How to make cartoons. What is animation? Creating cartoons
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We all grew up on old good soviet cartoons. But, seeing inside the screen, the pounding or other loved heroes, no one thought about how much power is to create one minute cartoon. What is animation? Where did her story start? Puppet and hand drawn animation - which one is older? You will find answers to these questions in this article.
If you come, prepare reading to report yourself and calmly take a walk to see and feel the atmosphere of this millennium. A very important and integral part of Rome is the famous Navona Piazza Navona. There you may notice that one of the four statues of the fountain of four rivers facing the Church of St. Agnesen Agone, closing her eyes with his hand in the elbow, so as not to look at the church, but. To prevent his fall, this is explained by the legend of rivalry between Bernini and Borrison Square is to collect all artists. - artists, musicians, actors and sellers of useful and useless souvenirs and all sorts of either, except that you can eat well for dessert to buy ice cream, you can in twenty minutes, for 10 euros to make an excellent cartoon or just stop listening to some street musicians.
What is animation?
An animation is called a set of technical techniques, which is based on the creation of moving images, and rather the illusions of their movement, as it is used for this a lot of fixed pictures and scenes. That is, in essence, this is the shooting of pictures or dolls depicting certain moments of movement. Animation appeared much earlier than Lumiere brothers invented cinema. Modern animation is increasingly called the term "animation", from English "revival". Animation, animation - are the concepts close, but not identical. Their relationship can be described as follows. Animation is the creation of an animation when framework of drawings, scenes, paper structures is carried out, etc.
The crowd is incredible almost at any time of the year, especially in Christmas, when there is a bazaar on the square. When you enter, you will definitely ask yourself if the water will fall through the hole in the dome when it rains? In fact, this is a very common question, and the answer is: the structure of the dome and eyes is such that when it creates rain, the so-called "fire effect". This is an upstream air flow, which, even when heavy rain, creates the feeling that it does not wait, but actually drips. In addition, the probes embedded in the floor do not allow to form pants inside the pantheon.
Cartoon invention
What is animation? Part of the childhood of many guys. But why did she start?
In 1877, the self-taught engineer Emil Reino constructed Prasinoscope - a mechanical toy with a mirror rotating drum and a ribbon on which pictures were applied. Hand drawn animation took its beginning with this invention. Later Reino improved its unit: now hand drawn pantomimes, which were painted manually, lasted from 7 to 15 minutes, although it is impossible not to admit that this image to synchronize the image and sound was primitive, but not for those times
Spy on the dome of the Basilica of St. Peter from the Garden Garden or go through Nikolo Pliconini, please note that due to the optical effect of the dome, about which this is speechIt gets less and less, and your distance is becoming more and more. Put your hand in the "mouth of truth", which is located in the portica of the church of Santa Mariana Cosmedin. It's good until you put your hand, and not for a lie, because it is believed that if someone pursing his hand, it will be closed. While he did not close, so I put the world.
Go to the Milvio Bridge, one of the most charming and romantic sights of Rome. The bridge is closed with thousands of locks. There lovers clinging for eternal love, Lock your castle and throw the key to the sluggish river Tiber under the legs. Take a picnic and ride on a boat on Lake Villa Borghese.
Moving pictures
An animation technology looks like this: on each next frame, the figure of the hero is represented in a slightly different phase of movement. Separately taken pictures are photographed and projected on the screen. Translation speed - 24 frames per second.
The first events of this project were held on April 29 of this year in high School Dubing and gymnasium hydraulicia Antanas Yaroshevyusus. Students from 6-12 classes took part in the events. It is symbolic that these lively cinematic events occurred on the eve of the Mother's Day.
Animated film project "Distribution of animation cinema in the regions of Lithuania: women's theme in Lithuanian animation "is a cultural and educational event for ethical and aesthetic education Students. This project contributes to respect for women, encourages students to the interests of Lithuanian folklore, folklore, ethnoculture, introduces Stasius Krasaususkas, one of the outstanding Lithuanian artists, with its famous cycle of graphic prints "Birth of a woman." The project is also important in terms of preserving cultural identity.
What is animation? This is a creative work, the creation of which is a lot of time and labor of hundreds of people. Producers determine total banner Ribbons, scripts work on the plot and write a script, which will then break into scenes and episodes illustrated by the series of sketches. After all this falls on the table by the director-multiplier, distributing the scene between multiplier artists: each of them draws a certain position of the characters in the episode. Intermediate scenes will be drawn by younger multipliers. The rest of the artists are engaged in creating a background where the action unfolds.
It is also important from the point of view of cooperation and partnership with regional schools: the transmitted project of spreading animated films, as an opportunity to make cultural products more accessible to schoolchildren of small cities and for the community.
