Today I read, in my opinion, best piece I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". It is now on my list of my favorite books. Reading I had indescribable feelings and impressions. Although I do not fully share the views of the main character - Bazarov, something attracts me to his character. I like the way he thinks, his contradiction and defending his interests in society.

It is especially interesting to watch inner peace hero. Only one woman managed to awaken deep feelings in him, which he does not recognize, if even more correctly - denies. He does not understand what is happening to him, he has a new feeling like love, alien to him. Deep down, he realizes that all his nihilism is crumbling, and from this he becomes angrier and even more selfish in relation to others. And this does not lead to anything good.

This work covers almost all topics. The novel has a lot of plot and love lines so it gets even more exciting.

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I had a desire to apologize (I don’t know - to Bazarov? To Turgenev?) For the stupid first reading and those first impressions about which I wrote. Where I saw one confusion in views, I saw the amazing strength and consistency of a person who is mistaken, “over the edge,” but seeks. Yesterday, leafing through a textbook, I came across the words that Tolstoy said about himself, but they, in my opinion, are very suitable for people like Bazarov: “You have to fight, make mistakes, fall and get up again, but calmness is a meanness of the soul. It seemed to me that Bazarov was indifferent to everything beautiful. He loved, and truly loved. This feeling gave birth to another person in him, whom he did not notice in himself, and Bazarov himself. How he wanted to rip this love out of himself! And he could not, because he was a very strong man, which means that he fell in love very much and forever.

"... Freedom, which the government cares about ..." - is there any hope in these words for reform as for real liberation? And is there not disdain for the people in the words about peasant drunkenness? There is neither one nor the other, at least for a reader who reads the text with an open mind. The word "freedom" in relation to the burning reform (let's not forget - the novel takes place in 1859) was common among the peasants and among the progressive intelligentsia, no matter how the very possibility of freedom was considered. Here is evidence from the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Village News" (1860):

Comes together in my hut. More yes more people: - Well, speak quickly, What have you heard about freedom?

And about the reform that had already taken place, terribly disappointing to the lyrics, he nevertheless considered it possible to write the poem "Freedom" (1861): I know: in place of the serfs' networks, People have invented many others, So, but it is easier for the people to unravel them. Muse! greet freedom with hope!

In Bazarov's words, it is just as difficult to hear approval of the reform as in Nekrasov's poetry. In addition, the entire replica of the hero is of an angry and ironic character. And in his attitude to peasant drunkenness, Bazarov is an obvious associate of Dobrolyubov (article "People's Cause", 1859) and Nekrasov, who saw in the tavern and vodka the sworn enemies of the people's freedom. Soon after Turgenev's lessons, ninth-graders will study the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", they will read a chapter from it "Drunken Night" ...

So, it turns out that the author of "Fathers and Sons" is reproached for deviating from the historical truth where he strictly follows it. Such reproaches about other passages of the novel are no more substantiated. They are generated by a certain period in the development of the science of literature and are the result of inattention to the specific, irreplaceable social role of verbal art, which, in the best creations, is capable of making its way through any obstacles to the truth of life.

According to Pisarev, Bazarov is characterized by Pechorin temperament, Pechorin mental strength... And in general, he appears in a series of a whole gallery of "smart people" - Onegins, Pechorins, Belᴛᴏʙykh, Rudins. These are people who do not want to live the life of those hundreds of thousands of "indivisible" (atoms) who have never "used their brain as an instrument of independent thinking" and who "lived happily ever after."

“Smart people” have always been bored, sad, even yearned by the unsatisfied desire to act, to be useful.

But now a new type of such people. Now " smart people»It became clear that longing is not enough? that happiness cannot be begged for, it must be conquered. Unfortunately, they do not see the way to this yet. “In practical terms, they are just as powerless as Rudin, but they realized that they were powerless and stopped waving their hands. “I cannot act now,” each of these new people thinks to himself, “I’m not going to try; I despise everything that surrounds me, and I will not hide this contempt

I will go to the fight against evil when I feel strong. " The Bazarovs, according to the critic, are not idlers at all. On the contrary, unlike their predecessors, they are working proletarians, they are forced to earn a piece of bread. But their main advantage is different. “The Pechorins have will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will; Bazarov has both knowledge and will. Thought and deed merge into one solid whole. " The Bazarovs' case is precisely the critical work of thought, carried out by a highly developed, completely independent person, free from any superstitions, authoritativeness, accepted norms.

The critic is undoubtedly right when he speaks of Bazarov's independence. But do the heroes really have any moral laws, principles, and the whole? It is true that he does not flaunt them, is silent in response to the direct question of Pavel Petrovich, tells Arkady that he acts in one way or another "by virtue of the sensation" that his "brain is so arranged." Let us recall the fight between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Is there really no ideals, no convictions behind denial? "My grandfather plowed the land," says Bazarov "with haughty pride." It is important to understand that it is important for him not only as an argument in the dispute, that he is more likely than Pavel Petrovich to be recognized as “their compatriot”. Bazarov despises "aristocrats", that is, people who boast of rights obtained not by personal merit, but by inheritance. True, Bazarov himself is ready to go against his people - against their ignorance, drunkenness, superstition, patriarchal obedience. Is it not clear that behind all this there are truly democratic ideals of the hero?

