Sophisticated words with Kommersant and sign. Words with a solid sign: Basic groups and spelling rules

The class) is difficult for understanding and absorbed far from all students firmly and for a long time. This article describes how to study the procedure for writing words with dividing "B", and also provide examples of tasks to secure the obtained skills and skills.

Studying the topic is advisable to smash to the steps:

1. Setting the problem task. On the board are written words: monkeys, sat, pouring, flakes, Wuh. Students are invited to read words, detect a discrepancy. As a result of reasoning, students are concluded that there are not enough soft sign in the proposed words. Next focuses on the role of a soft sign in these words, in other words, for which it is needed here. It follows the response of students that in these words, a soft sign shares vowel and consonant. In such cases, "B" received the name of the separation.
2. No less important for students - to be able to find the dividing "b" in words and understand what function it performs in the word. Practically, we reveal the difference in the pronunciation of the Slots Pier - Py, Nu - New, Le - Leo, Bi - Bay. In the second case, our lips are "smiling" a little wider. The conclusion is made: the syllables containing a dividing soft mark are pronounced, with overcoming some obstacles. And what is this obstacle? Students point to the presence between the consonants and vowel sound of the sound [y ']. Next, it is necessary to secure the mined knowledge using the motor memory. With the help of the hands, let students be shown by the road, which you need to drive any syllables in which there is a separation soft sign, will be denoted by the bumps. The route may look something like this: TI - Lia - Py - Syo - hell. Next, you can arrange a competition among students to define the most experienced rider.
3. Observation of the proposed words (at night, sews, sons, sunday, streams) will allow students to determine the place where the separation soft sign is required.

Rule: "The dividing" b "should be written inside the words after consonant letters before the vowels I, E, Yu, E, and".

For a solid memorization, the rule must be issued as a reference table.

To secure the studied use the following exercises:

1. Remove the syllables with the dividing b and without it under dictation.
Nyu, Nye, Py, Rye ...

2. Training to pronounce words with a dividing soft sign. Cleaners:

Tank tank tank on Tatiana dress.

On Daria's road, I saw Marwe. Daria Rada Marya. Marya Rada Daria.

Proverbs:

Reduce the city take.

Himself with Sparrow, and the heart with a cat.

[L'IS'Ti'a] - leaves

[Night'y'u] - Night

I am a white wall. - Buttons were sewed to new liny.

Hungry beast always lyut. - Fresh rains in the fall.

We are glad to an expensive guest. - Invite our guest here.

5. Forget adjectives:

bull - bull;

dog - dog;

crow - Voronene;

fox - fox.

6. We exercise in the formation of words with a dividing soft sign on the sample:

friends;

sparrow - Sparrow;

chair - chairs.

7. Formed the patronymic of their own samples:

Yura - Yuryevich, Yuryevna;

Ilya - Ilch, Ilinichna;

Valera - Valerevich, Valerievna.

8. We find and emphasize the words in the texts with a dividing soft sign.

9. We distribute in 2 columns words with a soft sign. In the first, write down the words with a dividing soft sign, in which the "b" will designate the softness of the consonant, in the second - to divide the consonant and vowel.

10. We write with commenting and breaking the riddles:

Around the water, but with drinking trouble. (Sea).

Who falls in the spring and falls? (Bear.)

11. Independent drafting of small vocabulars, which will contain words to the studied rule.

EXAMPLE: Singing the light, they whip the sparrows, on the bumps of trees, playing at the stream, crept on flakes, tightened with ice, singing the nightingale, bird screams, drink water.

12. We read the text and write it in memory:

Bird friendly family wears bitch for housing. The sun priges - the housewarming will guide.

13. We read, write and explain the meaning of phrases:

turtle step

our smaller brothers

Following the proposed exercises, children will enshrine the knowledge gained and will remember forever, as words are written with a dividing soft sign.

\u003e\u003e Russian language 2 class \u003e\u003e Russian language: dividing soft sign (b)

Separate soft sign (b)

The role and importance of a soft sign in Russian

Today at the Russian language lesson, we will study a special letter called a soft sign. Such a letter, as a soft sign, does not and does not mean any sound, but its role is to designate the softness of the consonant sounds on the letter.

