Russian romance author performer. Roman history

Romance in music (Span. Romance, from Late. Romanice, literally - "Romance", that is, "in Spanish") - a vocal essay, written on a small poem of lyrical content, predominantly love; Chamber music and poetic work for voice with instrumental accompaniment.

In a scientific classification, romances belong to the chamber-vocal creativity of composers and are a vocal play with instrumental support. With its appearance, the romance is obliged to solar Spain. Thanks to the work of the wandering poets, singers in the XIII-XIV centuries arose, and then a new song genre was established. Songs were performed on the native (Romaneskaya) language, from where the term "Romance" appeared. Approximately by the end of the XIX century, the romance acquired such a distinctive feature as singing with one soloist (less often two). The vocal necessarily accompanied the accompaniment of musical instrument - Viower or guitar. The folk songs, in contrast to the romance, were performed as a soloist with or without musical accompaniment, so and the choir.
Romance penetrated into Russia in the second half of the XVIII century, immediately hitting the favorable soil of the heyday of Russian poetry, the new vocal genre began to spread quickly, absorbing the characteristic features of rich Russian culture. Initially, poetic text written in the bureaver form of lyrical content in French, determined the name of the musical work. In Russian, the product was the same in character called the Russian song.
The emergence and formation of such a concept as "Russian Romance" occurred much later when truly folk melodies began to penetrate the consciousness of educated artists-Democrats. In general, the song legacy left by the XVIII century, played a special role in the history of the Russian romance. It is in popular Russian songs that the origins of the new vocal genre in Russia are hidden. The songwriting of the mid-XVIII-XIX century in Russia, which has come down to this day, is mainly anonymous authors. Transmitting hersally, the song-romance heritage was not frozen: the words changed, the melody varied. Years passed, people appeared who were trying to collect and write down what was selected scrupulously. It must be assumed that they themselves brought themselves to the material they collected by them, as it was often people musically educated, it was, they were stuck in special folk expeditions.
Many composers treated to the romance genre. For some, this form of vocal music was a peculiar diary of vivid impressions, mental confession. For other romances serve as sketches to larger works. Third see the romance tribune to proclaim philosophical ideas.
Of the Russian composers, Alyabyev, Varlamov, Gurilev, Versta, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Rubinstein, Kyui, Tchaikovsky, Romans, Korsakov, Bulakhov, Rachmaninov, Sviridov, Mtterener, B. Prozorovsky, created remarkable samples. The flexible form of a romance absorbs and lyrical insight, and a journalistic monologue, and satirical sketch, and an elegic confession. It is enough to remember such romances as "I remember a wonderful moment" (M. Glinka - A. Pushkin), "Voice from the Choir" (Sviridov - a. Block), "Title Advisor" (A. Dargomyzhsky-in. Kurochkin) , "For the shores. Far" (A. Borodin-a. Pushkin).
Types of Russian romance

City Romance. Author's in the way of creation, but the folklore according to the method of existence, a type of romance that has existed as folklore in Russia of the late XIX - the first half of the 20th century. The main distinguishing signs of the urban romance from a literary point of view are concrete in images, a stepped composition, representation of the lyrical hero about himself, as a former person, the unattainableness of the object of love. From a musical point of view, the city romance is distinguished by the harmonic minor and the template cadence and sequence characteristic of him, including the Golden Sequence.

He was a titular adviser
She is the general daughter;
He explained timidly in love
She drove him away.

The titular advisor went
And drunk with grief all night
And in the wine mist rushed
Before him, the general daughter.

Gypsy romance. The genre of the Gypsy romance was founded by Russian composers and poets, fans of the Gypsy manner of execution; The romance ordinary was taken as the basis, but specifically gypsy techniques and turnover were added to music and texts. Subsequently, the genre was developed and changed to the current state of the Gypsies themselves. At the moment, the Gypsy Romance is a kind of a song that has roots both in the Russian classical and city romance and in the urban lyrical song, recognizable Gypsy on music and lyrics, and can have both the Gypsy and the Russian text. Theme of the text is love experience, from tenderness to passion. A typical model of the Gypsy romance is the song "Your Eyes Green." Melodies to the Gypsy romance refer to the genre of Gypsy academic music; Gypsy romances rarely have a "simple", unprofessional origin. It is believed that Russian Chanson developed including under the influence of the Gypsy romance, having moved high dramaticness from it and some other features of execution.

