Danish literature

Hans Christian Andersen

Biography

Andersen, Hans Christian (1805-1875), Danish storyteller, author of more than 400 fairy tales, poet, writer, playwright, essayist, author of memoir essays Tale of my life (Mit Livs Eventir).

Mother was a laundry. She dreamed her son to become a lucky tailor, and taught him to sew, draw and darken. Father was considered an unbelievable shoemaker and a carpenter. He liked the masters of children's toys "From what will be touched", enthusiastically to peel songs, read the son of a fairy tale from a thousand and one night and play with him the scenes from the comedies of the Danish playwright of Golberg. Forever struck the imagination of Andersen and his crazy, friendly grandfather, a big craftsman cut from the tree figurine of unknown winged animals and people with bird heads.

His grandmother on the motherboard worked in the hospital for mentally ill, where a little Andersen spent a long clock and listened to the stories of the hospital inhabitants. At the end of life, he wrote: "I was made by the writer of the song of the father and speech insane."

Not having time to record the Son in the city school, the parents gave him to study for the widow of the glove, but after the first sprawle he took his letter and proudly left.

Thanks to the spectral Abellino - a terrible gangster, who showed Copenhagen Troupe in Odense, Andersen loved the theater. Three months with the help of a father who made him a special box for her presentation, he invented his first play, cutting out the puppet artists from the Chumbachkov, sewed costumes from Loskutkov, learned to led on the ropes of his characters.

He never graduated from elementary school, and read and write only to ten years. At eleven years, he received a gift - that Pieces of Shakespeare and began playing the scenes from Macbeth.

After the death of his father, the family barely reduced the ends with the ends, and the twelve-year-old Andersen was given to the apprentices, first on the cloth factory, then to the tobacco. Soon a troupe came from Copenhagen in Odense, which the statists urgently needed urgently, and Andersen received a wagon role of Kucher, causing that the theater was a vocation. In 1819, the Fourteen-year-old Andersen, earning some money and bought the first boots in life, went to conquer Copenhagen.

Thanks to the help of patrons, he visited a ballet school, received free Latin lessons, German and Danish languages, began to seriously for the study of world drama and poetry. And constantly composed, living in the corners and injigned. The dreams of the theater career came the end after the sentence of the actor Lindgren: "You have a lot of feelings, but the actor of you will never succeed."

Overcoming despair, began the tragedy of robbers in Wissenberg. The first act published the ARPA newspaper, and for the first time he received a literary fee. Inspired by luck, took the tragedy alfsol.

By this time, the Copenhagen celebrities begin to lead him, including the physicist Ersted, the director of theater Y. Collin, Poet Raabek, the famous playwright Elensleger. Thanks to the efforts of Y. Colliel received the royal scholarship and in 1822 went to Slagels, where he was enrolled in the second class of Latin gymnasium, where he had no relation to her rector. He writes a lot, and his poem evening and dying child are honored with high evaluation of criticism. In 1828 he entered the University of Copenhagen, where among beginners university poets was unanimously recognized as the first, at the end of the training passed two exams on the title of philosophy.

In 1829, the first romantic prose of Andersen was published - the journey on foot from Holmen-Canal to East Cape Amaager Islands, where the author paroded himself in the form of a "skinny cat in a raincoat over the night shirt." The Danish Danish Troyville, Essurage Geiberg, later called the book with a musical fantasy. The acting start, who helps Andersen mentally reincarnate in his characters, brought long-awaited fruits. His water wake love in the Nicholas Tower (1829) had a noisy success. In 1831, he went on the first journey in Germany, the total of which is the essay-reflection of shadow paintings (1831) and the collection of fantasy poems and sketches. For two years, 4 collection of poems came out. In 1833 he gave the king Frederick cycle of poems about Denmark and received a small manual for traveling in Europe. It began his "era of wanderings." In Paris, he met Heinrich Heine, in Rome - with the famous sculptor Torvaldsen, and here began to write his first novel improvisator.

After Rome went to Florence, Naples, Venice, wrote an essay about Michelangelo and Raphael. In England, friendship with Charles Dickens is tied. In France, I got close to Viktor Hugo, met O. De Balzac and Alexander Duma. Andersen's poems wrote Romances Schuman and Mendelssohn.

Andersen to carry out every idea for a long time, but wrote relatively quickly, but I rewrote and rewrote and ruled, tormented by cruel doubts. And the Danish criticism accused him of negligence and imitation, literary slurry and the poorness of the plots. At the same time, he lived very poorly, since the income was brought only small literary earnings.

In addition to poetic writings, travel notes and philosophical essays, it creates the novels the improviser (1835), which brought him European fame, just a violinist (1837), to be or not to be (1857). The recognition was received by his comedy firstborn and acutely social mulatto mulatto. (1840). Long and happy fate fell to the share of play fairy tales more than pearls and zlata, elderly mother, Ole Luka.

