Chichikov's meeting with Nozdrev in the tavern (analysis of an episode from the fourth chapter of the first volume of N.V.
Poem " Dead Souls Gogol in summary in 10 minutes.
Acquaintance with Chichikov
To the hotel provincial town a middle-aged gentleman of rather pleasant appearance arrived in a small chaise. He rented a room in the hotel, examined it and went to the common room to dine, leaving the servants to settle in their new place. It was a collegiate councilor, landowner Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov.
After dinner, he went to inspect the city and found that it was no different from other provincial cities. The visitor devoted the whole next day to visits. I visited the governor, the police chief, the vice-governor and other officials, each of whom he managed to win over, saying something pleasant about his department. For the evening he had already received an invitation to the governor.
Arriving at the governor's house, Chichikov, among other things, met Manilov, a very courteous and courteous man, and with a somewhat awkward Sobakevich, and behaved so pleasantly with them that he completely charmed them, and both landowners invited a new friend to visit them. The next day, at a dinner with the police chief, Pavel Ivanovich made acquaintance with Nozdryov, a broken-hearted boy of about thirty, with whom they immediately switched to you.
For more than a week, the visitor lived in the city, driving around to parties and dinners, he showed himself to be a very pleasant conversationalist, able to talk on any topic. He knew how to behave well, possessed gravity. In general, in the city everyone came to the conclusion that it was an exceptionally decent and well-meaning
human.
Chichikov at Manilov's
Finally Chichikov decided to visit the landowners he knew and set off for the country. First he went to see Manilov. With some difficulty he found the village of Manilovka, which was not fifteen, but thirty versts from the city. Manilov met a new acquaintance very cordially, they kissed and entered the house, letting each other pass through the door for a long time. Manilov was, in general, a pleasant person, somehow sugary-sugary, had no special hobbies, except fruitless dreams, and did not do the housework.
His wife was brought up in a boarding school, where she was taught three main subjects necessary for family happiness: French, piano and knitting wallets. She was not bad-looking and dressed well. The husband introduced Pavel Ivanovich to her. They had a little chat, and the hosts invited the guest to dinner. The Manilovs' sons Themistoclus, seven years old, and six-year-old Alcides, to whom the teacher tied napkins, were already waiting in the dining room. The guest was shown the scholarship of the children, the teacher only once made a remark to the boys when the elder bit the younger on the ear.
After dinner, Chichikov announced that he intended to talk to the owner about a very important matter, and both went to the study. The guest started a conversation about the peasants and offered the owner to buy dead souls from him, that is, those peasants who had already died, but were still alive according to the revision. Manilov could not understand anything for a long time, then he doubted the legality of such a deed of sale, but nevertheless agreed from
respect for the guest. When Pavel Ivanovich spoke about the price, the owner was offended and even took it upon himself to draw up the bill of sale.
Chichikov did not know how to thank Manilov. They said goodbye cordially, and Pavel Ivanovich drove off, promising to come again and bring the children some presents.
Chichikov at the Korobochka
Chichikov was going to make the next visit to Sobakevich, but it started to rain, and the crew drove into some field. Selifan unrolled the wagon so awkwardly that the master fell out of it and got dirty all over. Fortunately, the barking of dogs was heard. They went to the village and asked to spend the night in a house. It turned out that this was the estate of a certain landowner Korobochka.
In the morning Pavel Ivanovich met the hostess, Nastasya Petrovna, a middle-aged woman, one of those who always complain about the lack of money, but little by little amassing and collecting a decent fortune. The village was quite large, the houses were strong, and the peasants lived well. The hostess invited the unexpected guest to drink tea, the conversation turned to the household, and Chichikov offered to buy dead souls from her.
Korobochka was extremely frightened by such a proposal, not really understanding what they wanted from her. After much clarification and persuasion, she finally agreed and wrote Chichikov a power of attorney, trying to sell him hemp as well.
After eating pies and pancakes baked especially for him, the guest drove on, accompanied by a girl who was to take the carriage out onto the main road. Seeing the tavern, which was already standing on the high road, they put the girl down, who, having received a copper penny as a reward, wandered home, and drove there.
Chichikov at Nozdryov
At the tavern Chichikov ordered a pig with horseradish and sour cream and, sweeping it away, asked the hostess about the surrounding landowners. At this time, two gentlemen drove up to the tavern, one of whom was Nozdryov, and the second was his son-in-law Mizhuyev. Nostril, a well-built little one called blood and milk, with thick black hair and sideburns, ruddy cheeks and very white teeth,
recognized Chichikov and began to tell him how they walked at the fair, how much champagne they drank and how he lost at cards.
Mijuev, a tall, fair-haired man with a tanned face and a red mustache, constantly accused his friend of exaggerations. Nozdrev persuaded Chichikov to go to him, Mizhuev, reluctantly, also went with them.
