House Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva Borisoglebsky. Cultural Center "House Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva
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The Cultural Center "House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva", opened on September 12, 1992 by decision of the Presidium of the Council of the Culture Foundation, became the present center for the study of the life and creative path of one of the largest poets of Russia of the 20th century - Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva.
The museum is located in the house in which Tillaeeva spent its lives. The building itself represents no less interest than the exposition of the museum. Connecting two directions of the architecture of the XIX century, the semi-free is considered a monument of architectural art and is protected by the state.
The exposition of the museum is presented in the form of several permanent exhibitions dedicated to both Marina Tsvetaeva and its contemporaries. The exhibition "White Hike, you found your chronicler" is devoted to the history of white movement. The collection of the museum accommodates the objects of life of White Guards, the times of the civil war and a collection of photos of the generals of the White Army.
A separate exhibition is devoted to the family of her husband with a Tsvetaeva - family of Durnovo-Efron. The main exhibition of the Museum "Poet and Time" is devoted to the difficult creative and life path of the Poet Tsvetaeva. In the collection of the museum, the visitor can familiarize himself with a large collection of photos, postcards and portraits belonging to the poet family. Of particular interest are family things and coat of arms of color.
Portraits A. White, V. Brysov and K. Balmont presented a literary environment in which Marina Tsvetaeva grew. Her love for literature and poetry is expressed by rare and rare publications of her favorite writers and poets. The final exhibition is devoted to the history of the children of Marina and Sergey - Ariadnes and Georgy Tsvetaeva.
Mode of operation:
- tuesday, Wednesday, Friday-Sunday - from 12.00 to 19.00;
- thursday - from 12.00 to 21.00;
- monday and the last Friday of the month - the day off.
"When I look at the flying leaves,
Flying on a cobblestone,
Sour cream - as an artist with a brush,
The picture of the cum finally
I think (no one doesn't like
Neither the village, nor my whole thoughtful look),
What is clearly yellow, resolutely rusty
One such sheet on top is forgotten. "
Not far from the noisy Arbat in the quiet Borisoglebsky Lane (House number 6, p. 1) there is a small two-story building - now it is a house-museum of Marina Tsvetaeva, where she lived difficult for her years from 1914 to 1922. This museum is unique in its own way. In the fact that the interiors are preserved, personal belongings, the lifetime publications of books not only by Marina Ivanovna, but also other poets, but also in that at the moment this is the only house preserved in Moscow the Great Poets. Her generic "nest" is a small wooden house in a three-hand alley now without a trace "disappeared" from the face of the earth. The museum was opened in 1992 - in the century since the birth of Marina Tsvetaeva. And today I invite you to stroll through this the most interesting home.
01. In this house, Marina Ivanovna settled in September 1914, together with his husband Sergei Yakovlevich Efron and the daughter of Ariad or Aley, as she was called in the family. The house itself, by the way, was built in 1862. It was an income house for 4 apartments in the style of Moscow classicism. 
02. We are met by Bust Marina Tsvetaeva. 
03. In 1915, Marina Tsvetaeva meets the poetess of Sofia Garnik (the second bottom in the left row). Their relationship continued until 1916, Tsvetaeva devoted her a cycle of the "girlfriend". It is believed that the famous "under caressing plush plaid ..." is dedicated to Sofye. After parting with her, Marina returned to her husband, but the relationship with Sofia was still for a long time as a personal catastrophe. 
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07. The entire second floor was held by the husband of Marina Tsvetaeva - Sergey Efron. This is "attic." This room was chosen by Sergey, when the family entered the house in 1914. 
08. The situation of that time was the ottoman, a narrow red wood sofa, a closet, a buffet, a small round table and a desk at the window. 
09. On the walls hung engravings with images of Favorite Coltonians Sergey - Kutuzov, Suvorov, Kornilov and Nakhimov. On the right above the suitcase hangs a photopline of Mother Sergey - Elizabeth Dunovo. 
10. The windows in the room were located at different levels. The bottom window went on a flat roof of a nursery, an obscured balustrade. About the top, over which the ceiling forms the similarity of Niche, Tsvetaeva wrote:
Highly my end!
You will not get a trick!
On the wall of the attic sun
From the window lay down the cross. 
11. The furnishings of the left era recreate the vintage furniture and portraits. 
12. Photo of Marina and Sergey, as well as sisters Sergey Elizabeth. 
13. On the times of "Military Communism" remind the iron, a coffee grinder and samovar (in a similar Tsveyev, soldering millet cooked). 
14. Suitcases symbolize the nomadic life of Tsvetaeva, who left Russia in 1922 for many 17 years of emigration. 
15. And the Marina Ivanovna itself can be sitting at the window. 
16. Next room on the same floor. Here are photos and some personal things of the Efron family. 
17. Sergey Yakovlevich Efron was born in the family of People's Peternaya, Elizabeth Petrovna Runovovo (1855-1910), from the famous noble family, and Jakova Konstantinovich (Kalmanovich) Efron (1854-1909), from the Jewish family from the Vilensky province. 
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19. Sergey Efron and Marina Tsvetaeva met in Koktebel in 1911, when Marina stayed at his good friend of the poet Maximilian Voloshin. In January 1912, Marina married him, and in September of the same year they had a daughter Ariadne. 
20. Family album Family Efron. 
21. Here, near the window, a small statuette of Maximilian Voloshina. 
22. Marina Tsvetaeva. 
23. Maximilian Voloshin. Marina and Sergey then often stayed with him in Koktebel and loved this place especially. 
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27. The next room on the second floor is fully dedicated to the Military Service Sergey Efron. He left Moscow in 1918 to join the volunteer army. In the summer months, Tsvetaeva lived in the former husband of her husband, she fired this room in verse. 
28. After the beginning of the First World War, in 1915, Sergey Efron arrived by Brother Mercy to a sanitary train; In 1917 she graduated from the Junker School. February 11, 1917 was sent to the Peterhof school of ensigns to pass the service. Six months later, the infantry spare regiment was enrolled in 56-1, whose training team was located in Nizhny Novgorod.In October 1917, Efron participates in battles with Bolsheviks in Moscow, then in white movement, in the officer General Markov, the shelf, participates in the ice campaign and defense of the Crimea.
