People of human people and peoples. The biggest peoples of the world in the faces (39 photos)
In this article, the largest peoples of the land are presented in the persons, the number of which exceeds 50 million people. It is worth noting that from the 24 largest nations of the world, India is represented by 9 peoples (Hindus, Bengalts, Punjabs, Biharians, Marathi, Tamily, Telugu, Gujaratsy, Sindhi).
The biggest people on earth - chinese (self-calibration - Han), which currently has 1 billion 310 Milion people. This is 19% of the total population of our planet.
Chinese actor and director Jackie Chan
In second place among the biggest peoples of the Earth are located arabswhich are currently about 350 million people.
In fifth place among the largest peoples of the planet are bengaltsey - The main population of the state of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. The total number of bengalants in the world is more than 250 million (about 150 million in Bangladesh and about 100 million in India).
Indian writer and poet Rabindranat Tagore, Bengalca by nationality
Bengal girl
In the sixth place among the biggest peoples of the land are Brazilians (193 million people) - a nation that was formed as well as the American nation - by mixing different ethnic groups.
Brazilian-fashion model Camila Alves
Brazilian footballer Ronaldinho
The seventh largest people of the Earth - russianswhich in the world there are about 150 million people, of which 116 million live in Russia, 8.3 million in Ukraine, 3.8 million - in Kazakhstan. Russians are the largest people of Europe.
The eighth population of the planet - mexicanswhich in the world there are 147 million people, of which 112 million people. Live in Mexico and 32 million - in the USA. On the example of Mexicans, the conventionality of the separation of people into peoples can be noted. Those 32 million Mexicans that live in the United States can simultaneously be considered Mexicans and Americans.
Mexican Himena Navarrete - Miss Universe 2010
Mexican footballer Rafael Marquez, Captain of the Mexico
The ninth people in the world - japanese (130 million people).
Japanese director Animator Hayao Miyazaki
Closure a dozen biggest nations of the earth punjabsy. In total, there are 120 million Pendjabs in the world, of which 76 million people. Lives in Pakistan and 29 million - in India.
14th in numbers of the people of the world - marathi (80 million people) - the main population of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Indian actress Madhuri Dixet from the people of Marathov
15th in numbers the people of the Earth - tamilywhich in the world there are 77 million people, of which 63 million live in India.
Indian actress Vijayantimala, by nationality Tamilk
Indian chess player Vishvanatan Anand (by nationality Tamil), the current chess champion.
Approximately the same as Tamilov (77 million people) in the world there are Vietnamesev (vietov).
Vietnamese dancer, singer, actress and fashion model NGO THANH VAN
Another major people - germans. In Germany there are 75 million Germans. If you also consider people of German origin, then a more impressive figure is 150 million people. For example, in the US, 60 million people have German roots, which makes them the biggest ethnic group among Americans.
German actress Diana Kruger
At least 75 million also has the people Telugu - The main population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
\u003e\u003e The largest peoples of the world
§ 5. The largest peoples of the world
In total, there are 5-5.5 thousand peoples in the world, or ethnic groups, i.e. the established sustainable communities of people. The overwhelming majority of peoples are extremely small.
People with more than 1 million people in the world are 330, but they cover 96% of the entire population of the Earth. Peoples with more than 100 million people each, in the world of only 11 (Table 20), but they cover almost 45% of total population Earth.
Table 20.
The largest peoples and the most common languages
| The largest peoples of the world | Million people | The most common languages | Million people |
| 1. Chinese | 1170 | 1. Chinese | 1200 |
| 2. Hinduscan | 265 | 2. English | 520 |
| 3. Bengaltsey | 225 | 3. Spanish | 400 |
| 4. US Americans | 200 | 4. Hindi | 360 |
| 5. Brazilians | 175 | 5. Arabic | 250 |
| 6. Russians | 140 | 6. Bengalsky | 225 |
| 7. Japanese | 125 | 7. Portuguese | 210 |
| 8. Punjabtsy | 115 | 8. English | 200 |
| 9. Biharians | 115 | 9. Indonesian | 190 |
| 10. Mexicans | 105 | 10. Japanese | 127 |
| 11. Yavantans | 105 | 11. French | 120 |
| | | 12. German | 100 |
Associated with the relocation of them during the era of colonial captures. Negorids in North and South America appeared in the era of a slave-owned building when they were brought here to work on plantations.
