Chichikov's attitude to Nozdryov. Analysis of the episode "Chichikov at Nozdryov"

By mistake he calls the landowners' lands instead of Manilovka Zamanilovka, there is nothing alluring and "luring" in the village and the manor house: several frail flower beds, a house and walls of a shade of blue, similar to gray, nowhere greenery, gloomy gray log huts.

Manilov, at first glance, seems to be a very pleasant person. But the pleasantness of this "too ... sugar", right up to cloying. Only a tempting smile in his image is attractive. There is no "enthusiasm" in him, nothing fascinates him, only lengthy thoughts are constantly wandering in his head.

A person, one might say, does not need anything in this life - he lives for himself and lives. More precisely, it exists according to the principle: if there is a day, there will be food. The author notes that with Manilov everything went "somehow by itself": the household, and the internal arrangement of the house, and the relationship with the servants.

The main and sad feature of Manilov: all projects, good and good undertakings remain words: from reading a book (the bookmark in which has been on the fourteenth page for some unknown years) to an underground passage with a stone bridge across the pond. Not done - and okay. There are many unsolved problems in the house, but the landowner is only occupied with dreams. Empty in the pantry, in the kitchen it is not clear what is being prepared, the thief is the housekeeper, the drunkards of the servant - all these are low objects, unworthy of the gentlemen.

The slicker Chichikov immediately sensed the defining feature of Manilov's personality - sweetness in manners and actions, as well as the desire to please. Therefore, the whole conversation between Chichikov and Manilov is sheer ingratiation and flattery. All the officials of the city of N are spoken of in superlatives: "most esteemed," "the most amiable man," the most courteous society, all extremely pleasant and worthy.

Even the passage of Chichikov through the doorways of the office and the dining room in the Manilovs' house turns into real pathos: the guest and the owner cannot agree on which of them will go first, since each one really wants to give in to the other. As a result, both pass through the door at the same time. The swindler Chichikov "adjusts" to Manilov, to this sugary politeness, in order to realize his selfish goal - the purchase of "dead" souls.

When Chichikov voiced his lucrative offer to Manilov, the latter is in great bewilderment. His pipe already falls out of his mouth, he claims that “a strange word was heard”, even suspects Chichikov of madness (“is the guest crazy”). But the desire to please Manilov pushes to act - to sell Chichikov "dead" peasants. Moreover, this happens on the basis of the fact that Chichikov has a "brilliant" education, which is "visible in every ... movement" and a deep facial expression, characteristic only of a "too smart minister."

Noteworthy (literally cut the ear) are the Greek names of the children of Manilov (Themistoclus and Alcides). Now, too, some parents tend to call their children rare "exotic" names. They, like Manilov, try to appear educated, smart and well-read. But this fact speaks only of inner emptiness and ostentatious bombast, behind which there is nothing.

Until the end of the conversation, the reader hopes that Manilov, even in spite of his sweetness and servility, is not such a bad person. But this myth finally debunks the last expression of Manilov in a conversation with Chichikov that "dead souls are complete rubbish." Even the mercantile Chichikov is confused by these words, and he objects: “It’s not rubbish!”.

Empty dreams, mawkish ostentatious politeness and flattery - alas, all components of Manilov.

N.V. Gogol. The author published it in 1842. He originally planned a three-volume work. In 1842 the first volume was published. However, the second, almost complete, was destroyed by the writer himself (several chapters from it survived in the drafts). The third, however, was not even started, there is only isolated information about it. Therefore, we will consider the attitude of Chichikov to Nozdryov only on the basis of the first volume of the work. Let's start by getting to know these characters.

Who are Chichikov and Nozdrev?

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a former official, and now a schemer. This retired collegiate counselor was engaged in buying up "dead souls" (that is, written evidence of deceased peasants) in order to mortgage them as living, to get a bank loan and gain influence in society. He looks after himself, dresses smartly. Chichikov, even after a dusty and long journey, manages to look as if he had just visited a barber and a tailor.

Nozdryov is a 35-year-old dashing "talker, boozer, reckless driver." This is the third landowner in the work with whom Chichikov decided to bargain for dead souls. Let's try to answer the question of how Chichikov felt about Nozdrev. To do this, you should trace the entire history of their relationship.

Acquaintance of Chichikov with Nozdrev

In the first chapter of the work, they meet, during lunch with the prosecutor. Then the heroes accidentally collide in the tavern (fourth chapter). Chichikov goes from Korobochka to Sobakevich. In turn, Nozdryov, along with Mezhuev, his son-in-law, returns from the fair, where he lost and drank everything, including the crew. The landowner immediately lures the Gogol swindler into his estate. It is clear that Chichikov wanted from the landowner Nozdrev, why he agreed to go with him - he was interested in "dead souls".