For example: Bal, stranded, coal, seal, laziness, sorry, horse.

But, besides, the soft sign is an indicator of the softness of consonant sounds, it is also dividing.

And so, now we can sum up and conclude that such a letter, like a soft sign, is used in Russian:

In order to soften the preceding consonant sound;
As a separation mark;
In order to designate certain grammatical forms.

We have already identified when you need to write a soft sign to mitigate the consonants. And now let's try to figure out the separating soft sign and find out why the soft sign is also called the dividing, in what cases the soft sign is divided, and as words with a separating soft sign are written.

To better assimilate this topic and understand the difference between the soft sign, which is to serve to mitigate consonant sounds and a dividing soft sign, try this issue to consider on the example.

For example: seed and family

Read the words carefully. Now pay attention to how the last syllable sounds in the first word - seed. In this word "seed", the sound [m "] has a soft sound, since it gives it a softness of the letter, and is pronounced in this syllable vowel and consonant.

And now let's look at the following word. The word "family" - [seven "ya]. In this case, we see that the consonants and the next vowers are pronounced separately. Here is such a separate pronunciation between vowels and consonant in the letter denotes with the help of a soft sign, which is called a dividing soft sign.

For example: Kolya - stakes, salt - salt, flight - Poland.

Therefore, we can already conclude with you that the separation soft sign indicates that the consonants and vowel sound are pronounced separately.

Rules for writing a dividing soft sign

The dividing b (soft sign) is written:

First, in the middle of the word before the vowels: E, E, Yu, I. For example: blizzard, terrier, monkey, health, linen, leaves.

Secondly, in words of foreign origin in front of the letter O. For example: champignons, postman, broth.

Thirdly, the separation soft sign is written in the root of words, after consonants. For example: December, barley, sparrows, steppe, night.

Also, you need to remember that the separation soft sign is never written:

First, first words;
Secondly, after the prefixes.

And now let's carefully consider the picture and try to compare the difference in a soft sign, which serves to mitigate the consonant and dividing soft sign:

Homework

1. Read the words closely with a soft sign and record only those whose soft sign acts as a softness indicator, and then - words with a separating soft sign.

Mole, dress, family, skates, day, chairs, wool, streams, stalks, slop, laziness, sadness, housing, friends, bathhouse, health, kissel, coat, autumn, letter, shower, computer, velveteen, daria, happiness, Fun, sadness.

2. Choose these words of Antonym and tell me, in which role is a soft sign?

Clean, boredom, work, harm, light, enemies, sugar.

3. Write the words in the plural:

Friend, leaf, wing, bitch, closed, tree.

4. When writing a dividing sign, what kind of sound in words do you hear?
5. Slide the crossword.

Questions to the crossword

1. How else can you call a snowstorm?
2. Where do the bees live?
3. Dad, Mom, I'm friendly ...
4. Animal that loves to climb trees.
5. Favorite delicacy Carlson.

DividingKommersant written after consonant in front of the lettersI, Yu, E, e, Transmitting combinations [J] with vowels, in the following cases.

1. After the consoles ending on the consonants .

For example:

a) in words with Russian consoles: non-surfactant, attaching, rushing, escaped, generated, interlential, put up, drive around, departure, lift, preditionable, present, disperse, reversible, eat, rush, cake, supernatural, ultrahow, ultra.

Letter kommersant traditionally written in the word flaw,although of- is not a prefix in it.

b) in words with consoles of foreign language origin : counter-Neckline, post-core, post-love, subunit, subnog, superjoint, trans-European .

The words of foreign language origin with initial parts are also written. ab-, administrative dis-, in-, inter-, concentration which languages? The source is consoles, and in Russian as consoles are usually not allocated. These include: abuusion, Adjective, Adactivation, Adjunct, Adjusting, Adjutant, Disjunction, Injection, Injecated, Interction, Koyadyutor, Context, Conjugates, Conjugation, Conjunctiva, Conjunctive, Conjunctivitis, Conducting, Conjunction, Object, Objective, Subject, Subjective .