I repeat your name
At night in darkness silent
When stars are going
To lunar water
And the vague leaves are dormant,
Having flown over the path.

And I seek myself at this time
Emptiness of sounds and pain,
Distraught hours
What about the past they sing intertwined.

I repeat your name
This night in darkness silent
And it sounds so remotely
As never sounded.
Cruel romance. In modern folkloristic, there is no single definition of the genre of a cruel romance. The originality of this genre and lies in the harmonious synthesis of genre principles of ballads, lyrical songs, romance. But he has its own, special features, for which a cruel romance can be pulled out from the vast layer of Russian lyrical songs or ballads. In a cruel romance, you can highlight a little more than a dozen main plots. They differ from each other mainly by the causes of the tragedy, and the choice of the ending and is not small: murder, suicide, the death of the hero from grief or deadly grief.

The church had a carriage,
There was a magnificent wedding
All guests are smartly dressed,
The bride was most painted.
It was a white dress on it,
Wreath was an attachment from roses
She is on the holy cut
I looked through the rainbow tears.
Burned wedding candles,
The bride stood pale,
The priest is abusive speech
She did not want to say.
When her priest on his finger
Put on the gold ring
From the eye her bitter tears
The stream flew to the face.
I heard in the crowd said:
"The groom is unsightly such
In vain a girl thoroughly ", -
And I went out after the crowd.
The church had a carriage,
There was a magnificent wedding
All guests are smartly dressed,
The bride was most painted.

Cossack romance. Cossack copyright songs, in Cossack theme, originated on Don. The ancestor of the "Cossack Romance", is considered the song of an unknown author of the 19th century "Spring will come for me ...".

Spring will come for me

Words and music A. Gadalin

Spring will come for me,
Not for me there will be a song
And heart will be happy
Delighted feelings are not for me.

Not for me river, noise,
Bags native washes,
Pleasant Waves Soul caresses:
She does not flow for me.

Not for me in the country
Family of the Easter team will be gathered
"Christ is risen" - the mouth is poured,
Easter day, no, not for me.

Not for me the moon, blush,
Native grove sees off
And the nightingale is met by:
He will sing not for me.

But for me will come spring,
I swim to Bregar Abkhaz,
I'm fighting with the people I then
There the bullet is waiting for me for a long time.

"Two roses", "dear long", "only time", "caravan", "Emerald", "Eh, a friend of the guitar", "Your eyes are green", "Return", "no meetings", "we are just familiar "And other most popular romances are written mainly in the 20s-30s of the XX century. But few know that they belong to the songwriters popular in those days: Boris Fomin, Boriszovsky, Samuel Paint, Julia Heitu.In the period when the romance was called the Meshchansky culture, the work of these composers became prohibited, and they themselves prosecuted. They left of life forgotten, officially unrecognized composers-romance. But the popularity of these romances among the people was so great that these romances sang and on warm friendly evenings and at the table. They began to call old and folk romances.Heavy times have undergone Russian romance and Russian pop. Valery Agafonov was one of the first collectors of the lost baggage of the Russian novel. The unique performer dedicated all his life to romance, for which he remained in memory of the people.Romance was preserved and thanks to Russian emigration. It was the border that Russian romances sounded. With the return to the homeland of Alexander Vertinsky, and in the 80s Alla Bayanova returned forgotten romances.In the 60s, the old romances began to sound from pop after a long break only performed by Isabella Yuryeva, Galina Kareva. For the first time on the stage of the stage of the stage of the 68th year, Rubin Calantaryan was published with the romance program. And in the 70s and 1980s, romances were more and more from the scene thanks to Valery Agafonov, Valentina Bigonko, Alla Bayanova and others.In the 80s, the romance becomes a newly popular genome from the people. He began to sound in the movies, thanks to which the romances of Andrei Petrova, Isaac Schwartz, Veniamine Basner, Mikael Tariverdieva and others acquire great popularity. In the year 98th, the Russian music agency decided to unite the musicians, performers, composers, poets and all those who were not indifferent to the romance genre to create conditions for its further development.For the first time in the year 98th, "The Holiday of the Roman" Petersburg Autumn "appeared on the Oktyabrsky BKZ Scene, the representatives of all directions in this genre. Anshlag in Oktyabrsky, numerous responses and delights, requests of young performers to participate in romance programs They gave a impetus for the birth of the contest of young performers and authors called "Spring Romance".The contest of Romance became the continuation of the St. Petersburg traditions of the beginning of the 20th century. In 1911, he was first conducted in St. Petersburg at the Passage Theater, and then the first prize won the Maria Karinskaya romance in those days.In the spring of 1999, the solemn opening of the annual competition "Spring Romance" was held on the Oktyabrsky BCZ Scene. Romance lives and develops, acquires new forms, attracts more and more young people. So, we can confidently say that in the new century, the romance will remain one of the important directions in Russian culture.Modern composers - both the older generation and creative youth are constantly turning to this genre of vocal music. Today we hear their romances not only in concert performance, but also in cinema, radio and television programs, they sound in pop-up programs.