The worldwide glory and love of readers brought Andersen his fairy tales. In May and December 1835 there were two first issues of fairy tales told for children. The third fabulous collection was published in April 1837. (Everi, Fortalte for Born, BN. 1-3, 1835-1837). The collections included a well-known Russian Fairy Tale Fairy Tale, the princess on the pea, mermaid, and others. From this time, the collections were regularly published, which were just fairy tales. The flourishing of creativity falls on W. floor. 1830-1840, when the famous Tales of the Snow Queen were written, a resistant tin soldier, a nasty duckling, a girl with matches, shadow, mother, nightingale and others. Perceived and rated they were far from immediately, the author criticized for mistakes in spelling and innovation In style, for the fact that his fairy tales allegedly lightweight for adults and are not sufficiently asked for a children's audience. But the physicist Ersted immediately after the release of the first release of fairy tales, the prophetically noticed: "You will see the" improviser "to glorify you, and fairy tales will make your name immortal." L. N. Tolstoy, after reading the fairy tale five of one pod, said it like this: "What a mischievous and wise fairy tale. One such is enough to stay in the history of literature. " One of the paradox fairy tales Andersen is that even the most sad and tragic of them have an amazing property to give hope and treat the soul. The personnel of selfless love has become for millions of people Andersen Mermaid, a symbol of Copenhagen, where a monument is set. A new dress of the king, ridicuing the holway-slave psychology of loyal, generating the cult of insignificant, "bare" kings is rendered again. Or Magic Irony of Kalosh Happiness and Mocking Associativity, Thin Humor and Magicness of Swine and Princess on Peas and Merry Nrava. In the best fairy tales, high poetics is organically intertwined with reckless mockery, and romantic irony - with mysticism. Such are the fairy tales shadow, a resistant tin soldier, lightning, storm moves the signboard. The uniqueness of Andersen in that, he endowed a wonderful gift not only a mermaid. He wondered and convincingly fired the power of the Spirit of the Earth Fragile Girls. Such as Gerd from the Snow Queen or Elsa of Wild Swans, whose disinterested heroism and sacrifice eclipses the acts of even mighty heroes. For their inconspicuous little babies are preferred, whose souls permeates and moves great selfless love, fonding millions of children's hearts. Andersen with reliability endowed inanimate objects with human properties. And most importantly - the soul, thereby opening the unknown world for his reader earlier, the immense world, awakening the "feelings of good" to flowers and trees, erased coin and aublodnyy sinph, to a sliding-troll or a loser. On the immortality of the creative principle and the reality of miracles tells the priest-multidimensional tale of Len. This is the story of a blue flower who came from ancient Egypt, whose weightless petals are similar to the wings of the moth. There are many transformations with a wonderful flower. Here is his dried stems crucified and stretched into the threads. From the threads there are clothing warming in Stuzh, giving coolness in the heat. But clothes wear out. However, the rag is suitable for washing floors and erasing dust. And when turns into a dust, then paper is creating. Paper turns into books - spacious wisdom and light. And even if the books fall into the fire, then the ash and ashes, fertilizing fields, again give rise to myriads of blue colors. Everything is repeated first, definitely disagreeable life. An example of a fairy tale equal to a high, light tragedy, a fairy tale-parable mother. Death stole a child's mother. In order to find out the road to the controversial, the mother gives her eyes to the lake. Putting to the chest, heats the frozen thorns, so that it begins to be green and flourish. She gives her beautiful black hair in exchange for gray-haired old women-gatekeepers to enter the magic garden of death and save their child. Andersen was also interested in the problem of true and false in art, which tells the tale of the nightingale. The originality of Andersen's fairy tales is that, contrary to literary traditions, he used in his stories elements of a spoken language, combined imaginary with universal, taken from folk legends, as well as in the peculiarities of the description of landscapes - spiritual, dynamic and at the same time accurate. In the fairy tales of "Danchanin with the shoulder cheeks" we meet biblical heroes and characters from the myths of ancient Egypt, Tristan with Isolde and those who tell the Koran. It was organically merged by the West and East and there is a sacrament, which is difficult to explain, and given only to the soul. Some of the best children's fairy tales in world literature - they are addressed to equally and adults that the author himself was aware. Andersen's life is impossible to imagine without love, most often unrequited. The last and deepest love came to him in the fall of 1843, when the famous opera singer Ienni Lind arrived in Copenhagen. It seemed that it was so long-awaited "consonant souls." But this meeting turned out for Andersen spiritual pain, and all his life he lived a bachelor. Two months before death, he learned from the English newspaper that his fairy tales belong to the number of the most readable worldwide. He died on August 4, 1875 in Copenhagen. Swedish writer and playwright August Strindberg said so: "We are simply talking to Andersen in Sweden. Without initials. For we know only one Andersen. He belongs to us and our parents, he is our childhood and our maturity. As well as our old age. " In connection with the 200th birthday of 2005, UNESCO was declared the Year of Andersen.