Having delivered the guests, the landowner immediately begins to show the farm. Nozdryov begins with the stable, then talks about a wolf cub that lives with him and eats only raw meat. Then the landlord goes to the pond. Here, according to his stories, which can only be pulled out by two fishermen together. This is followed by a show of the kennel, where Nozdryov looks like "the father of the family" among the dogs. After that, the guests go to the field, where, of course, the hares are caught with their hands. It is clear that Chichikov's attitude to the landowner Nozdrev after all this boasting is unlikely to be positive. After all, this hero is very shrewd.

Booze and its consequences

The landlord is not very concerned with dinner. Only at 5 o'clock do the guests sit down at the table. He explains that food is not the main thing in his life. But Nozdryov has a lot of drinks, and he does not have enough available ones and he invents his own incredible "compositions" (champagnon and bourguignon together, brandy, giving off fuselage, "with a taste of cream"). At the same time, the landowner spares himself. Chichikov, noticing this, imperceptibly pours out his glasses.

Nevertheless, the "sparing" himself the owner in the morning comes to him in one dressing gown and with a pipe in his teeth. He assures, as befits a hussar hero, that in his mouth "the squadron spent the night." It doesn't matter if you have a hangover or not. The only important thing is that a decent reveler must certainly suffer from it. What was Nozdryov's attitude to Chichikov? Best of all, it is revealed by a quarrel that occurred during the bargaining.

Quarrel between Chichikov and Nozdrev

The motive of this false hangover is also important to the author in another respect. During the bargaining that took place the night before, Nozdryov had a big quarrel with Chichikov. The fact is that he refused to play cards for "dead souls", as well as buy a stallion of real "Arab blood", and get souls "in the bargain." Thus, Nozdrev's attitude to Chichikov's proposal requires justification. However, the evening cockiness of the landowner cannot be attributed to alcohol, as well as to explain the morning peacefulness by oblivion of what was done in a drunken stupor. In his actions, Nozdryov is guided by only one spiritual quality: unrestrainedness bordering on unconsciousness.

Checkers game for souls

The landowner does not plan, does not conceive anything, he simply does not know the measure of anything. Chichikov, having agreed (very recklessly) to play checkers on the soul (since checkers are not marked), almost becomes a victim of Nozdryov's revelry. The souls at stake are estimated at 100 rubles. The landowner moves 3 checkers at once with his sleeve and thus puts one of them into the king. Chichikov has no choice but to mix the figures.

The play on the souls emphasizes the essence of both heroes, and does not simply reveal how Chichikov treated the landowner Nozdrev. The latter asks for 100 rubles for souls, and Chichikov wants to bring the price down to 50. Nozdryov's attitude to Chichikov's proposal is as follows: he asks to include in the same amount or some puppy. This landowner, being an incorrigible gambler, does not play for the sake of winning at all - he is interested in the process itself. Nozdryov is annoyed and angry about the loss. The ending of the game is predictable and familiar - it is a conflict that turns into a fight.

Flight of Chichikov

At the same time, Chichikov thinks primarily not about physical pain, but about the fact that the courtyard people will witness this unpleasant scene. But the reputation should be maintained by all possible means. The hero resolves the conflict that threatens his image in the usual way - he flees. Subsequently, when the whole city becomes aware of the purchase of "dead souls", he does the same. Chichikov's attitude to Nozdrev, their cheating deal is a parody of entrepreneurial activity. She complements the characteristics of both characters, demonstrating the vulgarity and baseness of the gentlemen of the "middle hand".

It seems that the massacre of Chichikov is inevitable. The landowner shouts in excitement: "Hit him!" The guest is saved only by the appearance of the police captain, a formidable man with a huge mustache.

Scene at the Governor's Ball and Nozdryov's Visit

Chichikov hopes that he will no longer see Nozdryov. However, these heroes will have to meet twice more. One of the meetings takes place at the governor's ball (chapter eight). In this scene, the buyer of "dead souls" was almost destroyed. Nozdryov, unexpectedly colliding with him, shouts at the top of his voice that this is a "Kherson landowner" who "trades in dead souls." This gives rise to many incredible rumors. When, completely entangled in various versions, the officials of the city of NN call on Nozdryov, he, not at all embarrassed by the inconsistency of all these opinions, confirms all of them (the ninth chapter). Chichikov allegedly bought dead souls worth several thousand, he is a counterfeiter and a spy, tried to take away the governor's daughter, and priest Sidor was supposed to marry the young for 75 rubles. Nozdryov even confirms that Chichikov is Napoleon.