I must say that Nozdryov's wife died, leaving him with two children, to whom he had nothing to do, and he moved from one fair to another, from one party to another. Everywhere he played cards and roulette and usually lost, although he did not hesitate to cheat, for which sometimes he was beaten by partners. He was cheerful, considered a good friend, but he always managed to screw up his friends: upset the wedding, break the deal.
At the estate, having ordered lunch for the cook, Nozdryov took the guest to inspect the farm, which was nothing special, and took two hours, telling stories incredible in lies, so that Chichikov was very tired. Dinner was served, some dishes of which were burnt, some were not cooked, and numerous wines of dubious quality.
The owner poured water for the guests, but he himself hardly drank. After lunch, Mizhuyev, who was heavily intoxicated, was sent home to his wife, and Chichikov started a conversation with Nozdrev about dead souls Oh. The landowner flatly refused to sell them, but offered to play cards on them, and when the guest refused, exchange them for Chichikov's horses or a chaise. Pavel Ivanovich also rejected this offer and went to bed. The next day, the restless Nozdryov persuaded him to fight for souls in checkers. During the game, Chichikov noticed that the owner was playing unfairly, and told him about it.
The landowner was offended, began to scold the guest and ordered the servants to beat him. Chichikov was saved by the appearance of the police captain, who announced that Nozdryov was on trial and accused of inflicting personal offense on the landowner Maksimov with drunken rods. Pavel Ivanovich did not wait for the denouement, rushed out of the house and left.
Chichikov at Sobakevich's
An unpleasant incident happened on the way to Sobakevich. Selifan, lost in thought, did not give way to a carriage that was overtaking them, drawn by six horses, and the harness of both carriages was so messed up that it took a long time to harness. In the carriage sat an old woman and a sixteen-year-old girl, whom Pavel Ivanovich really liked ...
Soon we arrived at the Sobakevich estate. Everything there was solid, solid, solid. The owner, fat, with a face like a cut down with an ax, very similar to a learned bear, met the guest and led him into the house. The furniture was to match the owner - heavy, durable. On the walls were paintings depicting ancient generals.
The conversation turned to city officials, each of whom the owner gave negative characteristic... The hostess came in, Sobakevich introduced her guest and invited him to dinner. The lunch was not very varied, but tasty and satisfying. During dinner, the owner mentioned the landowner Plyushkin, who lived five miles away from him, where people were dying like flies, and Chichikov took note of this.
Having dined very tightly, the men retired to the drawing room, and Pavel Ivanovich got down to business. Sobakevich listened to him without saying a word. Without asking any questions, he agreed to sell dead souls to the guest, but he charged the price for them, as for living people.
They bargained for a long time and agreed on two and a half rubles per capita, and Sobakevich demanded a deposit. He drew up a list of peasants, gave each a description of his business qualities and wrote a receipt for the deposit, astonishing Chichikov with how sensibly everything was written. They parted happy with each other, and Chichikov went to Plyushkin's.
Chichikov at Plyushkin's
He entered big village, striking in its poverty: the huts were almost without roofs, the windows in them were tightened with bull bubbles or stuffed with rags. The manor's house is large, with many outbuildings for household needs, but all of them are almost collapsed, only two windows are open, the rest are clogged with boards or closed with shutters. The house gave the impression of being uninhabited.
Chichikov noticed a figure so strangely dressed that he could not immediately recognize whether it was a woman or a man. Paying attention to the bunch of keys on his belt, Pavel Ivanovich decided that it was the housekeeper, and turned to her, calling her "mother" and asking where the master was. The housekeeper told him to go into the house and disappeared. He entered and was amazed at the disorder that reigned there. Everything is covered in dust, there are dried bits on the table, a bunch of strange things are piled up in the corner. The housekeeper came in, and Chichikov again asked the master. She said that the master was in front of him.
I must say that Plyushkin was not always like this. Once he had a family and was just a thrifty, albeit somewhat stingy owner. His wife was distinguished by hospitality, the house was often visited by guests. Then the wife died eldest daughter ran away with an officer, and her father cursed her, because he could not stand the military. The son went to the city to enter the civil service. but enrolled in the regiment. Plyushkin cursed him too. When the youngest daughter died, the landowner was left alone in the house.
His avarice took on terrifying proportions, he dragged into the house all the rubbish found in the village, right down to the old sole. The rent was collected from the peasants in the same amount, but since Plyushkin was asking for an exorbitant price for the goods, no one bought anything from him, and everything rotted in the master's yard. Two times his daughter came to him, first with one child, then with two, when she brought him gifts and asked for help, but the father did not give a penny. His son lost and also asked for money, but also received nothing. Plyushkin himself looked like if Chichikov had met him near the church, he would have given him a penny.
While Pavel Ivanovich was pondering how to start talking about dead souls, the owner began to complain about the hard life: the peasants are dying, and the tax has to be paid for them. The guest offered to cover these costs. Plyushkin gladly agreed, ordered the samovar to be put down and the remains of the Easter cake brought from the pantry, which the daughter had once brought and from which the mold had to be scraped off first.
