How Pierre is going through Dolokhov's wound. Duel of Pierre with Dolokhov

Duel of Pierre with Dolokhov. (Analysis of an episode from Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" vol. II, part I, chap. IV, V)

Enemies! How long have we been apart
Their lust for blood took away.
A.S. Pushkin.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" consistently pursues the idea of ​​the predetermined destiny of man.
He can be called a fatalist. This is vividly, truthfully and logically proved in the scene of Dolokhov's duel with Pierre. Purely civilian
man - Pierre wounded Dolokhov in a duel - a brute, a hangman, a fearless warrior. But Pierre absolutely could not handle
weapons. Before the duel, the second Nesvitsky explained to Bezukhov "where to press."
But I'll start from the very beginning. The episode about the duel between Pierre Bezukhov and Dolokhov is in the second volume,
the first part, chapters four and five of the epic novel, and it can be called "Unconscious deed." It starts with
descriptions of lunch in an English club, in this time runs war with Napoleon 1805-1807. Everyone is sitting at the table, eating,
drink. They raise toasts to the emperor and his health. The dinner is attended by Bagration, Naryshkin, Count Rostov, Denisov,
Dolokhov, Bezukhov. Pierre “does not see or hear anything happening around him, and thinks about one thing, difficult and
insoluble ". He is tormented by the question: are Dolokhov and his wife Helen really lovers? "Whenever a glance
him meets the beautiful, impudent eyes of Dolokhov, Pierre feels how something terrible, ugly rises in
to his soul. " And after the toast uttered by his "enemy": "For health beautiful women, and their lovers ", Bezukhov understands
that his suspicions are not in vain. A conflict is brewing!
the set of which occurs when Dolokhov snatches out a piece of paper intended for Pierre. The count summons the offender to
duel, but he does it hesitantly, timidly, one might even think that the words: "You ... you ... a scoundrel! .. I challenge you ..." - by accident
break away from him. He does not realize what this fight can lead to, neither do the seconds: Nesvitsky -
Pierre's second, Nikolai Rostov - Dolokhov's second. The behavior of all these heroes indicates this. On the eve of the duel
Dolokhov sits at the club all night listening to gypsies and songwriters. He is confident in himself, in his strength, goes with a firm intention
to kill an opponent, but this is only an appearance, his soul is restless. His opponent, on the other hand, “has the appearance of a busy man.
some considerations that are not at all related to the upcoming case. His sunken face is yellow. He apparently did not sleep
at night". The count still doubts the correctness of his actions, realizes: Helen's lover is to blame; what would he do on the spot
Dolokhova. Pierre does not know what to do: either run away, or l!
and see it through to the end. But when Nesvitsky tries to reconcile him with his opponent, Bezukhov refuses, while calling
all stupidity. Dolokhov doesn't want to hear anything at all. Despite the refusal of reconciliation, the duel does not begin for a long time due to
unconsciousness of the deed, which Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy characterizes as follows: “For about three minutes everything was ready, and yet
hesitated to begin. All were silent. " The indecision of the characters also conveys the description of nature - it is sparse and laconic:
fog and thaw. Began. Dolokhov when they began to disperse. He walked slowly, his mouth had a semblance of a smile, he realizes
owl superiority and wants to show that he is not afraid of anything. Pierre, on the other hand, walks quickly, straying off the beaten track, he is like
would be trying to run away, to finish everything as soon as possible. Perhaps that is why he shoots first, while at random, flinching from
strong sound, and hurts the opponent.
“At the word three, Pierre walked forward with a brisk step ... right hand apparently afraid, as if from
this gun does not kill itself. Left hand he diligently put it back ... After walking six steps and straying off the path
into the snow, Pierre looked back at his feet, again quickly glanced at Dolokhov and, pulling his finger, as he was taught, fired ... "
there was no return shot. "... Dolokhov's hasty steps were heard ... With one hand he held on to his left side ..."
Shooting, Dolokhov missed .. Dolokhov's injury and his unsuccessful attempt to kill the count are the culmination of the episode.
Then there is a decline in action and a denouement, which is what all the heroes are experiencing. Pierre doesn't understand anything
he is full of remorse and regret, barely holding back sobs, clutching his head, goes back somewhere into the forest, that is, runs away from
deed, from their fear. Dolokhov does not regret anything, does not think about himself, about his pain, but is afraid for his mother, whom
he causes suffering.
At the end of the duel, according to Tolstoy, the highest justice was accomplished. Dolokhov, whom Pierre received at his home
in a friendly way, helped with money in memory of an old friendship, disgraced Bezukhov by seducing his wife. But Pierre is not at all
ready for the role of "judge" and "executioner" at the same time, he repents of what happened, thanks God that he did not kill Dolokhov.
Pierre's humanism disarms, already before the duel he was ready to repent of everything, but not because of fear, but because he was sure
of Helen's guilt. He tries to justify Dolokhov: “Maybe I would do the same in his place,” thought Pierre.
- Even, probably, I would have done the same. Why is this duel, this murder? " Helen's worthlessness and meanness are so obvious
that Pierre is ashamed of his act, this woman should not take a sin on her soul - to kill a man for her. Pierre
it is terrible that he almost ruined his own soul, as he had before - his life, linking it with Helen.
From this episode, we learn that Dolokhov is rude, self-confident, impudent only from the outside, but in fact “..
..this brawler, brether ... was the most gentle son and brother ... ". This proves one of the author's assertions that not everything is so
obviously, understandable and unambiguous, as it seems at first glance. Life is much more complex and diverse than we are about it
think, know, or presume. In this episode, Leo Tolstoy showed how an extreme situation changes a person,
reveals his real face.
Great philosopher Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy teaches to be humane, fair, tolerant of the shortcomings and vices of people,
for "who is without sin."