2. In difficult words:

a) after the initial parts two-, three-, four- , eg: double, two-axis, three-core, four-tier ;

b) in words pan-European, Feldgerer .

After the initial parts of the comprehensive words dividing kommersant according to tradition, it is not written, for example: valerist, State language, chatted, Patcher, Festrumarka, Svetzeda, Hozednik, INAZ, Inyurcleslegia, Ministry of Justice.

3. The letter Kommersant is also written when the transmission of foreign language own names and the words derived from them (After letters that releasing pair solid consonants), for example: Kiziljurt(city in Dagestan), Torny(settlement in the Republic of Mari El), Guheju(Chinese personal name), Hanäyan.(city in China), tazabagjabi culture(archaeological), Javiayarvi(Lake in Finland), Mancasti(Anthology of ancient'apon poetry).

In this case, the separation kommersant it is also possible before the letter and , eg: Dzunjitiro(Japanese name).

Note!

1) The letter ote is not written In front of the letters a, o, u, e, and, s.

For example: intergatomous, Consturdar, Transokean, three-storey.

2) The letter ote is not written In the middle of the word (not after the console!), for example: dress, deck. An exception – feldgerer.

3) The letter ote is not written At the junction of the pieces of a complex word.

For example: children (children's nursery), INAZ (Institute of Foreign Languages).

4 ) Letter Kommersant is not written in noun subhychy(in this word no console under- !). In the middle of the word is written separating b because there is a prefix here by- and the root of the Dyack (-Dyach-).

5) In the middle of the word (in the root) Ariergard written dividing b , but not kommersant Since consoles ar- There is no Russian.

6) In a word flaw (Turk.) written b By analogy with the verb to remove.

Dividing B written after consonant in front of the letters i, Yu, E, e, andtransmitting combinations [j] with vowels.

For example:

- yay : Devil, Yudychi, Monkey, Billiards, Family, Drunk, Colosum, Draw, Slaughter, Lukyan;

- : bind, interview, pour, family, drink, trot, fifty, south, fusion(interjection);

- b. : Solovy, rifle, drinking, Voroniene, serious, live, whose, sew;

-ye : Premiere, play, courier, entertainer, jam, calm, Vietnam, Fourier;

-y. : Sparrow, Nightingale, Fritters, Bear, Varnish, Articles, Whose, Vinia.

1) The dividing b is written in the middle of the word (not after the prefix!) After consonant in front of the letters e, E, Yu, Iif after the consonant before vowel sounds [j]; For example: Introduce [B'Jot], Bind [B'jun], Dyack [d'Jak]).

2) dividing b is written in some borrowed words (as a sound signal [j]) after consonant in front of the letter about.

For example: bouillon [Bul'jon], signor [Sin'jor], minion [Min'jon].

Letter Kommersant - "Solid Sign" - this is the 28th letter of the Russian alphabet. In modern language, a solid sign does not indicate sounds and serves as a kind of guidelines for the correct utterance of a number of words. Nevertheless, a solid sign is one of the characters that have formed the basis of Cyrillic and until today, a long and difficult path along with the development of the language passed.

Words with a hard sign: a little story

A solid sign is known in Cyrillic chart for a long time. In ancient Russian language, the letter had another name - "EP" and in some roots could be pronounced as "O", and also wrote down at the end of words ending on the consonant, and after the prefix for consonant before the root starting with vowels. This consumption was practiced until the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1918, during the reform of Russian spelling, writing a solid sign at the end of words ending on the consonant, was abolished. Today, words with a solid sign in Russian are characterized by a total of more than 140, and the use of this letter is clearly regulated. Talk about it more.

Major groups of words with solid sign and the norms of their spelling

Modern Russian language symbol "Kommersant" uses as a separator. A solid sign is used after consonant in front of the Jotted vowels E, E, Yu, I am preferably at the bog of morpheme.

