All you need to know about Damien Herst. Damien Herst - one of the richest artists in 1991 Damien Hurst

Damien Hearst and his shark

Become a brand is an important part of life. That is our world.

Damien Hurt, artist

A certain courage is required to behave as if you know exactly what is good or, even more importantly, what will be considered good in the future. In the world of art, this is a question of faith: just some people possess a little, but others are not. Disagreements arise at that moment when it is necessary to decide which category a specific person belongs to.

Nick Pumgarten. Days and nights in Leo Kenig Gallery. The New Yorker magazine

Briton Damien Hirst, the creator of stuffed sharks at $ 12 million, is one of those rare artists who can be said about: they change our idea of \u200b\u200bart and career in art. In the forty years, Herst "cost" 100 million pounds sterling, that is, more than Picasso, Andy Warhol and Salvador Dali at this age, taken together, - and these three may well lead the list of artists who intended their success with money. Francis Bacon, a former short time with the owner of auction record among modern British artists, died in 1992 at the age of 82, leaving behind the property for 11 million pounds. It is difficult to imagine two more unlike, even contrastful artistic destinies than Francis Bacon's fate and Damien Hirst.

Do you mean the amount named that Hurst as an artist can be put on a floss with Picasso or Warhol? History of Damien Hirst - his work, its prices, his shark and a hundred client Charles Saatichi - can serve as a good introduction to the story of some objects, which today are recognized as conceptual art, and about the role of the artist in promoting his work and in the establishment of high prices for such art .

Hearsh was born in Bristol and grew up in Leeds. His father mechanic repaired and sold cars: Mother was an amateur artist. Damien first studied at the art school in Leeds, then, after two years of work on the construction sites of London, the London College of St. Martin tried to enter and in some college in Wales. In the end, he was admitted to Goldsmith Art School in London.

Many United Kingdom Art Schools perform a rather strange function: they collect students who failed to enter a real college. But the Goldsmith School in the 1980s was not at all; She attracted a lot of talented students and inventive teachers. Goldsmith introduced an innovative program that did not require the ability to draw or write with paints. Since then, such a model of art education has gained widespread.

As a school student "Goldsmith", Hearst regularly visited the morgue; Later he said that many topics of his works originate there. In 1988, he oversaw the famous exhibition FREEZE ("Freeze") in the empty building of the Londonian administration in London docks; The exhibition featured the work of seventeen school students and his own creation - a composition of cardboard boxes painted by painted latex paints. The exhibition FREEZE itself was also the fruit of Hurst's creativity. He himself selected work, ordered the catalog and planned the opening ceremony. The money for the organization of the exhibition, he took from the Canadian company Olympiad York, which was engaged in the construction of the CANARY Wharf business complex on the territories of the port. When the norm "Rosenthal from the Royal Academy of Arts said that he would get lost in the port area. Hearst met him and personally took to the exhibition. Freeze has become a startpoint for several YBA union artists; In addition, the well-known collector and patron of art Charles Saatchi drew on Hearst. If we talk about further fate in art, the release of the Goldsmith school, who participated in this exhibition, - Hearst, Matt Kolishou, Gary Hume, Michael Landy, Sarah Lucas and Fiona Rey, became the most successful in the history of Great Britain.

In 1989, Hearst graduated from school. In 1990, along with each other Carl Friedman, he organized another exhibition, Gambler ("gambling player"), in the hangar, in the empty building of the Bermondsey plant. Saatchi visited this exhibition; Friedman recalls how he stood with the open mouth before installing the Hearst called the "Thousand Years" - a visual demonstration of life and death: there in glass citrine appeared from the eggs of the flier of flies to crawling behind the glass partition to food - rotting cow's head.

Flys were hatched from the larvae, which then died on the naked wires of the "electro swatter". The visitor could see the "Thousand Years" today, and then come again in a few days and see how the cow's head decreased during this time and rushed a slide of the dead flies. Saatichi acquired this installation and suggested Harst money to create future works.

Thus, in 1991, Hurst created the "physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" for the money of Saathchi. He described the idea of \u200b\u200bhis shark in an interview published in the very first issue of Frieze magazine. "I like when the subject symbolizes the feeling. Shark scares, she is more in the environment that is unfamiliar to you. Dead, she looks like a living, and lively - to the dead. "

The names of Hirst always represent an integral part of the work, and a considerable part of the meaning invested in the work is contained in the title. If the shark was called simply "shark", the viewer would have full right to say: "It is necessary, the real shark" - and move on. But the name "the physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" causes the viewer of the very beginning Mother of the meaning invested in the work. The name, by the way, caused no less disputes than the shark itself.

In January 2005, against the background of severe hype on the sculpture in the world of art, the "physical impossibility" was acquired by Steve Cohen. Later, in the same year, Hearsh agreed to replace the shark carcass that came into disrepair. He called Vika Hislop - to that fisherman, who in 1991 he acquired the first shark, and ordered three more tiger and one big white shark of the same size and ferocity as the original. Hislop sent a herst as much as five sharks, one of them as a free app. All of them were frozen and delivered to the hangar of the former airport in Gloucestershire. In the shark, which Herst chose to replace the first, downloaded about 850 liters of formaldehyde - ten glad more than in the first, and at a higher concentration. The new incarnation of sharks was put up in the Kunsthouse Museum in Bregense (Austria) as part of Re Object, exhibitions of works of pop culture, where work was also attended: Marseille Dushan and Jeff Kuns. In September 2007, the new shark was sent by the Sea to the New York Metropolitan Museum, where it will be exhibited during the next three years.