/ / / Duel of Pierre with Dolokhov (based on the novel by Tolstoy "War and Peace")

The novel "War and Peace" is simply overflowing with a variety of characters that accurately and deftly convey the ordinary realities of life, which depict the essence of society and devotion common people... The relationship of the heroes reveals the brightest to the readers. human feelings- this is love, and hatred, and devotion.

Pierre Bezukhov can be called the main character of the novel. From the first to last page of a grandiose work, we can observe its spiritual evolution, its inner revolution.

Pierre marries. The author emphasizes that this person was very freedom-loving and dissolute. Kuragina agrees to a marriage with Bezukhov just for the sake of inheritance. The woman did not experience any feelings of love for her legal spouse. It was for this reason that she completely calmly turned on lovers and did not hide this fact at all.

Of course, this situation outraged Pierre and he decided to challenge one of his wife's libertines, Dolokhov, to a duel. Bezukhov understood that it costs nothing to kill and injure Dolokhov, he admitted to himself that he was afraid of such a duel. However, after another impudent trick of Dolokhov, Bezukhov feels a furious explosion inside his chest and challenges the hater to a duel.

And now the moment of the duel has come. Dolokhov does not react in any way to the reconciliation proposed by the seconds Denisov and Nesvitsky. He is determined to fight. The seconds understood that a real murder lay ahead. They tried to slow down the start of the duel. Everyone realized what a hopeless situation the innocent Pierre was in. However, there is nothing to be done!

The first to stretch out his hand, absurdly holding the pistol and afraid of hurting himself from clumsiness. He shoots and hits Dolokhov, who falls into the snow. However, even after being wounded, the restless rival responds with a shot, but, luckily, he misses and Pierre remains alive.

After the duel, the reader sees completely different heroes. Dolokhov bursts into tears, worried about his mother, who, having learned about what happened, may not survive the news of her son's injury. Pierre realizes the stupidity of his act, its uselessness and decides to break off relations with Helene. During a conversation with his wife, Pierre does not look like himself. He is angry, he is determined to break the relationship, wanting to finish everything and leave for St. Petersburg.