The theme of the woman in the animated films of Aurik and Algirdas Selena. The cartoons were presented at this CD: "Vilnius Virgin", "Nearing", "Zhemiachy Limothup", "Queen of Orlina Grass", "Song", "Yurate and Castitis". In addition, the distribution of animated films was carried out in collaboration with the "sound", "Ramube" cinemas, Cultural house Kedainay, Culture centers Seine and Białystok, as well as Czech cultural and educational institutions. During educational events The documentary and educational film "Animation Film Lessons" was created.
Then contour drawings need to paint. They are transferred to transparent plastic, they dreamed in mascara and paint. After that, the operator takes pictures with a special chamber. Final stage - Synchronization of the image and sound.
There are other cartoon techniques.
Puppet animation
Russia is home to doll, or volumetric, animation. With the development of this type of cartoons appeared new technique Creation of films. Nevertheless, the process of creating a tape remained no less labor-intensive.
Film director and operator Algirdas Selenis. During the festival, which focuses on the works of the Scandinavian and Baltic regions, meetings will be held with cinematographers and professionals of the gaming industry, which will present exciting works at a special game exhibition. On Saturday, the festival will feature an animated films of the Oscar "Red Turtle" and "My, Zucchini, Life". Sunday afternoon for families to hold a seminar-discussion with a psychologist about the benefits of animation for children.
Animation is fascinating by unlimited possibilities of visual expression. Cinema is called artificial synthesis, but the animation may contain more more species art than art films or documentaries. In Lithuania, we have a number of original film animation directors, whose works are interesting and appreciated by the international audience. In Lithuania, the dog has no large animation studios, so they are mainly produced short movies. If we look at the statistics of the last 5-10 years, the film, then the three-dimensional collection of films that we have most of us will definitely find animation films.
The first stage of creating a cartoon - writing the script and thinking of images of heroes. According to the sketches of characters, dolls are sewn, their costumes and shoes, which will correspond to the image of each of the heroes. This is the most time-consuming stage of work, as each doll must be mobile.
True, this trend is characteristic of family cartoons. Animation for adults is not so popular, as it is still believed that animation for children, - said the spokesman for the Lithuanian Animation Association of Agne Aden. This is the first program for female animation in Lithuania, which we plan to continue in the future. Documentary, copyright works famous schools Animations will concern the questions of loneliness, friendship, violence or with humor to tell how to raise their deceased husband, "said Laura Almantaite, director of the festival.
Comedy evening gives sarcasm, humorian programInspired by humor. The most famous animation films last year from the largest festival Fredrikstad animations in the northern region and winning films - the disappearance of Danderes and Edgis Teiblo - for young spectators. This program will be represented by guests from Sweden and Norway - producer Johan Edstrom and director Christian Pedersen.
The second stage - shooting the phases of the movement of dolls corresponding to the scenario. One episode can be filmed for several days, and maybe several months. A full-length doll cartoon can be filmed for 3 years and even longer. But mostly surround animation has a duration of 5-15 minutes, but even spends on it for several months.
Introducing the strongest game developers. On Friday and Saturday at the festival you can experiment with bright, creative gameswho do not deteriorate in serious social and historical topics, as well as to participate in the creation of the most powerful video games in Lithuania and others european countriesconsidered in this area in the Baltic region.
Games and animations have always been particularly close. In the end, the animation revives the whole world, and here we are talking not only about your favorite game characters, but also about all the elements of the game world: from the movement of the mouse cursor or fantastic fireworks to sweets, to dense dance movements or windy petals - everything needs to be revived, To be alive, Arthur Rumansov, coordinator of the Festival Video Game Program Coordinator.
Why is this happening? For example, according to the cartoon scenario, the hero runs along the forest path. To remove this scene, the character's doll is placed on the background of a moving scenery, which depict trees, sun, clouds, sky, birds. Creating an effect of a running character, the multiplier manually moves the legs and hands of the hero, turns his head. Thus, every phase of the character of the character is gradually removed on the film. Along with the body, the phases of the movement of clothing and hair are removed. So, during one day of shooting a cartoon, when all photos are combined into one video, the creators of the tape remove just a couple of seconds of screen.
True, at the dawn of the epoch computer games, classical cinema or animation art and the gaming industry would seem that there are two contradictory world, but today the situation is completely different. This is due to many factors: from growing computer animation and special effects to the most bizarre experiments to expand the experience of the viewer or player.
This is a story about a person who trembles from the Soviet oppression, aspirations for freedom and determination. Interestingly, this game refers to the genre of puzzles, and the story is accompanied by words, but symbols, audiovisual solutions, the game and emotions that it comes. Players will not fall into the dark and lethargic atmosphere of yoke, but the moral dilemma will decide. After leaving the work on which they were imprisoned, the players will learn to overcome the system and imitate people who in the world.