Shark Hirst was not the first. In 1989, two years before Kherst, a person named Eddie Sonders put another shark in his electroma market - a golden-hammer. In 2003, Akula Sonders appeared, in the International Gallery of Stakists in East London, with a signature, "Dead Shark is not art." Stakists - an international movement covering 40 countries; They oppose conceptual art like sharkhech stuffed, as well as against directions in art, known as anti-artism.

Sonders emphasized that he not only caught the shark, put out in his showcase, but also shark herself is much more prettier. Sonders put his shark for sale for 1 million pounds sterling signed: "New Year's sale: shark for just 1 million pounds; Save 5 million pounds compared to a copy of Damien Hirst. " Earnings on this considerable fame, he did not start a single commercial offer.

One of the properties that attach the value to the work of art is its uniqueness, the fact that there are no exactly the same works and will never. The engraving or sculpture can exist in several copies, but the size of the series is always known. It was possible to expect the Hearst to create new version of the shark in order not to reduce the cost of the first shark belonging to the goat. But Hearsh acted otherwise. In early 2006, he opened the first exhibition in Latin America, in the Hilario Galguera gallery in Mexico City; The exhibition was called the Death of the Lord. Its central exhibit was the sculpture of "Wrath of God" - another tiger shark in formaldehyde. 11a This time this is a stuffed half-one-meme shark - the one that the peak Hislop added for an even account - made and installed by German masters under the supervision of the artist. The new shark was sold before the opening of the exhibition for 4 million dollars Museum of Samsung Corporation in Seoul (Korea). Steve Cohen did not publicly comment on a sudden replenishment in the shark family, nor the threat that the three remaining in the refrigerator is Hurst Akula.

So the same, in addition to sharks, is one of the richest artists of the world? Harst works can be divided into six categories. The first group makes up works - "Aquariums", which he himself relates to the "Natural History" series; In "Aquariums" - reservoirs with formaldehyde - as a rule, contains the bodies of animals, integer or prepared. It may be not only sharks, but also cows or, let's say sheep. Herst describes these creatures as "frozen in death," they express "the joy of life and the inevitability of death." The first shark followed the canned sheep sold, as stated for 2.1 million pounds.

The second category is a long-standing "Card-china" series of Herst, in which medical and pharmaceutical lockers are presented with collections of surgical instruments or jackets from the drugs. At the exhibition in Mexico City of Jorge Vergara, president of the Mexican company for the production of vitamins, paid $ 3 million for "Blood of Christ", installation from paracetamol tablets in a medical locker. In June 2007, Spring Lullaby Kherst - a cabinet with 6136 manually made by different tablets laid down on the razor blades - installed the record of the price paid ever at the auction for the work of the living artist on the London auction. 9.6 million pounds were paid for the "lulling" (19.1 million dollars); The previous record belonged to Jasper Jones and amounted to $ 17 million, and the record for Hurst himself was paid a month earlier on the New York auction for the "winter lullaby", work in the same series, and amounted to $ 7.4 million.

The third large series of hurst includes so-called point pictures - colored circles (fifty or more) on a white background with correct rows: they are called point pictures, as a rule, but the names of drugs. Location to the medicine "Makes thinking about powerful means of exposure, winging from a combination of different, including contrasting elements.

Renal paintings are the hands of Herst's helpers. The master indicates which paints to use and how to place the circles, but it does not even touch the canvas. Apparently, it is very important who from the helpers take! This picture. Hearsh somehow said that "the best of all who painted the circles for me was Rachel. It was brilliant. Absolutely, damage, ingenious. The best thing you can buy from my point paintings, painted Rachel. " Hearst loudly declares his rights to the concept of point paintings: Once he sued a subsidiary of British Airways, accusing CE in violation of copyright. The fact is that the company used colored colored circles in its advertising. All British newspapers wrote about this. In May 2007, at the New York Auction "Sotby", a point picture of 194x154 cm was sold for $ 1.5 million.

Pictures of the fourth category - picture of rotation - are created on a rotating pottery circle. It is said that in the process of "drawing" of such a picture of a horst in a protective overalls and glasses stands on a stepladder and throws paint on the rotating base - canvas or board. From time to time he commands the assistant: "still red" or "turbidar". Hearsh says that the main advantage of the paintings of rotation is that "it is easy to draw badly". According to him, he tried to even smear the Mop paints, but the picture still looked. Each such picture is a visual representation of the energy of random. The pictures of rotation presented in Mexico City were different from earlier dark paints and the image of the skull in the center.

Fifth category - paintings with butterflies. According to one version, it is a collage of thousands of individual wings. But the other is tropical butterflies on canvas painted in some kind of color glossy paint paint. Butterflies are another touch towards the old theme of life and death. These works are created by technicians in a separate studio in Hackney. One of the first pictures with the butterfly acquired the football player David Beckham for 250 thousand pounds of sterling.