Then he suddenly doubted the honesty of Chichikov's intentions, and he offered to build a fortress of sale for the dead peasants. Plyushkin decided to give Chichikov some fugitive peasants, and after bargaining, Pavel Ivanovich took them for thirty kopecks. After that, he (to great pleasure host) refused lunch and tea and left, being in a great mood.
Chichikov launches a scam with "dead souls"
On the way to the hotel, Chichikov even sang. The next day he woke up in a great mood and immediately sat down at the table to write the deeds of sale. At twelve o'clock he got dressed and, with papers under his arm, went to the civilian ward. Leaving the hotel, Pavel Ivanovich ran into Manilov, who was walking towards him.
They kissed so that then both had toothache all day, and Manilov volunteered to accompany Chichikov. V civil chamber it was not without difficulty that they found the official who dealt with the bills, who, having only received a bribe, sent Pavel Ivanovich to the chairman, Ivan Grigorievich. Sobakevich was already sitting in the chairman's office. Ivan Grigorievich gave instructions to the same
the official to complete all the papers and collect witnesses.
When everything was properly arranged, the chairman suggested injecting the purchase. Chichikov was about to deliver them champagne, but Ivan Grigorievich said that they would go to the police chief, who would only blink an eye to the merchants in the fish and meat rows, and a wonderful dinner would be prepared.
And so it happened. The merchants considered the police chief their own man, who, although he robbed them, did not repent and even willingly baptized the merchant's children. The dinner was magnificent, the guests had a good drink and ate, and Sobakevich alone drank a huge sturgeon and then did not eat anything, but only sat silently in an armchair. Everyone was amused and did not want to let Chichikov leave the city, but decided to marry him, to which he gladly agreed.
Feeling that he had already begun to say too much, Pavel Ivanovich asked for a carriage and in the prosecutor's droshky arrived at the hotel completely drunk. Parsley with difficulty undressed the master, cleaned his suit, and, making sure that the owner was fast asleep, went with Selifan to the nearest tavern, from where they went out in an embrace and fell to sleep across on the same bed.
Chichikov's purchases caused a lot of conversations in the city, he took an active part in his affairs, discussed how difficult it would be for him to resettle such a number of serfs to the Kherson province. Of course, Chichikov did not spread that he acquired dead peasants, everyone believed that they had bought the living, and a rumor spread around the city that Pavel Ivanovich was a millionaire. The ladies who were very presentable in this city immediately became interested in him, went only in carriages, dressed fashionably and spoke exquisitely. Chichikov could not help but notice such attention to himself. Once they brought him - anonymous love letter with verses, at the end of which it was written that his own heart would help him to guess the one who wrote.
Chichikov at the Governor's Ball
After some time, Pavel Ivanovich was invited to the governor's ball. His appearance at the ball aroused great enthusiasm among all those present. The men greeted him with loud exclamations and strong hugs, the ladies surrounded him, forming a multi-colored garland. He tried to guess which of them wrote the letter, but he could not.
Chichikova was rescued from their entourage by the governor's wife, who was holding a pretty sixteen-year-old girl by her arm, in whom Pavel Ivanovich recognized the blonde from the crew that had collided with him on the way from Nozdryov. It turned out that the girl was the governor's daughter, who had just graduated from the institute. Chichikov turned his full attention to her and spoke only to her, although the girl got bored from his stories and began to yawn. the ladies did not like this behavior of their idol at all, because each had its own views on Pavel Ivanovich. They became indignant and condemned the poor schoolgirl.
Suddenly, Nozdryov, accompanied by the prosecutor, appeared from the drawing room, where a game of cards was going on, and, seeing Chichikov, immediately shouted to the whole room: What? Did you sell a lot of the dead? Pavel Ivanovich did not know where to go, but the landowner, meanwhile, with great pleasure began to tell everyone about Chichikov's swindle. Everyone knew that Nozdryov was a liar, nevertheless his words caused confusion and rumors. Upset Chichikov, anticipating a scandal, did not wait for the end of dinner and went to the hotel.
While he, sitting in his room, cursed Nozdryov and all his relatives, a rattle car with Korobochka entered the city. This club-headed landowner, worrying if Chichikov had deceived her in some cunning way, decided for herself to find out how much the dead souls are today. The next day, the ladies stirred up the whole city.
They could not understand the essence of the scam with dead souls and decided that the purchase was made to divert the eyes, but in fact Chichikov came to the city to kidnap the governor's daughter. The governor's wife, hearing about this, interrogated her unsuspecting daughter and ordered Pavel Ivanovich not to receive any more. The men, too, could not understand anything, but they did not really believe in the abduction.
At this time, the province was appointed new general- the governor and the officials even thought that Chichikov had come to them in the city on his behalf for a check. Then they decided that Chichikov was a counterfeiter, then that he was a robber. interrogated Selifan and Petrushka, but they could not say anything intelligible. They also talked with Nozdrev, who, without batting an eye, confirmed all their guesses. The prosecutor was so worried that he suffered a blow and died.