Materials used:"Romance yesterday and today" Galina CzizelWikipedia Articlessite of the Ensemble "Yar"

Twisted chrysanthemums for a long time ... The story of one romance

On November 9, 1918, the ridiculous tragic case broke off the life of a talented composer and poet, the author of the world-famous romance "Fucks of Chrysanthemum" Nikolai Ivanovich Harito.

According to the legend, at the second, when the shot and Nikolai Harito sounded, the fighting bullets of the Officer-officer Baron Bongarden, in the neighboring hall of one of the restaurants of Tikhoretsk, where the wedding celebrated, someone was sick-quiet: "Fucks a long chrysanthemum in the garden". The author of this romance lay, expired by blood, and smile forever froze on his beautiful face ...

Nikolai Kharito was unusually beautiful, taking into account and talented. According to the evidence of contemporaries, it was simply impossible not to fall in love. He was adored regulars of fashionable noble salons and fashionable living rooms. It was there that they sounded romances in the performance of outstanding masters of this genre.

Nikolai Harito was the favorite of the public visiting the concert halls, where the stars of the then pop trees were played: Varya Panin, Anastasia Vyaltseva, Hope Plevitskaya, Iza Kremer, Alexander Vertinsky. Their creativity was a bright phenomenon of domestic musical culture. In their vice, the pain and joy, sadness and ... Hope.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the romances were extremely fashionable. Composers are famous and only beginners - they considered a great honor for themselves when their works were performed by Mikhail Vavich or Yuri Morphhassi. Poetic texts of romances were composed for them Anna Akhmatov and Alexander Blok, Sergey Yesenin and even Vladimir Mayakovsky. Their texts and notes are entrepreneurial delints published huge circulations, but sold at an affordable price. Notes of romances, poetic lines distributed postmen and even ... Pecs and chippers ...

Often Iz Kremer and Alexander Vertinsky performed their own songs and romances (it is intimate-lyrical, he is sad), expressing in these works sorrow of their hearts.

Strongly Kartv (which I didn't like Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky), Vertinsky sang:

I am waiting for you, like sleep blue,
I am flexible in love fire.
When will you tell the word?
When will you come to me?
Madame, already falling leaves,
And autumn in death,
Already grape brushes
Yellow in the forgotten garden.

The fate of the romance, which, even in the last century, for some reason was called "old", in many respects depended on the performer, from his talent and culture.
Vintage romances! How many spiritual heat and charming, melodicity and emotional emotion! They always found the way to human hearts. These works were direct heirs of the 19th century romances, when the masterpieces of romance lyrics created composers of Alyabyev, Bulakhov, Gurilev, Varlamov, and the authors of the texts of the most famous romances were Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Fets, Apukhtin, Turgenev, Polonsky, Plescheev ...

Many of these works over time were forgotten, they don't even remember them. But others, the most bright and talented - "I loved you," "I go out one way", "I met you" - captivated today lyrical mood and truthfulness of transmitted feelings.
By the middle of the XIX century, two types of romance are crystallized - "Professional" and household.

