time, they worked on improving the shallow recipes in Sakura Cryon, where the Cray-Pas brand was "born" after a while.

The final formulation appeared in 1927, and positioned new Material only for children's creativity. In 1947, Artists Henry Getz and Pablo Picasso came out with a proposal to Henry Senenelier (Sennelier) with the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a professional version of this kindergarten.

Picasso formulated his wishes approximately like this: "I want a color pastel that could work on any surface: wood, paper, canvas, metal, etc. Without any preparation of the foundation. " Henry Getz wanted to get pastel, which could be made foaming for oil painting. His request to Sennelo was as follows: "Pastel is most like a picturesque technique. This tool (chalk), unlike the brush, Mastichene and the palette, is not worth between the artist and its idea. "

Two years later, in 1949, with filing two artists, Sennely invented the first professional oil pastel. She had cream consistency and juicy colors. The unusually wide palette of gray shades was designed specifically for Picasso. Later, the assortment of chalks with decorative effects - overflowing and metallized - was supplemented with fluorescent colors. Sennelo was the first to produce large in size of chalk. The most recent innovation in the size range of chalk is the pastel "Le Grande", which is produced in the same color palette as chalks of the standard size. Years later, oil pastels began to produce other firms. The first oil pastel from Caran d'Ache appeared in 1981. Holbein in the early 80s brought to the market two series of oil pastels: student quality and professional. Then Talens and Grumbacher mastered the production of oil pastels.

The composition of oil pastels contains wax. Inert oils are used as a binder, thanks to which the colorful layer does not turn yellow and acquires very good adhesion. All oil pastels do not contain acids. The base oil pastel does not solidify, preserving the flexibility of the colorful layer, and, therefore, is not susceptible to cracking. What is the difference between oil pastel, soft pastel, solid pastel, Oil Bar and Oil Sticks? All these materials are made from the same pigments that are used in the production of oil paints.

The difference in the binder and shape of chalk. Oil pastel In addition to the pigment in its composition has wax and mineral oils. Soft and solid pastels have the same composition, the difference is only in hardness. Soft pastel is mixed on pigments with a resin. Oil Sticks and Oil Bar are actually oil paints that contain pigments and flaxseed oil, coupled with drying accelerator. Oil pastel can be operated in the technique of impast. In the operation of oil pastels, traditional mediums for oil painting, such as terientin, mineral alcohols and glossy additives, and acrylic mediums are not water-based. It is possible to work with oil pastel on any basis: paper, cardboard and canvas, as well as metal and glass.

The paste of this art material can take a brush dipped in turpentine, White Spirit, linen oil or other oils and diluents. Oil pastel has a solid texture, but due to the presence of wax and oil in the composition, it never dries completely. Therefore, finished works need a buggy frame with glass. Some artists cover the completed work of acrylic varnish, then a film appears on the surface, which allows you to protect the colorful layer. The pastel painting covered with varnish can even be cleaned of dust, though very neatly soft dry cloth. Oil pastel is a material that gives artists complete freedom in the expression of feelings and guarantees the safety of their works.

The technique of work pastel has appeared for a long time. She takes its origin from the pattern with soft materials - sepia, coal, santhan, coal pencil. Beginners should not immediately take on this material. First you should learn the basics of academic drawing and painting. Valuable experience The novice artists get, working first with soft materials. When working pastel at first, it is necessary to limit the number of shallows used. For example, postpone the shallow of the main colors to work in a separate box. This allows you to achieve greater wholeness of work.

Picture of the artist Richard Savoie.

Support techniques with dry and oil pastel will be considered here.