Chichikov knew nothing about all this. He caught a cold, sat in his room for three days and wondered why none of his new acquaintances came to visit him. Finally he recovered, dressed warmly, and went to visit the governor. Imagine Pavel Ivanovich's surprise when the footman said that he was not ordered to receive him! Then he went to other officials, but everyone received him so strangely, had such a forced and incomprehensible conversation that he doubted their health.
Chichikov leaves town
Chichikov wandered around the city for a long time without a goal, and in the evening Nozdryov turned up to him, offering his help in kidnapping the governor's daughter for three thousand rubles. Pavel Ivanovich understood the reason for the scandal and he immediately ordered Selifan to lay the horses, and he himself began to collect things. But it turned out that the horses had to be shod, and they left only the next day. When we drove through the city, we had to miss funeral procession: the prosecutor was buried. Chichikov drew the curtains. Fortunately, no one paid attention to him.
the essence of the scam with dead souls
Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov was born into a poor noble family. Giving his son to school, his father told him to live economically, behave well, please teachers, be friends only with the children of wealthy parents, and most of all value a penny in life. All this Pavlusha conscientiously performed and was very successful in this. not disdaining to speculate edible. Not being distinguished by intelligence and knowledge, by his behavior he earned a certificate and a certificate of commendation at the end of the school.
Most of all he dreamed of a calm rich life, in the meantime, denied himself everything. He began to serve, but did not receive a promotion, no matter how he pleased his boss. Then after visiting. that the boss had an ugly and no longer young daughter, Chichikov began to look after her. It even got to the point that he settled in the boss's house, began to call him dad and kissed his hand. Soon Pavel Ivanovich received a new position and immediately moved to his apartment. and hushed up the matter of the wedding. Time passed, Chichikov prospered. He himself did not take bribes, but received money from his subordinates, who began to take three times more. After some time, a commission was organized in the city to build some kind of capital structure, and Pavel Ivanovich settled there. The building did not grow above the foundation, but the members of the commission set themselves beautiful big houses... Unfortunately, the head changed, the new one demanded reports from the commission, and all the houses were confiscated to the treasury. Chichikov was fired, and he was forced to start his career anew.
He changed two or three positions, and then he was lucky: he got a job at customs, where he showed himself with better side, was incorruptible, was the best at finding contraband and deserved a promotion. As soon as this happened, the incorruptible Pavel Ivanovich conspired with a large gang of smugglers, attracted another official to the case, and together they pulled off several scams, thanks to which they put four hundred thousand in the bank. But one day the official had a falling out with Chichikov and wrote a denunciation on him, the case was solved, the money was confiscated from both, and they themselves were fired from customs. Fortunately, they managed to avoid trial, Pavel Ivanovich had some money hidden, and he began to arrange life again. He had to act as an attorney, and it was this service that prompted him to think about dead souls. Once he was bothering to bail several hundred peasants of one ruined landowner to the board of trustees. In the meantime, Chichikov explained to the secretary that half of the peasants had died out and he doubted the success of the case. The secretary said that if the souls are listed in the revision list, then nothing terrible can happen. It was then that Pavel Ivanovich decided to buy up more dead souls and put them in the board of trustees, receiving money for them as if they were alive. The city in which we met with Chichikov was the first on his way to the realization of his plans, and now Pavel Ivanovich, in his chaise drawn by three horses, drove on.
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Chichikov met Nozdrev earlier, at one of the receptions in the city of NN, but the meeting in the tavern was the first serious acquaintance with him for both Chichikov and the reader.
We understand what type of people Nozdryov belongs to, first seeing his behavior in the tavern, his story about the fair, and then reading the direct author's description this "broken guy", " historical person", Having" a passion to spoil his neighbor, sometimes for no reason at all. " We know Chichikov as a completely different person - sedate, serious, collected. However, there is a hypothesis that all the landowners visited by Chichikov are to some extent his doubles, with all of them he has something in common. In particular, they are united with Nozdrev by the fact that they are both cheats in one way or another, but Nozdrev is a “disinterested” rogue, and Chichikov is a cheat-entrepreneur. However, despite the similarity of this inner seed, their characters and manner of behavior are different. This can be traced back to the material of the episode in the tavern.
Chichikov stops at a tavern with a specific and natural purpose - to give the horses a rest and refresh themselves. He belonged to the "masters middle hand", Which have a wonderful stomach -" an enviable gift of heaven ", as the author says about it. Therefore, Chichikov orders a serious dish - a pig, and certainly with horseradish and sour cream. While eating, he asks the hostess about everything related to running a tavern, her family wealth, and finds out what landowners live in the neighborhood. In general, he does not forget about his main business for a minute. Why Nozdryov, who wasted, lost, and does not have the money to pay even for a glass of vodka, stopped at the inn, does not become clear. Most likely, he stopped because he simply could not drive past any tavern, knowing that it was often possible to meet someone there, to start another adventure.