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32. Matching boilers and simple cutlery. 
33. Sergey was part of Kornilovtsev (Cornilovsky Regiment). 
34. Field office. Banknotes of the period of the Civil War. 
35. Elements of ammunition. 
36. Life sometimes plays with us a dick joke: first you're whiteward, and then the secret agent NKVD ... 
37. All the time, Sergey was on the front, Marina waited for him and prayed for his fate. The years of civil war were incredibly difficult for her. During these years, the cycle of poems "Swan Stan" appeared, imbued with sympathy to white movement. 
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40. Meanwhile we leave the second floor. 
41. This is a living room. Glazed doors led from the hallway to the living room. Under the ceiling window there was antique red-tree furniture in an ampir style: a round dining table with chairs, sofas from opposite walls, a large buffet with dishes. The pictures were hanging on the walls in the baguette frames, on the shelf of a large, the fireplace lined with onyx stood a clock in the form of a camel and the bronze bust of Alexander Pushkin. On the wall near the fireplace - portraits of Parents Tsvetaeva - Ivan Vladimirovich and Maria Alexandrovna. 
42. The sofa, upholstered with a red ton, belonged to Olga Ivinskaya, a close friend of Boris Pasternak's post and was called in her family "Pasternak Soleman". 
43. Above another sofa from the opposite side of the photograph of Marina Tsvetaeva and her family members. Three large images in the top row are associated with favorite poet places. On the left - Anastasia (sister of Marina), Marina and Sergey Efron in the living room of the Tsvetaeva in a threeproof alley. In the center - Family Sisters Tsvetaeva in Aleksandrov, where in the summer of 1916, Marina Gostila Got Anastasia. Right - Marina in the house of Maximilian Voloshina in Koktebel, where in 1911 she met Sergey. 
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45. At Max. 
46. \u200b\u200bMother Marina Maria Alexandrovna (in Mary Maine's Mary - from the russian Polish-German family) left life early (died from Chakhotka), and Marina remained in care of her father. 
47. In the hill - dishes from the Durovo-Efron family and a memorable dish, presented by the peasants Peter Apollonovich Durnovo - Grandfather Sergey Efron. Here is a plate from the German hotel "Zum Engel" ( "To angel"), in which Marina Tsvevaeva stopped in the summer of 1905 after studying in the boarding and in 1912 during a wedding trip. Coffee couple with a portrait of Josephine, Napoleon's wife, reminds the same, once owned by Marina Tsvetaeva. 
48. From the living room door lead to the depths of the apartment, in the passing room with a piano, a bookcase and a tanning shelf. Once here she is a piano inherited by Marina from Mother and given in difficult times for the powder of rye flour. The current instrument reminds of its predecessor, creating an atmosphere of the room - "Music Box". 
49. Over the piano, as once in the house, the portrait of Beethoven is hanging in a threeproof house. 
50. On the right is the Marina Tsvetaeva Room - a kind of heart of a memorial apartment. "This was the only real Mine room in my memory - an angle not imposed by fate, not short-term refuge ..." - wrote Ariadna Efron. The current situation is recreated on the memoirs of the relatives and guests of the poet close to the initial appearance. A portrait of Sergey Efron is hanging over the sofa. The original, written in Koktebel Magda Nachman, has not survived and replaced with a modern copy. 
51. On the floor, as ever, lies the wolf of the skin. 
52. In the simpleness stood a bookcase-secreter with favorite books from the family library. On the walls hung colored reproductions of Mikhail Vrubel's paintings, the window was "Voltaire" chair. 
53. The window stood a large writing desk, presented by Marina her father for hexadecimal. On the table were expensive teteral things, books, workbooks. Today, there are copies of the pages of the manuscript books of Marina Tsvetaeva, who are in the Writers shop in post-revolutionary years. In the corner closet - books in French and German, on it - the image of Our Lady, transmitted to the museum as a gift of Anastasia Tsvetaeva. 
54. There was a music from a cherry wooden tube of gramophone, an old music box and scarmer. 
55. Here it is hanging that Napoleon is hanging - one of the most significant for the marina of personalities. So significant that still as a child, she removed the icon from the wall of her room and hung the portrait of Napoleon instead of her. So they say, my God! 
56. The brightest and large room in the house was assigned to the daughters of Tsvetaeva - ale and Irina. The children's windows went out into the courtyard and at the neighboring church of Nikola on the courier legs demolished in the 1930s. The room atmosphere was partially inherited from the parental house in a threeprudge alley - a large gray carpet with an appreciation of autumn leaves on the floor and a high bookcase (in the photo below), not only books were kept in the kitche, but also toys. Along the walls stood a crib and a large chest, which served a bed of nan. The room was also a sofa and a large mirror. On the right stands the layout of an unaccompanied dacha color house in Tarusse, resembling a happy childhood sisters of the color. 
57. The setting of the nursery was almost completely lost during the civil war, and for some time herself was uninhabited: Tsvetaeva could not drop it. Among the broken things and toys remained boxes with books. Many of them Tsvetaeva attributed for sale in the Writers shop. 
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60. Ala (Ariadne and Irina). 
61. Near the bookcase you can see the fox scarecrow. 
62. In the exposition, the central place is held by the portraits of the daughters of Marina Ivanovna - Ariadnes and Irina. These photos are the last preserved images of the younger daughter of Irina - killed from hunger in 1920. Marina in desperate searches for daughters was forced to give them for a while in the children's shelter in Kuntsevo, where the American humanitarian aid should have been supposedly. Once Marina, having decided to spend his daughters, went to the shelter and realized that no help and food had children there. Ariadne is seriously ill and lying with high temperatures at almost death. Marina took the girl and headed from Kuntsevo on foot to Borisoglebsky alley. On the way, herself is essential from a long hunger and even with her daughter in his arms, it falls into fainting. She picks her woman on the cart and somehow pleases to the house. Marina rushes on acquaintances, asks for help from everyone who is possible. Ariadna managed to save. And then Marina accidentally finds out that they talk about some kind of "daughter poetess, who died in the shelter." Irina died at the age of 3. In Tsvetaeva's diary, I wrote: "I remember - they themselves remember! - wonderful Irinines eyes - dazzling-dark, such a rare green gray color, amazing shine - and its huge eyelashes. In Irinina, I still do not believe." I read different articles about Irina. It is believed that the younger daughter of Tsvetaee loved less than Ariadna, allegedly considering it "less developed", if so we can say. What praised her sometimes and that it was a conscious choice between girls. I do not want to believe in it. 
