The theme of the war to the literature of the 20th century. Prose about the great patriotic war

Have you heard the expression? "When the cannons are thundering, the muses are silent." During the Great Patriotic War, the muses not only did not remain silent - they shouted, sang, called, inspired, stood up to their full height.

1941-1945 is probably one of the most terrible years in the history of the "Russian state". Tears, blood, pain and fear are the main "symbols" of that time. And despite this - courage, joy, pride in yourself and your loved ones. People supported each other, fought for the right to life, for peace on earth - and art helped them in this.

Suffice it to recall the words spoken by two German soldiers many years after the end of the war: “Then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war. We felt your strength, capable of overcoming hunger, fear and even death ... ”And on August 9 at the Leningrad Philharmonic, the orchestra performed the seventh symphony of D. D. Shostakovich ...

Music wasn't the only thing that helped people survive. It was during the war years that amazingly good films were shot, for example, "The Wedding" or " Hearts of four". It was during these years that wonderful, immortal songs were sung, like "The Blue Handkerchief".

Nevertheless, literature played a huge role, perhaps the main one.

Writers and poets, writers, critics, artists knew firsthand what war was. They saw her with their own eyes. Just read: K. Simonov, B. Okudzhava, B. Slutsky, A. Tvardovsky, M. Jalil, V. Astafiev, V. Grossman ... It is not surprising that their books, their work have become a kind of chronicle of those tragic events- a beautiful and terrible chronicle.

One of the most famous poems about the war is the short student four lines of Yulia Drunina - the lines of a frightened, agitated girl at the front:

I only saw a hand-to-hand fight,
Once in reality. And a thousand - in a dream.
Who says that war is not scary
He knows nothing about the war.

Forever the theme of the Great Patriotic War will remain in her work.

Perhaps one of the most terrible poems will be the work "Barbarism", which was written by the poet Musa Jalil. So much atrocity that the invaders showed, it seems, is not found in all wild animals in the world. Only a person is capable of such unspeakable cruelty:

My land, tell me, what's the matter with you?
You have often seen human grief,
You have bloomed for us for millions of years
But have you experienced at least once
Such a shame and barbarism?

Many more tears were shed, many bitter words were said about betrayal, cowardice and meanness, and even more - about nobility, selflessness and humanity, when, it would seem, nothing human could remain in the souls.

Let's remember Mikhail Sholokhov and his story "The Fate of a Man". It was written after the war, in the mid-50s, but its realism amazes even the modern reader's imagination. It is short and perhaps not unique story a soldier who lost in terrible years everything he had. And despite this, the main character, Andrey Sokolov, did not get embittered. Fate struck him one after another, but he coped - he took out his cross, continued to live.

Other writers and poets also dedicated their works to the years of the Great Patriotic War. Some helped the soldiers survive in battle - for example, Konstantin Simonov and his immortal Wait for Me, or Alexander Tvardovsky with Vasily Terkin. These works went beyond the boundaries of poetry. They were copied, cut out of newspapers, reprinted, sent to relatives and friends ... And all because the Word - the strongest weapon in the world - instilled in people the hope that man is stronger than war. He knows how to cope with any difficulties.

Other works told the bitter truth about the war - for example, Vasil Bykov and his story "Sotnikov".

Almost all the literature of the 20th century is in one way or another related to the theme of wartime. From books - huge novels, stories and short stories, we, a generation that did not find years of horror and fear, can learn about greatest events our history. Find out - and pay tribute to the Heroes, thanks to whom the peaceful sky turns blue over our heads.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War in literature: essay-reasoning. Works of the Great Patriotic War: "Vasily Terkin", "The Fate of a Man", " The last battle Major Pugachev ". Writers of the 20th century: Varlam Shalamov, Mikhail Sholokhov, Alexander Tvardovsky.

410 words, 4 paragraphs

World war broke into the USSR unexpectedly for ordinary people... If the politicians could still know or guess, then the people were certainly in the dark until the first bombing. The Soviets were unable to prepare fully, and our army, limited in resources and weapons, was forced to retreat in the first years of the war. Although I was not a participant in those events, I consider it my duty to know everything about them, so that later I can tell the children about everything. The world should never forget about that monstrous battle. This is the opinion not only of me, but also of those writers and poets who told me and my peers about the war.

