Musical notation. Notes, notes, height and notes

If you want to learn how to play any tool, then you just need to learn a total diploma. Many novice musicians neglect the study of music letters, but sooner or later they understand that without it, progress will be extremely slow. But the time spent on her study will bring you a colossal benefit. You will be able to study musical works, you will be able to understand the composition of the musical work much faster. A good letter opens a lot of new interesting material in front of you, which is simply not possible to learn without knowing the letters.

So, the musical work consists of sounds. To designate sounds, special graphic signs are used - notes, as well as a tonne. They allow in a convenient view to show sequence, duration, height and other sound characteristics.

Note (lat. Nota - sign) consists of oval [3 in Fig. ] (empty inside or shaded), to which the calm and checkbox can be added to [1 in Fig. ] or checkboxes.

Components of notes

Music location on a lot. Notes can be written on lines, under lines and on lines. If necessary, the notes can be placed on additional lines on top and bottom of the note mill. For more compact entry, it is shot like this: if the note is located below the midline, then the calm is drawn at the top, and if the note is located above the midline of the metal line, then the calm is directed down and paint it from the left of the note. These rules are not mandatory for compliance, it is just recommendations. Sometimes notes are combined into groups violating this rule. Now summarizing all the above will look at the drawing below.

Linex numbering takes up: 1,2,3,4,5. If Linek is not enough, then draw additional lines from above or below. Using the example of the bottom of the 5 main lines, on top of 2 additional lines (they are only drawn directly under notes), below one additional line.

Notes on a ton

To determine the height of the sound of notes, the so-called keys are used.

Key (ITAL. Chiave, from lat. Clavis; Schlüssel; English) - Linear notation sign that defines the sound value of notes. Regarding the notopure line, which indicates the central key element, all other high-rise notes are calculated. The main types of keys adopted in the classic five-line clock notation: the "salt" key, the "Fa" key and the key "before".

In the picture from above, a treble key is used (the "salt" key), which starts from the second line, where the note is written by the "salt" of the first octave.

The treble key is the most common key. The treble key places the "salt" of the first octave on the second line of the brand. In a violin key, notes are written for violin (hence the title), guitars, lifting harmonics, most wooden wind instruments, parts of copper brass, shock tools with a certain sound height and other tools with Highly high sound. For batches of the right hand, when playing on the piano, the treble key is also used. Women's vocal parties today are also recorded in a violin key (although a special key was used in past centuries). The party of the tenor is also recorded in a violin key, but are executed on the octave below written, which is indicated by eight under the key. The "Fa" key is the second most prevalence key after a violin one. Places the "Fa" small octaves on the fourth line of a tank mill. With this key, low-sound tools are used: cello, baroon, etc. In the bass key, the left hand party is usually written for piano. Vocal music for bass and baritone is also written in a bass key.

From sounds salt first octave (in a violin veneer) and fsmall Octave (in the Bass Key) there is a report of other sounds up and down.

The higher the notes are located on the tinny mill, the higher their sound. At the piano about 80 keys and as many sounds, and the tonalline has only 5 line, so the additive rules, different keys, and several music mills use to record the notes in a music letter. Additional rules are short rules for each individual notes that are written above or under a ton. They are considered from notoppers up or down. The nearest ruler to the noth will be considered the first, the second is next for the first, etc. Spelling of calm and tailings: notes that are written to the third line, they are shifted to right upwards, and notes that are recorded on the third line and above the shelter they are written on the left and down. In the vocal two-voice work, recorded on one note mill, the first voice is written by calm upwards, and the second voice is shined down. Thus, thanks to the rules of a note record, every vocal party is very well traced.

Some notes can be written both violin and bass vein.

Notes in different keys

Duration notch

The duration of the note is not compared with any absolute durations (for example, second, etc.), it can only be represented in relation to the lengths of other notes. Consider the duration of notes in more detail.

In music, there are basic and arbitrary durations. Basic durabilitysounds: whole, half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth and so on (obtained by dividing on 2 each subsequent duration).

Before we memorize notes, we need to get acquainted with some musical terms, namely, what a musical mill (notonic), violin and bass keys, notes.

A tight mill (or notonic) is a set of horizontal strips (lines), on which notes are located. Basic strips 5, but there may be remote lines that can be placed on top and bottom of the main strips. Notes are located both on the rules and between them.

Notes only 7: up, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si.
You can .

All notes are always repeated, but at different heights, forming octaves.

Moton mill with notes for children

Keyboard piano with notes for children

For convenience of perception, we applied special stickers on the keyboard keys. In this example, 3 octaves are displayed - this is enough to start acquaintance and play their first works. Instructions and stickers themselves can be taken from this article.