And so it happened. Nozdryov was "lucky" to meet Chichikov, while the latter can only sympathize, because for him it was the beginning of an adventure that was hardly interesting and desirable. Nozdryov, entering the tavern, immediately fills the entire space with himself; Chichikov, Nozdryov's son-in-law, and the hostess, who manages to offer a new visitor, who has forgotten that it is customary to dine in taverns, just a glass of anise, go into the background. Nozdryov is immensely glad to see Chichikov, introduces him to his son-in-law as a kindred and pleasant person to him, convinces him that he sees in their acquaintance and meeting almost an interference of fate itself: “Mizhuyev, look, fate has brought him together: well, is he to me or to him?” ... True, no respect can be seen in his attitude: he addresses exclusively "you", calls our hero "brother Chichikov" and during the whole conversation does not allow him to insert practically a word. Without even waiting for an answer to the greeting, Nozdryov declares that he is from the fair, but he lost so much that he came to the "philistine", while he himself bends Chichikov's head so that he could see his "carriage" through the window. And then follows a story about what the fair was like, who and how they reunited. At the same time, sometimes Nozdrev forgets that Chichikov is not familiar either with his friends or with the circumstances of his life: "I promised him a brown mare, which, remember, I exchanged with Khvostyrev ... Chichikov, however, never saw a brown mare or Khvostyrev when he was born." ... And sometimes he attributes to Chichikov such properties that the latter does not possess at all, but which Nozdryov himself would like to see in him. In particular, he is convinced that Chichikov would certainly have gotten along with Lieutenant Kuvshinnikov, so much so that he would not part with him. Meanwhile, Kuvshinnikov is a cheat and a bootie, a gambler who is "both in galbik and banchishka", red tape, giving compliments to the ladies in French and calling it "to use about strawberries". Chichikov would never have been able to get along with such a person. For Nozdryov, a person is good or bad, depending on how much he is able to drink and drink. The larger a person's revelry is, the better he seems to Nozdryov. That is why Kuvshinnikov, the headquarters captain Kisseuyev, who calls burgundy a "wineskin", is wonderful, and therefore with a disapproving laugh he notes Chichikov's intention to go to Sobakevich - after all, you will not find a "bunchy" or "a good bottle of some kind of bonbon" at Sobakevich. So, obeying the persuasion of the restless Nozdryov and his desire to lure the dead souls out of him, Chichikov decides to stop by the "hospitable" landowner. It is unlikely that he would have dared to do this, open up to him even for a second, how this hospitality would turn out.
Unlike Nozdrev, Sobakevich cannot be counted as people in the clouds. This hero stands firmly on the ground, does not indulge himself with illusions, soberly evaluates people and life, knows how to act and achieve what he wants. With the character of his life, Gogol is in everything ...
Gogol is a great realist writer, whose work has become firmly embedded in Russian classical literature. Its originality lies in the fact that he was one of the first to give the broadest image of the county landlord-bureaucratic Russia. In his poem "The Dead ...
Poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls is the greatest work of world literature. In the mortification of the souls of the characters - landowners, officials, Chichikov - the writer sees the tragic mortification of humanity, the sad movement of history in a closed ...
Russian empire the first quarter of the 19th century was a great power. The Russian army defeated Napoleon and took Paris. Emperor Alexander dictated his terms to all of Europe. The Decembrist uprising was still far away. It seemed that Russia had entered a new brilliant ...
N.V. Gogol. The author published it in 1842. He originally planned a three-volume work. In 1842 the first volume was published. However, the second, almost finished, was destroyed by the writer himself (several chapters from it were preserved in the drafts). The third, however, was not even started, there is only isolated information about it. Therefore, we will consider the attitude of Chichikov to Nozdrev only on the basis of the first volume of the work. Let's start by getting to know these characters.
Who are Chichikov and Nozdrev?
Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a former official, and now a schemer. This retired collegiate counselor was engaged in buying up "dead souls" (that is, written testimonies of deceased peasants) in order to mortgage them as living, to get a bank loan and gain influence in society. He looks after himself, dresses smartly. Chichikov even after dusty and long road manages to look as if he just visited a barber and a tailor.
Nozdryov is a 35-year-old brave "talker, boozer, reckless driver." This is the third landowner in the work with whom Chichikov decided to bargain for dead souls. Let's try to answer the question of how Chichikov felt about Nozdrev. To do this, you should trace the entire history of their relationship.
Acquaintance of Chichikov with Nozdrev
In the first chapter of the work, their acquaintance takes place, during lunch with the prosecutor. Then the heroes accidentally collide in the tavern (fourth chapter). Chichikov goes from Korobochka to Sobakevich. In turn, Nozdryov, together with Mezhuev, his son-in-law, returns from the fair, where he lost and drank everything, including the crew. The landowner immediately lures the Gogol swindler into his estate. It is clear that Chichikov wanted from the landowner Nozdrev, why he agreed to go with him - he was interested in "dead souls".