First of all, I mean Tvardovsky's poem Vasily Terkin. In this work, the author depicted collective image Russian soldier. He is a cheerful and strong-minded guy who is always ready to go into battle. He helps his comrades, helps civilians, every day he has a silent feat in the name of saving the Motherland. But he does not pretend to be a hero, he has enough humor and modesty to keep simple and do his job without further ado. This is how I see my great-grandfather, who died in that war.

I also remember Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" very much. Andrei Sokolov is also a typical Russian soldier, whose fate contained all the sorrows of the Russian people: he lost his family, was taken prisoner, and, even returning home, almost ended up on trial. It would seem that a person cannot withstand such an energetic hail of blows, but the author emphasizes that not only Andrei stood - everyone stood to death to save the Motherland. The hero's strength lies in his unity with the people, who shared his heavy burden. For Sokolov, all the victims of the war became family, so he takes the orphan Vanechka to him. As kind and persistent, I imagine my great-grandmother, who did not live to see my birthday, but, being a nurse, hundreds of children came out who teach me today.

In addition, I remember Shalamov's story "The Last Battle of Major Pugachev." There, a soldier, innocently punished, escapes from prison, but, unable to achieve freedom, kills himself. I have always admired his sense of justice and the courage to defend him. He is a strong and worthy defender of the fatherland, and I am sorry for his fate. But those who today forget that unparalleled feat of dedication of our ancestors are no better than the authorities that imprisoned Pugachev and doomed him to death. They are even worse. Therefore, today I would like to be like that major who was not afraid of death, just to defend the truth. Today the truth about that war needs protection like never before ... And I will not forget it thanks to Russian literature of the 20th century.

The war that began on June 22, 1941 became a terrible milestone in the history of our country. Literally every family has faced this disaster. However, later this tragedy served as the impetus for the creation of many talented books, poems and films. Particularly talented authors have produced stunning and gripping poems.

While studying at school, many of us study the Great Patriotic War according to literary works... Most of all I like poetry. There are many wonderful poets, but my favorite is Alexander Tvardovsky, who created the brilliant poem "Vasily Tyorkin". The main character Vasily is a brave soldier who is capable of difficult moment cheer up your fellow soldiers with a joke. At first, the poems began to be printed in small passages in the newspaper starting in 1942 and immediately earned immense popularity among the soldiers. The newspaper was passed from hand to hand and passed from department to department. The character Vasily Turkin turned out to be so vividly written out, and his figure is so colorful and original that many soldiers from different sectors of the front claimed that it was this person who served in their company.

Tyorkin acts as a simple Russian soldier, who is the compatriot of the author himself. This is not his first war, before that he went through the entire Finnish company. This person does not go into his pocket for a word, he can boast when necessary, he loves to eat well. In general - our guy! Everything is given to him easily, he performs his feats, as if by chance. Sometimes he dreams of how, having received a medal for courage, he will go to dance in the village council. How everyone will respect such a hero.

Many soldiers tried to imitate their book idol and wanted to be like him in everything. Vasily went through many adventures, was wounded, was in the hospital, killed German officers. The soldiers fell in love with the poetry so much that Tvardovsky received many letters asking him to write a sequel.

I liked the character of Vasily Tyorkin because of its simplicity. He walked easily through life and did not lose heart in the most difficult moments for him. His manner of expressing himself, his actions, everything he did was very similar to the image of a Russian soldier. Besides, I liked Vasily for his dangerous adventures. He seemed to be playing a coin with death every minute.

Works (list) on this topic: I. Babel "Cavalry", M. Bulgakov " White Guard"," Days of the Turbins "," Running "A. Vesely" Russia, washed in blood ", B. Lavrenev" Forty-first ", B. Pasternak" Doctor Zhivago ", Serafimovich" Iron Stream ", A. Fadeev" Razgrom ", And .Shmelev "Sun of the Dead", M. Sholokhov "Don Stories"

At the end of the twentieth century, after the events that took place in our country, we can relatively impartially see how our compatriots portrayed the events that were called the civil war. Of course, those who wrote about the war had their own clearly expressed position.

Bolshevik writers

These are Serafimovich, Sholokhov, Furmanov, Fadeev, for them:

• the war is just
• is being conducted against the enemies of the Soviet regime,
• heroes in their works are clearly divided into friends and foes. Their enmity is irreconcilable.