London Kherst dealer, "White Cube", sold 400 paintings with butterflies and rotation patterns and 600 point paintings. Prices reached up to 300 thousand pounds per picture. The smallest point picture is 20x20 cm - sold in the gallery for 20 thousand pounds. Signed photographers of the point painting "Valium", issued by a circulation of 500 copies, were sold out 2500 dollars. These facts help to understand how Damien Hirst managed to forty years old to acquire a state at 100 million pounds and why comparisons with earnings Picasso may be deceptive.

Some works of Hirst combine signs of several categories. So, the cabinet with fish to the formaldehyde solution can be attributed to the file series, and to the "aquarium"; And the purpose of the artist here is the same as in the point picture, is the creation of a composition of color and form. The names of such works, as always in Hirst, are meaningful and should attract additional attention, as, for example, "insulated elements floating in one direction for the sake of understanding."

Finally, the last category of the work of Hurst was first shown in the Gagosyan Gallery in New York in March 2004. The exhibition included 31 photorealistic oil painting, which made some critics notice: "Yes, he really knows how to draw!" The exhibition was called "Damien Herst: Explanatory Truth", and large canvases took six gallery rooms. The plot of most paintings was violent death. One of the pictures was called "cocainist, abandoned by society": the other, depicting the scene in the morgue, is "opening and disperse human brain."

In an interview, this in Gagosyan's gallery, Hearst pointed out that these works, like a shark and paintings with colored circles and butterflies, made by a group of helpers. In the creation of each picture several people participate, so no one can call himself the author of this work of art. Hearsh himself adds several smears and signature. In another interview, he said that he could not write with oil and if it would really deal with this, then the buyer will receive a disgusting picture. Regarding how ethically, to sign the works created in four studios with the participation of forty assistants, he said: "I like it when the factory produces things, while things are separated from ideas, but I would not like if the factory had performed ideas "

Those who praised the exhibition said that Herst meditates on the topic of death in the tradition of Marseille Duzane and Andy Warhol. Art critic Jerry Salz from Village Voice magazine commented on this: "The best thing that can be said about these canvas is that Hurst works in the interval between the painting and the name of the artist: Damien Herst makes the paintings by Damien Hirst. Pictures themselves are just labels, brand carriers. Like "Prada" or "Gucci". You pay more, but get a buzz from possessing a brand. By paying from 250 thousand to 2 million dollars, a spacecraft or a speculator can acquire a work that is only the name. "

All work was sold on the very first day of the exhibition at Gagosyan, and the maximum price is 2.2 million dollars - almost equal to the then record of Herest, sculpture in the form of a medical locker. Hearste imitates fashionable designers in the fact that it sells in parallel with the branded products "Mass Seri". Those of visitors who cannot afford a picture of a hurst or a larger signed by a photo can purchase T-shirts.

Branding, as you know, increases the price of ordinary things, therefore the social activity of brand artists like Herst comes down very often to money and publicity. On the eve of the new, 1997, Harst with friends of Jonathan Kennedy and Matthew Freud (relatives of the artist Lucien Freud and the distant relative Zigmund Freud) opened in Notting Hill Bar and a restaurant called "Pharmacy". The form developed "Prada", Furniture - Jasper Morrison, and Herest himself filled the hall with sculptures in the form of medical lockers and paintings with butterflies. In the toilets, let's say, stood lockers with latex gloves and medical candles. Cocktails were called "Detox" and "Voltarol Action Speaker". Herst Laž installed the green neon cross in the restaurant, as in front of the entrance to the real pharmacy.

The restaurant immediately attracted artistic parties and celebrities like Hugh Grant, Madonna and Kate Moss. Many newspapers wrote about the "pharmacy" - but the royal pharmaceutical society filed a claim to the fact that the name "Pharmacy" misleads patients. Hearst decided to use the hype to the full coil and offered every few weeks to change the name of his restaurant on all sorts of anagram words Pharmacy ("Pharmacy"): Today, the restaurant will be called Achy Ramp, tomorrow - Army Chap ... But the newspapers stopped writing about the scandal, and all calmed down. To the title "Pharmacy" added the words "Bar and Restaurant", and the green cross before the entrance was removed.

"Pharmacy" closed in 2003. Specialist in the modern art of the house "Sotby" Oliver Barker saw accidentally from the bus, as the sign disassemble, and offered to arrange auction. 150 items from the restaurant were exhibited for sale; Barker himself said that this is the first in the 259-year history of Sotby auction, fully compiled from the works transferred to the commission of one living author. Hearst developed a cover for the catalog, and he himself became a collective value.

The situation "Pharmacies", previously estimated at 3 million pounds, brought a striking amount at auction - 11.1 million. Auction personally visited 500 people; 35 employees accepted offering offering. The canvas with butterflies "Full love" was sold to the London dealer Timothy Taylor for 364 thousand pounds; Competed with him Harry Blaine from the "Olen Boca", which represented the owner of Kristi Francois Pinot. But Blaine went for 1.2 million pounds Medical locker "Fragile Truth", one of the pair of six-party medical lockers from the Pharmacy bar.