Solid sign between the prefix and root

1. After the prefixes ending in the consonant, before the root starting with the vowel, and in words with the original Russian consoles ( eat, departure, go around, rush, cake), and in words with borrowed prefixes ( contrinitorus, SubNier, Trans-European).

2. A separate group consists of borrowed words with a solid sign, beginning with combinations of relations, inter-, ad-, ab-, inter-, con- and others, which were originally consoles, but in modern Russian are identified as part Root: object, Subject, adjutant, aburaction, disjunction, interrounding, conjuncture.

Solid sign between parts of complex words

1) before the second root after parts of the two-, three-, four- ( bunk, three-axis, quad);

2) separate words with a separating solid sign, as feldgerer and pan-European;

3) If we are talking about the spelling of comprehensive words with a similar structure, the hard sign is not used in them: sPESED, HOZEDBA, VERRISR, GOSSY language other.

Solid sign in the names of own and their derivatives

There are a number of nouns and derivatives from them (people's names and geographical names), where hard sign is also used: the city Kiziljurt, village Torny, lake Javiayarvi, artist Guheju.

Thus, words with a solid sign in modern Russian is a separate group with its regularities in spelling. Unlike a soft sign, which in the same word can be consumed several times, a solid sign in one word can only be one. The above cases of using a solid sign are clear rules that always need to be observed. In situations, not discussed in this article, with similar conditions, a separation soft sign is used.

Russian lesson on the topic: « Separation solid sign Kommersant.

Objectives:

1. Teach children to spell up the separation solid sign K.

2. To form a spelling disorder of students.

3. Develop such mental operations as analysis, synthesis and comparison in children.

4. Teach children to independently mined knowledge.

6. Rail in children communication skills.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Minute harmony. Greeting guests.

2) psychological attitude.

Look at each other. Smile. I am glad to see your smiles. Let this day bring you the joy of communication.

II. Emotional attitude of students.

I want to start the lesson of the Russian language from the words A.S. Pushkin.Slide.

"Oh, how many discoveries are wonderful

Prepares enlightenment spirit. " A.S. Pushkin

How do you understand these words of the poet?

So, at every lesson you make a small discovery - a miracle. Every year these discoveries are becoming more and more. Today, I hope you share with me with your new, interesting and useful discoveries.

Sit smoothly, straighten the backs. Open the notebook, put it with a slope, the left lokotkit holds the corner of the notebook. Take the handle, write down the date of the lesson, cool work.

III . Formulation of the theme and objective of the lesson.

- Today at the lesson we will work on the release of the newspaper "Bukovka". The newspaper is dedicated to the letter that does not indicate sounds and is present in one of the words:Slide.

Seli, ate

- What is this letter? What word is she present in?

It was "sat down", it became "ate".

You guessed you managed

Why happened so?

Who is the culprit?

- solid sign. Slide.

We need a hard sign too,

We can't write without it.

What letter will be said in the newspaper?

Name the topic of the lesson.

- So, the topic of the lesson and the topic of the newspaper"Dividing solid sign"

Who will we devote our newspaper and who will be her reader?

- What do you think you should learn about the letter ъ we and our readers? (Children's responses).

The purpose of the lesson: Find out when it is written to Kommersant.

Release the newspaper.

IV. . Work on the topic.

A letter came to us. What is written there? Nastya, read it!

(Dear editors of the newspaper "Bukovka"! Tell us the story of the origin of the separation solid sign. Regards you students of the 3rd grades of school number 11.)

Savatneev Vika prepared an answer to this letter.Slide.

A firm sign - the 28th letter of the Russian alphabet.

Until 1917, she was the 27th on the score and was called "EP".Slide.

Previously, this letter kept silence and wrote at the end of words after solid consonants, for example:House, oak, city. Slide.

Because of this letter, more paper was spent and typographical paint. And it cost money. Therefore, the letter "EP" was called the "slacker", "Lody", "Rogue", "Darmo", "bloodstand" and other similar words. The letter "EP" at the end of the words devoured more than 8% of time and paper. This letter - the slacker was the most expensive letter of the world.