63. Another hall on the first floor of the whole contains photos of Marina, her family and some personal stuff poetess. 
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67. George (Moore) Efron - the Son of Marina and Sergey.
In May 1922, Tsvetaeva was allowed to leave the daughter Ariad abroad - to her husband who, having survived the defeat of Denikin, being a white officer, now became a student of the University of Prague. First, Tsvetaeva, with her daughter, lived for a short time in Berlin, then three years at the outskirts of Prague. The famous "Poem of the Mountain" and "Poem of the end", dedicated to Konstantin Rodzevich written in the Czech Republic. In 1925, after the birth of Son, George family moved to Paris. In Paris, the atmosphere created around her because of the husband's activities was strongly influenced in Paris. Efron accused the fact that he was recruited by the NKVD and participated in the conspiracy against Lion Sedov, the son of Trotsky. 
68. George and Ariadne. George died in 1944 on the eastern front of the Second World War and was buried in a fraternal grave. Ariadna Efron held 8 years in correctional labor camps and 6 years in the link in the Turukhan district and was rehabilitated in 1955. 
69. Moore was the most beloved and desired child for Marina. She gave birth for long, hard, being in emigration in the Czech Republic. 
70. Eyewitnesses argued that Marina Potked in everything and did not refuse to Muur, making his "Napoleon" from him. He grew up a secretive and difficult child, Marina fixed almost every day of his mature. 
In 1939, Tsvetaeva returned to the USSR after her husband and daughter, lived at the Duchess of the NKVD in Bolev (now the Memorial House-Museum M. I. Tsvetaeva in Bolshev. On August 27, the daughter of Ariadne was arrested, October 10 - Efron. October 16, 1941 Sergey Yakovlevich was shot on Lubyanka; Ariadne after fifteen years of imprisonment and references rehabilitated in 1955.
The Memorial Museum of Tsvetaeva is located in the very center of Moscow, in Borisoglebsky Lane for New Arbat. It is located in the former income-building house of the beginning of the last century, here the poetess lived 8 years before emigration from Russia in 1922.
After the war, the communal dwelling was sentenced to demolition, from which the house was saved by one of the dwellings, the admirer of the poetic talent of the former neighbor. For several years, a stubborn woman lived without heating and electricity, while the public and academician of Likhachev did not achieve a decision, a decorating museum.
When carrying out a recent repair of the house and the reconstruction of the exposition was held, modern design decisions were used. Thematic exhibitions and permanent exposition have undergone significant changes. This is noticeable even for those who have not previously visited the Museum, so unusual for old buildings did some premises acquired.
The transformations touched even the wardrobe and cash lobby located in the basement. Here, the announcement of the anniversary poetess, marked in 2017 was preserved. There is an entrance to the Tsvetaeva Museum by e-tickets, a special terminal is installed. The usual racks for booklets and informational materials have found a modern appearance, do not clutter the room.
It is expected that the work carried out in preparation for the 125th anniversary will continue. Update exposure, replenishment with genuine personal belongings could further revive interest in the exposure, attract new visitors. A number of steps in this direction the institution's management has already done.
Next to the box office is equipped with a spacious hall with book racks and reader tables illuminated individually. As well as the authors of the concept of alteration, here you can re-read the poetess poerages either by old memory, or inhaling the viewing of the exposure.
Jubilee exhibition
The poem of the air, one of the most difficult for the perception of works of Tsvetaeva, largely determined the content and stylist of the design of the anniversary exhibition. The motto of exposure and its main topic - where is my home? - taken from the initial lines of the hymn of the Czech Republic, where Tsvetaeva left in 1922. The exhibition consists of a number of sections called air - from the first to the last. Each single space is allocated, each lights a certain era in the life of the poets. Precedes these sections brief, figuratively outlined the biography of the heroine, the meanings of her life and creativity.
The first air is a description of childhood and adolescence, the formation of the personality and identification of poetic talent. Little Marina began to cast verses at the age of 5, at 18 to their funds released the first compilation, seen near the leading poets of Russia of Russia. As part of the exposition of the Gallery of the images of contemporaries, recreated interior of the office of Father Poets. Ivan Vladimirovich - art historian and professor of philology, founder of the Museum of Fine Arts (now Museum named after Pushkin).
The following sections represent the life of Marina Tsvetaeva as a chain in many ways of random events, according to its own expression. The exhibition organizers illustrate the stages of the biography of the heroine photographs, complementing them by showing natural exhibits. Several leading literary and historical storage facilities were transferred to the Tsvetaeva Museum available rarities for temporary use.
Almighty throughout the viewing and point illumination of exhibits focus the attention of visitors to the perception of information. What is happening in the life of a color event in a decisive extent is due to external circumstances that are stronger than people, by the expression of de Gaulle. Successful marriage for love, loved and loving children - everything is fascinating because of world war and revolution.
Fatal circumstances
Tsvetaeva met with a future husband Sergei Efron at the Vashin dacha in Koktebel. Human marriage for love at a young age is 16, she is older for a year, presented them with three children who divided the complex parental fate. More precisely, their fate folded as if in parallel, only at times in contact. Efron launched with his hobbies of spouse, nature is fond of and impressionable. The world war, Sergey, held the Mercy of the Sanitary Train and Juncker brother, in October 1917 he participated in the battles with the Bolsheviks. Then he fought as part of the Kornilov Voluntary Army, after the Crimea passing in 1920 he emigrated.
