Negative consequences of cultural globalization.
4. The impact of globalization on modern Russian culture.
Modern world in all its variety is one, and its parts are closely interrelated.
Globalization is the process of integrating states and peoples in different areas Activities, during which the mutual influence and interdependence of peoples and states increase.
The main causes of globalization:
- Transfer from industrial society To the information, to high technologies
- Using new communication technologies: Internet, satellite television
- transition from alternative selection ("or / or") to the diversity of choice
- Transition from centralization of the economy to its decentralization
- transition from the national economy to the world
The main directions of globalization
Activities of transnational corporations
Globalization financial markets
Globalization of migration processes
Instant movement of information
International Economic Integration within Individual Regions
Creation of international organizations in the economic and financial spheres: International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organization, etc.
The consequences of the process of globalization
Positive
1. Stimulating effect on the economy:
The appearance of the possibility of creating goods in those regions of the world, where their production will cost cheaper;
The emergence of the possibility of selling goods where it will give the maximum benefit;
Reduction of production costs;
The appearance of opportunities for further development production;
Profit growth;
Concentration of effort on the development of new advanced technologies;
NTR fruits can take advantage of countries that are not able to conduct their own scientific and technical research.
2. Rapid of states
3. Stimulating accounting of the interests of states and warning them from extreme actions in politics
4. The emergence of sociocultural unity of mankind
Negative:
- planting a single consumption standard
- creation of obstacles to the development of domestic production
- ignoring the economic and cultural and historical specificity of development different countries
- imposing a certain way of life, often contrary to the traditions of this society
- Registration of the idea of \u200b\u200brivalry: the most powerful states in economically aspire to leadership, which leads to an explosion of nationalism in economically underdeveloped countries
- loss of some specific damns National cultures
5. "Global problems" (the term appeared at the end of the 1960s. - A combination of human problems that have arisen in front of him in the second half of the XX century. And from the solution of which the existence of civilization depends on the solution.
6. These problems are global because:
affect all humanity;
manifest as an objective factor in the development of the general service;
ultimately require solutions;
investigate international cooperation of various countries (it is impossible to decide in one separate country);
the further fate of civilization depends on their solution.
7. Causes of global problems:
active transforming nature of human activity;
contradictions and conflicts become from local global due to the growing interdependence of humanity.
Main (priority) global problems
The problem of peace and disarmament, preventing new world war
Demographic
Overcoming the backwardness of developing countries
Food
Raw
Energy
Environmental
Use of the World Ocean
World development cosmos
All global problems are interrelated. It is impossible to solve each of them separately: humanity must solve them together, for the sake of saving life on the planet.
The main directions of the permission of global problems
- the formation of a new planetary consciousness. Human education on the principles of humanism. Wide informing people about global problems.
- Comprehensive study of the causes and contradictions, conditions leading to the emergence and exacerbation of problems
- Concentration of efforts of all countries to solve global problems. It is necessary to cooperate in the creation of the latest environmental technologies, the Global Regional Center for Global Problems, the Unified Fund for funds and resources, information exchange.
- the conclusion of international cooperation for a new quality level
- Observation and control over global processes on the planet. Obtaining objective information from each country and international studies is necessary for predicting and making decisions.
Clear international prediction system.
For cultural globalization It is characteristic of the rapprochement of business and consumer culture between different countries of the world and the growth of international communication. On the one hand, this leads to the promotion of certain types of national culture around the world. On the other hand, popular international cultural phenomena Can displace national or turn them into international. Many this is regarded as a loss of national cultural values \u200b\u200band are fighting for the revival of national culture.
Modern movies overlook the screens at the same time in many countries of the world, books are transferred and become popular with readers from different countries. A huge role in cultural globalization plays the widespread distribution of the Internet. In addition, international tourism is becoming increasingly distribution every year.
The results of the WORLD VALUES SURVEY study, in which 65 countries and 75% of the world's population were analyzed, showed that the main cultural values \u200b\u200bare preserved, despite globalization. Moreover, traditional values \u200b\u200bchanged under the influence of globalization and upgrades can be recovered.