Six ashthers from the "pharmacy" that were supposed to sell for 100 pounds, brought 1600 pounds. Two martini glasses, rated at 50-70 pounds, were sold for 4800 pounds. London Dealer Aliya Fajonato paid 1440 pounds for a couple of invitations to a birthday party. The pepper and salt set left for 1920 pounds. Forty rolls of gold restaurant wallpapers made by the design of Hirst brought 9,600 pounds. Bidding on six dining chairs of Jasper Morrison's dining chairs reached 2500 pounds, when one of the bidders present in the hall called the amount of 10 thousand pounds - right on the textbook, the illustration for the subculture "I should get it" when money no longer matter.

Earlier, Hearst concluded an agreement that allowed him to redeem his works from those who received the property after the bankruptcy of the restaurant, for 5 thousand pounds. The investment of capital turned out to be successful if we recall that the auction was sold by 11.1 million pounds. Stuffing "Pharmacies" As artworks sold at auction brought over one evening more than the restaurant for six years.

Is it inherent in the modern art of Hirst inner meaning, or his works only borrow it in brilliant names? Virginia Button, Curator Gate Modern Gallery, argues that the inner meaning is available. She called "the physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" "cruelly honest and aimed at confrontation" and said about Kherst that "he draws attention to the paranoid denial of death, which pierces our culture."

Many people share the Batton's look at the significance of the work of Hirst. To make sure this is enough to look at the list of awards received for ten years. In 1995 - the Turner Prize, awarded to the British artist, who has not reached 50 years. The premiums were awarded a sculpture consisting of two pairs of glass boxes with a narrow pass between them.

Each showcase of one pair contains half the crown cut vertically along the nose to the tail. In the second pairs of the showcases - the same cleared calf. All together wears the name "Mother and Child divided", which again illustrates the market value of the name, which forces the viewer to interpret the object itself. Why is the cow? The horse is too a noble animal, and the relationship with the viewer will not feel the viewer.

In May 2003, Herst became the first artist whose work was sent to space. Its point pattern with colored circles was used as a table for calibrating the tool at the British Bigl apparatus, started at whereas part of the Mars-Express program of the European Space Agency (see photo). The picture of the British rock band Blur was applied to the picture, which was supposed to be sounded from the probe as a signal to landing the device. On the Christmas Eve 2003, Beagle hit the surface of Mars at a speed of 225 km / h; Landing module, and with him and a point painting of the journey crashed to smash. Another point painting appeared in the film Meg Ryan "Kate and Leopold", where the art and culture of the 20th century was represented.

The most incredible story associated with the Kherst brand occurred with E. Gill, the reporter of the Sunday Times newspaper. Jill had an old portrait of Joseph Stalin's brushes of an unknown artist. He said that the portrait "hung over the desk and helped in particularly difficult cases"; At one time, 200 pounds were paid for him. In February 2007, Jill appealed to "Christie" with a proposal to exhibit a portrait for ordinary trading in the middle of the week. The auction house refused, saying that he did not trade or Hitler nor Stalin.

Well, then we would gladly take it.

Jill called Damien Herst and asked to paint Stalin on the portrait of a red nose. Herst did that, adding his signature at the nose at the same time. In such a state, Christie took a portrait for sale and provided an estimate of 8-12 thousand pounds. Those who wanted to buy a portrait turned out to be many, and seventeen sentences later, when the auctioneer's hammer finally sank, the price of the paintings was 140 thousand pounds. In the end, it has a herst signature.

The last Hurst project, which made a lot of noise, is an image of a human skull in a genuine value; The skull itself is copied with a European skull at the age of about 35 years, who deceased somewhere between 1720 and 1810; The teeth in the skull are inserted real. Skull-prototype Herst himself acquired in one of the Isilington taxider shops. 8601 industrial diamond shared weighing 1100 carats are encrusted in the skull; They cover it completely, like pavement (see photo). Sculpture is called "For the love of God", or just "for God's sake"; It seems that these words said Mother Hirst, having heard about the topic of the project. Hearsh says his skull continues the tradition of Memento Mori - skulls on the ancient paintings that had to remind the death and fragmentation of all things. It is also a reference to the Aztec tradition - after all, Hurst is now spending a third of each year in his second house in Mexico City. He emphasizes that the buyer will acquire not just decorated with jewelry skull, namely the context - and, as it seems to me, a serious security problem.

In the center of the forehead skull there is a large pale pink diamond at 52.4 karat of standard diamond cut; They say it costs 4 million pounds - although the numbers call different. Hearsh somehow said that the manufacture of a skull cost him 12 million pounds; His business manager Frank Dani called the amount of 15 million pounds. Masters made from the Jewelry company Bemley & Skinner on Bond Street, and Harsh himself carried out creative leadership. It is argued that it was the largest order obtained by British jewelers after corona jewels; In the skull, three times more diamonds than in the crown of the Empire. The Ready skull was exhibited in June 2007 in the London Gallery "White Cube" in the Maifer region; The exhibition was called "incredible." The skull was covered at the top of the darkened room and illuminated only by the rays of several narrow-controlled lamps: the audience was allowed in time, groups of ten people and no more than five minutes.

The work was put up for sale for 50 million pounds that Frank Danuchi described as "inexpensive." Cheap or not, but such a price could not not get into newspapers headlines. The "white cube" also proposed a limited edition of the silkographic images of the skull at a price of 900 and 10 thousand pounds; Those that are more expensive were manufactured using diamond crumb.