It is incorrect to think that the entire population of the world belongs to these races. They constitute only 70% of the world's total population, and the other 30% are racial groups resulting from mixing these four races. Especially intensively racial mixing occurred in North and South America. As a result of the marriages of representatives of different races, such groups arose such as Mulati, mestys and sambo. Descendants from the marriages of European views with Indians belonging to the Mongoloid race are called metisami. Mulat There was a mixture of europoids with neurodes, brought from Africa. As a result of the marriages of innochids with Indians (Mongoloids), Sambo groups were formed.
Inside the races allocate smaller groups: tribes, nation, nation. In the modern world there are 3-4 thousand different peoples. The number of each of them is different. For example, the Chinese, which are already more than 1.1 billion, and the tribe of Veds in, the number of which is less than 1000 people. The main part of the world's population is still large in the number of nations.
As a rule, the community of each of the ethnic groups is characterized by a set of large numbers of signs, the main of which are the territory, the peculiarities of life, culture, language. The classification of various peoples in the language is based on the principle of their kinship. Languages \u200b\u200bare combined into linguistic families, and they, in turn, are divided into linguistic groups. The most common of all linguistic families is Indo-European. About half of all nations of the world speak in the languages \u200b\u200bof this family. From the languages \u200b\u200bof the Indo-European family are the most common are English (425 million people), Hindi (350 million people), Spanish (340 million people), Russian (290 million people), Bengali (185 million people), Portuguese (175 million people), German (120 million people), French (129 million people).
The second significant language family is the Sino-Tibetan, the main language of which is Chinese (over 1 billion people). In Chinese, several major dialects, the differences between which are so great that the inhabitants of the northern and southern provinces are difficult to understand each other. To explain, they use a single writing, which has 50 thousand signs. Each hieroglyph of the Chinese language is pronounced by a specific musical tone. Depending on the tone, many words pronounced using the same sounds can have completely different values.
The widespread distribution of Chinese and Russian languages \u200b\u200bis explained by the significance of the territory of these states. But why are English and Spanish so common? Their widespread, sharply superior to the population itself and is explained by the colonial past countries of Asia, Africa and. So, so far, the state language of some is English, and almost everything (except) speaks Spanish.
National criteria are at the heart of the division of humanity to the state. If national borders coincide with state, then a single-mounted state is created. It is about half. In them, the main nationality is over 90%. This, many states of Latin America. Sometimes the state creates two nations. It , . Along with all these countries, there are many states that are multinational. It , . In such countries, it lives to hundreds of peoples, and very often such a state has a federal device.
In many multinational states, there are problems of interethnic relations, which in many regions of the world are very acute and from time to time they give rise to hot spots on our planet, which often leads to severe consequences in economic and social life.
In the modern world there are still manifestations of nationalism, for which the ideas of the national superiority of any people are peculiar. It is not free and racial and national discrimination. So, for many years they do not conflict in Canada between Anglo Canadians, which occupy key positions in the economy, and Franco Canadians who feel their social and economic infringement and advocated for the creation of an independent state; For several years, the Middle Eastern focus of tensions associated with -Arabic confrontation and generated by the problem of Palestinian refugees has not faded. "Hot Points" is both in Europe: the Turkish-Greek conflict on, which actually led to the separation of this. There are also "hot spots" associated with national conflicts in the republics of the former USSR.
The most acute national conflicts proceed to where the discrimination policy until the beginning of the 90s was erected into the rank of state.
In the late 1980s, interethnic relations and in Eastern Europe were greatly complicated. To them, in particular, belong:
a) the desire of the Polish national minority in (this is approximately 260 thousand people, or 8% of the country's population) to the creation of their autonomy;
e) disintegration of Yugoslavia.
It is quite obvious that without solving these and other similar problems, it is difficult to develop normal relations between countries.