The first was created by professional composers on the verses of famous poets. At the heart of Franz Schubert's romance lies the poetry of Johann Goethe, the work of Robert Schuman is connected with the works of Heinrich Heine, Mikhail Glinka wrote Romances to the verses of Alexander Pushkin, Peter Tchaikovsky - to the verses of Alexey Tolstoy, Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov - on the poems of Apollo Maikova.

The second type of romance was born in the folk medium. However, the works of high artistic value appeared among domestic romances.
These two types of romance are professional and household - they were not isolated, and on the contrary, enriched each other.

Characteristic for the musical and poetic culture of our country was a city romance. Works of this genre - "Morning Misty, Morning Gray", "My Bonfire is shining in the fog", "Gori, Gori, My Star" - created how already mentioned above, talented composers and famous poets. Odessa composer Grigory Lishin, the author of the Opera "Don Cesar de Bazan" and "Prolog" to the opening of the city Theater, which was introduced to the opening of the city theater, composed on the history of the city romance.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the city romance becomes an integral part of the domestic musical culture. During this period of romance popularity, his demand is unusually clearly manifested by the composer talent of Nikolai Ivanovich Harito.

Nikolai Kharito was born on December 19, 1886 in Yalta. His father - Ivan Pavlovich worked here by a mining engineer, mother - Nadezhda Georgievna Harito, Grechanka for nationality, was engaged in household and raised children. The family had four daughters and son Nikolai. Parents consisted in civil marriage, so the children wore the mother name.
Nikolai's musical abilities manifested themselves very early. Already at the age of five, he played the piano well, composed small musical plays and wrote poems. During the study in the gymnasium, Nicholas often performed in concerts in the student in the evenings, fulfilling the works of Johann Baha, Ludwig Beethoven, Frederick Chopin, Peter Tchaikovsky, Sergey Rakhmaninov, which was noted by the gymnasium authority by commendable certificates.

In 1907, the Harito family moved to Kiev, and Nikolai entered the law faculty of the University of St. Vladimir.

The defeat of the revolution of 1905-1907, the disbelief in the possibility of democratic transformations that reigned in society caused the desire for young people to enhance the political struggle. In the years of study at the University, Nikolai Harito adjoins the advanced part of the student, participates in political strikes and anti-government demonstrations, for which it falls into the "black list" to an exception from the university. Only the intercession of the famous scientist, professors of the Department of International Law Otto Eikhelman not so much saved how much the punishment was delayed. The university immediately composed on this issue quarries:

Not all good is forgotten
Not everywhere reigns deception.
Among students areHarito
And in Professor - Eikhelman.

In 1911, Nikolai Harito, already being a member of the underground organization headed by Eser Dmitry Bogrov, who was arrested in the Minister of Internal Affairs Peter Stolypin, was arrested and exiled to the Arkhangelsk province under the unlawful oversees police supervision. The northern climate had fallen into Harito's health - he fell ill with tuberculosis and, having received the permission of the authorities, went to treatment abroad. Simultaneously with the treatment of Nikolai Harito visited the share luster of classes in the conservatory. By this time, he was already the author of the romance "beat the chrysanthemums for a long time in the garden" (it was the first romance created by the 24-year-old composer).

Total Harito wrote about 50 romances. Many of them have become popular and often performed in concerts, as well as recorded on gramophone records. Not all romances of Harito were artistically equivalent, but they loved. They reminded people that somewhere there (or maybe) another life, full of love and happiness.

Romance "Twisted chrysanthemums in the garden", which Nikolai Ivanovich Harito wrote in 1910, immediately gained popularity. The first name is "chrysanthemums", then "beat a long time", and only then he began to be called on the full line of the text.

Romance was born in Kiev, in the fall, when the city was drowned in the favorite colors of Nikolai Harito-Chrysanthemums. The first performer of the work was the author. He is the soul of any society - she caught the attention of the wishes of the sincerity of feelings and the heartfelt lyrism. Romance immediately became famous. This was also facilitated by the movie "Chrysanthemum" with the participation of Anna Karabaeva and Ivana Mozojukhina, delivered in 1913, then many filmmakers were filmed on scenarios written on the plots of popular romances.