In the tenth chapter, the landowner himself informs Chichikov of these rumors, to whom he pays an uninvited visit. Nozdryov, once again forgetting about his insult, offers him help in "taking away" the governor's daughter, and for only 3000 rubles.

The inner world of Nozdryov

This landowner, like other heroes of Gogol's poem, seems to transfer the outlines of his own soul to the outlines of everyday life. Everything at his house is stupidly arranged. Wooden goats stand in the middle of the dining room, there are no papers or books in the office, allegedly Turkish daggers hang on the wall (Chichikov sees the name of the master on one of them - Savely Sibiryakov). Nozdryov calls his beloved hurdy-gurdy organ.

Gogol compares the depraved and upset soul of the landowner with this spoiled organ, which played not without pleasantness, but in the middle something went wrong, since the mazurka ended with the song "Malbrug went on a campaign", which, in turn, ended with some familiar waltz. Already the landowner had long ceased to twirl it, but in this barrel organ there was one lively pipe, which did not want to calm down, and for a long time was whistling alone. Of course, in the crippled souls of Gogol's heroes these "God's pipes" are quite remarkable, sometimes whistling on their own and confusing well-thought-out, impeccably and logically planned scams.

How Chichikov reveals himself in relations with Nozdrev

Chichikov's attitude to Nozdrev reveals the inner world of the Gogolian swindler. Running away from the landowner who is making another "story", the hunter for "dead souls" cannot understand why he went to the estate, why he trusted him, "like a child, like a fool." However, it was not by chance that he was seduced by this landowner: by nature, he is also an adventurer who, in order to achieve selfish goals, without a twinge of conscience, can step over all moral laws. Finishing disclosing the topic "Chichikov's attitude to Nozdryov", we note that the former is capable of lying, deceiving, and even shedding a tear, while the former is no less capable than the latter.

Comparison of Chichikov's speech in the work of N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls" and M.A. Bulgakov's "The Adventures of Chichikov"

Characteristics of Chichikov's speech in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"

Pavel Ivanovich was not a noble person.
Father left Pavlusha in inheritance half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, please teachers and bosses, make friends and, most importantly, save and save a penny. After such instruction from his father, he got used to finding an approach to everyone, pleasing a person, adapting to the manner of his speech.
Gogol writes about Chichikov's visit to the city society of officials: “Whatever the conversation was, he always knew how to support him ... and he talked about virtue very well, even with tears and eyes ... He spoke neither loudly nor quietly, but absolutely like that, the right way". Chichikov also behaves very nicely and delicately: at the card table. During the game, he argues, but "extremely skillfully", "nice". “He never said:“ you went, ”but“ you deigned to go, I had the honor to cover your deuce, ”etc.

Before talking about Chichikov's speech, it is necessary to say about his origin. N.V. Gogol in the eleventh chapter of the poem opens before us the history of Chichikov's life. The author notes the "dark and humble" origin of the hero.

From the bureaucratic years, Chichikov has apparently retained a manner of introducing himself in an upbeat, official tone, recommending himself to some persons who have a desire for ostentatious, external culture; So, when Manilov invites Chichikov to come to his estate, he immediately replies that "he will honor him for the most sacred duty." Arriving at General Betrishchev, Chichikov introduces himself as follows:
"Having respect for the valor of the husbands who saved the fatherland on the battlefield, I considered it my duty to introduce myself to your Excellency personally." So in Chichikov's speech there is a gloss that he tries to impose on himself.

And so the speech of the protagonist is beautiful, graceful, full of book turns: "an insignificant worm of this world", "I had the honor to cover your deuce." It is worth noting the special maneuverability and mobility of the hero's speech. “Indeed, what have I not tolerated? like a barge amid fierce waves ... What persecutions, what persecutions I did not experience, what grief I did not taste, but because I observed the truth, that I was pure in my conscience, that I gave my hand to a helpless widow and a wretched orphan! .. - Here he even wiped away the tear that had rolled out with his handkerchief. He can support any conversation about a horse farm, and about dogs, and about judges' tricks, and about a billiard game, and about making hot wine. He speaks especially well about virtue, "even with tears in his eyes." But what a person says about virtue does not mean that he also thinks.