Andersen's Hans-Christian was born in the family of bars and a carpenter's shoemaker, in the city of Odense (Funes Island) of the second of April 1805. His childhood passed with the stories and songs of the Father and the cut figures of his grandfather. Mother taught him sewing skill. After watching the performance of Abellino "Scary Bandit", he began to invent his first play, making puppet artists for her. I learned a letter and reading by 10 years, I could not finish the elementary school.

When Hansa was 12 years old, his father died. And the boy had to go to the assistant first on the cloth and then to the tobacco factory. Having earned some money, fourteen Christians went to Copenhagen in 1819. .. there he received ballet lessons, Latin, German and Danish language. He also began to deepen his knowledge in world poetry and dramaturgy. Living in hunger and poverty begins to write his first tragedy "Robbers in Wissenberg." For the publication of the first act in the ARPA newspaper, received his first fee. After that, I started writing the tragedy "Alfsol". At this time, it becomes famous among Copenhagen celebrities. For the assistance of J. Collill he gets the royal scholarship. 1822 - was adopted in the second class of Latin gymnasium in the stagnation. In those years, he writes a lot, and his poems "dying child", "Evening" very highly appreciate critics.

1828 - enrolled in Copenhagen University and received the title of Philosophy. The first romantic prose of Hans came out in 1829. A large triumph he brings his water waters "Love on the Nikolava Tower" 1829. In 1831 he wrote "shadow paintings" and a collection of poems "Fantasy and Eeskiza". In 1833, he created for the king Denmark Frederick cycle of poems. In Rome begins to write the "improviser" 1835 - the first novel. After that, I wrote an essay about Michelangelo and Raphael, "just a violinist" 1837, "to be or not to be" 1857, "Mulat" 1840. From 1835 to 1837, the world saw him three out of fairy tales. In 1843, he met his last and most strong love of the Opera singer Lynd Lind. But their meeting did not bring anything good for the heart of Andersen. He dies with a bachelor of August 4, 1875 in Copenhagen.

Work

Andersen Hans Christians is a Danish writer. The world glory brought to him fairy tales, which combine romance and realism, fantasy and humor, satirical beginning with irony. Folk-based (<Огниво>), imbued with humanism, lyricism and humor (<Стойкий оловянный солдатик>, <Гадкий утенок>, <Русалочка>, <Снежная королева>), fairy tales condemn public inequality, selfishness, careful, self-complase of this world (<Новое платье короля>).

The outrage of the contemporaries of Andersen called the fairy tales "New Dress of the King" and "Flooring". Critics saw in them the absence of morality and respect for high policies. This, first of all, was observed in that scene when the princess at night the dog brings at night in the camork to the soldier. Contemporaries believed that fairy tales were intended exclusively to children and did not feel the originality of the creative manner of the Danish writer.

However, the contemporaries knew, unlike many of us, not only the Andersen-Fantastic. The creative heritage of Andersen is much more extensive: 5 novels and the story "Lucky Per", more than 20 plays, countless poems, 5 books of travel essays, memoirs "Tale of my life", extensive correspondence, diaries. And all these split works in their own way contributed to the creation of the original literary fairy tale Andersen, about which the Norwegian writer Bienson Martinus Bienson rightly noticed that in it "there is a drama, and novel, and philosophy.

Biography of Hans Christian Andersen

Hans Christian Andersen was born on April 2, 1805 in Denmark, in the small town of Odessa on the island of Fune. Andersen's father, Hans Andersen (1782-1816), was a poor shoe, his mother - Anna Marie Andersdatter (1775-1833) also took place from the poor family: in childhood she even had to ask for alms, worked as a laundry and after death was buried in a cemetery for Poor.

In Denmark, there is a legend of the royal origin of Andersen, because in the early biography, Andersen wrote that in childhood he played with Prince Frith, afterwards, by King Frederick VII, who, according to Andersen, was his only friend. Andersen's friendship with Prince Frith, according to Andersen's fantasy, continued until the death of the latter. The persistence of this legend gives the fact that in addition to relatives, only Hans Christian Andersen was admitted to the royal coffin. However, you should not forget that by the time Andersen from the son of the shoeman turned into a symbol and pride of Denmark.

And the reason for this fantasy was the stories of the boy's father, that he is a relative of the king. Since childhood, the future writer showed a tendency to dream and writing, often arranged improvised homemade performances. Hans grew by sophisticated-nervous, emotional and susceptible. The usual school, where in those days, physical punishments had caused him only fear and dislike. For this reason, parents gave it to a Jewish school, where there were no such punishment. From here forever the preserved connection of Andersen with the Jewish people and the knowledge of its traditions and culture; He wrote several fairy tales and stories for Jewish topics - they were not translated into Russian.

In 1816, Andersen's father died, and the boy had to work for food. He was an apprentice first in weaver, then the tailor. Then Andersen worked at a cigarette factory.