Marina in 1912 gave birth to a daughter called Ariadna, all his life called her asse, perhaps in memory of the older sister. The second daughter - Irina appeared after living in the future memorial house, died from hunger and illness in the board of Kuntsevo, without reaching 3 years. The elder sister miraculously survived the Mother's arrival, being with her deathly colors. Behind the fifth air follows the last.
Sergey Efron from the White Guard was the way to cooperate with the NKVD, in the emigration connecting with his wife and daughter. They went to Czechoslovakia in 1922, in 1925 the son of Georgy, nicknamed by Murom, was born in 1925.
The family returned to Russia in 1939, and at the beginning of the war, the son and mother went in the order of evacuation in Elabugu. The young man died at the liberation of Belarus, not too long to survive the faded after returning to Russia.
Marina Ivanovna herself committed suicide, stopped breathing with the help of an ominous rope. It is Her Boris who linked her like, who wiring in a poetess in evacuation. Even the replica of the future of the Nobel laureate is transmitted about the fortress of the rope - "Though hang."
However, this tragic end implies the exhibition organizers under the last air of Marina Tsvetaeva. All his life, she lived with poetic creativity, the symbol of which was the desktop showered in the exposition final.
Tsvetaeva Museum - Memorial Apartment
The memorial part of the exhibited premises Museum of Tsvetaeva presents in the traditional format, there are no modern delights. The composition of the rooms is both the composition and the recruitment of the exhibits both at the expense of the original from relatives and other donors and the selection of analogues. The front-end ladder in design and decoration is worthy of a rich mansion, for an income home very good.
During the First World War and Civil Wars, in the conditions of lack of money, the deficit of products and fuel, Tsvetaeva more often used the staircase of the black stroke. After all, it was necessary to wear not quite decent goods - wood waste for heating, modest food purchases. And to make things for sale or exchange for food also happened. The planning of the apartment was and saved surprisingly chaotic, many corners and surcharges, different levels of floors and ceilings.
During the last reconstruction, the Tsvetaeva Museum issued an exposure in the room previously inaccessible for inspection, the so-called guest. Initially, it corresponded to the name, then leased, giving at least some means to life.
Now the meaning of the old name partially returned, representing the circle of friends and guests of Marina, who visited her and in joy, and in the mountain. Preserved indoors and heating furnace, already as a museum exhibit.
Backlit from the inside the stand is used to show the hobbies of the hostess. Here are figurines and miniatures, notepads and notebooks, written accessories, books and paintings. 
On the contrary, on the platform, a white sofa has preserved, which has some special value. The big tablet presents an explanatory text to the entire exposition, on the wall of the painting of different genres and authors donated with familiar artists.
From the guest room - in the living room
Seen from the corridor, the family living room of Tsvetaeva has retained a genuine fireplace, ancient clock and a number of objects of the situation. The interior is complemented by a number of objects selected by the Museum staff from similar former samples. Over the fireplace, a portrait of a father of poetess in a paradine uniform, with an ordinar ribbon over his shoulder.
Surtuk Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences is decorated with several Russian and foreign awards for merits in the areas of history, archeology and art history. The photo was made in the studio of Fisher, the most prestigious photographer of Moscow, who removed the majority of prominent contemporaries.
The sofa in the style of an ampir and a chair with a high back (just such called Volterovski) were especially loved by Marina Ivanovna. The visitors are often interested in massive outdoor clock with a long pendulum and gigantic weights. 
In the glazed closet, a great porcelain dish that has retained the Tsvetaeva Museum. This is a gift of peasants grandfather Sergei Efron by Mother, Peter Dunovo, most likely with the abolition of serfdom. Curious and vases on the fireplace, and the screen for firebox with the eastern pattern of the middle of the XIX century.
The main living room is connected by the doorway with the musical, from the situation of which very few things remained. The room is a passage, connected also with the office of Tsvetaeva, and with a children's room. The piano is not original, the Tsvetaee Museum acquired a tool as requisite. The authentic predecessor was exchanged for a potato bag in the hungry 1920.
The atmosphere of the musical living room reminded Marina about the parent house, from where the old piano was taken out. On the wall hung the same portrait of Beethoven and photography of the mother, since childhood escaped children to music.
Cabinet Tsvetaeva and Children's Room
Cabinet Tsvetaeva served not only by the place of creativity, he was both a bedroom, and a boudoir, and a personal living room. Furnishing, lost in dashing years, is not just selected by the time analogy, but according to the actual similarity recognized by contemporaries. A wide tacht is covered with a motley bedspread, in front of the lip of the skin of a wolf. On the wall - a copy of the portrait of Sergei Efron in his youth, made by an unknown master or an amateur from the original artist Magda Naiman.
The desktop, the place of creative classes, was especially the roads of Tsvetaeva, but there are no reliable data about its authenticity. Chernoviki letters or poems under glass is possible to recognize, only approaching, - do it during a visit to the Tsvetaeva Museum.
A non-standard room, replete with angles, protrusions and niches, allowed to place only suitable objects on the configuration. Even the museum employees themselves cannot clarify why the planning of the usual profitable home is so intimidated.
In the corner beside the desktop stands the corner bookcase, the other would not fit. Behind the glass favorite books poetess, above - icon. A copy of the one under which the spouses were crowned. Over the table Portrait of Napoleon and Vrubel reproduction, creative colors colors. In the niche of the wall, the shelf was comfortably accommodated.
Children's room is the most spacious in the house, a small number of furniture This scope of eloquently emphasizes. The huge size of the chest served a bed of Nyan, while there were enough funds on her. The main object in the room is a baby's baby cot, with a doll on white decoration. On the wall - the image of frozen children, a crib - a wooden painted horse.
A massive wardrobe and a mirror in a simple face between the window openings, a small table in front of him with children's photographs furnished was exhausted. It remains to mention the garbage, the product is quite interesting, but unknown origin, and holy images placed in it. Children's - not only the biggest, but also the most illuminated room of the Tsvethevskaya apartment, given to his beloved daughter and reflected in her memories.
Passion Rooms and Cabinet Sergey Efron
To get to the room of the head of the family, you need to return from a children's return to the hallway, pass a number of stairs and climb mezzanine. On the way several corridors and niches will meet, incomprehensible at first sight of the destination. This transition clearly demonstrates non-standard planning at home, which is not similar to ordinary housing, intended for rent.