When computer technologies came into cartoons, puppet cartoons began to be removed much faster.
Electronic Multiplication - Animation
Electronic animation, or animation, is created using a computer: Prepared graphic files are presented in the form of a slideshow. Flash animation is not less popular when a cartoon is created using special Program Macromedia Flash. It is easy to use and configure, which causes its popularity.
The trouble is that these people are already determined by the system, so if we use them in order to be loyal, we will not be able to reconcile with the regime from which we will break? An exclusive guest - the creator of the "birds of violets". It was always interesting for me to mix the details and mix such things as drawing, a letter, movie, music, acting, and how it all works in the field of technology. Animation was in conjunction with all these things with a genre that meets my interests. Of course, I like all other things in the animation: generation of ideas, screening.
Illustrations for text - Working material of the new animated film "Mystery of the Desert" StudioTouchFX . The project has not yet announced anywhere, so that the shots are exclusive.
About cartoon
An animation (expressing very roughly) is the creation of a visual series of alternating images (for example, 24 frames per second). Depending on how the image is obtained, the animation can be hand drawn (the frame is drawn by hand), puppet (frame with dolls is photographed), computer (the image is generated using computer graphics).
Two different, but many common types of art: cinema and photographs. Two different artists: One of them is a famous film director recorded in the history of the cinema as a pioneer of cartoon animation, the author of many of his films, artist, operator, and even actor Vladislav Rashevich. Next - Young photographer Lucas Jonaithis. Both creators are interested in entomology. OldEVICYUS was also fascinated by nature, watched insects, collected them, and when at the beginning of his creative travel He was interested in photography, he created realistic models.
Visual development and cochet-art
Computer cartoon, in turn, can be raster, vector, three-dimensional (depends on the selected software and method of operation). We will talk about three-dimensional computer animation - that is, it is about creating animated films using three-dimensional computer graphics programs. And immediately define with the concepts. An animation will be called the process of creating a film, and the animation process is "bringing in motion" characters and film objects. But about it is slightly lower.
About the photo and why artists admire the world of insects, we are talking to photographer Lucas Yonaytis. In one of the interviews, you said you like to be in nature, watching this since childhood. It would be interesting to know what caused interest in macro shot in particular?
First of all, it was an interest in environment. They are really extraordinary, with their size and size, and Zvimbia is powerful. When, where did your first macro shot work? Maybe you remember that it was in it a small creator? Movie Eleevich Entomologian: "Flame Life", "Scarabs". They have natural insect life scenes. OldEVICYUS: They are known in the field of science as the first beetles that became the subject of entomological studies.
How starts the cartoon? With ideas. Producer puts the task to develop preliminary materials on the topic of the future film. The screenwriter begins to work on history. Artist and art director over a visual decision.
The finished package comes to a supervisor (Technical Director). Supervisor with a good smile viewing offers on the project and calmly explains that technical and human resources Studios are limited. Therefore, in the film there can be no supermonegepic battle scene with the participation of two thousand characters. It is better to do with a fight between the main hero and the antagonist. Forty seven unique locations are also a bit too much. Three will be quite enough. When screams and swearing between romantics and pragmatists subsided, begins new stage Cartoon creation is the process of searching for consensus between producer, supervisor, director and art department.
They considered the ancient Egyptian wizards with connections with heavenly bodiesThey considered it success, the symbol of happiness and the work of sculptures. Are insects always photograph in their natural environment? Perhaps you had to organize a photograph for any insect and move it to someone else's environment?
Basically photographed in nature, partially in vivo. Because, finding an insect, say hanging on the corner, it will be cut off with caution and falls on the corresponding background for me, because the usual background is often too rude, dark and distracting.
From the model to render
Animation film is the result of adaptation of existing technology and resources (including financial). Classical two-dimensional hand drawn animation is no exception. There also had trouble finding ways to implement ideas. Remember the cartoon "101 Dalmatian" studio "Disney"? It became the result of using a new black and white photocopying technology for studio. Narromantically, but very effective. The same story with three-dimensional animation. At one time, the pictures generated by the computer were considered exclusively as entertainment for Gicks. But John Lasser (the current head "Pixar") saw the potential in this technology to implement his creative ideas. Thanks to the synthesis of principles classical animation and newest technologies The first full-length computer animated film - "History of toys". The selection of the plot is also not the case of the technology of that time well coped with the creation of organic characters - people and animals. But to make a plastic toy could be easily. Yes, it was easier to animate it than a person. Then there were the "adventures of the flick" - about insects (visually the same plastic). And only the development of production facilities and the increase in budgets allowed to begin large-scale use in animal cartoons and people.
Let's go back to our studio. After numerous rounds of negotiations, discussions, discussions, disputes and quarrels, the concept of a future film is approved. Stage "Pre-grashen" begins. The script is written, the visual development of the film begins.