The largest linguistic family families
| Group | Peoples |
|---|---|
Indo-European family |
|
| Germanic | Germans, Dutch, Swedes, Danes, British, Scots, Americans, etc. |
| Slavyanskaya | Russian, Belarusians, Czechs, Slovaks, |
| Roman | , French, Spaniards, Catalans, Romanians, Chileans, Brazilians and others |
| Celtic | , Wales and others. |
| Lithuanians, Latvian | |
| Greek | Greek |
| Albanian | |
| Armenian | Armenians |
| Iranian | Persians, Kurds, Pashtuns, Hazaras, Beluhi, Ossetians, etc. |
Sino-Tibetan Family |
|
| Chinese | Chinese, Hui |
| Tibeto-Birmanskaya | Tibetans, Burmese, Nevars, Canauri, Karen, etc. |
| Group | Peoples |
Afrazian (Semitian Hamitskaya) Family |
|
| Semitian | Arabs, Jews, Amhara, Tigre, Tag |
| Kushitskaya | , Galla and others |
| Berber | Taways, Cabilles, etc. |
| Chadskaya | Haus |
Altai family |
National population population - Distribution of people on the basis of ethnicity. Ethnic (or people) is a historically established sustainable community of people, united by the unity of the language, territory, economic life and culture, national self-consciousness. The forms of ethnic community change and complicate in the process of human society development - from generic and tribal associations with primitive stroitations, nations in early class societies before independent nations - in the context of the merger of local markets into a single national market. If, for example, the formation of nations has long been completed, then tribal associations are widely represented in some underdeveloped, and (, etc.).
To date, there are 2200 - 2400 ethnic groups in the world. The number varies greatly - from several tens people to hundreds of millions. The largest peoples include (in million people):
- chinese - 11 70,
- hinduscan (the main people of India) - 265,
- bengaltsy (in India and) - 225,
- americans - 200,
- brazilians - 175,
- russians - 150,
- japanese - 130,
- punjabtsy (main people) - 115,
- mexicans - 115,
- biharians - 105.
Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, 10 ethnic groups account for about 45% of all mankind.
In many states and regions of the world, different ethnic groups are presented unequally. Therefore, the main peoples usually allocate, that is, the ethnic groups that make up the bulk of the population and national minorities.
For its origin and public situation, national minorities are customary to divide into two types:
Autochonny, i.e. indigenous peoples, ethnic groups, born immigration.
So, the following proportions are characteristic of the national composition. The main ethnic group - the British - amount to 77% of the total population; Autochthonous ethnic groups, including Scots, Irish, etc. - 14% and immigrants from different countries - 9%.
Constantly evolving as a result of the territorial heterogeneity of the natural movement of the population, migration, as well as consolidation processes and the assimilation of ethnic groups.
The consolidation of ethnic groups is the merging of several related ethnic groups into one, larger ethnic community.
Assimilation of ethnic groups - It is loss of native language and national self-consciousness as a result of long-term communication with other ethnic groups, i.e., a kind of dissolution of ethnic groups in a multinational medium. This process is particularly widespread in immigration countries, which include the United States, Australia, as well as many European countries. As a result of the processes of consolidation and assimilation of ethnic groups, the total number of peoples is gradually decreasing.
One of the main signs of ethnic unity is a conversational language. On this basis, all nations of the world are distributed to 15 language families and more than 45 language groups, which, in turn, are divided into language branches. In addition, there are separate languages \u200b\u200bthat do not enter any linguistic family. To their number, for example, are Japanese, Korean, Basque language and some others.
More than 40% of the world's population speaks in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Indo-European family, which includes 11 language groups: Romanesque (French, Italians, Spaniards, Moldovans, Romanians, Latin Americans); Germanic (Germans, British, Swedes, Danes, Americans); Slavic (Russian, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Slovenians); Baltic (,); Iranian (, Kurds, Afghans, Tatars, etc.).
About 20% of the world's population communicates in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Sino-Tibetan or Chinese-Tibetan family. Its weights is determined by the Chinese language group. The distribution of these languages \u200b\u200bis almost fully localized by the Asian continent.
About 8% of humanity uses the languages \u200b\u200bof the Nigero-Cordoin family, which are presented solely only in Africa. As part of this family, the main language group is the Niger-Congo group.
Another 5 - 7% of the world's population is talking in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Afrazian (or seven-khamitic) families who have received distribution mainly in Africa and Asia countries. The main of the languages \u200b\u200bof this family is Arabic.
Thus, in the languages \u200b\u200bof these four families, almost 4/5 of all mankind speaks.