One of the niches near the furnace firebox contains a woven box of considerable sizes. This is either a box for linen or clothes, or a food container, although such volumes of reserves are unlikely to be unlikely. On the wall of the corridor, the Tsvetaeva Museum prudently placed the building scheme so that independent tourists do not come down from the way.
The lines of the tiny area of \u200b\u200bthe tenants, obviously never been used. The original table with a semicircular countertop and a couple of hurried chairs - all its non-suty furnishings. The sire sightseeing of the room is a view from the window to a typical Moskovsky courtyard with a jet of houses.
Cabinet Sergey Efron is recreated in a pre-revolutionary state, because after joining the white movement, he did not happen here. The first views of visitors are caught by a scarecrow of a giant eagle with outstretched wings, fortified over the sofa. Two sofas are completely different design later, when the Museum was created. Marina and daughter occupied this room in the summer in the absence of a husband, and in the last year before emigration no longer owned by this room.
The originality of the cabinet consisted in the presence of a roof of a nursery, turned into a fenced terrace. More noteworthy ceiling window opening, giving additional lighting and opportunity to see the moon and stars with clear nights. The desktop is almost empty, not counting the small bureau and the lamp with a green lamp. On the bedside table - photos of Sergey's relatives and the original statuette, imitating the sea wave. This is probably a symbol of Primorsky Koktebel, where future spouses met.
Historical exposition
Registration of a permanent exhibition, telling about the life path of Marina Tsvetaeva's wife, was made at similarly with the temporary jubilee exhibition. Although it is not excluded that it is temporary that will be the most durable. Describes in detail the events of life, service from Cornilov and cooperation with the NKVD, as well as subsequent emigration, there is no need. All stands are equipped with large-type headers, there are also explanations, and the exhibits themselves are sufficiently eloquent.
Many exhibits are relevant personally to Sergey Efron, part of it belonged to him. Pictures of different years have a special value. Documents and signs of military differences. Using the example of her husband, a typical fate of an honest Russian patriot, boring for the ideals of the white movement, but in the end, broken by propaganda and bribing the Bolshevik system. The punitive mechanism of the new government did not even gearly cooperating with him and at the slightest suspicions merciless karal.
Directly opposite the exit from the entrance you visited the Tsvetaeva Museum see a monument to poetess, and most of him carefully consider, some lay flowers. Marina is depicted in a long closed dress, in a thoughtful pose, sitting with elbows about the table and leaning his head to the detached brushes. Created and established a monument in 2007, performed the sculpture of Nina Matveyev.
The complex and tragic fate of Marina Tsvetaeva, who experienced a lot of personal tragedies and taking a bitter death, consonant with the observation of her poetic lines. The place of her burial is not quite reliably known, she was not otnet - it does not relieve suicide on Orthodox canons.
However, folk love made it possible to make an exception - Alexy seconds were expressed, blessing the funeral at the request of the sister of poetess, Anastasia. The request was supported by Deacon Andrei Kuraev, and sent off the sufferment to a large ascension from Nikitsky gates. It happened in the year of the 50th anniversary of her death, in 1991.
Poems are being: it's not a meter ...
"Life." This is such an abomination that sin should be left on the shoulders, already already burdened with wings.
M. Tsvetaeva.
Who from Muscovites does not know about a dog field? Here, north of Arbat, his unique world. A whole network of streets and lanes, divergent in different directions from the site, in the center of which the beautiful fountain rises, with a faceted red post with liones on the edges, with the face of the same fence, on which amurids with pipes are molded. One of the alleys, originating from the dog, so gently called the playground - Borisoglebsky. And in the alley there is a house at number 6. This house is a monument not once. Built in 1862, he has been living for more than 150 years, and therefore is an architectural monument. But the monument is also because it is located in it the memorial apartment poet of a global scale - Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva.
Yes, the dog site has long been no longer, there is no fountain and square. In their place now runs a wide and even arrow of a new Arbat. And Borisoglebsky lane stayed. He has been preserved in a three-ship lane, where Marina Tsvetaeva was born, there is no her own home in Zamoskvorechye, where the firstborn - Ariadne appeared, there is no temple of the Nativity of Christ in the glasses, where Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron were crowned. But the house in Borisoglebsky Lane has been preserved, the acquisition of which has become an event in the life of Tsvetaeva. The only one of the earth, about which the poetess will say "My Home".
Entrance to the House Museum M. Tsvetaeva
That's what I remembered the sister of Tsvetaeva Anastasia Ivanovna about the first story of Marina Ivanovna about a new home:
"I have already transported my stuff from the warehouse of the Stupina, where they stood on storage, to the mansion at the zoological garden, when Marina burst into me.
- Owl, found! No, I already found it really! That will be my home! You will like it! Do you know where? Borisoglebsky alley on the cook. "
Under No. 6 in Borisoglebsky Lane was 4 homes. Two - connected by cast-iron twisted gates - went out in the alley, two were stood in the yard. They formed a closed yard with jumpers of brick walls. At different times in different buildings under No. 6, Sisura Tsvetaeva lived. In the same house (Building No. 2) from February 1913 - Anastasia and in another (structure No. 1) from 1914 to 1922 - Marina. Because of this confusion, there are still misunderstandings from biographers.
"The well of coziness and magic", according to Anastasia, Ivanovna Tsvetaeva, called his Borisoglebsky house its owners - Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron.
Their daughter Ariadna Efron told: "They met - seventeen-year-old and eighteen-year-old - on May 5, 1911 on ... Koktebelsky, Voloshinsky shore. She gathered pebbles, he began to help her - a beautiful sad and gentle beauty of a young man, almost a boy ... with striking, huge, in the floor of the face with eyes ... Seryozha and Marina married in January 1912. "
Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron. 1911.
In 1912, their daughter was born, Ariadne. And in 1914, the spouses drove into the house in Borisoglebsky. Magic house, magic apartment. Apartment, extraordinary in its layout. But let's start with the porch - the opening trump card from the cast iron casting, based on two cast columns.