Having delivered the guests, the landowner immediately begins to show the farm. Nozdryov begins with the stable, then talks about the wolf cub that lives with him and eats only raw meat... Then the landlord goes to the pond. Here, according to his stories, only two fishermen together can pull them out. This is followed by a show of the kennel, where Nozdryov looks like "the father of the family" among the dogs. After that, the guests go to the field, where, of course, the hares are caught with their hands. It is clear that Chichikov's attitude to the landowner Nozdrev after all this boasting is unlikely to be positive. After all, this hero is very shrewd.
Booze and its consequences
The landlord is not very concerned with dinner. Only at 5 o'clock do the guests sit down at the table. He explains that food is not the main thing in his life. But Nozdryov has a lot of drinks, and he does not have enough available ones and he invents his own incredible "compositions" (champagnon and bourguignon together, brandy that gives off fuselage, "with a taste of cream"). At the same time, the landowner spares himself. Chichikov, noticing this, imperceptibly pours out his glasses.
Nevertheless, the "sparing" himself the owner in the morning comes to him in one dressing gown and with a pipe in his teeth. He assures, as befits a hussar hero, that "the squadron spent the night" in his mouth. It doesn't matter if you have a hangover or not. The only important thing is that a decent reveler must certainly suffer from it. What was Nozdryov's attitude to Chichikov? Best of all, it is revealed by a quarrel that occurred during the bargaining.
Quarrel between Chichikov and Nozdrev
The motive of this false hangover is also important to the author in another respect. During the bargaining that took place the night before, Nozdryov had a big quarrel with Chichikov. The fact is that he refused to play cards for "dead souls", as well as buy a stallion of real "Arab blood", and get souls "in the bargain." Thus, Nozdrev's attitude to Chichikov's proposal requires justification. However, the evening cockiness of the landowner cannot be attributed to alcohol, as well as to explain the morning peacefulness by oblivion of what was done in a drunken stupor. Nozdryov in his actions is guided by only one mental quality: unrestrained, bordering on unconsciousness.
Checkers game for souls
The landowner does not plan, does not contemplate anything, he simply does not know the measure of anything. Chichikov, having agreed (very recklessly) to play checkers on the soul (since checkers are never marked), almost becomes a victim of Nozdryov's revelry. The souls at stake are estimated at 100 rubles. The landowner moves 3 checkers at once with his sleeve and thus puts one of them into the king. Chichikov has no choice but to mix the figures.
The play on the souls emphasizes the essence of both heroes, and does not simply reveal how Chichikov treated the landowner Nozdrev. The latter asks for 100 rubles for souls, and Chichikov wants to bring the price down to 50. Nozdryov's attitude to Chichikov's proposal is as follows: he asks to include in the same amount or some puppy. This landowner, being an incorrigible gambler, does not play for the sake of winning at all - he is interested in the process itself. Nozdryov is annoyed and angry about the loss. The ending of the game is predictable and familiar - it is a conflict that turns into a fight.
Flight of Chichikov
At the same time, Chichikov thinks primarily not about physical pain, but about the fact that the courtyard people will witness this unpleasant scene. But the reputation should be maintained by all possible means. The hero resolves the conflict that threatens his image in the usual way - he flees. Subsequently, when the whole city becomes aware of the purchase of "dead souls", he does the same. Chichikov's attitude to Nozdrev, their cheating deal is a parody of entrepreneurial activity... She complements the characteristics of both characters, demonstrating the vulgarity and baseness of the gentlemen of the "middle hand".
It seems that the massacre of Chichikov is inevitable. The landowner shouts in excitement: "Beat him!" The guest is saved only by the appearance of the police captain, a formidable man with a huge mustache.
Scene at the Governor's Ball and Nozdryov's Visit
Chichikov hopes that he will no longer see Nozdryov. However, these heroes will have to meet twice more. One of the meetings takes place at the governor's ball (chapter eight). In this scene, the buyer of "dead souls" was almost destroyed. Nozdryov, unexpectedly colliding with him, shouts at the top of his voice that this is a "Kherson landowner" who "trades in dead souls." This gives rise to many incredible rumors. When, finally entangled in different versions, officials of the city of NN call on Nozdryov, he, not at all embarrassed by the inconsistency of all these opinions, confirms them all (the ninth chapter). Chichikov allegedly bought dead souls worth several thousand, he is a counterfeiter and a spy, tried to take away the governor's daughter, and priest Sidor had to marry the young for 75 rubles. Nozdryov even confirms that Chichikov is Napoleon.
In the tenth chapter, the landowner himself informs Chichikov of these rumors, to whom he pays an uninvited visit. Nozdryov, once again forgetting about his insult, offers him help in "taking away" the governor's daughter, and for only 3000 rubles.
The inner world of Nozdryov
This landowner, like other heroes of Gogol's poem, seems to transfer the outlines of his own soul to the outlines of everyday life. Everything at his house is stupidly arranged. Wooden goats stand in the middle of the dining room, there are no papers or books in the office, allegedly Turkish daggers hang on the wall (Chichikov sees the name of the master on one of them - Savely Sibiryakov). Nozdryov calls his favorite hurdy-gurdy organ.