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When asked my opinion about the novel, fathers and children, asked by the author ____THE BEST BOY____ the best answer is It seems to me that the problem of "father and children" in the novel is only a pretext for conflict, and the reason is that fathers and children were representatives of different ideas. Already describing the heroes, Turgenev contrasts Bazarov's dirty robe, which the owner himself calls "clothes," with Pavel Petrovich's fashionable tie and ankle boots.
It is generally accepted that in the communication between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov, complete victory remains with the latter, and yet a very relative triumph falls to Bazarov's lot. Both Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich can be accused of loving to argue. Kirsanov talks about the need to follow authorities and believe in them. And Bazarov denies the rationality of both. Pavel Petrovich claims that only immoral and empty people can live without principles. And Eugene believes that the principle is an empty and non-Russian word.
Kirsanov reproaches Bazarov with contempt for the people, and he says that "the people deserve to be looked after." And if you follow through the entire work, then there are many areas in which they do not agree. So, for example, Bazarov believes: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet."
I believe that Bazarov is right, that any truths of authority should be questioned. But at the same time, he should not forget about his attitude to the past culture, about the culture of his ancestors, and Bazarov completely rejects everything that is connected with the past. For him, the truth is modern science, modern natural science. Bazarov denies everything historical values... He despises Pavel Petrovich's admiration for art, criticizes their attitude to love. Challenging the old generation, the hero goes too far. He creates a problem for himself, moreover, denying art, which is close to Pavel Petrovich, denies all art. The same thing happens with the attitude towards love, towards principles, etc.
The author, comparing the characters and life positions Bazarov and Kirsanova shows the problem of "fathers and children" in disputes. In a dispute, truth is born and Turgenev wants to convey this truth to the reader. Turgenev tries to show that the positions of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich are extreme: in one we see remnants of the past, and in the other intolerance. Thus, the truth eludes the disputing parties: Kirsanov lacks understanding, and Bazarov lacks respect for his parents.
So, we have two absolutely different heroes... And the author will emphasize their differences throughout the novel. From the first pages it is clear that the author portrays Bazarov as a prettier person than Pavel Petrovich. It is impossible to repeat Bazarov, and at the same time he has something from each of us. This is a man of not a hefty mind, who has his own point of view, and who knows how to defend it.
Based on the above, we are convinced that the position of the hero is especially evident in disputes. In them it comes about irreconcilable conflict not so much between "fathers and children" as between aristocrats and democrats.
The author describes in his novel another hero - Arkady, presenting him as a like-minded person of Bazarov. But from my point of view, Arkady is a person who has a different point of view than Bazarov. Arkady is very similar to his father, he wants to seem like an adult, to be like Bazarov. But in fact, Arkady needs no more than his father: a quiet native home, loving wife, beloved children. And this desire overpowers Bazarov's idea of ​​universal happiness. This is also Nikolai Petrovich.
Most likely, Arkady will repeat the path of his father after Bazarov left his life with his ideas. Arkady, in Bazarov's eyes, is a "rascal", a "soft liberal gentleman." Bazarov does not want to accept and recognize the kindness of Arkady, the dreaminess of Nikolai Petrovich, their love for music and poetry. He denies it all, so there is no understanding between Arkady and Bazarov, a discord arises that concerns not only their beliefs, but also the values ​​they hold dear. This is where the gap between the past and the present occurs.

The central place in Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons is occupied by Evgeny Vasilievi - Bazarov. All the attention of the novel is focused on it. Bazarov is the son of a district doctor, a nihilist who studied certain sciences and medicine. The father could not fully provide for his son, and therefore Bazarov himself was forced to make his way into the people. A hard student life, a life with a small penny job, did not indulge Bazarov and lent austerity to his face. My first impression of Bazarov was not pleasant to me, it even caused some kind of neglect of him, his appearance distinguished him from the rest of the people, from the gray mass. High growth, long hoodie with tassels. A long and thin face with a wide forehead, a flat upward, pointed nose, large greenish eyes and hanging peso-colored sideburns, it expressed self-confidence and intelligence. Certain characters, such as a hoodie with tassels, a wide forehead, a pointed nose, a persistent and condescending smile, showed and emphasized his pride and extraordinary self-confidence. Bazarov had good reputation in society, he has made himself an excellent career. He struck his career with his head, with his remarkable mind, and not with the low bows and intercession of an important uncle. Bazarov is distinguished by a great mind and, as a result, makes a strong impression on people who come across him. He defines the real human being. A real person, he says, is the one about whom one should think no one, but whom one must obey or hate. Bazarov himself fits the definition of a real person; he makes an impression on those around him: he intimidates and repels some, subjugates others. As a remarkably intelligent person, he did not meet his equal. When I meet a person who would not pass up in front of me, he said with a constellation, then I will change my opinion about myself. Bazarov is a proud and proud person. He looks down at people and rarely hides his half-contemptuous, half-patronizing attitude towards those who hate him and those who obey him. He never loved anyone, never needed anyone, was not afraid of anyone, and therefore did not spare anyone. I don't understand how you can live without paying attention to anyone. Bazarov, on the other hand, everywhere and in everything, acts as he pleases or as it seems to him profitable and convenient. He is controlled only by a certain whim or by certain races. As Pisarev said: Bazarov, neither beneath himself, nor outside himself, nor within himself, does not recognize any regulator, no moral law, no principle. Bazarov's ironic attitude to recklessness, to romanticism, works of art literature, art, to lyrical impulses passes into deep cynicism. But along with all his shortcomings, Bazarov is a very strong nature, a noble and true person, somewhere even sincere: he treats people the way he perceives them, if he likes a person, then he likes it sincerely, without a second thought, if not, then no, but also sincerely. Bazarov is an image that brings together all the qualities that, bit by bit, were in all the progressive and progressive people of his time.