On the advice of friends, Nikolai Harito addressed the well-known publisher Leon Idzikovsky with a request to print a romance. But for his edition, it was necessary to edit the text. And then the composer asked the Kiev singer, the artist Romance Shumsky to make his amendments. Vasily Shumsky gladly fulfilled the request, but at the same time he was not ashamed to declare himself as a co-author. So, a romance was published, where, along with the name of the composer, noisky was indicated as the author of the text.

But Harito, apparently, did not objected to the co-authorship. Moreover, he dedicated Romance to Vasily Dmitrievich Nochsky, who included him in the program of his concerts in the Bergonia Theater (now Kiev Academic Russian Drama Theater named after the Lesia Ukrainka). In the same theater, Nikolai Kharito met his love. But the trouble was near.

Returning in 1915 in Kiev, Harito tried to continue his studies at the university. But it never happened to graduate. The first world war went, and Nikolai was called to the army. He became a junker of the Nikolaev infantry military school, after the end of which was sent to the service in Tikhoretsk, in the location of the Army Anton Ivanovich Denikin.

It was in Tikhoretsk in November 1918 that sinister shot sounded. The death of Harito retained everyone who knew him, in the state of grief and despondency.

And a year earlier, in 1917, the October events found Charito surprise. He, in the recent past - a wrestler with autocracy, who divided the advanced ideas of a liberal-minded student, convicted of the royal power for revolutionary activities, the will of the circumstances was in the camp of the White Guards and the defenders of the monarchy ...

The new power did not forgive this. For many years, the name of the composer and the author of the poems of numerous romances to Nicholas Harito was silent, and his works were declared the fruit of the Meshchansky petty bourgeois taste. And only in the distant emigrant abroad, in Europe and America, remembered and performed "scratched the chrysanthemums in the garden". Suffering from nostalgia, listened to gramophone records, which were found from collectors and on the "flea" markets ...

But in our country there were people who did everything possible and impossible to return the name of Nikolai Harito from non-existence. Ukrainian singer Angela Cherkasova, School teacher Vitaly Dontsov, former soldier Lion Kudryavtsev, Oksana Borisyuk studied the life and creativity of Harito, gathered his biography in the crumbs, hardly found his abandoned grave at the Lukyansky cemetery in Kiev, where he was reburied (he originally betrayed land In Tikhoretsk), next to the sister of Elena, who died from the "Spanish".

... For almost 100 years, Nikolai Harito's romance sounds a lot of chrysanthemums in the garden. " He endured the time test. Alla Bayanov and Valery Agafonov, Vadim Kozin and Peter Leshchenko, were performed with the immense feeling of longing and nostalgic oversight. It sounds in one of the Episodes of the Movie "Summer". Today, his opera singers and pop artists, pop stars and rock musicians sing it. This romance has a worthy place in the repertoire of the People's Artist of the USSR Joseph Kobzon.

In the collections of romance, released by the Publishing House "Music" in 1977 and 1978, the works of Nikolai Kharito "The shadows of the last, happiness asleep" on the words of Frankel and Astra Autumn on the hearing text. In the same publishing house in 1989, the romance was printed "fought a long chrysanthemum in the garden."

In that garden,
where we met with you
Your favorite bush
chrysanthemum flourished.

And in my chest
flower then
The feeling is bright
gentle love ...

I devoured our garden,
there is no time for a long time
I wander one
all exhausted
And involuntary tears
returns before
Wang a bush chrysanthemum.

Twisted for a long time
chrysanthemums in the garden
But love all lives
in my heart is a patient.

Semen Kogan (Odessa)
Alexander Anisimov

taken from the site cultural and educational portal Orpheusmusic RU

Romance is a chamber vocal work that is peculiar to the poetic form and lyrical content of the love topics. In other words, this is a poetic work for singing to the instrumental accompaniment.

The romance in shape is close to the song, only with limited theme of lovingly lyrical character. It is usually completed by a romance, as accompanied by a single tool, most often. The main emphasis in the works of such a plan is made on the melody and semantic load.

The birth of a romance

The term "Romance" himself appeared in Spain, where it was used for the name of secular songs in Spanish, which it was necessary to separate from religious hymns performed on Latin. The Spanish word "Romance" or the late Latinsky "Romanice" is translated: "romance" or "in Spanish", which is actually the same. The term "Romance" passed in many languages \u200b\u200bin parallel with the term "song", although in German and English still not divided by these two concepts, denoting them with the same word (Lied and English).