A bit of theory

At the beginning of the music bands always positions the key is a special character that defines the high-altitude value of all lines. Highlight two keys: violin and bass. Why do you need two keys? The piano play, as a rule, in two hands, while the right hand plays in a violin vein, and the left is in the bass. Displays notonic at the same time together.

Write the notes in any key. However, to record high notes in the bass will be extremely uncomfortable, how many need a large number of additional lines. In essence, the tight line of the bass key is the continuation of the very low notes of the violin key.

Not a peculiar language that understands all the musicians. Those who decided to try themselves in music, you need to get acquainted with this language. Everything is not so difficult as it may seem.

Each musical sound is determined by four physical properties:

1. height
2. duration
3. volume
4. temmbra (color)

With the help of music record, the musician receives information about all these properties of the sounds that it is going to sing or play a musical instrument.

Sound height (sounding)

All musical sounds are built into a single system - scale. This is a series in which all sounds go on each other in order, from the lowest to the highest sounds or vice versa, from high to low. The scatter is divided into parts - octaves that contain a set of notes: to, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si.

If you contact the piano keyboard, then in the center of the keyboard, usually opposite the name, is the first octave. The right is the right of the first octave, above, there is a second octave, then the third, fourth and fifth (consisting of only one note "before"). Below, the left of the first octave, is a small octave, a large octave, counter-tape and subcontrocutava (consisting of white keys and si).

Depicted in the form of empty or painted (shaped) ovals - heads. To the heads on the right or on the left can be drawn, vertical sticks and tails (tails are called flags).

If the calm at the notic is directed up, then it is written on the right side, and if down - with the left. When writing notes, the rule applies: up to the 3rd line, the notes should be directed upwards, and starting from the 3rd line - down.

For recording and reading notes is used night mill (notonic). A tight mill is five parallel lines (lines) to record notes numbered from the bottom up. Sheet notes are recorded on a notch mill: on the rules, under the rules or over the rules. If the note is not enough for records of the basic 5 lines, then additional rules are introduced, which are added from above or from the bottom of the tank mill. The higher the note sounds, the higher it is located on the rules. However, if a musical key is not delivered to a music key, the position of the notes on a tight mill indicates the height of the sound only approximately: higher or lower.

Musical key - This is the point of reference, which indicates the position of the note with a specific determined height. The key is made necessarily at the beginning of any notonic. If there is a key, then knowing where one note is written, you can easily determine the position and other notes. The note record is more compact, and the notes are convenient to read when most notes are on the main lines of the note mill, without additional lines on top and bottom, so there are many musical keys in music. Despite the fact that the cumulative range of the sound of various votes and musical instruments is about 8 octave, the range of separately taken voices or musical instrument is usually much already much already as reflected in the names of music keys: sopranne - for the sopran register, altovoy - for alto, tenor - For a tenor, bass - for bass (abbreviated SatB).

Musical keys can be divided into 3 groups:

Key "Salt"- indicates the location of the "salt" sheet of the first octave. This key occurred from the Latin letter G, denoting a note "salt". The keys "salt" include the violin and old-franc keys, they look like this.

Key "Fa"- Indicates the location of the "Fa" note of small octaves. There was a key from the letter of Latin F (two points are two crossbars of the letter F). These include bass key, bassoprophone and bariton keys. They look like this.

Key "To" - indicates the location of the note "to" the first octave. It happened from the Latin letter C, which denotes the note "to". Such keys include the sopranne (it is also a distant) key, mezzo-sopranne, altipe and baritone keys (the bariton key can be designated not only by the key of the group "Fa", but also the key of the group "to"). The keys "before" look like

The following figure shows various musical keys

Source - https://commons.wikimedia.org, author - Structure

There are also neutral keys for batches of drums and guitar parties (so-called tabulature).

Notes designed to perform a group of musicians are often combined into scores in which a separate line is given for each tool, voice or batch, separate notonic. All scores are combined first with a solid vertical initial feature, and the notopians of several parties or tool groups are combined with a special bracket - accolada.

The accolad is in the form of a curly or square (straight) brackets. Figured accolad is combined by buses that perform one musician (for example, two lines of piano, organ, etc.), and the square accolad is combined by lines of parties of different musicians, which constitute a single group (for example, music for the ensemble of string tools or choir).

The end of the score or some part is denoted in the notes of a double vertical feature. If, besides the double line, there are also two points between the sheets of notonic ( signs reprises), this suggests that all the work or some section need to repeat.