In September 2007, ten weeks after the appearance in public, the skull was acquired by a group of investors, as the same Frank Danafi said, "at a full price, besides in cash." Hearste retained a stake in 24% for himself, so investors had to pay for the rest of 38 million pounds. The price is 50 million pounds - immediately made a diamond skull the most expensive works of the living author. Among other things, the deal undertakes investors for two years to exhibit a skull in museums. Buyers themselves say that they intend to later resell the work of Herest.

It does not have to be surprised that the "white cube" considers Harst to be the most skillful marketer among artists around the world. Nor about the work of art, except for "For Love to God," never wrote in hundreds of publications a year before it is created. The artist Dinos Chepman called the skull of the work of genius - but the genius is not in art, but in marketing.

What does all this tell us? First, that today it does not matter whether the work has been created really hand of the famous master or not; It is enough that the brand artist makes a conceptual contribution to it and that the work is related to his name. The foundation for the success of Damien Hirst is a strong brand and production with serious quality control. The point painting with the signature of Herest has a considerable value; The same picture of his assistant Rachel is not worth nothing. In addition, it turns out that the uniqueness of the work of art is not so important, as previously thought. The second version of the shark also brought very good money.

Now, at the age of forty-two years, Damien Herst exceeds any of the living artists in wealth, fame and, probably, power. He lives in the rural estate Toddington Manor in Gloucestershire with the wife of Maya Norman and three children. When the money was the central part of the existence, and Andy Warhol, and Salvador Dali lost part of their creative gift. Will it happen to Harst? He says that it will cease to release paintings with butterflies, with colored circles and pictures of rotation, because they do nothing they get his creative development, although they bring income. He will continue to work on photorealistic paintings and will make at least another shark.

What is Hearst owes his position and high prices: talent or brand? Why is he famous? Because his work is shocking and thereby hold the attention of the public? Because Charles Saatichi paid for the "physical impossibility" a high price and topics glorified the artist? Or is it famous just because it is famous? Is it really a social commentator and offers spectators deep reflections on death and decomposition? It is unlikely that there are at least two criticism that would equally respond to these questions. One thing is clear: ignore the work of Harst and his talent in marketing and branding is impossible. His brand gives rise to fame, and his art attracts people who in other circumstances maybe never went to look at modern art. In addition, his art generates many poisonous and angry comments in the media.

Jerry Salz says: "We laugh at Hurst, over his dealers and his collectors; We say that they have a bad taste and an incorrect system of values. They make fun of our old-fashionedness and moneyless grinding. We do not tell each other anything new. The only thing that matters is the art of always winning. " When I asked one of the auctioneners "Christie" the question of values, he shrugged: "Would I buy a hurser? Not. But we do not dictate and do not impose tastes, they create the market - we only sell artwork with the hammer. "

Damien Hirst. or Damien Hearst (eng. Damien Hirst., June 7, Bristol, United Kingdom) - one of the most expensive existing artists and the most prominent figure of the Young British Artists Group (English. Young British Artists). He dominates the British art scene since the 1990s.

Death is a central topic in his work. The most famous series of artist - Natural History.: Dead animals (such as shark, sheep or cow) in formalin. Sign work - "The physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" (eng. ): Tiger shark in aquarium with formaldehyde. The sale of this work in 2004 made it the second of the most expensive living artists (after Jasper Jones). In March 2007, the exhibition Damien Heurst, named SuperStitionwas sold in the amount of more than 25 million.

During the 1990s, his career was closely connected with the collector of Charles Saatchi, but the growing differences led to a gap in 2003.

Biography

Career

Damien Hirst became known in 1988 as a young impresario exposure called "Freeze" (at that moment the fashion was briefly approved by the name in one word). The place of action was an empty building in the area of \u200b\u200bthe London port, next to the Thame. Hearst together with fellowship from Goldsmith College, an educational institution of innovative orientation, announced a new vector of development of Western European art, which ended the "revival of painting of the 80s" and revived interest in everyday banalities, sexual insinuations, harsh realities of life and death. Another feature, the solid proportion of irony and street humor, caused a generation of Richard Peterson, Sarah Lucas, Gary Hume, Yen Davenport and Herst himself enhanced the interest of art dealers and the artistic public.

In 1991, the first personal exhibition of Hurst, IN AND OUT OF LOVE, passed in Woodstock Street Gallery in London; He also had a personal exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts Institute of Contemporary Arts, and in Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery in Paris. At the same time, Herst met Jay Jopling art dealer Jaj Jopling, who represents his interests to today.

In 1992, the first exhibition of "young British artists" was held in the Saatche Gallery Saatchi Gallery in the north of London. The work of Herest was called The Physical Impossibility Of Death In The Mind Of Someone Living And he was a shark floating in formaldehyde in aquarium. The work cost Saatichi at 50,000 pounds. Shark was caught by a fisherman in Australia and had a price of 6,000 pounds. As a result, Hurst was nominated for a terner award that was awarded Grenville Davey. In 1993, the first noticeable appearance of Kherst was on the Venital Biennale with the work "Divided Mother and Child" Mother and Child Divided.

