How to split the figure into three equal parts. Objectives for cutting. They are painted. Cut square on

The following principles and laws are aimed at explaining how our brains form figures from each area. According to Gestalt psychologists, human perception gives visual sensory impressions of the categories of figures and land. Suppose we are lying in the meadow in the forest, watching the passing machine. In this landscape, the landscape is the cause. The passing car rises like a figure from her.

• It is easier to remember than the background.
• The drawing is in front of the background.
• The background extends behind the figure and is considered as an unformed material.
• The contours separating the shape from the background are perceived as part of the figure.

Perception fluctuates between these two impressions. Therefore, for successful educational design, it is necessary to take into account the clear separation of the figure and the mind so that students can perceive as functional units. But for what signs do we distinguish the figure and background? This question cannot be answered on a fixed basis, as other gestalt-laws can play here. As a rule, we tend to perceive the symmetric form as a figure. Even the convex areas are perceived as a figure.

We tend to notice smaller components of the form, and not numbers, and not larger. Even the orientation of the components plays the role, vertical or horizontally oriented surfaces are perceived with a greater probability than the figure. Left: two identical contours are parallel. Middle: If one of the contours is reflected symmetrically, the impression of a holistic figure is created. Right: Here the impression of the figure is enhanced even more, because the convex form is recognized.

In accordance with the law of symmetry, symmetric mechanisms attract the attention of the observer noticeably. Thus, the symmetric system supports a clear content structure. In a gestalt psychological sense, a well-formed balance is achieved when the visual elements are uniformly distributed on both sides of the axis. On the other hand, unbalanced screen designs interfere with consideration and can lead to additional cognitive load, distracted by the real task of learning.

In the following animation, you usually group objects based on their direction of movement, and not the same look. Also pay attention to objects that also rotate around the center of gravity. They are also perceived as belonging to each other. Figure 15: Incredit forms.

The closing law describes the organization of visual incentives in visually perceived entities. As can be seen from the schedule, we perceive closed forms Like independent objects. This impression may be provoked by valid unity, but only on his suggestion. At the same time, we tend to fill gaps and incomplete forms.

Figure 16: Closed by frame. In the context of learning, the unlocked forms and incomplete visual templates lead to an irritation at the student. Avoid this in order not to strain the cognitive forces of your students without the need. Use the closing law to designate important statements. Illustrations can be clearly distinguished by a frame or accompanying text. Related items are in good hands In a closed box.

Figure 17: Closed on the Euler diagram. These diagrams are suitable for visualization of values. Indicates that interrelated forms are perceived as one entity and can cancel other laws of gestalta, such as proximity or similarity. The following examples illustrate it.

Often different numbers Can be separated from the ground, as well as the grouping can be performed in different ways for the same presentation. In accordance with what rules, do we solve between alternative possible perceptions? The law of brevity is also called the law of goodwood - refers to the trend of perception by a person's optical incentives as simple as possible. In accordance with this mechanism, we see the overlapping triangle and the rectangle in the figure, and not an abstract polygon.

Good figures take into account the perception of simplicity, symmetry, regularity and continuity. Famous, memorable logos usually correspond to this picture. To create visuals tutorials This means that you have to have simple structures and symmetric layout. This style allows you to focus on the main content.

Equal parts so that in each of them

The law of simplicity follows the mechanism of human perception to simplify the visual impressions from the fact that the viewer can unconsciously understand. This mechanism works well if the graphic message remains simple. Complex and overloaded educational content projects not only prevent the concentration of students, but also seem to be counterproductive: ambiguous elements can produce completely unintentional conclusions in the process of simplifying perception. Therefore, "simple" images - as well as left to convey the astronomical figure "Southern Cross" - are dyedactically more valuable than overloaded with redundant information.

Figure 21: Law of Continuity. Continue the path is an instinctive eye response when it receives a directional impulse. Closely associated with the law of continuity - the law of smooth progression. We tend to "continue" contours that have smooth transitions, i.e. Hour about any sharp changes in direction, breaks or corners. Since the line works more smoothly from A to B than from A to C, we see it as such.

These two laws help to see objects properly separately or together. Figure 22: Chart, taking into account and excluding continuity. Two charts in Fig. 22 are identical in their structure. In the diagram, there was a law of continuity, which allows you to see what circles are connected, and which are not.