After this life stage Pierre associates himself with Freemasonry. It turns out that the duel between Bezukhov and Dolokhov became a kind a turning point in the life of the protagonist, which gave birth to a complete evolution in the soul of Pierre.

Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" not only shows us realistically reliable events of the times Napoleonic Wars, not only gives intricate weave artistic and ideological concepts of the author, but also responds to main question formulated in the title of the novel. According to the author, there are two main directions in history - to the unification of people and to their separation. Unity occurs when people are united not only by social equality, but also by a common idea, a goal, as happened in the war with Napoleon, they can be united by friendship, love, family, common interests. The separation of people occurs due to human pride, individualism, the elevation of the personality. Also, moral vices play their destructive role in the separation of people. It is this moment in the relationship between Pierre and Dolokhov that is shown to us in the duel scene. After all, they were once friends. Their enmity began when Dolokhov decided, at the expense of Pierre, to realize his ambitions, to establish himself as a person, while compromising all moral principles. Pierre, having married, out of old friendship, invites Dolokhov to live in his house - as a result, Dolokhov becomes Helene's lover. Pierre, of course, did not even suspect about anything, because such meanness simply could not have occurred to him, but he receives an anonymous letter shedding light on the relationship between Helen and Dolokhov.

At a dinner in honor of Bagration at the English Club, Pierre painfully ponders the contents of the letter, tries to analyze everything that happened. Dolokhov sits at dinner opposite Pierre, and when Pierre looked at him, he "felt that something terrible, ugly was understood in his soul." Pierre reflects: "It would have been a special charm for him to disgrace my name and laugh at me, precisely because I was working for him and looked after him, helped him." Pierre recalls the attacks of cruelty that were found on Dolokhov and which Pierre witnessed. Pierre understands that it costs nothing to Dolokhov to kill a man. Tolstoy again repeats the thought that when he looked at Dolokhov, "something terrible and ugly arose in his soul." The author aggravates the situation, shows how all the people around Dolokhov begin to behave insolently, just like him, including Rostov. Everyone who falls into Dolokhov's orbit seems to be infected with cynicism, disrespect for others, impudence from him. Looking at Pierre, Dolokhov proclaims a toast to the pretty women and their lovers. This is at least inappropriate in commemoration of the hero, the winner of the battle of Shengraben. The servant wants to give Pierre the text of a cantata in honor of Bagration, but Dolokhov snatches the leaf out of Pierre's hands. Pierre's cup of patience was overflowing: “Something terrible and ugly, which agitated him during the whole meal, rose up and took possession of him. He bent his entire corpulent body across the table. “Don't you dare take! he shouted. " Dolokhov, perfectly understanding Pierre's condition, looks at him with "bright, cheerful, cruel eyes, with the same smile." Pierre challenged Dolokhov to a duel.

The contrast between these characters is interesting, which is especially noticeable before the duel. Dolokhov is calm, he does not feel any pangs of conscience at all, excitement too, moreover, he explains to Rostov the reason for his calmness: "You go with a firm intention to kill him as soon as possible and as soon as possible, then everything is in order." That is, he himself goes to a duel with the firm intention of killing a man to whom he owes a lot, to whom he is guilty, to whom he ruined his life.

Pierre did not sleep all night before the duel, thinking about what had happened: “Two considerations exclusively occupied him: the guilt of his wife, in which after sleepless night there was no longer the slightest doubt, and the innocence of Dolokhov, who had no reason to preserve the honor of a stranger to him. " Pierre is so noble and magnanimous that he forgets about the insult that this man has inflicted on him, about the bad influence on others that Dolokhov has, about his causeless cruelty, cynicism, and his desire to denigrate everything and everyone. But nevertheless, he is ready for a duel, and there can be no reconciliation that the seconds offer him and his rival, as it should be according to the rules of a duel. But Pierre had never in his life held a pistol in his hands. He asks the second: "You just tell me how to go where and where to shoot?" Pierre looks like a big, good-natured child who has never harmed anyone in his life. And such a person wants to kill the insignificance of Dolokhov!