Americanization
Globalization is often identified with Americanization, which is associated with the influence of the United States in the world in the second half of the 20th century. Hollywood produces most of the film for world rolled products. In the United States, world corporations are taken: Microsoft, Intel, AMD, Coca-Cola, Apple, Procter & Gamble, Pepsi and many others. McDonald's because of its prevalence in the world has become a kind of symbol of globalization. Comparing prices in different countries on the Bigmac sandwich from the local restaurant McDonald's, the Economist magazine analyzes the purchasing power of different currencies (Big Mac index).
Despite the fact that McDonald's often symbolizes globalization, at the closer look at the menu of these eateries takes into account local customs and very often includes many different local dishes. For example, in Hong Kong is a Sögunburger (pork teriyaki with a salad on a bun with sesame), in India - Makalu Tikkiburger, a vegetarian burger with potatoes, peas and spices, Makshaverm in Israel, Makarabia in Saudi Arabia and so on. Many other international corporations are also received in the same way, for example, Coca-Cola.
However, other countries contribute to globalization. For example, one of the symbols of globalization - IKEA - appeared in Sweden. The popular ICQ Instant Memory Service was first issued in Israel, and the well-known program for Skype IP telephony was developed by Estonian programmers.
Cultural globalization is the rapprochement of business and consumer
Cultures between different countries of the world and the growth of international communication. FROM
one hand, it leads to the popularization of individual species
National culture worldwide. On the other hand, popular
International cultural phenomena can exhibit national or
turn them into international.
You need to create something unique. For example, in production never
play to look like a more successful brand because it is not
rational. Creating a new concept, creators often come to success.
We will talk about some consequences of cultural globalization, which,
In our opinion, ruins the culture as a whole. So, the first consequence: planting a single standard of consumption. Scientists and critics believe that this moment in the world a single standard
Consumption is a culture of America. The process is so-called
"Americanization" originates in the second half of the twentieth century when
The United States has only been opened by large companies known for now
All world. Second: creation of obstacles to the development of domestic production. On the example of Russia, this is clearly seen that music, movies and
Literature is played according to the rules of lawmakers. Creating
"Good Hollywood Action" or "High-quality Western Musical
Product ", no one will reach the level. Copy attempt creates
Overcrossing the same images, making them all boring and more boring. Third consequence: ignoring economic and cultural and historical
The specifics of the development of different countries. Some countries, especially poor, completely cease to develop
Alone, since their culture often suppresses a culture more
Developed and rich in the country. For example, the construction of roads or reform
Education introduced by someone else's country destroys the culture of the country in
which are made such changes. And finally, the fourth: the loss of any specific features of the national
cultures. Due to hasty attempts to speed up the progress of globalization of culture people
A self-esteem is lost. West offers surrogates for their
subculture or suggests the population for unrealized dreams of "beautiful
life ", forcing whole nations with a centuries-old history to abandon
His culture in favor of someone else's. "The people without a national identity - there is a manure on which
Other peoples grow. "
© PA Stolypin Thank you for your attention: 3
Presentation is prepared by:
Lapin Yaroslav,
Antonov Stanislav,
Reshetnikov Bogdan,
Evgeny Bar,
Alexandra Pavlevskaya
In the modern world there is a significant strengthening of links between individuals, organizations and states, the interdependence between them is growing. Humanity develops, expanding its connections and contacts. People are more deeply aware of themselves as a single community, where everyone is associated with many thousands of other people in all ends of the earth.
Modern world In the whole manifold one, and its parts are closely interrelated.
Globalization - The process of integrating states and peoples in different areas of activity.
The main causes of globalization: transition from industrial society to information, to high technologies; transition from the centralization of the economy to its decentralization; transition from the national economy to the world; transition from alternative selection ("or / or") to the selection manifold; Use of new communication technologies: Internet, satellite television.
Globalization is a process during which the mutual influence and interdependence of peoples and states increase.
The main directions of globalization : activities of transnational corporations with branches worldwide; globalization of financial markets; International economic integration within the framework of individual regions; Creation of international organizations in the economic and financial spheres: International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organization, etc.
The formation of the global economy creates the interdependence of the economies of individual states. The success or crisis of countries significantly affects the whole world. Power becomes powerless to global processes. It pushes into the unification of the efforts of different countries to solve socio-economic and political issues, for example, an expanding European Economic Community.The consequences of the process of globalization.