Take, for example, his dialogue with Manilov. Manilov, in the ecstasy of his courtesy, agreed that he would gladly give half of his fortune in order to have a part of the merits of his guest. Chichikov is now trying to outmaneuver him: "On the contrary, I would consider, for my part, the greatest ...". It is not known what kind of compliment Chichikov wanted to overlap the courteous owner in this peculiar verbal competition, but it is important to note one thing: Chichikov in no case wants to give up the palm to Manilov. Chichikov is kind, even “he is with Manilov’s children:“ what lovely children, ”“ lovely babies, ”“ my little ones, ”so he calls them. “Clever, darling,” he praises Themistobeak.

"O! it would be a heavenly life, ”sums up the swap of thoughts and feelings Chichikov. This is an exact copy of Manilov's dreams. And only when Chichikov tries to explain to the impractical Manilov his request for dead souls, he changes his tone and gives his speech an official official tone: "I suppose to get the dead, who, however, would be listed as living according to the revision." Or: "So, I would like to know if you can give me those who are not alive in reality, but alive in relation to their legal form, transfer, yield, or whatever you like better?" "A duty for me is a sacred thing, the law - I am dumb before the law."

In the dialogue between Chichikov and Korobochka, we see a completely different Pavel Ivanovich. "All the will of God, mother!" - Pavel Ivanovich profoundly declares in response to the landowner's complaints about the numerous deaths among the peasants. However, realizing very soon how stupid and ignorant Korobochka is, he no longer stands on ceremony with her: “Yes, perish and roundabout your whole village,” “like some kind of mongrel, without saying a bad word, lying in the hay: and she herself does not eat, and does not give to others. "
With Sobakevich Chichikov

at first adheres to his usual manner of speaking. Then he somewhat reduces his "eloquence". Moreover, in the intonations of Pavel Ivanovich, while observing all external decency, impatience and irritation are felt. So, wishing to convince Sobakevich of the complete uselessness of the subject of bargaining, Chichikov declares: “It’s strange for me: it seems that some kind of theatrical performance or comedy is taking place between us, otherwise I cannot explain to myself ... You seem to be a rather smart person, you know information of education ".
Chichikov speaks with Nozdrev simply and concisely. He perfectly understands that there is no need for thoughtful phrases and colorful epithets.
In a conversation with Plyushkin, Chichikov returned to his usual courtesy and pompous statements. Pavel Ivanovich declares to the landowner that "having heard enough about his economy and the rare management of estates, he considered it a duty to get to know each other and bring his own respect." He calls Plyushkin "a respectable, kind old man."

Characteristics of Chichikov's speech in a satirical story

M. A. Bulgakov "The Adventures of Chichikov"

Pavel Ivanovich says very little in this story. But here Chichikov's speech is less varied, for in Bulgakov the hero does not have to adapt to the characters of other people. Although Pavel Ivanovich still uses his catchphrases: "thrown out in no time to hell", "nowhere to show his nose"; his speech does not look colorful and graceful.

We also see that in Bulgakov's work Chichikov uses the vernacular expression: "Neither this, nor that, not the devil knows what." This is one of the differences between the two Chichikovs.

And in the phrase: “I spoiled, spoiled my reputation so that there is nowhere to show my nose. After all, if they find out that I am Chichikov, naturally, they will be thrown out to hell in no time ”- we observe a similarity with the thoughts of Gogolevsky Chichikov. “Spoiled” a word with a pronounced angry connotation; these are the words we meet in Gogol's thoughts in Pavel Ivanovich's thoughts when he (Chichikov) talks with the landowners.

The use of catchphrases is one of the similarities between the Chichikovs. Another, as mentioned earlier, is the coincidence of Chichikov's words in Bulgakov's and Chichikov's thoughts in Gogol's.

• Category: Compositions on Russian literature

The officials portrayed by Gogol were mired in plunder and embezzlement. The city fathers strive to get rich thoroughly at the expense of "the sums of their dearly beloved fatherland." Officials rob both the state and private individuals without any remorse.

All officials are bound by mutual responsibility, the spirit of nepotism: according to the writer, they all lived in harmony with each other, entertainments (balls, dinners), playing cards from morning to evening, treated in a completely friendly way. “Dear friend Ilya Ilyich!<...>In a word, everything was very family-like! " This property is associated with such a beginning as excellent hospitality: "... in general, they were kind people, full of hospitality, and a person who tasted bread and salt with them or spent the evening at a whist was already becoming something close."

But behind these seemingly pretty features hide disgusting qualities, again characteristic of the entire corporation of officials. All of them are distinguished by amazing ignorance. They are at an extremely low level of education and enlightenment, and Gogol writes about their culture with undisguised irony: "who read Karamzin, who Moskovskie vedomosti, who even did not read anything at all."