And then the opponents began to converge. “Pierre walked forward with brisk steps, straying off the beaten path and walking on solid snow. Pierre was holding the pistol, stretching out his right hand forward, apparently afraid that this pistol might kill himself. He diligently put his left hand back, because he wanted to support his right hand with it, but he knew that this was impossible. " All the details of the description of the hero emphasize his inexperience in matters of a duel, the absolute impossibility for him to kill anyone. Pierre shoots without aiming and wounds Dolokhov. Dolokhov, falling into the snow, wants to make his shot. Pierre, shocked by what he had done, stands in front of Dolokhov's pistol, not even trying to cover himself with a weapon: "Pierre, with a meek smile of repentance, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him." The seconds even closed their eyes, realizing that Pierre would be killed. But Dolokhov missed. "Past!" he shouted. How much anger at himself sounds in this scream because he did not kill Pierre. And Pierre "grabbed his head and, turning back, went into the forest, walking entirely in the snow and uttering incomprehensible words aloud." “Stupid ... stupid! Death… lies… ”- Pierre repeats. For him, the very thought that he almost killed a man is monstrous, and for Dolokhov, the fact that he did not kill Pierre is terrible. This antithesis allows us to understand the philosophical concept of Tolstoy: violence should not be a way to resolve conflicts, there is nothing more precious than human life.

The wounded Dolokhov was taken home, and Rostov, who was his second, was surprised to learn that "Dolokhov, this brawler, Dolokhov, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchbacked sister and was the most tender son and brother." All the more terrible is Dolokhov's wine, who plays with other people's lives, and with his own, knowing that his loved ones love him, worry and suffer because of him.

For Pierre, the duel was a turning point in life: he thinks about the meaning of life, reconsiders his actions, changes his views. One thing remains unchanged: his kindness, spiritual generosity, generosity. And in the scene of the duel these best qualities Pierre manifested themselves in full.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy always talked about fiction as a collection of thoughts, "linked together" and only in such a cohesion of existing ones. And the whole piece is a "labyrinth of couplings". Its meaning is born from the "cohesion" of images, episodes, pictures, motives, details. Tolstoy always spoke ironically about those readers who are trying to find separate thoughts in separate scenes. Each small scene already carries the "big" idea of ​​the entire novel. It is like a facet, like one of the turns in the "maze".

The duel between Pierre and Dolokhov is one of the most important milestone events in life path Pierre, the end of one stage and the beginning of another.

Already during the dinner preceding the duel, Pierre was sitting, "eyes fixed, with an air of complete absent-mindedness ... His face was sad and gloomy." He is completely immersed in himself. One gets the feeling that he is tormented by a problem that he cannot solve for himself. It seems that two principles collide in him: his characteristic complacency and a principle alien to him: aggressiveness, egoism, inherent in such heroes as Dolokhov, Anatol Kuragin, Napoleon. Both of these beginnings continue to struggle at Pierre throughout the episode.

And gradually the state that Lev Nikolaevich called the word "war" begins to take possession of the hero:

Pierre looked at Dolokhov, his pupils dropped, something terrible and ugly, which had agitated him during the whole meal, rose up and took possession of him.

Further, it would seem that the victory of this beginning was not so unconditional, since Pierre was not sure of Dolokhov's guilt and of his right to judge him. But the hope turned out to be illusory, because at once it sounded soberingly that “exactly at those moments when such thoughts came to him, he, with a particularly calm and absent-minded air ... asked:“ Is it soon and is it ready? ”. And then, in response to the timid thought that what he and Dolokhov had started, “terribly stupid,” sounds harsh:

No, what to talk about! .. Anyway ...