So, the romance is the appearance of a song that has formed in the period of 15-19 centuries.

Western European Romance

From the mid-18th century, the romance acquires special popularity in Germany and France and becomes a separate genre on the verge of music and poetry. The poetic basis for the romance of this era was the poem of such great poets as Heine and Goethe.

Already in the 19th century, national romance schools have been formed in Germany, Austria, France and Russia. During this period, the famous Romances of the Austrians, Shuman, Brahms and Schubert, French, Berlioz, Bizet and Guno were created.

Characteristic for European schools was and combining romances to whole vocal cycles. The first such cycle "By the distant beloved" was created by Beethoven. His example was followed by Schubert (cycles of the "Winter Way" and "Beautiful Mellenchikha"), Schumann, Brahms, Wolf ... from the mid-19th century and in the 20th century National Romance Schools in the Czech Republic, Poland, Norway, Finland are formed.

Gradually, in addition to the classic chamber form of the romance, it develops such a genre as a household romance. It was designed for unprofessional singers and was widely popular in society.

Russian Romance

The Russian School of Romance originated under the influence of romantic sentiment in art and finally formed to the middle of the 19th century. The founders are considered to be Alyabyev, Gurilieva, Varlamov, often addressed in their work to the Gypsy theme.

Alexander Alyabyev

Later in the genre of the Russian romance, individual flows are formed - the cabin romance, a cruel romance ... Apture of development Russian romance is experiencing in the early 20th century, in the era of the creativity of Vertinsky and Vyaltseva, Pulitskaya and Panina. Alla Bayanov and Peter Leshchenko, and Alla Bayanov, and Peter Leshchenko, were successfully laid down by these brilliant musicians, and already in the era of the Soviet Union - Vadim Kozin, Tamara Tsereteli, Isabella Yuryeva.

Unfortunately, in the Soviet era, the genre of Romance was not welcomed by the party leadership, since he was considered a non-deplets genre, the remnant of tsarism. And romance performers were persecuted and repression.

Only in the 70s. The 20th century Romance is experiencing a revival when romances are popular with Valentina Ponomareva and Nani Bregvadze, Nikolai Slichenko and Valentina Bigonko.

Romance is similar to the song, but at the same time differs from it with some features that, in fact, and makes romance to Romance.

But first a little about the history of the romance and the origin of the term itself.

The term "Romance", which emerged in medieval Spain originally indicated the usual song in Spanish (Romanesque) language. R.omance - in Spanish. The content of the poem, laid on the music, was usually loved by lyrical. This term further went through to other countries, but some remained one designation for the song and for the romance: for example, in Germany -Lied.

Actually, the romance as a genre was formed later, therefore did not require a special term, although it is obvious that he developed from the song. The first romances appeared approximatelyXV in., But the real flourishing of the romance began in the second halfXVIII in. And contributed to this lyric creativity of poets Goette and HeineThat in the lyrics expressed that depth of feelings and experiences that it was impossible to express in a simple song: to express deep feelings, deep music was needed. And such music appeared. National Romance Schools appeared, especially famous in Germany, France and Russia. But we will talk about the authors of the romance in the next article, and in this will continue the story about the romance genre.

Signs of romance

As we said, the romance is similar to the song. But his difference from the song in a special singer and clear embossed melodicity. In romance, there is usually no chorus (refrain), although there are exceptions. In the music of Romance, unlike the song, more attention is paid to the mood (and not a rhythm, for example), the essence of the romance is in the content of poems and in the melody, and not in accompaniment. Typically, romances are chamber music (singing with accompaniment of one tool, more often the piano). But here, of course, there are exceptions - the accompaniment of the orchestra.

Features of the romance genre

The romance is important at the same time and the word, music, and vocals.

Romance is a more intimate work than a song, so it can only be lyrical, while the song can be patriotic, heroic, etc.

Due to the fact that the romance usually expresses a love feeling, it is always present or implied the addressee, i.e. Romance in some sense should have a dialogue, at least inner.

The instrumental works of "Songs without words" are close to the romance, in which the melodic line prevails. The most famous are "Songs without words" F. Mendelssohn.

Romance poems are usually melodious in themselves, singing, touching and gentle or tragic.