In 1994, Hurst was a curator show Some Went Mad, Some Ran Awayin Serpentine Gallery in London, where he presented Away From The Flock (Sheep in aquarium). In 1995, Hearst received the Turner Prize.

In 1998, the autobiographical book of Hurst was published I Want to Spend The Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One To One, Always, Forever, Now. In 1999, he rejected the invitation to represent the UK on the Venital Biennale.

In September 2000, in New York, the exhibition Hurst was held Damien Hirst: Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings. 100,000 people visited the exhibition for twelve weeks and all work was sold.

In December 2004. The Physical Impossibility Of Death In The Mind Of Someone Living Saatchi was sold to American Collector Steve Cohen for $ 12 million. The work was given to the MOMA collector in New York. In 2007, Damien Herst established another price record, creating one of the most expensive modern sculptures - a skull, covered with diamonds (the total number of which is 8601). The price of the masterpiece from platinum, diamonds and human teeth, called "For the Love of God" is about $ 100 million.

Work

• IN AND OUT OF LOVE (1991), Installation.
• The Physical Impossibility Of Death In The Mind Of Someone Living (1991), Tiger shark in aquarium with formalin. It was one of the works nominated for the terner prize.
• Pharmacy.] (1992), reproduction of a pharmacy in a variety.
• A Thousand Years. (1991), Installation.
• Amonium Biborate. (1993)
• Away From The Flock (1994), Dead sheep in formaldehyde.
• ArachiDic Acid. (1994) painting.
• Some Comfort Gained From The Acceptance of the Inherent Lies in Everything (1996) Installation.
• Hymn. (1996)
• Two Fucking and Two Watching
• The Stations of the Cross (2004)
• THE WRATH OF GOD (2005)
• "The INESCAPABLE TRUTH", (2005)
• "The Sacred Heart Of Jesus", (2005).
• "Faithless", (2005)
• "The Hat Makes De Man", (2005)
• "The Death Of God", (2006)
• "FOR THE LOVE OF GOD", (2007)

Records D. Hursta

• In 2007, the work "For the sake of love for God" (platinum skull, inlaid by diamonds) was sold through the "White Cube" gallery of the investor group for a record for the currently surfactant artists of $ 100 million.

In 2007, Damien Herst established a price record, creating one of the most expensive objects of contemporary art - the skull, covered with diamonds (the total number of which is 8601). The cost of the skull, which has become an icon of contemporary art, is about $ 20 million. For comparison - the annual turnover of the purchase of precious stones in Ukraine reaches only $ 10 million. The price for which an anonymous group of shareholders was sold from platinum, diamonds and human teeth "in the name Love of God "(" For the Love of God ") is about $ 100 million. Thus, the skull inlaid by diamonds became one of the most expensive products at the cost of the works of contemporary art.

Damien Herst is the most expensive artist from now living. He was born on June 7, 1965 in the north of England in the fifth largest British town of Leeds. The father of the future artist worked as a simple mechanic. He left a family when Demin was 12 years old, and in the future the boy's education was engaged in his mother - the believer of Catholic, named Mary. Herst graduated from art school in Leeds, and then entered the university of London's Fine Arts. In the early 90s, Hearst became one of the leaders of the movement of young artists Circle Catchee - "Young British Artists". YBA is one of the central phenomena of the British Art of 90s. In 1991, Charles Saatchi offered Huars to finance any work conceived by him, and in 1992, at the exhibition in the Saatchi gallery, one of the first legendary works of the artist - "the physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" was exhibited. A shark floating in aquarium filled with formalin, Saatich cost 50 thousand pounds of sterling and became one of the milestones of modern British art.

In the future, Herst often used in his work of chewished animals - flies, butterflies, young bull, etc. In 1992, Damien Hirst created another hit - the work of the "Thousand Years" ("Thousand Years"), an aquarium with flies of flies that feed on rotting meat, grow, become adults and immediately dying in an electric trap for insects.

Youth today's multimillionaire artist spent very violently. Throughout the 90s, Hirst had serious problems with drugs and alcohol, a hooligan reputation was tightly entrenched. At that time, he was completely unbridled, for example, could easily put a cigarette on the tip of his penis and try to "see" her in front of his shocked public. In the end, Hirst for obscene behavior was even brought to the blacklist in his beloved Pite Center - Groucho Club London.

In the early 2000th, the artist tied up with stimulants. The period of abstinence was heavy - in 2002 he had to disperse for a while with his civil wife, American Maye Norman, who hardly endured the complicated nature of the "right hurs". The former deboschir was still able to become an exemplary family man: today he lives with Maya and the three sons - Conor (1995), Cassie (2000) and Cyrus (2007) - in his old estate in the north of the County Devonshire. The birth of a younger son through a cesarean cross section Hearst devoted a piercing series of new picturesque works.

Damien Hearst (Eng. Damien Hirst, r. June 7, 1965) - Modern English artist. One of the most notable representatives of the group of young British artists. Laureate of Terner 1995 Prize. It is estimated for 2010 - rich artist.

Biography and creativity

Damien Hearst Born in 1965 in Bristol (England). Grew in the city of Leeds. His father left the family when herst was 12 years old, and the mother turned out to be unable to control the Son. In his youth, he was twice arrested for theft in stores.