Another thing is connected with this property - widespread bribery. Every request, any petition can be considered only after receiving the appropriate tribute. Exceptions are made only for friends. The chairman of the chamber warns Chichikov: "... you do not give anything to officials to anyone ... My friends must not pay." But the law is the law. Referring to the character nicknamed the Pitcher's Snout, Chichikov acts as is customary here: he took a piece of paper out of his pocket, “put it in front of Ivan Antonovich, which he did not notice at all and immediately covered it with a book. Chichikov was about to show it to him, but Ivan Antonovich, with a movement of his head, let him know that there was no need to show it. " Someone complains that before it was known, "at least what to do: brought the ruler, gave a red one, and the point is in the hat, and now a little white one." The alogy of this judgment is obvious: now, it turns out, you also know what should be done.

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Dialogue between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich in the Civil Chamber: the topic of officialdom. (Based on Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls") Chichikov's dialogue with Ivan Antonovich in the Civil Chamber is described in the seventh chapter of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's poem "Dead Souls". Having successfully completed a business trip to the neighboring landowners, Chichikov, in high spirits, proceeds to draw up the documents for the purchase. Having gone to the civil chamber to make fortresses of merchants - that was the name of the documents confirming the purchase of peasants - Chichikov first of all meets Manilov. So together, supporting each other, they go to the ward. There, Chichikov is faced with as well, as it turned out, the red tape familiar to him, the purpose of which is to extort from the visitor for any service due to him some kind of monetary bribe, that is, a bribe. After long questioning, Chichikov learns that a certain Ivan Antonovich is in charge of the affairs of the fortresses. “Chichikov and Manilov went to see Ivan Antonovich. Ivan Antonovich had already cast one eye back and looked them sideways, but at that very moment he plunged even more attentively into writing. "Let me know," said Chichikov with a bow, "is the fortress table here?" Ivan Antonovich did not seem to have heard, and he went deep into the papers, not answering anything. It was evident suddenly that this was already a man of reasonable years, not like a young chatterbox and a whirligig. Ivan Antonovich, it seemed, had already well over forty years; his hair was black and thick; the entire middle of his face protruded forward and went into the nose - in a word, it was the face that is called the jug snout in the hostel. - May I ask, is there a fortress expedition here? - said Chichikov. - Here, - said Ivan Antonovich, turned his jug snout and kissed again to write. - And my business is this: I bought peasants from different owners of the local district for the conclusion: there is a bill of sale, it remains to complete. - Are there any sellers? - Some are here, and others are given a power of attorney. - Did you bring the request? - He also brought a request. I would like to ... I need to hurry up ... so can we, for example, finish the job today! - Yes today! today it is impossible, - said Ivan Antonovich. - We need to make more inquiries, whether there are still prohibitions ... "Feeling that the red tape is intensifying, Chichikov hopes to speed up the matter and avoid unnecessary expenses by referring to a good acquaintance with the chairman of the chamber:" ... Ivan Grigorievich, chairman, I am a great friend ... "" - Why, Ivan Grigorievich is not alone; there are others, ”Ivan Antonovich said sternly. Chichikov understood the quirk that Ivan Antonovich had turned up, and said: “Others will not be offended either, I served myself, I know the business ...” “Go to Ivan Grigorievich,” Ivan Antonovich said in a slightly more gentle voice, “let him give the order, who should be,” but for us the matter will not stand up. Chichikov, taking a piece of paper out of his pocket, put it in front of Ivan Antonovich, which he did not notice at all, and immediately covered it with a book. Chichikov was about to show him her, but Ivan Antonovich, with a movement of his head, let him know that he should not show it. - Here he will lead you into the presence! - said Ivan Antonovich, nodding his head, and one of the clergymen, who were there and then, who made sacrifices to Themis with such zeal that both sleeves burst at the elbows and the lining had long been crawling out of there, for which he once received a collegiate registrar, obeyed our friends, as Virgil had once served Dante, and led them into the presence room, where there were only wide armchairs and in them, in front of the table, behind a mirror and two thick books, sat alone, like the sun, the chairman. In this place, the new Virgil felt such awe that he did not dare to put his foot there and turned back, showing his back, wiped like a mat, with a chicken feather stuck somewhere. " Sobakevich also turns out to be in the chairman's office, and Ivan Grigorievich has already been notified of Chichikov's arrival. “The chairman took Chichikov into his arms,” and things went smoothly. Congratulating him on the purchase, the chairman promises to arrange everything in one day. The fortresses of sale are made very quickly and with minimal expenses for Chichikov. "Even the chairman gave the order to take only half of the tax money from him, and the other, it is not known how, was assigned to the account of some other petitioner." So knowledge of clerical procedures helped Chichikov to arrange his affairs without much hassle.