Describe your impressions of reading the book by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

There are many books in Russian literature that deserve to be read and studied, to be admired and talked about. One of these works is, in my opinion, the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

This work can be called a discussion novel, a dispute novel. In it, the writer expresses his attitude to the "fashionable" philosophical trend in the 60s of the 19th century - nihilism.

Let me remind you that the basis of this concept was a complete denial of all the accumulated experience of mankind. The nihilists argued that their task in life was to destroy the heritage of their ancestors and thereby free people from "unnecessary trash", that is, all the wealth of world cultural thought.

The protagonist of Fathers and Sons is just such a nihilist - Yevgeny Bazarov. This is a young commoner, a medical student. The origin of the hero is important - from childhood he was not involved in traditional culture, to what the Russian aristocracy absorbed with mother's milk. Maybe that's why the hero is so contemptuous of poetry, music, nature, love, finally?

Everything that constitutes the "life of the soul" Bazarov despises, all this is subjected to his merciless ridicule. The hero believes that what is important is only what is material, what concerns vital, physiological needs. And everything else is "nonsense", inventions of those unadapted to life, weak people.

This point of view is one ideological pole in the novel. The other is radically opposite to him - the opinion of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an aristocrat, a Russian nobleman. For this person, everything that Bazarov calls to destroy is the essence of life, its foundation. Therefore, he is so outraged by the ideas of the protagonist, accepts them with hostility, considers them dangerous and destructive. That is why he, at the first opportunity, desperately argues with the nihilist, although he feels that Bazarov is stronger.

So, Evgeny Vasilyevich is contemptuous of poetry and music. He believes that "a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet." Let us remember how the hero mocks Arkady's father when he accuses Nikolai Petrovich of these “sins”: “He reads poetry in vain and hardly understands the housework ...”, “Have mercy! at forty-four years old, a man, pater familias, in ... m district - plays the cello! " etc.

In addition, Bazarov does not believe in nature as something living, having its own laws, wiser and more eternal than the laws of human society. The hero says to Arkady: “And nature is nothing in the sense in which you understand it. Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it. "

Evgeny Bazarov also approaches human relations from a purely pragmatic, materialistic point of view. So, for example, he believes that love between a man and a woman is explained only by physiology, instincts, and there is no place for high feelings.

Turgenev begins his argument with the hero, the debunking of his views precisely with the refutation of his views on love. Quite unexpectedly, Bazarov falls in love, falls in love exactly as they write about it in the novels he despises, to the point of frenzy, to self-forgetfulness, to the loss of self-esteem. The scene of the hero's declaration of love is one of the most emotional scenes of the novel: “Bazarov rested his forehead against the glass of the window. He was gasping for breath; his whole body was visibly trembling. ... this passion was beating in him, strong and heavy - a passion similar to malice and, perhaps, akin to it. "

Bazarov realizes that he has fallen in love. This fact for the hero is akin to a catastrophe, a natural disaster - he understands that his whole theory has collapsed, that he a common person, the same "weakling" as the Kirsanovs and the like. What to do next? How to live? Bazarov had no support, no pivot left to lean on. He is not able to radically change his worldview, to accept what he understood - Eternal values exist and will always exist, being the basis of human existence.

From this moment, the spiritual death of the hero begins, his extinction, which ends with the physical death of Bazarov in the finale of the work. Important, that the last person whom Evgeny Vasilyevich wanted to see in his life was precisely Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.

Thus, Turgenev debunks the position of his hero, and with it the nihilistic theory in general. But we understand that the writer does not approve of the position of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, who is ossified in his "principles" and does not want to develop, move forward.

Turgenev understands the importance of technical progress, its importance and necessity. But, at the same time, the paramount, as the writer claims in his novel, are eternal values, the experience passed on by ancestors. Refusing all this, a person destroys himself, condemning his offspring to extinction.

Fathers and Sons is a book that made a strong impression on me and made me think about many questions. But, despite the seriousness of this work, many of its pages are full of subtle humor, irony, great descriptions Russian nature. I spent many wonderful minutes communicating with the author and the characters of this novel, and therefore I decided to tell you about it.