Pierre's mind no longer obeys him, the hero does not control himself. And this happens not only with Pierre, but also with other heroes. The kindest and most honest Nikolai Rostov "looked unkindly at Pierre" at dinner. One gets the impression that the eyes of the heroes are veiled. It’s not in vain, probably, in the clearing where the duel takes place, there is such a fog that the heroes can hardly see each other already forty steps away. Because of the fog, they "vaguely" distinguish that people have gone in opposite directions, and not abstract figures. For Dolokhov, everything that happens in the clearing is not a duel, but a hunt: killing a man means the same thing to a hunter not to let a bear go. But still, something confuses the heroes, something they distinguish in the fog, something stops them. They hesitate to begin. Everyone is silent.

But for the author it is obvious that the deed must be done independently of the will of the people. And it happened, despite the fact that the struggle continues in Pierre. The author says that “Pierre walked forward with brisk steps, straying off the trodden path ...”, but obeying Dolokhov's shout, he began to aim. There is a smile of "regret and remorse" on his face, but he is helpless in the face of the power that took possession of him during lunch.

After this episode of his life, Pierre will plunge into a strange state for a while. He will not be able to tie together the historical and life facts, he will have a feeling that his mind is idle, he will lose the sense of the integrity of the world, which for him will disintegrate into separate small parts, being plunged into a state of "war".

So a little episode becomes a labyrinthine twist great novel, and the thought contained in it is the facet of the main one, which in Tolstoy's language sounds like “war and peace”.

Pierre Bezukhov and officer Dolokhov (Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace")

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" consistently pursues the idea of ​​the predetermined destiny of man. He can be called a fatalist. This is vividly, truthfully and logically proved in the scene of Dolokhov's duel with Pierre. A purely civilian man - Pierre wounded Dolokhov in a duel - a brute, a hangman, a fearless warrior. But Pierre could not handle weapons at all. Before the duel, the second Nesvitsky explained to Bezukhov "where to press."

“At the word three, Pierre walked forward with a brisk step ... he held the pistol, stretching out his right hand forward, apparently afraid that this pistol might kill himself. He diligently put his left hand back ... After walking six paces and knocking off the path in the snow, Pierre looked back at his feet, again quickly glanced at Dolokhov and, pulling his finger, as he had been taught, fired ... ”There was no response. "... Dolokhov's hasty steps were heard ... With one hand he held on to his left side ..." Having fired, Dolokhov missed. Here, according to Tolstoy, the highest justice was accomplished. Dolokhov, whom Pierre received in his house as a friend, helped with money in memory of an old friendship, disgraced Bezukhov by seducing his wife.

But Pierre is completely unprepared for the role of "judge" and "executioner" at the same time, he regrets what happened, thanks God that he did not kill Dolokhov. Pierre's humanism disarms, already before the duel he was ready to repent of everything, but not out of fear, but because he was sure of Helene's guilt. He tries to justify Dolokhov: “Maybe I would have done the same in his place,” thought Pierre. “Even, probably, I would have done the same. Why is this duel, this murder? " Helene's insignificance and baseness are obvious, that Pierre is ashamed of his act. This woman is not worth taking a sin on her soul - to kill a man for her.

Pierre is terrified that he almost ruined his own soul, as before - his life, linking it with Helene. After the duel, taking the wounded Dolokhov home, Nikolai Rostov learned that "Dolokhov, this brawler, a bruiser, Dolokhov, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchbacked sister and was the most tender son and brother ...". Here one of the author's statements is proved that not everything is as obvious, understandable and unambiguous as it seems at first glance. Life is much more complex and diverse than we think, know or assume. The great philosopher Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy teaches to be humane, fair, tolerant of the shortcomings and vices of people, for "who is without sin." By the scene of Dolokhov's duel with Pierre Bezukhov, Tolstoy gives a Lesson: it is not for us to judge what is fair and what is unfair, not everything obvious is unambiguously and easily solvable.