Gogol compares the depraved and upset soul of the landowner with this spoiled organ, which played not without pleasantness, but in the middle something went wrong, since the mazurka ended with the song "Malbrug went on a campaign", which, in turn, ended with some familiar waltz. Already the landowner had long ceased to twirl it, but in this barrel organ there was one lively pipe, which did not want to calm down, and for a long time was whistling alone. Of course, in the crippled souls of Gogol's heroes, these "God's pipes" are quite remarkable, sometimes whistling on their own and confusing well-thought-out, impeccably and logically planned scams.
How Chichikov reveals himself in his relationship with Nozdrev
Chichikov's attitude to Nozdrev reveals the inner world of Gogol's swindler. Running away from the landowner who is making another "story", the hunter for "dead souls" cannot understand why he went to the estate, why he trusted him, "like a child, like a fool." However, it was not by chance that he was seduced by this landowner: by nature, he is also an adventurer who, in order to achieve selfish goals, without a twinge of conscience, can step over all moral laws. Finishing disclosing the topic "Chichikov's attitude to Nozdrev", we note that the former is capable of lying, deceiving, and even shedding a tear, while the former is no less capable than the latter.
Poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls" - one of greatest works in world literature. VG Belinsky wrote: "Dead Souls" by Gogol is a creation so deep in content and great in creative concept and artistic perfection of form that it alone would have supplemented the absence of books in ten years ... "
Gogol worked on his poem for 17 years: from the initial idea (1835) to the last fragments and strokes (1852). During this time, his plan changed. As a result, in his work, the writer gives the opportunity to see the whole of contemporary Russia, shows many different characters and types of people.
The plot of "Dead Souls" consists of externally closed, but internally very interconnected links: individual portraits of people who Chichikov visits, trying to turn the main "little business" of his life - the purchase of "dead" souls. Each of these links helps the author to reveal in more detail and deeper the ideological and artistic design Gogol.
The poem has a very wide coverage of the social system of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century: here there are officials, peasants, and, of course, landowners. The gallery of serf-owners was written out by Gogol especially clearly.
One of the landowners with whom Chichikov communicates in the course of the action is Nozdryov. It is interesting that the behavior of this particular character will be the main impetus for the disclosure of the scam that the main character conceived.
Chichikov is a good psychologist, he knew people and felt their weaknesses. With none of the landowners (Manilov, Korobochka, Sobakevich) the hero was not mistaken in his calculations. But Nozdryov, due to his unbridled temperament, turned out to be completely unpredictable. In relations with him, Chichikov was mistaken, and this mistake cost him dear.
It is important to note one more point: Chichikov goes to all the landowners himself, clearly thinking over his plan, finding out all possible information about these people. And the meeting with Nozdryov happened unexpectedly, in a tavern (chapter four).
The reader immediately becomes aware that the heroes have known each other for a long time: “Chichikov recognized Nozdrev, the one with whom he dined with the prosecutor and who in a few minutes got along with him on such a big foot that he began to say 'you', although, by the way , for his part, he did not give any reason for that. " This short recollection gives a clear idea of how Chichikov really relates to this landowner.
The analyzed episode has practically no effect on the development of the plot (apart from Chichikov's decision to visit Nozdrev). Therefore, it is rather difficult to determine its place in the canvas of the work, but this episode cannot be called out-of-plot either. Compositionally, it contributes to the development of the action of the entire novel.
In form, the episode is a conversation between Chichikov, Nozdryov and his son-in-law Mizuev. But in fact, this is Nozdrev's monologue, his story about how he took a walk at the fair. The hero's speech is interspersed with short but apt author's characteristics, which gives a deeper understanding of the inner world of this image.
Gogol describes Nozdryov as follows: “He was of average height, a very well-built fellow with full ruddy cheeks, teeth white as snow, and pitch black sideburns. He was fresh, like blood and milk, health seemed to sprinkle from his face. " Thus, the landowner appears to be something like “ peasant son". Indeed, in terms of education and upbringing, he has not gone far from the people he commands.
Nozdryov is extremely rude to people. When he asks Chichikov to look at the chaise in which he arrived, "he himself bent Chichikov's head so that he almost hit it against the frame." The hero's speech, manner of expressing himself and behaving is also not distinguished by sophistication. The master screams, scolds and constantly kisses with Chichikov, thus expressing his location. Chichikov, however, is uncomfortable with such familiarity.
Nozdryov calls the protagonist "piggy" and "cattle breeder" because he was not at the fair. The hero constantly complains that Chichikov did not go out with him: “Oh, brother Chichikov, that is how I regretted that you were not there. I know that you would not part with Lieutenant Kuvshinnikov. How would you get along well with him! " This opinion about Chichikov is perplexing to the reader. Knowing the biography of the protagonist, it is impossible to assume that he is an inveterate carousel. Most likely, Nozdryov confused him with someone. This once again proves the unpredictability of the landowner's actions and thoughts. And Chichikov does not even have the opportunity to argue with him, because Nozdryov does not allow anyone to say a word.