At the age of 14, Andersen went to Copenhagen: he dreamed of getting to the theater. Whether he saw himself with a famous artist or director, which was dreaming of him in dreams, he knew only that lanky boy, clumsy as a whappy duckling from the fairy tale written later. In life, he was ready for the smallest roles. But even this was gone with great difficulty. It was all: and barren trips to famous artists, requests and even nervous tears. Finally, thanks to his perseverance and a pleasant voice, despite the incompass figure, Hans was adopted at the Royal Theater, where he played minor roles. It lasted for a short time: the age breaking of the voice deprived of his ability to perform on stage.

Andersen, meanwhile, composed a play in 5 acts and wrote a letter to a king, convincing money to make money on her edition. This book also included poems. The experience was unsuccessful - the book did not want to buy a book. Similarly, they did not want to put the play in the theater where young Andersen went, still not lost hope.

But when people who melt at the poor and sensitive young man were petitioned by the King of Denmark Frederick VI, who allowed to study at school in the town of Slagels, and then at another school in Elsinor at the expense of the treasury. Pupils at school were 6 years old under Andersen, therefore, the relationship with them did not make up. Strict rules also did not cause love, and the critical attitude of the rector left such an unpleasant precipitate for the lifetime that one day Andersen wrote that he had seen him in nightmares for many years.

In 1827, Andersen completed his studies, but he didn't have a lot of grammatical mistakes by diploma: until the end of his life, he made many grammatical mistakes.

In 1829, Published by Andersen a fantastic story "Hesy Traveling from Canal Holman to the eastern tip of Amagra" brought the writer fame. Little was written until 1833, when Andersen received a cash benefit from the king, which allowed him to carry out the first foreign journey. Since that time, Andersen writes a large number of literary works, including in 1835 - the "fairy tales" glorified him.

In the 1840s, Andersen tried to return to the layout, but without much success. At the same time, he confirmed his talent, making a collection of "Book with pictures without pictures." The glory of his "fairy tales" grew; The 2nd issue of "fairy tales" was started in 1838, and the 3rd - in 1845.

By this time, he was already a famous writer widely known in Europe. In June 1847, Andersen arrived in England for the first time and was awarded a triumphal meeting. In the second half of the 1840s and in the next years, Andersen continued to publish novels and plays, trying in vain to glorify as a playwright and a novelist.

Andersen was angry when he was called a children's storyteller and said that he writes fairy tales for both children and adults. For the same reason, he ordered that on his monument, where the children had to surround the original storyman, there was not a single child.

The last fairy tale was written by Andersen in Christmas 1872. In 1872, Andersen fell off the bed, he was very prayed and no longer recovered from injuries, although she lived for another three years. He died on August 4, 1875 and was buried on Assistance Cemetery ("Assistens") in Copenhagen.

Biography of Hans Christian Andersen (for children)

Among the writers of Denmark XIX century. The greatest fame outside the country acquired Hans Christian Andersen. He was born in the provincial Danish town of Odessa, on the island of Funen. The father of the storyboard writer was a shoemaker, the mother is a laundry. In the story of Andersen "Disappearance" Silenka Bratka in a lightly fallen clothes, wagged into heavy wooden shoes runs to the river, where his mother standing on the knee in ice water, stains someone else's underwear. This was remembered by Andersen his childhood.

But even then, he fell joyful, precious minutes, when his father read the son of amazing fairy tales from "Thousand and One Night", wise fables, merry comedies, and mother, grandmother or older's old women told amazing folk fairy tales, who after many years Andersen - I retold the children. Hans Christians studied at school for the poor, participated in the amateur puppet theater, where I improvised funny scenes, binding life observations with childish fiction.

The father died early, and the little boy had to work on a sewing factory. At fourteen years, Andersen with a nodule in his hand and with ten coins in his pocket was on foot to the capital of Denmark - Copenhagen. He brought with him a notebook, where with monstrous spelling errors, he wrote out his first essays with large letters. Only at seventeen years he was again managed to go beyond the desk next to the little boys to continue their education. Five years later, Andersen became a University Copenhagen Student.

Poverty, hunger, humiliation did not prevent him from writing poems, comedy, drama. In 1831, Andersen created the first fairy tale, and since 1835 he almost annually gave children to the new year the collections of amazing fairy tales.

Andersen traveled a lot. He lived in Germany for a long time in Germany, more than once in Italy, visited England, France, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, even Africa. He was friends with many poets, writers, composers.

With Hans Christian Andersen, we often meet in his fairy tales. We learn him and in that student from the fairy tale "Flowers of the Little Ida", who knew how to tell the wonderful stories and cut out the magnificent palaces and intricate figures; and in the wizard ole-lukoe; And in the cheerful man from the fairy tale "Spruce, which, sitting under the Christmas tree, told the children about lucky clubpe-dumpe; And in a lonely old man from the fairy tale "Etraine Mother", about whom they said that, to what he would do neither, for which he would look, from everything he was a fairy tale. So Andersen knew how to turn any trifle into a fairy tale, and for this he was not needed a magic wand.