The exact number of languages \u200b\u200bin the world is not defined. Some experts believe that they are about 3 thousand, others - more than 5 thousand. Such a discrepancy is due to the fact that part of the linguists considers the same diallas as different languages, and the other part of scientists recognizes them for the dialects of the same language. The problem of the classification of ethnic groups and languages \u200b\u200bis largely complicated by the fact that many nations speak the same languages. So, for example, in English, not only the British, but also many Australians, New Zealanders, Americans, Canadians, many people of the Caribbean countries, etc. Spanish is native not only for Spaniards, but for most of the peoples of Latin America . The Germans, Austrians, part of the Switzerland population speak in the same language. Such, the most common languages \u200b\u200bserve as a means of interethnic communication.
Some languages \u200b\u200bare developing, becoming more and more common, others die, lose their former value. For example, in Africa, the languages \u200b\u200bof Swahili, House, Yoruba, who are used as a means of communicating many tribes and peoples, are becoming more and more widespread distribution, which are gradually outed by the languages \u200b\u200bof colonizers. The highest concentration of languages \u200b\u200b(up to 1 thousand) - on the island of the new, where a large number of original tribes live.
A significant part of all languages \u200b\u200bof the world has no writing. In order to facilitate communication, representatives of different ethnic groups are growing the number of attempts to create an artificial international language. The most famous of them is Esperanto.
The most common languages \u200b\u200bof the world belong the following:
- chinese - more than 1 billion people,
- english - 400 - 500 million people.
- hindi - more than 350,
- spanish - about 300,
- russian - about 200,
- bengali - about 170,
- indonesian - about 170,
- arabic - 160,
- portuguese - 140,
- japanese - 125,
- german - about 100,
- french - more than 100 million people.
Thus, only 12 languages \u200b\u200bspeak almost 2/3 of all mankind. Of these most common languages, six are official and working languages \u200b\u200bof the UN (English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese).
In accordance with the nature of the national (ethnic) composition of the population, five types of states can be distinguished.
1 type. These are one-demonstrable states. Such states are most in Europe, in the Middle East and in Latin America.
And Russia, although it is possible to attribute some countries in Western and South Africa.
In recent years, inter-ethnic contradictions have aggravated in countries with a complex national composition.
Chinese actor and director Jackie Chan
In second place among the biggest peoples of the Earth are located arabswhich are currently about 350 million people.
In fifth place among the largest peoples of the planet are bengaltsey - The main population of the state of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. The total number of bengalants in the world is more than 250 million (about 150 million in Bangladesh and about 100 million in India).
Indian writer and poet Rabindranat Tagore, Bengalca by nationality
Bengal girl
In the sixth place among the biggest peoples of the land are Brazilians (193 million people) - a nation that was formed as well as the American nation - by mixing different ethnic groups.
Brazilian footballer Ronaldinho
The seventh people are the people of the planet - mexicanswhich in the world there are 156 million people, of which 121 million people. Live in Mexico and 34.6 million in the USA. On the example of Mexicans, the conventionality of the separation of people into peoples can be noted. Those Mexicans who live in the United States can simultaneously be considered Mexicans and Americans.
Mexican Himena Navarrete - Miss Universe 2010
Mexican footballer Rafael Marquez, Captain of the Mexico
The eighth population of the Earth - russianswhich in the world there are about 150 million people, of which 116 million live in Russia, 8.3 million in Ukraine, 3.8 million - in Kazakhstan. Russians are the largest people of Europe.
Russian actress Irina Ivanovna Alfere
The ninth people in the world - japanese (130 million people).
Japanese director Animator Hayao Miyazaki
Closure a dozen biggest nations of the earth punjabsy. In total, there are 120 million Pendjabs in the world, of which 76 million people. Lives in Pakistan and 29 million - in India.
14th in numbers of the people of the world - marathi (80 million people) - the main population of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Indian actress Madhuri Dixet from the people of Marathov
15th in numbers the people of the Earth - tamilywhich in the world there are 77 million people, of which 63 million live in India.
Indian actress Vijayantimala, by nationality Tamilk
Indian chess player Vishvanatan Anand (by nationality Tamil), the current chess champion.
Approximately the same as Tamilov (77 million people) in the world there are Vietnamesev (vietov).
At least 75 million also has the people Telugu - The main population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
About 70 million people numbered thais - The main population of Thailand.
Thai Piyaporn Deejin, Miss Thailand 2008
Another major people - germans. In Germany there are 65 million Germans. If you also consider people of German origin, then a more impressive figure is 150 million people. For example, in the US, 48 million people have German roots, which makes them the biggest ethnic group among Americans.
German actress Diana Kruger