"In the summer and autumn evenings, Marina Ivanovna loved to sit on the porch of her house ... just as in the province. Here, on the porch, the guests took place. They came and sat at the steps and Anastasia Ivanovna, and Volkonsky, and Maya Kudashev. We talked a lot about the porch "- so recalled about the time writer Emily Mindlin.
We go to the house. On the first floor there were two apartments where the neighbors of Tsvetaeva lived. And we climb up the front staircase. Stained glass windows, flickering of the huge oval window of the mezzanine floor, the mirror between the first and second marches - the beginning of the way to the threshold of the apartment number 3, which will be a house in the house.
Main staircase
"I love the staircase: the idea and thing, I adore gradually overlooking - but the self-moving" modern "despise ..." - wrote Marina Tsvetaeva Faith Bunina on August 19, 1933.
Here we are at the entrance doors of the apartment. And again, with the words of the Tsvetaeva - "Right - a high door, double. In my opinion, she is a mahogany tree (I have not seen a red tree) ... you enter. The front of some strange shape, all of the corners, because one door is ahead, one somehow burned, glass. Right - Dark Corridor. The ceiling is high ... it all starts at this place! "
Living room "Blue Lunity"
Each room has its own name, his face. "The name is the soul" - said Marina Ivanovna. Name by name - Soul Sick. The living room with a ceiling window-lantern Tsvetaeva called the "blue moon."
"... the door opens - you are in a room with a ceiling window - immediately magically! On the right fireplace ... I suddenly delighted ... I already felt in this room that it was my home! Do you understand? Not at all like that. Who could live here? Only me! Such an apartment that you live in it for a long time, so everything is clear, just all that you did everything ... as in a dream! As I was looking for him for a long time, this is my home! " - told Marina sister.
Two red wood sofas were in the living room (one of the walls, on Ali's memories, - a long, uncomfortable, black - adhesive or leather - a sofa with a high back), a dark large buffet with dishes, under the ceiling window - "light well" - Round dining table. In addition to the light of the ceiling window - two braces of blue glass on both sides of the fireplace.
M. Tsvetaeva. On the turn of the hand of A.S. Efron "10th years, MC in an ancient chair"
Fight outdoor hours - and hours in the form of a camel standing on the chamber of the fireplace, Bust Pushkin (father's gift, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaeva), stuffed fox, vintage engraving on the walls. I remembered this room relatives and friends Tsvetaeva, who came to her house.
Alas, almost nothing of these things has been preserved. Marina Ivanovna experienced heavy posture-revolutionary years in this apartment. Many items were sold or replaced on products. Part of the furniture went to the firewood for the stove-bourgear, so that the house was warm and could be cooked. Light walls were covered with soak. This apartment has seen and happiness and mountain of Great Poets. Here she was waiting for news from the husband of White Guard, who went to the front, who joined the Cornilov army. More than four years in the separation, about three years not knowing - alive or not. But even in the most difficult days, friends came to the House of Tsvetaeva. In 1921, Boris Bessarabov lived in the living room with the ceiling window (by this time, Boris Bessarabov, and the poet Emily Mindlin, who was remembered - "Bourgeois ... did not flow - they stood our quiet evenings ... From my childhood, it was addicted to listen to fire and almost in the oven dipped face. Marina Ivanovna joked at me, called the "fireproken". Sophia of Garnis, and Osip Mandelstam, and Tikhon Churilin, as well as many others. Poets and writers, they walked into this house, they appreciated and loved Marina Tsvetaeva.
But come back to the apartment. From the living-dining room doors lead to the dark passing room with a piano - a music box and shelter from the bullets simultaneously or alternately. Here stood a piano, brought from Tarusa, who still belonged to Mother - Mary's virtuoso pianist Alexandrovna Tsvetaeva-Maine. Portraits, engravings on the walls, the skins of the brown and white bears on the floor, the tall wallpaper - wine-red with gold. And even in the most difficult times, during hunger and ruin, Marina Ivanovna played on this piano four hands with Prince Sergey Mikhailovich Volkonsky. And in the twentieth year, she exchanged the piano on the powder of rye flour.
Dark living room
From this room, the doors were led to two others. "High White Doors" swapped into the nursery, and the "little dark door" into the working room of Tsvetaeva.
From the story of the sister - "... feel good to doors - double doors, high - and suddenly you are in the hall! Hall, do you understand? On the right window - to the courtyard. Three windows. It will be Alina Children. Wonderful! They and Andryusha (Tsvetaeva's nephew) can run, as we ran in the hall ... and air balloons, red and green will fly, as we have - high ... Remember how we flew out? There will be Alino Childhood! "
Children's
Since "Everything in ... The family was bribers" in the nursery lived not only the poodle Jack and the smoky cat Kusaka, but also three squirrels in the cells on the windows. To the left of the door, on the memories of Ariadna Sergeyevna, there was a black stove-column, which was treated with coal, behind her - to the ceiling - Babushkin walnut cabinet, with books of three generations, and toys on the lower shelves, a cot with a grid, a chest on which nannia slept . Right - soft sofa. The mirror is in the simpleness between the windows. On the floor, the carpet is "gray with a growing pattern of leaves" ... from the marinine childhood, from the house in a three-headed and christmas picture with a dog, and paintings in Ramamarabot Mary Alexandrovna, grandmothers Ali, among them - copies of Gres. Alya will not forget the "girl with a bird" and above the bed - a portrait of a "sad boy in a velvet frame". "Children was spacious, no longer cluttered" (40 square meters). This room Alya later Delila with the younger sister of Irina, born in 1917 and deceased in 1920, a little without surviving his third birthday.
Alya with Irina. 1919
Ariadna Sergeyevna recalled - "In a child I was, Marina sought to develop from the cradle inherent in her very quality ... never dropping to the level of the child, and tirelessly like lifting it to meet him at one point, on which adult wisdom comes Child pristine, the identity of an adult with a small person. "
In my own diary, Marina Tsvetaeva writes about Ariadna: "There was no such creature - and will not. There were three-year-old geniuses in music - in painting - in poetry - etc. etc. - But there was no 3 years of genius - in the shower! "
And we get out of the children and go to the "little dark door" leading to the work room of Marina Tsvetaeva.