Andersen hotly loved simple, hardworking people, sympathized with the poor and unfairly offended: Little Claus, who fastened his field only on Sundays, because he worked for six days a week on the field of Greater Claus; A poor woman who lived in the attic and moved the ovens every morning in foreign houses, leaving the sick daughter's home; Gardener Larsen, which grown for his nurses, amazing fruits and flowers. Andersen hated all those who believe that for money you can buy everything in the world there is nothing more expensive than wealth, and dreamed of happiness for all people with good heart and skillful hands.

In the fabulous stories, Andersen, as if in a magic diminutive mirror, reflected pictures of the real life of the bourgeois Denmark of the last century. Therefore, even in his fantastic fairy tales so much deep life truth.

Andersen's favorite heroes are a nightingale, shankenworn and sweet, who lived in a green forest by the sea; This is a nasty duckling, whom everyone is offended; Tin soldier, always held persistently, even in a dark bruh of big fish.

In the fairy tales, Andersen is not happy who lived life for himself, but the one who brought people joy and hope. Happy rose bush, every day new roses every day, and not a snail, blocked in his sink ("snail and pink bush"). And out of five peas who grew up in one pod ("five of one pod"), not the very wonderful thing was not the one, which fucked in the stale water of the drainage gutter and was proud that he would quickly burst, and the one that sprouted in the slut of the male window sill under the attic window. Rostock released the green leaflets, the stalks were stuck around the twine, and once a light pink flower blossomed in the morning ... The life of this pea was not in vain - every day the green plant brought a new joy of a sick girl.

Many years have passed after the death of a great storyter, and we still hear his lively wise voice.

Materials used:
Wikipedia, Encyclopedia for children

(1805- 1875)

The Biography of Hans Christian Andersen is firmly connected with Denmark, it is in this country, in the family of a poor shoe, a great storyteller was born on April 2, 1805. The boy was not sociable, he had no friends, and his only passion was a puppet theater. Love for this lesson Andersen carried through all his childhood and youth. His father, Hans Andersen, died when the boy was fulfilled only 11 years old, and at such a young age he had to think about his impregnation. For three years held by him in the hometown of Odessa after the death of the Father, Hans Christians changed several works - was a teach student, tailor, and then workers in a factory that produced a cigarette.

In 1819, reaching 14 years old, Andersen leaves native places and heads to the capital of Denmark - Copenhagen. Despite the young years, it was a purposeful person, full of healthy ambitions, which the question of his mother about his goal replied that he wanted to become famous.

Strike a letter with the recommendations of the Colonel from Odense (in his house, the boy has repeatedly arranged puppet ideas), the young Hans Christian puts a very difficult task before him - to become an actor of the Royal Theater. After a long and persistent, his requests, with whom he applied to the Directorate of the Theater, pity for this awkward lanky teenager won, and Andersen was hired. However, in all performances, he had only minor roles in all the performances, because of all artistic talents, the future writer had only a voice of a pleasant timbre. But he soon deteriorated due to the hormonal restructuring of the body, and Andersen was dismissed.

During this period of time, Hans Christian writes a play, which is printed on stateless money, but the book does not cause interest in any readers or the administration of the theater.

Thanks to the petition, before the Danish king Frederick VI, the Biography of Hans Christian Andersen was marked by the years of study at the School of Salals and in Alissor. Despite the prolonged training, for which the treasury was paid, Hans Christians did not competently and until the end of his life did many mistakes with a letter.

Two years after the completion of education, in 1829 it comes out a fantastic work of the writer - "Hesy travel from the Canal Holman to the eastern tip of Amagra," immediately made it known. Up to 1833, Andersen, receiving a manual from the king, is doing a little writing. He leaves the limits of his little homeland for a while and goes on a journey. But the subsequent years have become very fruitful for the creative activity of the writer. In 1835, his book is published under the name "Fairy Tales", which brings him worldwide fame. Three years later, the collection of fairy tales was reissued, the next issue of this book was carried out in 1848.

Without stopping writing the fairy tales to which he believed quite contemptuously, Andersen did not lose hope for the glory of playwright and novelist, but these numerous attempts were not crowned with success. Therefore, the Biography of Andersen "is limited only by the" title of the Great Fairy Tale.

The last fairy tale was created by the famous writer in 1872, in the same period of time the writer, falling from the bed, received serious injuries and was no longer engaged in creativity.

Boring, empty and unpretentious life without fairy tales. Hans Christian Andersen perfectly understood it. Let him have a character not from the lungs, but opening the door to another magic story, people did not pay attention to it, but they were pleased with pleasure in a new, unheard of the narrative.

A family

Hans Christian Andersen - the world famous Danish poet and Prosais. On his account more than 400 fairy tales, which even today do not lose their popularity. The famous storyteller was born in Odin (Danish-Norwegian Union, Funen Island) on April 2, 1805. He is a leaving a poor family. His father was a simple shoe, and his mother is a laundry. All childhood she was aware of and asked for a chance on the street, and when she died, she was buried on a cemetery for the poor.