In notes can meet dotted lines with eight (migration signs for octave). They mean that everything that is in the line data zone needs to play octave above or lower. These octave signs are needed to simplify the reading of very high / low notes, for which there are many additional lines.

The main musical steps include 7 sounds: to, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si. On the piano, to find these musical stages, you need to focus on the black keys, which are located in two or three groups, two or three. Under any such group, on the left, there is a note "before" and then there are other notes.

There are also derivatives steps (Changed Basic), which are obtained by increasing or lowering the sound of the main stage to halftone. Halftone is the distance between two any neighboring sounds (keys) on the piano keyboard. A cup of all it will be the black key on the right or on the left. Changed steps are two species:

• Dieza is an increase in halftone.
• Bemole - lowering on halftone.

The change in the main steps is called alteration. Alteration Signs Total Five: Dieza, Bemole, Double Diez, Double Flat and Becar.

Double diges increases the sound of two halftone (that is, the whole tone), the double-bembol lowers the sound for two halftone (i.e., for a whole tone), and Becar cancels any of the listed signs (the "net" note is played without increasing or lowering).

In notes there may be two types of alteration:

1. Random signs - the alteration sign is written immediately before the note that you want to change and acts only in this place or tact.
2. Key signs - Dieza and Bemoli, who are written at the beginning of each line near the key and act every time this sound is found, in any octave and throughout the work.

Key signs are set strictly in a certain order:

The order of digesters - Fa to salt re

Order of the Bemoley - Si Mi la Sol to Fa

Duration

The duration of the notes is related to the rhythm area and musicaltime. Musical time is special, it proceeds with uniform lobes and comparable, rather, with heartbeat. Usually one such share is associated from the quarter by the duration of nototh. In notes can meet at least two types of musical durations: even and odd, and not only notes have durations, but also pause (silence signs).

1. Even musical duration - They are formed from dividing larger duration to the number 2 or 2 N (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc.). As a basis for division, a whole note is taken, which usually calculates when the game is calculated (mentally or loud to 4-x) for 4 shares. The same "tailed" eighth or sixteenth notes are often combined into a group of one edge.

The following figure shows notes, the name of their durations, and to the right pause of the same sizes.

1. Odd musical duration It is formed from crushing duration not two equal halves, but for three or any other amount of fractions, up to 18-19 more shares. So, for example, triols (when dividing by three shares) or quintoli (with division by five shares) are formed.

There are three ways to extend notes and pauses:

Dotted rhythm (note with a point) is a rhythm with points. The points are put on the right of the icon of notes or pause and extend the sound exactly half the duration of the note or pause. So, for half notes with a point, the duration will not be two, but three fractions, etc. It may also be a note with two points: the first point lengthens its duration of half, and the second point is another 1/4 part, i.e. Such a note is lengthened by 3/4 parts of its duration.

- The icon that asks to delay the dedicated note or pause is so much that it is felt the necessary performer. Most musicians tend to believe that the farm also lengthens the note by half (you can take it for the rule). Farmat, unlike rhythm, does not engage time tact, this is an additional bonus that slows down the usual movement.

Unifying league - Binds two or more notes that are at one height and follow each other. Notes under the league are not repeated, but are combined into one duration. By the way, pauses are not combined by leagues.

Musical time is very well organized, larger units are involved in its organization, in addition to shares - tacts. Tact - This is a segment from one strong share until the next, it contains a precisely specified number of shares. Tracles are highlighted visually by separating one and different vertical clock feature.

The number of fractions in the tact and the duration of each of them is reflected by the numerical size, which is specified immediately after the key characters at the beginning of the work. The size is expressed with two numbers located one above the other, as if in the form of a fraction.

Size 4/4 (four quarters) means that in the tact four shares, each of the length of duration is equal to the fourth note. It must be remembered that these fourth lobes can be crossed on the eighth or sixteenth or combine in half notes or a whole note. Size 3/8 (three eighth) means that the three eighth notes can also be fitted, which can be divided into sixteenth or combine into larger. For beginners, the notion grades usually operates with simple sizes 2/4, 3/4, etc.

The movement of shares can be rapid or slow. The speed of movement of the share (performance of the work) is called temp Works. The pace is most often indicated by Italian Word and put under the size of the notes. Also next to the pace may be indicated by the metronome: the fourth duration \u003d numeric value. This means that the pace of this work is the "numerical value" of shocks (fractions) per minute. The metronome is a pendulum with a cargo and scale, it shows the exact number of shocks per minute and looks like this.