He studied at an art school in Leeds and then (after a two-year pause) in Goldsmith College (1986-1989), who at that time was considered innovative and offered an experimental learning program, which attracted many talented students and teachers there. At that time, I was very fascinated by the works of Francis Bacon, which was reflected in his future works. Even before graduation, in July 1988 he oversaw exhibition "FREEZE"On which his own installations were presented among others. It should be noted that this exhibition itself was largely a project of a 23-year-old Hirst and laid the beginning of his own career and a quarry of a number of other artists, many of whom were also graduates of Goldsmit. Here, for the first time, the Millionaire and Collector of the Art of Charles Saatchi, which artist's creativity made a big impression on Herst for the first time. A year later, at the second exhibition Hurst, he bought his work "Thousand Years" and offered financial assistance in creating future works.

Installation "A thousand years" Represented a certain system illustrating such global processes as life and death. The theme of death is the key theme of Hearst - already in this work it takes a dominant position. Installation consisted of a container with eggs flies, rotting cow's head and electric fluffy. The larvae got out of the eggs, crawled to food (cow's head), turned into flies and gibbing when contact with a fly swatter. Over time, the installation was modified - the head was becoming less and less, and the Mukh's corpses were more and a spectator, re-coming to the exhibition, saw the entire above-described process in dynamics, observing not only for the life of the flies, but also for the result of this process.

On Money Saatichi Hearst created a job under name "The physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living". This work was a dead four-meter shark in formaldehyde. She laid the beginning of a number of similar installations, one of which - "Divided Mother and Child" (literally from the English. "Mother and child. Divided) - was presented in the Venetian Biennale and brought the herst international glory. Here, the viewer sees the "frozen in death" of the creature, something frightening and repulsive, something that is no longer alive, but still retains its easy-to-value appearance. So, for example, before the conditional viewer of the installation "Physical Impossibility ..." there is no shark, she has already died and only her shell remains. But the "dead" viewer is perceived only as "non-residential". He sees the "former living", interpreting a new object through the prism of what he was once, and not guided by what it is now.

The subject of death, which sometimes turns into the subject of the flow of life, passes the red thread through all the work of Damien Hirst. In 2007, he creates work entitled "For the love of the Lord!"which is sometimes called "Diamond Skull Deeien Hirst" and which got fame as the most expensive work of art now the living author. This product itself is a copy of the European Skull 35 years, made of platinum and completely inlaid diamonds. In the center of the forehead skull is a pink diamond. Creating this work was harst in 14 million pounds sterling.

Despite the conceptual foundations of the works of Harst, it is difficult to deny the deliberately scandalous nature of many works of this artist. Following dead animals in Formaldehyde and the most expensive work of art in the world, the installation should be mentioned "IN AND OUT OF LOVE" ("fall in love and break out" or in this case "Inside and outside of love"). The canvas on the walls were attached dolls from which butterflies appeared. Entering the room, the audience turned out to be among these insects, which flew around them, sitting down both on the audience themselves and on the containers with fruits placed in the same room. The exhibition took place in the gallery "Tate Modern" and lasted 5 months. During this time, she attracted more than 460000 visitors and became the most visited personal exhibition in the history of the gallery. Later, information appeared that 9,000 butterflies died during the exhibition and it caused protests from a number of natural organizations.

Painting Damien Hirst can be attributed to geometric abstractionism (example: series "Spots" (Spot Paintings)) and (example: series "Rotation" (Spin Paintings)). The "spots" series consists of paintings on which the same in size are depicted, but different in the color of the circle (the color is never repeated) located in the shape of a grid. The "Rotation" series consists of paintings that were created by pouring paint on the rotating canvas. Hearst is the author of a series of paintings that return us to the theme of butterflies: the Butterfly Color Paintings series consists of works where dead butterflies are attached to still dry paint, which become the basis of the composition.

Demien Stephen Hearst (Eng. Damien Hirst; June 7, 1965, Bristol, United Kingdom) - English artist, entrepreneur, collector of works of art, as well as the most famous figure of the Young British Artists group, dominating the art scene since the 1990s.

Biography of the artist

Damien Herst was born in Bristol, grew up in Leeds. His father was a mechanic and seller of cars, he left the family when Demeien was 12 years old. His mother, Mary, was an amateur artist. She quickly lost control over the son, which twice was arrested for theft in stores.

At first, Damien studied at an art school in Leeds, then, after two years of work at the construction sites of London, tried to enter the Central College of Art and Design of the Saint Martin and in some college in Wales. As a result, he was admitted to Goldsmith College (1986-1989). In the 1980s, Goldsmith College was considered innovative: unlike other schools who have collected students who failed to enter a real college, Goldsmith school attracted many talented students and inventive teachers. Goldsmith introduced an innovative program that did not require the ability to draw or write with paints. Over the past 30 years, such an education model has gained widespread worldwide.

As a school student, Hearst regularly visited the morgue. Later, he will notice that many topics of his works originate there.

In July 1988, Herst supervised the familiar exhibition FREEZE (English) in an empty building of the London port administration in London docks; At the exhibition, 17 school students were presented at the exhibition and his own creation - a composition of cardboard boxes painted by paint latex paints. The exhibition FREEZE itself was also the fruit of Hurst's creativity. He himself selected work, ordered the catalog and planned the opening ceremony.