Grandfather Hans was a sharp tree, but in the city where he lived, he was considered slightly not in his mind. Being in nature a creative man, he cut out of the tree figurine of herue-semi-bombing with wings, and many such art was completely incomprehensible. Christian Andersen was poorly studied at school and wrote to the end of his life with mistakes, but since childhood he attracted writing.

Fantasy world

In Denmark there is a legend that Andersen was an outcomes from the royal family. These rumors are associated with the fact that the storyteller himself in the early autobiography wrote that he played in his childhood with Prince Frith, who became the king of Frederick VII. And among the yard boys he had no friends. But since Christian Andersen loved to compose, it is likely that this friendship was the fruit of his imagination. Based on the fantasy fantasies, his friendship with the prince continued, even when they became adults. In addition to relatives, Hans was the only person from the side that was allowed to the coffin of the late monarch.

The source of these fantasies was the stories of the father of Andersen, as if he was a long-range relative of the royal family. From early childhood, the future writer was a big dreamer, and his imagination was truly violent. Not once, and not two, he arranged at home improvised performances, played various scenes and forced adults to laugh. People's peers were frankly disliked and often mocked.

Difficulties

When Christian Andersen was 11 years old, his father died (1816). The boy had to earn independently for food. He began to work in the apprentices of weaver, later worked as an assistant tailor. Then his labor activity continued at the factory for the production of cigarettes.

The guy had amazing big blue eyes and closed character. He liked to sit alone somewhere in the corner and play a puppet theater - her favorite game. He did not lose this love for puppet ideas and in adulthood, ran into the soul to the end of his days.

Christian Andersen was distinguished from his peers. Sometimes it seemed that in the body of a little boy lives a quick-tempered "uncle", to which the finger in the mouth is not putting - it will break off the elbow. He was too emotional and all took it too close to the heart, because of what was often imposed in physical punishment in schools. For these reasons, Mother had to give his son to a Jewish school, where different executions did not practice over the disciples. Thanks to this action, the writer knew perfectly on the traditions of the Jewish people and had forever retained with him a connection. He even wrote several stories to Jewish themes, unfortunately, they never translated them into Russian.

Youth years

When Christian Andersen turned 14 years old, he headed to Copenhagen. Mother assumed that her son would soon return. In essence, he was still a child, and in such a big city he had little chance to "catch up." But, leaving the father's house, the future writer confidently declared that he would become famous. First of all, he wanted to find a job that he would have to do. For example, in the theater that he loved so much. He received money on the trip from a person, in whose house often arranged improvised performances.

The first year of life in the capital did not bring the storyter to the fulfillment of his dreams. Once he came to the house of the famous singer and began to ask her to assist him with work in the theater. To get rid of a strange teenager, the lady gave a promise that would help him, but so his word did not hold down. Only after many years later, she confesses to him that, for the first time, seeing, thought it was if he was deprived of a reason.

At that time, the writer was long-standing, thin teenager, with anxious and bad temper. He was afraid of everything: possible robbery, dogs, fire, passport loss. All his life he suffered from dental pain and for some reason he believed that the amount of teeth affects his writing activity. And he was afraid to poison to death. When the Scandinavian children sent a favorite tale of sweets, he in horror sent a gift to his nieces.

It can be said that in the adolescence, Hans Christian Andersen himself was an analogue of the ugly duckling. But he was surprisingly a pleasant voice, and either because of him, or from pity, but he still received a place in the royal theater. True, he never achieved success. He constantly got the roles of the second plan, and when the age breaking of the voice began, and they were kicked out of the troupe.

First works

But if you say briefly, Hans Christian Andersen did not much upset the dismissal. At that time, he already wrote a play for five acts and sent a letter to the king with a request to financial assistance in publishing his work. In addition to the play, the book of Hans Christian Andersen was poems. The writer did everything to work his work. But neither the announcements nor advertising actions in the newspapers led to the expected level of sales. The storyteller did not give up. He suffered a book in the theater in the hope that his play would put a performance. But here it was awaited by disappointment.

Study

The theater said that the writer lacks professional experience, and offered him to learn. People who sympathized with the unfortunate teenager sent the request to the King Denmark himself so that he allowed him to fill the gaps in knowledge. His Majesty listened to requests and provided a storyteller with the opportunity to receive education at the expense of the state treasury. As the biography of Hans Christian Andersen, in his life there was a steep turn: he received a student at the School of the city of Slagels, later - in Elsinor. Now the talented teenager did not need to think how to make money for food. True, school science was given heavily. His all the time criticized the rector of the educational institution, besides, Hans felt uncomfortable due to the fact that he was older than his classmates. The study ended in 1827, but the writer was never able to master the grammar, so I wrote with errors until the end of life.

Creation

Considering the brief biography of Christian Andersen, it is worth paying attention to his work. The first ray of glory brought the writer a fantastic story "Capturing a trip from the Canal Holman to the eastern tip of Amagra." This work was published in 1833, and for him the writer received a reward from the king himself. The monetary remuneration made the opportunity for Andersen to travel abroad, which he always dreamed about.