Room M. Tsvetaeva. Scan from the book "Borisoglebye".
"Mother's room was a holiday of my childhood, and this holiday had to be deserved. He began as soon as I crossed the threshold: they got a music box for me, I was given to twist the scarm handle, I was allowed to play with a turtle shell, to get on the wolf skin and look into the stereoscope ... "- so for myself I defined the role of the Ariadne Sergeevna's mother's room for himself. Memories - "In the polygonal, as it were, a faceted, this room, with a magic Elizavtian chandelier under the ceiling, with a wolf skin - a little frightening, but mounted - the skin of a low sofa, I came with a chilly of timidity and joy in the chest."
"I entered - mine, do you understand? Such a strange room is such a native ... by the window, to the courtyard ... I will put my written table ... And such angle in this room, it is small, but in it the spirit of the house! " - recalled Anastasia Ivanovna Sisters's story.
Table and photo of her husband.
The desk was donated by Marina Tsvetaeva to the 16th anniversary of the Father. Above the table on the right - a bright spot - a landscape, written by his mother, Maria Alexandrovna. Now at this place - a copy of the painting "Duel" Naumova, who was bought by Anastasia Ivanovna Tsvetaeva in memory of the one that hung in the bedroom of parents in the House of Childhood, in Trotternaya. In a small corner bookcase - books in French and German, the end of the XIX - early XX century, the same names in the Tsvetaeva library. On a simple couch (and on the memories of Ariadna Sergeyevna, there was a "wide and low ottoman, covered with a piece of East into a lilovato-green blurry strip of flip"), as well as velvet brown pillows. A portrait of her husband Sergei Efron hung over the couch, sitting in a lounge chair, the artist of Magda Magda Maximilianovna Nachman. The original portrait was lost. The exposition presents a copy made by photograph Anastasia Ivanovna, where this portrait is visible. On the floor - the wolf of the skin, similar to the one that was in this room.
And now I invite you to the second floor. According to the "Jacob stairs", the inner staircase leading to the mezzanine floor, to the window-medallion of the "part of the castle" or the wrong window, on the captain's bridge of the house-ship. Here is the beginning of the second level of the apartment.
"Staircase Jacob"
"Our visitors always led someone to us or from us, and our ancient half-storey apartment, with the inner staircase, all turned into motion, became a solid staircase, according to which, like biblical angels from" Sleep James ", again studiors ..." - Ariadna Efron told - "... the staircase ended the platform, a well-lit window; The doors of the large kitchen, ... Bathroom, Chulana and Restroom. Another, the last, the corridor led past a small room (where only everything was felt that the bed with a no coated mattress, a table, a chair and a linen cabinet) in daddy and not very light, because Part of it also ended in some kind of snout ... "
Room S. Efron.
But as Marina Tsvetaeva herself perceived this room - "... Sergeina room. Asya, do you know what? In my opinion, it is a cabin ... it seemed to me, there should be a porthole, behind him waves. And maybe it's all - the ship ... Yes, something shoelable is in this apartment - and this is such a charm ... "
Room S. Efron.
In 1919, Marina Ivanovna lived only in this room, along with both daughters. This is what she wrote about this time in his notebook in October 1919 - "I now live at all like I like: one room is an attic! - Sky is close, near Children: Irinins toys, Alina Books, - Samovar, Ax, Tumbler With Potato - These are the main actors of the Life Drama! "My books, my notebooks, a puddle from a leakage roof or a wide ray across the room, it could have been anywhere anywhere," there is an eternal: mother and children, poet and roof. "
The kitchen is located on the right of the inner staircase. The windows look at the south-east. Once they looked - on the flower bed in the yard, to the Church of Nikola on the couch legs, and, like today, in the Borisoglebsky alley. For a long winter, 1918-1919, Marina and daughters survived here.
Kitchen. Now there is an exhibition hall.
"It was possible (being me) - without playing - to live a whole year in the kitchen with a nanny and two children, ... to endure the messenger vendors, stand in the queue for Vobly, - Wash - Wash - Wash! All this, passionately wanted to write poems! - And be happy, "she reflects in his records in April 1919. And more - "We learned to love: bread, fire, tree, sun, sleep, hour of free time, - food became the meal, because hunger ... a dream became bliss, because" there is no longer my forces ", the little things were raised to Rite, everything became a pressing, spontaneous. "
A small wooden staircase from the kitchen leads to the attic. This is the third apartment level. An elongated, narrow room with a beveled ceiling under the roof itself, with a wide, almost all over the wall, a window and a small narrow window above the ladder. About how this room was used, its names are said: "Billiard", "officer" and - for all times - "delicious pigeon".
Delicious pigeon. Now another exhibition hall.
On July 1, 1921, Marina Ivanovna receives a letter from her husband. This is the first news about him, that he is alive. July 14 in the draft of her poem about Georgy Victorious dedicated to Sergey Efron:
O - in the world of monsters
George - conscience,
George - goodness,
George - weakness ...
………………………….
You are a flaw again
Rent a wife ...
………………………….
- So listen to the same!
The poem is broken. Red ink, huge letters:
"1 Russian<ого> July 1921
at 10 pm
letter from S.
- Georgy Victorious! - God! All Winged Suns!
- Thank you!".
In April 1922, Marina Tsvetaeva leaves from Russia with her daughter. Leaving to her husband. And for her, the seventeen-year-old separation from Russia begins with the house. In Borisoglebsky House Marina and Sergey will not return anymore.
What's the house? And the house survived. Survived miracle. It was outlined to demolish before the war, recognizing 70% worn out all the structural parts. He was densely overheated, he was tested for wear. But, fortunately, he was not demolished. He was renovated for the first time in 1962-1964. Repair was formal, infinite - replaced the "old" century oak doors and windows on raw "new", pine and lime. They painted the brown paint for the floor residues of mahogany, threw curly windows and stained glass windows. But the house survived!