Intellectual writers

For non-partisan writers (these are I. Shmelev, M. Bulgakov, B. Pasternak):

• war is fratricidal,
• the power of the Bolsheviks brings devastation, ruins people,
• but White's actions are no less terrible.

All Russian writers agree on one thing: war is cruel, a person becomes bitter in war, he has to transgress universal human moral laws.

The concept of war and the image of a person in works

How fratricidal war appears in all works, regardless of socio-political assessments. Mikhail Sholokhov in the story "The Birthmark" shows how a father kills his son and only by the birthmark learns that he has become a sonicide. In Babel's Cavalry, a Red Army boy dictates a letter to the author, in which he tells how his elder brother tortured his father, because he was an enemy, how he was later killed. The fratricidal nature of the civil war is felt by Yuri Zhivago, the hero of Boris Pasternak's novel, a doctor whose mission is to save lives. The hero of Mikhail Bulgakov's play "The Run", the White Guard General Khludov, bears with a heavy burden the memory of the people hanged by his order.

In almost all works in the center there is a person who takes responsibility for other people - a commander.

In the center of A. Fadeev's novel "The Defeat" - the image of the commander partisan detachment Levinson. The life of this person is subordinated to the service of the revolution, it is in the name of revolutionary expediency that the commander acts. He brings up his fighters (Frost), he takes responsibility for himself in any case. But revolutionary expediency requires cruelty not only to those who are and are considered enemies, but also to those who simply impede the revolution. At the same time, Levinson's activities become absurd: he and his squad are fighting for working people, but for the sake of preserving the detachment, Levinson is forced to take the pig from the Korean (a simple peasant, for whom the war is being waged), the Korean's family will most likely die of hunger in winter, Levinson gives the order to poison the mortally wounded Frolov, since the wounded interfere with the advance of the detachment.

Thus, revolutionary expediency replaces the concept of humanism and humanity.

It is the officers who are the heroes of the novel and plays by M. Bulgakov. Alexey Turbin is a Russian officer who went through the German war, a real military officer whose goal is to defend his homeland, and not to fight with his own people. Bulgakov shows that the power of Petliura in Kiev is no better than the power of the Bolsheviks: robberies, careerism in power, violence against the civilian population. Alexey Turbin cannot fight his own people. And the people, according to the hero, support the Bolsheviks.

The outcome of the war is death, desolation.

It is the pathos of desolation, dead earth, people without a future sounds in the "Sun of the Dead" by Ivan Shmelev. The action takes place in the Crimea, which before the revolution was a flourishing paradise, and now, after the civil war, has turned into a desert. The souls of people also turn into a desert.

Love and moral choice in novels about civil war

The misunderstood idea of ​​social justice upsets the social equilibrium and turns proletarians into robbers, however, without making them richer from this.

Revolution and civil war are not the time for love.

But writers cannot help but talk about the eternal. The heroes of B. Lavrenev's story "The Forty-First" are the White Guard officer Govorukha-Otrok and the Red Army soldier Maryutka. By the will of fate and the author, they find themselves on an island far from the civil war, a feeling flares up between them. But Maryutka kills her beloved when she stands before her social choice- the revolution is above all, above human happiness and eternal love.

The abstract idea of ​​universal human love obscures love for a specific person before the heroes of the revolution and civil war.

So, the hero of "Chevengur" by A. Platonov Kopenkin loves Rosa Luxemburg, whom he has never seen.

Any war presents a person with the problem of moral choice.

As already mentioned, for revolutionaries such a moral choice is unambiguous: everything that serves the revolution is expedient.

For the Russian intelligentsia, this choice is extremely difficult.

• On the one hand, it was the intelligentsia who took part in the revolution or sympathized with it.
• On the other hand, the horror of the civil war and the Bolshevik terror turned the intelligentsia away from what was happening or forced them to serve its ideas, despite internal contradictions.

"The atrocities of whites and reds competed in cruelty, alternately increasing in response to one another, as if multiplying. The blood made me sick, it came up to my throat, rushed to my head, my eyes swam with it ”,

- so writes Boris Pasternak. His hero does not want to be on anyone's side, as a true Russian intellectual is attracted to universal human truth. But no one succeeds in staying away from the war. A completely different fate - the fate that brings the heroine to the camp of the Bolsheviks, with Lyubov Yarovaya. The position of the author of the play, K. Trenev, is unambiguous - the life of Lyubov Yarovaya takes on meaning only in serving the people, the revolution, i.e. the Bolsheviks. True, the heroine must sacrifice her husband - Lieutenant Yarovoy.