Now at the end of the words this letter is not written.

- The answer to the question is in our newspaper under the heading "From the history of Kommersant".

IV. . Acquaintance with new material.

Open the tutorial on page 148, executeexercise 349. And find out where it is written by Kommersant.

- What can be said about these words? (They are single).

- In words, what line is Kommersant? (In the words of the second line).

- After which part of the word is written by dividing b? (After the console, before the root).

- Why in the first line after the prefix does not write to ъ, and in the second is written? (?)

What sound ends the first string consoles? (On vowel).

What kind of sound the second line append on which sound? (For consonant).

What letter starts the root? (With vowel).

Work in groups.

Rules of work in groups.

Open Envelope No. 1. Make a written supportkommersant in words.

Support on the slide.

Comment on Support.

- To find out, in front of what vowels are written by the dividing Kommersant, performtask on cards. Will work in pairs.

Read words, paste the missed letters. Highlight the console, emphasize the hard sign and vowels after it.

S. Ejieveunder. Utility, about. reveal from. Riding, p. Hedgehog, about. Clearing.

- Make a conclusion. In front of what vowels are written by dividing b? (E, E, Yu, I).

Work in groups.

Open Envelope No. 2 and add support.

Check out.

Support on the slide.

Try to formulate a rule. (The dividing Kommersant is written after the prefixes that end on the consonant sound in front of the vowel letters E, E, Yu, I).

- Let's read this rule in the textbook on page 149.

- Why is it called dividing? (Because he divides in the word consonant sound from vowel).

Support and rule in the newspaper under the headings "Support of Knowledge" and "Rule writing"

Performedexercise 351. .

What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe text?

And who do you like skiing in the Winter Forest?

What else other than pleasure get a person from walking on skis? (Breathes fresh air, heals his body, develops muscles).

Love, do not be lazy to ski! This will help you become hardy, insure against cardiovascular diseases and colds.

V. . Control and self-controlling knowledge.

- In the newspaper for readers, we will place the test on the topic studied in the "Check yourself" heading,

but first verify your knowledge.

1. After which part of the word is written to Kommersant?

a) after the consoles,

b) after the root.

2. After which consoles are written to kommersant?

a) after the prefixes that end on the consonant sound,

b) after the prefixes that end the vowel sound.

3. What letters are written to Kommersant?

a) a, me, it, e,

b) Yu, I, E, E,

c) o, ё, Yu, y.

4. Find a word with a separating solid sign.

a) in ... rode

b) this ... I

c) in ... south

5. How many sounds in the word "Congress"?

a) 3.

b) 5.

at 4

Put your work on the edge of the desks, I will check them today, and tomorrow I will inform the results.

VI . The outcome of the lesson.

And now summarize.

What is the name of the lesson on which we worked?Separating solid sign.

What purpose did we put at the beginning of the lesson?Learn k when it is written to Kommersant and release a newspaper.

What did we know? (Separating b is written after the prefixes that

ends on the consonant sound before vowels E, E, Yu, I).

Look at the newspaper. What do you think about our readers, reading it?

Guys, what did you like today in you? What can you praise yourself?

And who in your opinion was today the most active in the lesson?Assess participation.

VI I. . Homework

VI II. . Reflection.

And I also want to know about the impression of the lesson of each of you. Take on the desk the letter of this color that suits your mood.Slide.

For me, the topic was important and interesting -red Letter Kommersant

Learned a lot of new -yellow letter Kommersant

I was not interested -green letter Kommersant

Lift the letter you chose and show me. Now turn guests, let them look.

I am very glad to see in your hands the letters of a solid sign of red and yellow color, which means that the lesson for you was an important, interesting and informative.

We will issue our newspaper letters. Apply glue to the letter and "on the chain" stir on the edge of the newspaper so that the framework is.

- Now our newspaper has become not only cognitive, but also beautifully decorated.

Today I saw in your eyes of a light of intense, curiosity. I want to wish you so that this light will not fade over the years, and the discoveries that you make the day after day, would help you overcome all the difficulties on your life path.