3D models and locations
Presized and production
The main feature of computer animation is all that is in the frame, should really exist in a three-dimensional version. So it should be invented and created. Animation studio looks like a conveyor. The first person is the artist. He draws characters, surroundings, interior items, plants.
When there is a ready-made concept art and sketches begins direct production. In three-dimensional animation, the drawings themselves are not used. They are a kind of "drawing" or "scheme", on the basis of which three-dimensional models will be created and visualized.
Three-dimensional modeling is the construction of objects from points, lines and polygons (polygons). It sounds tedious, in practice it looks even discount, but the result is already happy.
The three-dimensional model moves further on the "conveyor". Technical development department, if necessary, adds models necessary attributes. For a character, a virtual "exoskeleton" (RIG) is created, which allows you to animate it, facial expressions are being developed, the hair cover is created and much more.
In order for the model in the frame does not look like a gray cluster of the polygons, it must be raised and carrying out shading. In fact, it is coloring the model and giving it the properties of the light efficiency. Any object you visible is the result of light reflected from it. Depending on the properties of the object, the light is reflected in different ways. In three-dimensional graphics the same. Depending on the reflection settings of the virtual light source, the model of the ball can be glass, stone, iron. The harder the material, the more difficult it is to get the desired effect. For example, human flesh partially absorbs the light falling on it, refracts and dispels it under the skin. All these indicators need to competently configure to get a picture pleasant to the eye (remember that it was written about plastic characters?).
Related character
Raskadrovka
Character and environment model are ready. It is time to "revive" them. Here you need to take a step back. While the three-dimensional world was created, the screenwriter complained the scenario, and the artist-roster, together with the director, was produced by film. Stripping is a kind of comic, a drawn prototype of the future film. The sequence of actions in the film, the main plans is determined, some situational humor is invented. Each of us can interpreting a read scenario in different ways. For someone, "fruits on the table" are apples and bananas, and for someone - Kiwi and apricots. The challenge of the storyboard is to make everyone see the film through the director's eyes. The finished "comic" is superimposed on the sound and the similarity of the black installation of the future cartoon is created - Animatik.
"STORABORD"
Animation
There is a linguistic hell. Based on animation Animators animated characters.
Animation is a literal "animation", from the Latin "Anima" - the soul.
How is the animation? Imagine puppet B. puppet Theater. Here just also, only "inside" computer Program. Animator changes the position of controllers on the character's exoskelet in such a way as to get the movement you need. The occupation is very painstaking. On the day you can make a few seconds of good animation.
To force this process, the Motion Capture motion capture technology is applied in animation (ICAM). If short, then the scholars in the cartoon is the same thing you know, heard and saw about the "avatar" and the goal from the "Lord of the Rings." Technology is used the same. The actor dresses a special suit with reflected markers, each of which is responsible for the controller on a three-dimensional character. Moves man, the cartoon hero is moving.
Mokap and animation
And again the conveyor. Virtual lights, virtual cameras, virtual special effects are added to the three-dimensional scene with objects, environment and expanded characters. The whole thing goes to the render - that is, on visualization.
Likbez by render
From the lessons of physics at school, you remember that vision is the process of perception of reflected light. In a three-dimensional scene the same. The objective "beam" falls on the object from the virtual light source (let's say light bulbs). The beam is reflected from the object (taking into account the shading settings), it falls to another object, it is repeatedly reflected and falls into the "eye" (virtual camera lens). The amount and method of reflections depends on the complexity of the scene, intensity and the source of illumination of many other factors. Rendering is called the process of miscalculation and visualize the outcome of this light-performance. The physically the parameters of the light sources, the number of rays trace and the methods of their reading when hitting the "eye" are given, the more physically correct and photorealistic image will be the final image. Rendering is technologically one of the most difficult operations of three-dimensional graphics. For understanding - the render of one frame, depending on the complexity and the task, it can take from several minutes to several hours. Second animation is 25 frames. 25 hours of car time processor. On average, the project rendering is given for about more than three months.
Related character
Walt Disney Animation Studio Thanks to its own technical work and programs, it was able to achieve the performance of its computing capacities in 1.1 million render-hours per day. For comparison, with such technologies, the Ralph or Cold Heart cartoons would be rendered in 10 days (the cumulative need for each project was about 11 million rendre-hours).
Renderful video sequence is further mounted, special effects are added, color correction is performed. If necessary, the image is stereepy to the film be available in 3D viewing format. By the way, to get a stereo picture, it is necessary to delay each frame twice - with the calculation of the displacement for the right and left eye.
The mounted and treated video series is synchronized with sound (voice acting and intercums). All, cartoon ready. Happy viewing.
PS. Every stage I will tell in more detail in more detail, yes. But a little later. Thanks for attention.
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