Freeze has become a startpoint for several YBA union artists; In addition, the famous collector and patron of art Charles Saatichi drew attention to Hearst. In 1989, Hearst graduated from Goldsmiths College.

In 1990, along with each other Carl Friedman, he organized another exhibition, Gamble, in the hangar, in the empty building of the Bermondsey plant. Satchi visited this exhibition: Friedman recalls how he stood with an open mouth before installing a hurst called a thousand years - a visual demonstration of life and death. Saatichi acquired this creation and suggested Hurst money to create future works.

Thus, for Money Saatchi, in 1991, "the physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" was created, which is a tiger shark aquarium, which reached 4.3 meters long. The work cost Saatichi at 50,000 pounds. Shark was caught by an authorized fisherman in Australia and had a price of 6,000 pounds. As a result, Hearst was nominated for the terner award, which was awarded Greenville Davy. Shark herself was sold in December 2004 to Collector Steve Cohen for $ 12 million (£ 6.5 million).

The first international recognition of Hearst came to the artist in 1993 on Biennale in Venice. His work "Divided Mother and Child" was part of the cow and a calf, placed in separate aquariums with formaldehyde. In 1997, I saw the light of the autobiography of the artist "I Want to Spend The Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One to One, Always, Forever, Now".

The last hurst project time, which made a lot of noise, is an image of a human skull in a natural value; The skull itself is copied with a European skull at the age of about 35 years, who deceased somewhere between 1720 and 1910; The teeth in the skull are inserted real. Creation is built by 8601 industrial diamond with a total weighing of 1100 carat; They cover it completely like pavement. In the center of his forehead skull there is a large pale pink diamond for 52.4 karat of standard diamond cut.

The sculpture is called the love of the Lord and is the most expensive sculpture of the live author - £ 50 million.

CREATION

Death is a central topic in his work.

The most famous series of artist - Natural History: Dead Animals (including Shark, Sheep and Cow) in Formaldehyde. Sign work - "The physical impossibility of death in the consciousness of the living" (eng. The Physical Impossibility of Death In The Mind of Someone Living): Tiger shark in aquarium with formaldehyde. This work has become a symbol of graphic work of British art of the 1990s and the Britart symbol around the world.

Unlike sculptures and installations, practically unwanted away from the theme of death, the painting of Demien Hirst, at first glance, looks fun, elegant and life-affirming. The main picturesque series of the artist are:

"Spots" - Spot Paintings (1988 - to today) - geometric abstraction of colored circles, as a rule of the same size, not repeated in color and ordered in the grille. In some works, these rules are not respected. As names for most works in this series, scientific names of various poisoning, narcotic or exciting substances are taken: "Apretinin", "Butyrophenone", "Ceftriaxone", "Diamorphine", "Ergocalciferol", "Minoxidil", "Oxalacetic Acid", "Vitamin C », Zomepirac and the like.

"Rotation" - Spin Paintings (1992 - until today) - painting in the genre of abstract expressionism. In the production of this series, the artist or its assistants pour or dripped paint on a rotating canvas.

"Butterflies" - Butterfly Color Paintings (1994-2008) - Abstract Assembly. Pictures are created by sticking the dead butterflies on freshly dried canvas (the glue is not used, butterflies will be lipped to unwell paint themselves). The canvas at the same time is evenly painted in one color, and the butterflies used are complex, bright color.

"Kaleidoscopes" - Kaleidoscope Paintings (2001-2008) - Here with the help of stuck close-close to each other, the artist creates symmetrical patterns, similar to the Kaleidoscope patterns.

IT's Great To Be Alive, 2002

Despite the fact that the painting with the butterflies of Demien Hirst Museums sometimes decorate their children's corners, butterflies in the work of the artist quite definitely play the role of death symbols.

Butterflies are one of the central objects to express Hirst creativity, it uses them in all possible forms: the image in the pictures, photographs, installations. So he used to "fall in love and obstruct" for one of his installations, held in Tate Modern from April to September 2012 in London, 9,000 thousand living butterflies who gradually died during this event. After this incident, representatives of the RSPCA Animal Protection Foundation subjected the artist with tough criticism.

In September 2008, Herst sold the complete collection of Beautiful Inside My Head Forever at the Sotheby's auction for £ 111 million ($ 198 million), thereby breaking the record for auction with one artist.

Sunday Times estimates, Hearst is the richest living artist in the world - for 2010 its condition was estimated at £ 215 million. At the beginning of his career path, Demien worked closely with the famous collector Charles Saatchi, but the growing differences led to a gap in 2003.

In 2011, Hirst designed the cover of the album of the RED Hot Chili Peppers "I'm With You".

In 2007, the work "For the love of the Lord" (platinum skull, inlaid by diamonds) was sold through the Gallery "White Cube" Group of investors for a record for the currently healthy artists the amount of $ 100 million. True there are information that among the so-called "group Investors "More than 70% of assets belong to the herst itself and its companions. So this work was sold for no more than a third.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Tomkines K. "The Besties of Artists." - M.: V-A-C Press, 2013

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