It is important to note that the landlord's speech testifies not only to his ignorance and rudeness, but also to the fact that he is an inveterate gambler. The hero very often uses words from the jargon of gamblers (“bent a duck”, “could break the bank”, “play with a doublet”). And buying a puppy at the fair suggests that Nozdryov is also a hunter: "A real face ... I, I confess, have been sharpening my teeth for a long time." Thus, the circle of interests of our hero fully corresponds to how many of the then serf-owners spent their lives.
Due to his openness in expressing feelings and sufficient recklessness in business, Nozdryov gives the impression of a stupid, impulsive master who, for the sake of pleasure, can squander his entire estate. But, as we will see later, this opinion is erroneous. Gogol specifically uses the default technique in disclosure this image to create intrigue. This indicates a great writing skills the author of the poem "Dead Souls".
Chichikov met Nozdrev earlier, at one of the receptions in the city of NN, but the meeting in the tavern was the first serious acquaintance with him for both Chichikov and the reader.
We understand what type of people Nozdryov belongs to, first seeing his behavior in the tavern, his story about the fair, and then reading the direct author's description of this “wretched fellow”, “historical man” who has “a passion to shit on his neighbor, sometimes for no reason at all ”. We know Chichikov as a completely different person - sedate, serious, collected. However, there is a hypothesis that all the landowners visited by Chichikov are to some extent his doubles, with all of them he has something in common. In particular, they are united with Nozdrev by the fact that they are both cheats in one way or another, but Nozdrev is a “disinterested” rogue, and Chichikov is a cheat businessman. However, despite the similarity of this inner seed, their characters and manner of behavior are different. This can be traced back to the material of the episode in the tavern.
Chichikov stops at a tavern with a specific and natural purpose - to give the horses a rest and refresh themselves. He belonged to the "gentlemen of the middle hand" who have an excellent stomach - "an enviable gift of heaven," as the author says about him. Therefore, Chichikov orders a serious dish - a piglet, so that by all means
With horseradish and sour cream. While eating, he asks the hostess about everything related to running a tavern, her family wealth, and finds out what landowners live in the neighborhood. In general, he does not forget about his main business for a minute. Why Nozdryov, who wasted, lost, and does not have the money to pay even for a glass of vodka, stopped at the inn, does not become clear. Most likely, he stopped because he simply cannot drive past any tavern, knowing that it is often possible to meet someone there, to start another adventure.
And so it happened. Nozdryov was “lucky” to meet Chichikov, but one can only sympathize with the latter, because for him it was the beginning of an adventure that was hardly interesting and desirable. Nozdryov, entering the tavern, immediately fills the entire space with himself; Chichikov, Nozdryov's son-in-law, and the hostess, who manages to offer a new visitor, who has forgotten that it is customary to dine in taverns, just a glass of anise, go into the background. Nozdryov is immensely glad to see Chichikov, introduces him to his son-in-law as a person who is kindred and pleasant to him, convinces him that he sees in their acquaintance and meeting almost the interference of fate itself: “Mizhuyev, look, fate has brought him together: well, is he to me or to him?” ... True, no respect can be seen in his attitude: he turns exclusively to "you", calls our hero "brother Chichikov" and during the whole conversation does not allow him to insert practically not a word. Without even waiting for an answer to the greeting, Nozdryov declares that he is from the fair, but lost so much that he came to the “philistine”, while he himself bends Chichikov's head so that he can see his “carriage” through the window. And then follows a story about what the fair was like, who and how they reunited. At the same time, sometimes Nozdryov forgets that Chichikov is not familiar with either his friends or the circumstances of his life: “I promised him a brown mare, which, remember, I exchanged with Khvostyrev ... ... And sometimes he attributes to Chichikov such properties that the latter does not possess at all, but which Nozdryov himself would like to see in him. In particular, he is convinced that Chichikov would certainly have gotten along with Lieutenant Kuvshinnikov, so much so that he would not part with him. Meanwhile, Kuvshinnikov is a rogue and a thug, a gambler who is “both in galbik and in a banchishka”, red tape, giving compliments to ladies in French and calling it “to use about strawberries”. Chichikov would never have been able to get along with such a person. For Nozdryov, a person is good or bad, depending on how much he is able to drink and drink. The larger a person's revelry is, the better he seems to Nozdryov. That is why Kuvshinnikov, the headquarters of Captain Kisseuyev, who calls Bordeaux a "wineskin", are beautiful, and therefore he notes with disapproving laughter Chichikov's intention to go to Sobakevich - after all, you will not find any "banchishka" or "a good bottle of some kind of bonbon" with Sobakevich. So, obeying the persuasion of the restless Nozdryov and his desire to lure the dead souls out of him, Chichikov decides to stop by the "hospitable" landowner. It is unlikely that he would have dared to do this, open up to him even for a second, how this hospitality would turn out.
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