The pace can be as follows:

• Slow
  • Grave is hard, important, very slow
  • Largo - Wide, very slow
  • Adagio - slowly, calm
  • Lento - Slowly, quiet
• Moderate
  • Andante - calmly, step paced
  • Moderato - moderately
• Fast
  • Allegro - Soon, fun
  • Vivo - Viva
  • Vivace - Val.
  • Presto - Quick

Volume

Volume is one of the most important properties of musical sound. The volume is indicated in the notes in the intervals between the notopians with the following words or icons in Italian:

The gradual volume change is indicated as follows:

• crescendo - Krefesedo - gradual increase in volume
• diminuendo - Diminuendo - gradual downturn

Sometimes instead of the words of Kressendo and Diminuendo in notes put "forks", meaning that you need to gradually enhance or loosen the volume.

Expanding fork means Kreferedo, and a suspended - Diminuendo.

Timbre

The timbre is a coloring of sound. The timbre is distinguished by the sounds of the same height and volume performed on different tools, different voices or on one tool, but in different ways. With the help of the challenge, you can select one or another component of the musical integer, strengthen or relax contrasts.

In notes, there are usually various guidelines for the timbre of sounds: the name of the tool or voice for which this product is intended, turning on and off the pedals on the piano, receptions of the recovery of the sound (flags on the violin).

If a vertical wavy feature is present in the note record, it means that the sounds of the chord need to play not at the same time, but arpeggiato, as it were, brute force, as it would sound on the harp or on the hobs.

Under the bass notone, a beautiful inscription Ped can occur. And the asterisk - they mean the moment the pedal is turned on and off on the piano.

In addition to these technical elements, many composer, verbal, instructions of the performance character, for example, may be found in the notes.

• APPASSIONATO - Passionate
• Cantabile - singera
• Dolce - gentle
• Lacrimoso - Tears
• Mesto - sad
• Risoluto - decisive
• SECCO - dry
• SEMPLICE - simple
• Tranquillo - calm
• SOTTO VOCE - in Polgolos

Another of the important elements in the music text are strokes. Hatch - This is an indication of a specific way to recover, the method of articulation, which greatly affects the overall nature of the performance of the work. Strokes There are many, they differ in violinists and pianists. Three universal strokes:

• non Legato - incoherent execution
• legato - smooth, connected game
• staccato - Ripple, Short Execution

Asked himself a question, but how to write, and then print notes on the computer? Of course, I do not know a musician and in a note record, so my research has been brought only to the practical part, namely, not to professional paid programs, but to affordable and, I hope, understandable for most beginners or students. There are three ways to make music records: Print a notebook and in the traditions of old masters to do this by hand, repeating beautiful bends of treble keys; use the program installed on a computer with extensive functionality; Turn the keystrokes to the note - the extension for the Google Chrome browser. About these methods and let's talk separately.

Excellent service of all kinds of templates that are available for download, GeneratedPaper.com I am already. So here there is a wonderful section for musicians, there is just a music notebook, but the blanks for writing chords download in PDF format and print.

METHOD SECOND PROGRAM MUSESCORE

A popular program with a rich functionality of working with a music lot, there is also support for MIDI files. You can immediately listen to the result. Instructions for working with the program and the entire functionality is described on this page, unfortunately, not all instructions are translated into Russian, but I think the built-in translator will help you to correct the missing text. And several video lessons will clearly show the work of the program.

Method Third Google Chrome

When almost all tasks moved to the clouds, and the browser becomes the main tool, and, in my opinion, Google Chrome is the best representative. In a rich selection of applications there was a place for musicians who can create compositions, recording works in notes without resorting to the help of programs. Flat, the beauty of the appliance design of the application and its capabilities can compete with professional programs and, honestly, I was just delighted. Everything is absolutely clear, despite the fact that there is no Russian language, unfortunately. Installation in one click, registration through Google or Facebook account, and you have a world of creativity and musicians community around the world. You can share music or listen to the works of other authors. You can use the application, or just add a site to bookmarks.

As a result, the best in my opinion is the last Flatespecially his last transformation, which made it still stiven and more convenient, and paid, although not quite cheaper makes this wonderful service and at all for professionals.

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A rated sheet into a ruler

Download list to line A4 format

The height of the ruler is 8 mm. If you need to set another line size, it is enough to change the height of the cell to the properties of the table. We are talking about Doc file for Microsoft Office. As you already understood, the ruler on the sheet was obtained using a table in which a fixed cell height is set, and the left and right boundaries were hidden.

Sheet in a cell

Download Leaf Template in A4 Cage Format

The discharged sheet into the cell may be needed in different cases:

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A4 tight sheet with a violin key and without

Download pure note sheet	Notes and treble

Clean music sheets can always be bought, but you can print yourself. These templates you can download free, are great for this purpose.

Millimeter A4.

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