Russian Romance

Russian Romance formed as a genre in the first halfXIX. in., It was associated with the flourishing of romanticism in the world, including Russian, literature. An important role in the formation of a Russian romance was played by composers A. Alyabiev, A. Varlamov and A. Guril.

Among the best and most famous works Alyabyeva You can call the Romance "Nightingale" (1826) to the words A. Deligus, "Winter Road", "Two Crow" to verses A. Pushkin, "Evening ringing" for I. Kozlov.

A. Varlamov Created about 200 romances. Among them are the most famous - "Mountain peaks" on the verses of Gaine, "along the street Metalitsa," Beleet Sailing Lonely "to the poems M. Lermontov.

Romances A. Gurileva They are imbued with romantic, sentimental sentiments, thin lyrics, they are strongly influenced by Russian folk tradition. The most famous - "No, I'm not so dusty I love" the poems of M. Lermontov, "a one-way bell rummaged" to the poems I. Makarov, "Mother-Golubushka" to the verses of S. Nirkomsky and others.

I. Yuryev

Many Russian romances had gypsy coloring both in the content and in music. Of the classical Russian literature, we know that the singing of Gypsies was the favorite entertainment of the Russian nobility.

Start XX century. Call the "golden age" of the Russian romance. Then the listeners conquered the talent of A. Vertinsky, V. Panina, A. Vyaltseva, N. Plevitskaya, and later - Petra Leshchenko, Isabella Yuryeva, Tamara Tsereteli and Vadima Kozina.

Alexander Nikolaevich Vertinsky (1889-1957)

A. Vetinsky

An outstanding Russian pop artist, film actor, composer, poet, and singer, Cumum Estrada in the first half of the 20th century. Father actresses Marianna and Anastasia Vertinsky.

Life A. Verdinsky is reflected in his epoch: familiarity with artists K. Malevich, M. Shagalom, Poets V. Mayakovsky, I. Northerners, actress V. Cold, participation in Sanitar in the First World War. With pop speeches, he traveled the whole country, and in 1920 he emigrated first to Constantinople, and then wandering around the world.

He explained the causes of emigration so: "What pushed me on it? I hated Soviet power? Oh no! Soviet power did not know anything bad. I was a commitment of any other building? There is no: Obviously, it was a passion for adventure, travel. Junior carelessness. " He lived and worked in Romania, Bessarabia, Poland, Germany, Paris, who called his second birthplace, here he met Charlie Chaplin, Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo. In these years, Vertinsky began his friends with Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina and Ivan Mojukhin. Close friendship tied him for many years and with Fedor Shalyapin. Then there were the USA, China, Lebanon, Palestine ... and only in 1943, after numerous appeals and requests, he was able to return to his homeland in Russia. Here he actively worked on the stage, including on the front. But, despite the huge popularity of the singer, the official Soviet press treated his work with restrained hostility - shortly after the end of the war, a campaign against lyric songs was deployed, allegedly leading listeners from the tasks of socialist construction.

But his numerous songs and romances became a new word in art, putting the beginning of the Russian author's song. Vertinsky's romances are still popular, but not any performer can transfer their charm and aristocracy. We will call the most famous: "Your fingers smell incense", "Tango" Magnolia "," Seroogrozochka "," Marlene "and others.

N. Slicochko

In Soviet times, especially since the late 1930s, the romance was persecuted as a relic of a tsarist era, harmful to builders of a socialist future. Many famous performers silenced, some were repressed.

The revival of the Russian romance began only in the 1970s. At this time, bright performers of romance became Valentin Bigonko, Nikolai Slichenko, Valentina Ponomarev, Nani Breggvadze, Boris Shtokolov other.

N. Bregvadze

Varieties of Romance

Simultaneously with the Russian chamber-vocal classic romance developed household romancedesigned for fans singers. Here you can highlight cruel romance and city Romance.

Cruel romance

I. Spanks "Brutal Romances"

There was approximately in the middle of the XIX century, and the heyday time is the last quarter of the XIX-beginning XX century.

A cruel romance in the urban and suburban environment was born, where the "mothers" lived: peasants, workers, poor merchants, master. They began to create their own subculture, which emerges from a chastushka, romance, dance (for example, Kadryli), chest painting, etc. In the XX century The cruel romance gradually pushed out an old song and became a favorite genre. In the future, the cruel romance served as one of the sources urban romance.