How and how we learn the right form at the end of the organization of perception, also depends on how familiar with the figures depicted and the environment in which they are located. In the interpretation of optical impressions, the brain relies on the already accumulated experience. There are cultural differences. The bright example is road signs. According to the law of isomorphic agreement, we will learn from each of the neighboring badges that it will lead us to the starting page. Use well-known symbols for visual design. educational materials: for example, for printed sheets, for mail contact or marking a document for a hearing.

This facilitates intuitive availability. In principle, however, this feature should also be explained as text for symbols that are usually not clear. Figures can also have different values, depending on which coordinate system they are integrated. In the example of the left you see the rhombus in the top row and square next to it. However, if you change the environment, drawing a rotating rectangle around the figures, you will see a sloping square or inclined rhombus.

Figure 25: Arrow with various support frames. Another example is the round button with the right arrow. In combination with the other arrow, we recognize the navigation element in it. If you connect the arrow with a pause symbol, we will think about the playback control of audio or video. The reference system changes perception. This can cause an irritation or a clearer view depending on the situation. For example, avoid the use of the same characters in different environments For different purposes.

In the following considerations, we assume that we know the formula for the circumference, but not the formula for the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle. We think about a circle consisting of many concentric rings. You can also recall the pair of paper roll. Now we cut a circle from the top to the middle and let the fall of individual leaves on the left and right on the table. The sequence of numbers shows that in slow motion.

Leaves fall, as from afar. We get for surface content. But this is also the area of \u200b\u200bthe contents of the circle. We can also omit leaves down. At the end, the Red region has the same size as the white round area. Now you can do the following.

We know the formula for the circumference. The cross-section of the compressed roll consists of two semicircles of the radius and rectangle. This rectangle has a height and length; This is half the circumference of the inner circle. For the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe compressed roll, we get.

Two cross-section areas are the same, therefore. We divide the circle to part. My mom made all sorts of suitable and unsuitable cases, she would bake a cake and allowed me to cut some of them. Now we divide into four parts of the same size.

The fact that four parts have the same size can be seen as follows: the inner circle is equal to half the diameter of a large circle. If one figure has the same form as the other, but it is half lonoving, then its area is only one quarter of the square of another figure. The outer ring, thus, has three times the large surface area of \u200b\u200bthe inner part; For a third ring together with the inside, four flat parts are obtained.

In the following two drawings, we see a unit for nine or 16 equal parts. They are located in three or four rings. Nine or 16 equal parts. Rings contain parts from the inside outward, and in general the same details are manufactured. Circles with the same radius are performed until the first, until the same details are achieved as you want to divide into the segment. Constant of the proportionality of the second to the first -: 7 - to obtain a similar pattern, the lengths of the figures are multiplied, since the length of the side of the source mesh is multiplied. Parallel must be conducted by the fourth part of one of the parties, measure, trace the bisector or divide on the fairytale theorem one of the parties in 4 equal parts. The measures shown in the figure are expressed in centimeters. Because they are similar, new triangles must form a proportion with it. The proportions were obtained by multiplication on the same number. At this point, the shadow of the vertical yard of 1 meter is 40 centimeters. Since the rays of the sun are parallel, they form equal angles from the horizontal. Therefore, triangles formed by the shadows of the tower and the rod are like. Then the triangles are similar and can be made proportions. Find the area of \u200b\u200bthe second triangle. Find the scale, knowing that both cities are at a distance of 66 kilometers. These triangles are similar? The best way Place triangles, see their similarity, - have a common corner. Therefore, triangles are similar. The sides of the graph are obtained by multiplying the values \u200b\u200bof their measurements in the likeness plane. At the same time, another pine is 1, 60 meters projects shadow for 80 centimeters. Since the rays of the sun are parallel, they form equal corners with the horizon. It is called unequal side. At the same time, the shadow of the vertical stick is 1 meter 0, 4 meters. Since the rays of the sun are parallel, they form equal angles with a horizontal horizon.

• Any beam is drawn on any of the ends of the segment.
• And with the center in a draws a circle of an arbitrary radius, which cuts 1 on the beam.
• Just move the measurement of the segments on the beam.