Work technique dry pastel it seems novice not very complicated. But in fact, it requires experience and consistency in work. Pastel allows you to use a variety of work techniques. At the same time, there are no ready-made universal recipes, how to work pastels. Pastel allow big variety in the technique. Each artist, working pastel, produces its own techniques of work that correspond to its creative tasks and temperament.
Preliminary drawing to work, dry pastels should be scheduled to be lightly any small pastels that are not very different from the tone of paper, for example, gray Or coal, which is easily lined with a cloth. Coal is better to take the burned (IW branches with a diameter of 3-4 mm.).
Graphite pencil for pre-drawing unusable Due to the fact that the pastel then falls badly.
When working on light paper a good result gives a pre-tone drawing with coal, black and gray shallow. This method used the artist I. I. Levitan, who left us a legacy a lot of masterfully fulfilled pastels. The artist's work method is well visible on the unfinished work "Compressed field". During the work, try to maintain the found tonal relationships.
Then, breaking a piece from a chalk about 2-3 cm long, working on the "plastics", we apply the main tones. If the paper is chosen in the tone of the picture, then we leave it where it is necessary. After the main color and tone relationships are found, you can proceed to clarify the pattern. At this stage, the form is specified, the volume of items is being worked out. At this stage, you can apply such pastels such as pastels: bar, line, points, etc. In some places, we put the smears of the plastics. The technique depends on the tasks that are placed before the drawing, pastel allows you to use the materiality of objects well. To summarize the shape, pastel is triggered well. Rubber can be rubbed, finger. At the same time, it is worth noting that the pores of the paper are clogged in the abuse of rubbing, the subsequent pastel layers are worse.
When applying the stroke, it is good to combine additional colors. For example, we will make a green substrate, I will apply red strokes on it. In this way, you can get any shade - from the green to the red, and it will be more interesting to look more interesting than just exactly painted surface.
In the works of beginners the most common mistake - The inability to observe a tonal relationship. In addition to laying volume form, It must be remembered that each item has its own tone. To properly transmit the tonal relationship, it should be determined that the most dark, which is lighter, which is the brightest.
A feature of dry pastels is that all the crayons contain an ordinary white chalk. Because of this, dry pastel does not allow to get the shadows saturated. In the shadows you should give preference to the correct tone. I propose to use such a reception: dark areas are scratched with black, dark gray, then the color, both hatching and the method of the eraser, is then injected.
After all parts of the drawing are worked out, you should look again on the drawing as a whole. At this stage, work is working on the allocation of the main thing in the figure. Secondary, overly contrasting parts in pastels are easily softened by the eraser. What to emphasize is allocated due to the volume of the best study of the details.
When fastening pastels especially dark black and dark colors. Therefore, it is better to use coal for shadows. For drawing small parts, a soft coal pencil is good, sometimes sepia pencils, Sangina.
In dry pastels, one of the main problems is to save the pattern. Pastel fixing always leads to a change in tone. Pastel can not be fixed. But in this case, it is necessary to take care of its preservation in advance.
Firstly, perform a drawing on the surface with which the pastel will not crumble: better on sandpaper or velvet paper, or on paper with a pronounced texture, with which Pastel will not observe. You can also work on stretched canvas. Canvas is usually tensioned by rails that are clogged with a hammer. In the case of pastel, it is unacceptable. A special subframe invented by the artist lived on which the canvas stretches with special screws.
Secondly, the unfinished work is placed under the glass. At the same time, the glass should not touch the work. For this serves as a passe. The most universal passecut is suitable for most works, color passecut with an unsuccessful selection will only ruin work. It is desirable that the passenger sheet be thickening and the work did not touch the glass. The frame is better thin, a metal frame is required for large works. The glass is better to use the anti-reflective, for large works in thin frames it is better to fit the plexiglass. The plexiglass is more convenient if you need to carry the job on the exhibition. The lack of plexiglas is that it is easily scratched.
You can fix pastel hair varnish, but it gets dark from him. Universal fixatives are also not very suitable. Therefore, it is recommended to use special fixatives for dry pastels in aerosol cartridges. As a result of fixing pastels, it becomes darker, somewhat contrast, and also loses the velvetyness of the surface. Therefore, when working it is desirable to take into account the darkening of pastels. After consolidation, I recommend, if necessary, the light strokes fix a little drawing to compensate for the changes that have occurred. After that, the drawing can be fixed again, and if it is supposed to keep the drawing under glass, it is better not to fix in the 2nd time.
Fastened dry pastel still requires careful circulation. Preferably drawing to placed under the glass. If the pastel is stored in the folder, then from the front side it is necessary to shift the drawing with a thin smooth paper, and even better by trash. The loose pastel stored in the folder is unacceptable, it turns and lubricates.