It became a start, take-off stripe, the beginning of a new life stage. Hans Christian realized that he could manifest himself and on another field, and not only in the theater. He began to write, and wrote a lot. Various literary works, including the famous "fairy tales" of Hans Christian Andersen fly out from under his pen, like hot cakes. In 1840, he once again tried to conquer theatrical layouts, but the second attempt, as the first, did not bring the desired result. But in the writing craft he was successful.

Success and hatred

The collection "Book with pictures without pictures" comes to the world, 1838 was marked by the release of the second release of "fairy tales", and in 1845 the world saw the bestseller "Tales-3". Step by step, Andersen became a famous writer, they spoke not only in Denmark, but also in Europe. In the summer of 1847, he visits England, where he is met with honors and triumph.

The writer continues to write novels and plays. He wants to be famous as a novelist and playwright, that's just true glory brought fairy tales, which he quietly begins to hate. Andersen no longer wants to write in this genre, but fairy tales appear from under his pen again and again. In 1872, on Christmas Eve, Andersen wrote his last fairy tale. In the same year, he fell from the bed by negligence and received severe injury. He never managed to recover from injuries, although after the fall he lived for another three years. The writer died on August 4, 1875 in Copenhagen.

The very first fairy tale

Not so long ago, in Denmark, the researchers discovered an unknown fairy tale "Song Candle" Hans Christian Andersen. The summary of this find is simple: a silent candle can not find its place in this world and fall into the despondency. But one day she meets the fire that burns fire in it, to joy others.

In their literary advantages, this work is significantly inferior to the fairy tales of the late period of creativity. It was written when Andersen still studied at school. He dedicated the work of the widow of the priest Ms. Bunkeflood. Thus, the young man tried to decay her and thank the fact that she paid his unavual science. Investigated converge in the opinion that this work is filled with too much morals, there is no one soft humor, but only morality and "spiritual experiences of the candle".

Personal life

Hans Christian Andersen was never married, and he had no children. In general, he did not have success in women, and did not strive for it. However, his love was still. In 1840, in Copenhagen, he met a girl named Jenny Lind. Three years later, he will write cherished words in his diary: "I love!" For her, he wrote fairy tales and devoted to her. But Jenny, referring to him, spoke "Brother" or "Child." Although he was almost 40 years old, and she was only 26. In 1852, Lind married a young and promising pianist.

On the slope of the years, Andersen became even more extravagant: he often visited public houses and a long time stayed there, but never touched the girls that they worked there, but only spoke to them.

As you know, in the Soviet times foreign writers often produced in a reduced or recycled version. It did not bypassed the work of the Danish Fairy Tale: instead of Tolstaya Meetings in the USSR, thin collections were produced. Soviet writers had to remove any mention of God or religion (if it would not work - to soften). Andersen has no non-religious works, just in some works it is noticeable immediately, and in other theological subtext is hidden between the lines. For example, in one of its works there is a phrase:

Everything was in this house: both wealth, and the chumped gentlemen, but was not in the house of the owner.

But in the original it is written that there is no owner in the house, but the Lord.

Or to compare the "snow queen" Hans Christian Andersen: the Soviet reader does not even suspect that when Gerde is scary, she begins to pray. A little annoying that the words of the Great Writer were reedded, and even thrown out at all. After all, the real value and depth of the work can be understood by examining it from the first word to the last point supplied by the author. And in the retelling it is already felt by something fake, bad-minded and unreal.

Several facts

Finally, I would like to mention a few little-known facts from the author's life. The fairy tale was the autograph Pushkin. Elegy, signed by the Russian poet, is now in the Danish Royal Library. Andersen did not part with this work until the end of his days.

Every year on April 2, the day of the children's book is celebrated around the world. In 1956, the International Children's Book Council awarded the Fairy Tale Gold Medal - the highest international award, which can be obtained in modern literature.

Last lifetime, Andersen was set a monument, the project of which he personally approved. At first, the project depicted a writer sitting surrounded by children, but the storyboard was outraged: "I would not have been able to say words in such an environment." Therefore, children had to be removed. Now on the square in Copenhagen sits a storyteller with a book in his hand, in full solitude. What, however, not so far from the truth.

Andersen can not be called a soul of the company, he could be alone with him for a long time, reluctantly converged with people and, it seemed, lived in the world, which existed only in his head. No matter how cynically sounded, but his soul was like a coffin - calculated only on one person, on him. Studying the biography of a storyteller, you can make only one conclusion: the writing is a lone profession. If you open this world to someone else, then the magic fairy tale will turn into an ordinary, dry and stingy history on emotions.

"Ugly duckling", "Mermaid", "Snow Queen", "Thumbelina", "New Dress of the king", "Princess on the pea" and not yet one dozen fairy tales gave the world to the author's feather. But in each of them there is a lonely hero (the main or secondary - it does not matter), in which the Andersen can be found. And this is right, because only the storyteller can open the door to the reality, where it is impossible to become possible. If he struck himself out of a fairy tale, she would have become a simple story without the right to exist.