Exhibition stand with personal belongings.
In the 50s, P. Antonticolsky, K. Powhovsky, I. Ehrenburg came to the house. We wanted - the future is a memorial plaque, but nothing came out. Later, more than once tried to do various volunteers, but always something somewhere "fired."
In October 1977, the poets of Tamara Zhimurskaya, Vladimir Leonovich, Natalia Genina decided to achieve publication. The house had to save. There was a luxurious, crazy thought: one apartment, as no time in the Scriabin Museum, is the Keepers, the other - the subsidiary and wardrobe, the third - the concert hall and the library, the fourth - Tsvetaeva - Memorial?!
In December 1978, a note "Memory of the Poet" appeared in the newspaper "Literary Russia". Following two more, already in January 1979. In the meantime, the roof flowed in the house, the tenants wrote complaints. It was decided to settle all and give the house with a finishing trust. Above him hung a real threat to complete restructuring. New attempts to save him led to collapse. From responsibility for the house, and therefore, all expenses for its repair and maintenance, without the right to rebuild everything. So far, the library has not connected to his salvation. ON THE. Nekrasov. In May 1986, the house was transferred to the library for departments, namely, the department of local history. At the same time it was decided that the house should have a concert and exhibition hall.
Beads are amber. M.I. was presented Tsvetaeva E.Ya. Efron.
The director was appointed Nadezhda Ivanovna Kataeva-Lykina. It was she who saved the house from destruction, kept and cherished him, lived and worked in him. Members of the local history club "Moscow", created with the Nekrasov library, together with other volunteers put the house in order, cleaned the basements, disassembled the attic, was looking for documents related to the life of the color and other residents of the house in the 10th and 20th. And all the collected stored in the apartment of Hope Ivanovna, who did not leave the exhausted house until he received a "security certificate" - the status of the cultural center.
Exhibition stand with photos of friends and relatives M. Tsvetaeva.
The official date of the foundation of the museum is November 1, 1990. On August 31, 1991, on the Day of the 50th anniversary of the death of the color, the opening of a memorial plaque took place. And on September 12, 1992, a year old Tsvetaeva - the opening of the museum.
The concept of the museum is designed by the hope of Ivanovna Kakaya-Lytkin. Since many things have not been preserved, in the memorial apartment they are replaced by similar objects, but later, for example, furniture of the end of the XIX - early XX century. They did it very scarpurally, tactfully to reproduce the situation of that time when the Marina Tsvetaeva lived in the house. The apartment was restored by memoir descriptions - according to the memories of Anastasia Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (sister) and Ariadna Sergeyevna Efron (daughters), family friends who were in this apartment and well-knew the details of the situation, the little things of life.
Letter S.Ya. Efron V.A. and A.K. Boengardians. Prague, 1922. Copy.
Even before the discovery, having learned that the museum to be, many Tileelas, collectors, Bibliophiles and writers began to bring to the Museum various things related to the life of Marina Ivanovna and her relatives and friends. So here there were three postcards from M. Tsvetaeva Prince A. Obolensky, dated 1923-1925. These are the first autographs of the poets who entered the museum fund. There are also other things that belonged to Marina Ivanovna - her dress, a wall mirror in the frame, a dressing table, a wall mat, drawn by Ariad Sergeyevna in the link in Turukhansk. And also books, paintings, photos, letters and memories, household items, dishes, decorations.
Now a museum is a little more than 20 years old, and its collection is not one thousand exhibits. And the gifts continue to do. Exhibitions, concerts, in the evening of memory are constantly being held here. The whole house is busy under the museum. The exhibition halls are on the first and on the second floors, the exposition is constantly changing.
Come to the Marina Tsvetaeva House Museum. He keeps the spirit of his era, in it of special air. Inhale it, enjoy them. I'm sure you will like it.
There are many text here, I hope you have enough strength to read. It is mainly composed of the memories of relatives relatives and close marina. I am very grateful to the Cultural Center "House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva", published by the book "Borisoglebye", for the materials of which I relied in my article.
Address:Moscow, Borisoglebsky Per., House 6, p.1. Travel: Art. m. "Arbatskaya". Map
Working hours: Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday -12.00 - 18.00, Thursday - 12.00 - 21.00
Day off - Monday
Sanitary day - last Friday of the month
Ticket price:adult - 100 rubles, preferential - 20 rubles
Third Sunday every month entrance is free.
Information
27-07-2016
Fair vacancies for youth "First step to success."
September 6, 2016. \u003e\u003e\u003e
25-07-2016
In August 2016, summer events at different sites of the city are held in the Marina Tsvetaeva House Museum, as well as in the museum building. There will be concerts within a month, a silent cinema session, accompanied by a body, performances, master classes, thematic events dedicated to writers, poets, cultural workers and art. \u003e\u003e\u003e
23-06-2016
In July 2016, events dedicated to the Day of Family, Love and Loyalty, and Events in the framework of the Cultural Weekend Promotion will be held at the Marina Tsvetaeva House Museum. Concerts, sampling sessions, accompanied by the body, performances, thematic events dedicated to writers, poets, cultural and art, cultural workers, will be held within a month. \u003e\u003e\u003e
12-05-2016
From October 8 to 10, 2016, the XIX International Scientific Conference dedicated to life, creativity and social surroundings of Marina Tsvetaeva will be held at the Marina Tsvetaeva House Museum, "so that there are two in the world: I and the world!" \u003e\u003e\u003e
15-04-2016
The new section of the site "Archives. Documents. Oncewives", dedicated to the publication of archival materials and research related to the name of both M. Tsvetaeva and its contemporaries. \u003e\u003e\u003e
Travel: Art. m. Arbatskaya, Tr. № 2, 44, auth. No. 6 to the Ost. "K / T October"Driving directions:
Mode of operation:
- Day off |
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T. | 12.00-19.00 |
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- 12.00-21.00 |
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PT * | 12.00-19.00 |
* Sanitary day - last Friday of the month
In the third Sunday of each month there is a free entrance to the Cultural Center "House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva" for all categories of citizens (in the mode of independent inspection of exhibitions and exposures).