Positive:
Stimulating effect on the economy: - the appearance of the possibility of creating goods in those regions of the world, where their production will cost cheaper; - the emergence of the possibility of selling goods where it will give the maximum benefit; - reduction of production costs; - the emergence of opportunities for the further development of production; - profit growth; - concentration of efforts on the development of new advanced technologies; - NTR fruits can take advantage of countries that are not able to conduct their own scientific and technical research;
Rapprochement of states;
Stimulating the interests of states and warning them from extreme actions in politics;
The emergence of socio-cultural unity of mankind.
Negative:
Planting a single consumption standard;
Creation of obstacles to the development of domestic production;
Ignoring the economic and cultural and historical specifics of the development of different countries;
Imposing a certain way of life, often contrary to the traditions of this society;
Registration of the idea of \u200b\u200brivalry: the most powerful state in economically aspire to leadership, which leads to an explosion of nationalism in economically underdeveloped countries;
The loss of some specific features of national cultures.
On the issue of the formation of one humanity, there are the following points of view:
- The unity of humanity is only apparent. People speak thousands of languages, confess different religions, adhere to various values. The world is not at all. He is diverse and multiple.- The modern world does not leave a large space for a variety. People different corners The planets eat the same products, look at the same TV shows, read the same literature, etc. The existing differences should disappear due to the information revolution that covers the whole world today.
- The world is one and diverse. The stronger the trend towards unity, the brighter the variety of cultures, lifestyles is manifested, social values. One does not contradict the other. The unity of mankind complements his diversity.
The main factors of unity modern humanity and their consequences:1) a change in communication tools - almost all corners and regions of the planet were connected to a single information flow;
2) Changing transport - the speed of moving from one part of the light to another. The world became available for movement;
3) Character modern technology - the threat of destruction of all mankind is real;4) the economy - production, markets have become truly world, production relations have the basis of the unity of modern humanity;
5) Global problems - their decision is possible only by the common efforts of the entire world community.
IN modern era Humanity acquires unity not only anthropological - as a biological species, but also social - uniting in a holistic world social system, and cultural - because in interchange achievements different cultures A single universal culture is formed.
Antiglobalism, its causes and manifestations.
Antihaglobalism - Public and political movement directed against certain aspects of the processglobalization in its modern form, in particular against the domination of global transnational corporations and trade and government organizations, such asWorld Trade Organization (WTO).
The concept of globalization entered the scientific turnover in the 90s of the XX century. There are many concepts explaining the nature of globalization, its essence and consequences. Globalization is manifested in all major spheres of life human societyIn particular, it affects the formation of political institutions and flow political processes on the different levels. Consideration of the globalization process is relevant, since globalization is the context of modern social development.
Against the background of globalization changes, the end of the 90s of the XX century and start XXI century marked a surge of activity public associationsderived from anti-globalist. These organizations defend the interests of various, and, sometimes, wide segments of the population. They react to manifestations, in their opinion, social injustice in different areas Society in terms of globalization. They nominate their requirements for national governments and international organizations affecting the situation of citizens. Anti-globalistic movement differs from the social movements of past years and is in many ways new Type political actor. Groups and associations that make it up, have a peculiar organization. They apply a relatively new social tactics. The movement puts forward alternatives modern forms Public Development.
For the participants of the anti-globalistic movement, the issue of developing a more or less consolidated constructive position is relevant. Combining efforts public organizations In the work on alternative socio-economic projects is designed to serve the practice of social forums. The central phenomenon in this area was the World Social Forum (VF).
Nevertheless, it is believed that anti-globalism originated in France. In June 1998, several French publications, public associations and trade unions united in the Association of Citizens for Taxation financial operations, "Attak -Frantia" (ATTAC - Association for the TAXATION OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FOR THE AID OF CITIZENS). The main requirement of attack is the establishment of Tobin tax (tax proposed in 1972 nobel laureate James Tobin). Its essence is that 0.1% of all financial transactions is sent to the fight against poverty and raising the economy of the third world countries. In addition, the organization is in favor of debiting debts to developing countries.