One of the most famous writers of fairy tales is Andersen. A brief biography for schoolchildren of this author should include the main stages of his life, the main milestones of creativity, and most importantly, features of literary activities. In this regard, it is also necessary to mention its main writings, and show that he wrote not only fairy tales, but I tried myself in different genres, while doing in the theater and creating travel notes. This man was a very multifaceted and versatile person, while the wide public knows him, as a rule, only as the author of fairy tales. However, the Brief Biography of Andersen should include the mention of other areas of its interests and classes.

Childhood

He was born in 1805 on the island of Fune. It took place from the poor family: his father was a carpenter and a shoemaker, and his mother was a laundry. The future writer already had problems with obtaining education: he was afraid of corporal punishment, and therefore the mother gave him to the Jewish school, where they were banned. Nevertheless, he learned literacy only by ten years and wrote with errors to the end of life.

In school lessons it is very important to emphasize how difficult the work school of life was Andersen. Biography for children should briefly be set down to take into account several facts of this kind, namely, that he was an apprentice in two factories, and these harsh imposed a strong imprint on his worldview.

Teenage years

A great influence on him was the father and grandfather. He himself wrote in his autobiography that he had an interest in the theater and writing in his childhood, when he was heard by the stories of his grandfather and, together with his father, arranged improvised homemade performances. In addition, the grandfather remembered the boy in that she cut out funny toys from a tree, and the future storyteller himself mastered clothes and costumes, arranging real scenes at home. A great influence on him was to visit the Copenhagen troupe, where he once even played one small role. So he realized that he wanted to be a writer and artist. The brief biography of Andersen is also interesting because he himself still at a very young age made a decision that he wants to be famous and, crewing a little money, went to Copenhagen.

Study and theatrical experience

In the capital, he tried to become an actor, but he never managed to master this art. But here he got a good education. At the request of influential acquaintances, he studied in two cities of the country, learned several languages \u200b\u200band passed the exams for the degree of candidate. Seeing in the young man a great desire to become an actor, director of theaters gave him small roles, but very soon he was told that he could never professionally play on stage. However, by that time his talent was already manifested as a writer, playwright and writer.

First works

A very brief biography of Andersen should include his most famous works (besides his fairy tales, which, probably, know everything, even those who have not read them). It is indicative that his first literary experience was not fairy tales, but plays written in the genre of tragedies. Here he was waiting for success: they were published, and the writer received his first fee. He continued to write in the genres of large prose, miniature novel, plays, and notes in the genres of large prose. The brief biography of Andersen, the most important content of which, perhaps, is, of course, the stage associated with writing fairy tales should also take into account other parties to the activities of this author.

Travel and dating

Despite the constraint in the means, the writer still had the opportunity to travel in Europe. Having received small cash remuneration for their literary works, he visited various countries of Europe, where he had a lot of interesting acquaintances. So, he met the famous French writers V. Hugo and A. Duma. In Germany, he was represented by the German Gaine Poet. The interesting facts of his life can be attributed to the fact that he had an autograph Pushkin. These travels were of great importance for the further development of his creativity, because thanks to them he mastered a new way for himself.

Flowering creativity

The brief biography of Andersen, whom the children of school age are studying, should include first of all the life stage of a writer who is associated with writing fairy tales, which was popular not only in his homeland, but also around the world. The beginning of their creation refers to the second half of 1830, when the author began to publish his first collections. They immediately acquired fame, although many criticized the author for the fact that he is negotiable, too waven in this genre. Nevertheless, this genre glorified the writer. A feature of his fairy tales is a combination of reality and fiction, humor, satire and drama elements. It is indicative that the writer himself did not consider that he writes for children, and insisted even that there was not a single figure of a child around his sculptural image. The secret of the success of the popularity of the author's fairy tales is that he created a new type of compositions where inanimate objects, as well as plants, birds and animals became full characters.

Mature stage of creativity

A brief biography of Andersen should be denoted by other achievements in the field of fiction. So, he wrote in the genre of a major prose (the novel "Improvisator" brought him European fame). He wrote miniature novels. The completion of his long and fruitful creative path was speaking autobiography named "Tale of my life." She is interested in what reveals the character of this difficult person. The fact is that the writer was a closed and very susceptible person. He was not married and had no children. The impressions of youth, severe childhood imposed an indelible imprint on him: he remained hard for his life extremely sensitive person. The author died in Copenhagen in 1875.

The value of his creativity is difficult to overestimate. It is hard to find another such popular writer for schoolchildren as Andersen. Biography for children is briefly one of the important topics in school classes: after all, he became perhaps the most famous fairy tale all over the world. Interest in his work is preserved today. So, in 2012, a manuscript of a previously unknown fairy tale "Wax Candle" was found on the island of Funen.