“Russia Washed With Blood” - this is the name of the novel by Artyom Vesely, a writer who died in Stalin's dungeons. Many-voiced Russia, fighting, entangled in choice, passionate, strong, this is how the country appears in the novel. Its name is symbolic. This is how the attitude of all domestic writers to the topic of the civil war, regardless of their political and social orientation.

Reading works about the civil war, at the end of the twentieth century, we cannot but recall the words of Pushkin:

"God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."

Materials are published with the personal permission of the author - Ph.D. Maznevoy O.A.

Have you heard the expression? "When the cannons are thundering, the muses are silent." During the Great Patriotic War, the muses not only did not remain silent - they shouted, sang, called, inspired, stood up to their full height.

1941-1945 is probably one of the most terrible years in the history of the "Russian state". Tears, blood, pain and fear are the main "symbols" of that time. And despite this - courage, joy, pride in yourself and your loved ones. People supported each other, fought for the right to life, for peace on earth - and art helped them in this.

Suffice it to recall the words spoken by two German soldiers many years after the end of the war: “Then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war. We felt your strength, capable of overcoming hunger, fear and even death ... ”And on August 9 at the Leningrad Philharmonic, the orchestra performed the seventh symphony of D. D. Shostakovich ...

Music wasn't the only thing that helped people survive. It was during the war years that amazingly good films were shot, for example, "The Wedding" or "Hearts of Four". It was during these years that wonderful, immortal songs were sung, like "The Blue Handkerchief".

Nevertheless, literature played a huge role, perhaps the main one.

Writers and poets, literary men, critics, artists knew firsthand what war was. They saw her with their own eyes. Just read: K. Simonov, B. Okudzhava, B. Slutsky, A. Tvardovsky, M. Jalil, V. Astafiev, V. Grossman ... It is not surprising that their books, their work became a kind of chronicle of those tragic events - a beautiful and terrible chronicle ...

One of the most famous poems about the war is the short student four lines of Yulia Drunina - the lines of a frightened, agitated girl at the front:

I only saw a hand-to-hand fight,
Once in reality. And a thousand - in a dream.
Who says that war is not scary
He knows nothing about the war.

Forever the theme of the Great Patriotic War will remain in her work.

Perhaps one of the most terrible poems will be the work "Barbarism", which was written by the poet Musa Jalil. So much atrocity that the invaders showed, it seems, is not found in all wild animals in the world. Only a person is capable of such unspeakable cruelty:

My land, tell me, what's the matter with you?
You have often seen human grief,
You have bloomed for us for millions of years
But have you experienced at least once
Such a shame and barbarism?

Many more tears were shed, many bitter words were said about betrayal, cowardice and meanness, and even more - about nobility, selflessness and humanity, when, it would seem, nothing human could remain in the souls.

Let's remember Mikhail Sholokhov and his story "The Fate of a Man". It was written after the war, in the mid-50s, but its realism amazes even the modern reader's imagination. This is a short and, perhaps, not a unique story of a soldier who lost everything he had in the terrible years. And despite this, the main character, Andrei Sokolov, did not get embittered. Fate struck him one after another, but he coped - he took out his cross, continued to live.

Other writers and poets also dedicated their works to the years of the Great Patriotic War. Some helped the soldiers survive in battle - for example, Konstantin Simonov and his immortal Wait for Me, or Alexander Tvardovsky with Vasily Terkin. These works went beyond the boundaries of poetry. They were copied, cut out of newspapers, reprinted, sent to relatives and friends ... And all because the Word - the strongest weapon in the world - instilled in people the hope that man is stronger than war. He knows how to cope with any difficulties.

Other works told the bitter truth about the war - for example, Vasil Bykov and his story "Sotnikov".

Almost all the literature of the 20th century is in one way or another related to the theme of wartime. From books - huge novels, stories and short stories, we, a generation that did not find years of horror and fear, can learn about the greatest events of our history. Find out - and pay tribute to the Heroes, thanks to whom the peaceful sky turns blue over our heads.