There is no single definition of the genre of a cruel romance. But he has special features on which it stands out from the genre of a classic romance: the limited plot, household tragedy, ending in the main murder, suicide, death from grief or unrequited love, etc.

City Romance

Formed almost at the same time as a cruel romance. The difference from the cruel romance is also insignificant: the urban romance is more harmonious from a literary point of view, is fulfilled mainly in Minor. He experienced a greater effect of the Gypsy romance, as well as operetta.

From the city romance developed bloom Song, Author's Song, as well as russian chanson.

Bloom song

A song genre that chas the heavy life and the arms of the criminal environment, designed for prisoners and persons close to the criminal world. He was distributed in the Soviet Union and subsequently in the CIS countries. For the first time, blessed songs on the records were published in the 1930s. Performed their famous Leonid Rocks.

L. Utesov

In 1930-1940, songs appeared on the suffering of convicts in the gulag. The song about people kept in difficult conditions in the camps on Kolyma in the Magadan region "Vaninsky Port", whose authorship has not yet been established, appeared in the late 1940s and became the anthem prisoners.

Music studies find certain motifs of a blessed song in early works Vladimir Vysotsky and Alexandra Rosenbauma.

A. Rosenbaum

In the 90s in Russia, many musicians and teams performed a threshing song on the stage. Famous poet songbook Mikhail Tanic, in the days of Stalin, the former camp, created group "Forest"Coming with thumbs and popular songs.

The first composition of the group "timber"

Over time, songs that go beyond the scope of criminal themes began to appear in the threshold music genre, but they retain her characteristic features: melody, jargon, worldview. Such music began to call "Russian chanson".

Russian chanson

Katya Ogonosk

At the beginning of the XXI century. A clutter song that sounds on the radio and on television, is usually called Russian chanson. She became the phenomenon of mass culture. The symbol of the new Russian "chanson" is the song "Vladimir Central" Mikhail Krug, the author was never sitting in prison, but uses the styling of the genre.

Willy Tokarev

In addition to these artists, the artists of Russian chanson are Katia Ogonos, Vika Tsyganova, Willie Tokarev, "Butyrka" group, Ivan Kuchin, Lyubov Uspenskaya, Mikhail Shufutinsky and many others.

In addition to these varieties of romances, you can allocate a noble romance, a romance-answer, ironic, acting, Belogvardeysky and others.

But let's return to the classic romance. It was included and included in their repertoire many outstanding modern singers and actors: Yuri Glyaev, Yevgeny Dyatlov, Sergey Zakharov, Lyudmila Zykina, Alexander Malinin, Lyudmila Ryumin, Valentina Tolkunova, Claudia Shulzhenko, Dmitry Hvorostovsky, etc.

D. Khvorostovsky

Romance - the term is quite defined. In Spain (on the homeland of this genre), so called the special kind of essays, intended mainly for solo execution under the sound of a viola or guitar. The basis of romance, as a rule, lies a small lyrical poem of the love genre.

The origins of the Russian romance

In Russia, this genre was brought from France by aristocrats of the second half of the XVIII century and immediately was adopted by fertile soil of Soviet poetry. However, the Russian romances, the list of which is known today every lover of classical songs, began to be born a little later, when the Spanish shell began to fill in a genuine Russian feelings and melodies.

The tradition of folk art was organically woven the tradition of a new song, which was still presented by exclusively anonymous authors. Romances were overwhelmed by moving from the mouth to the mouth, the lines were alterated and "grinded". By the beginning of the XIX century, the first song collectors began to appear, movable idea to preserve the old Russian romances (their list by that time was already great enough).

Often, these enthusiasts complemented the collected texts, attaching depth and poetic strength. The collectors themselves were people academicly educated, and therefore, going to folklore expeditions, not only aesthetic, but also scientific purposes were pursued.

Evolution of the genre

Starting from the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the artistic content of the romance lyrics was becoming more and more filled with deep personal feelings. The individual world of the hero was able to be bright, sincere expression. The combination of a high syllable with a simple and lively Russian vocabulary made a romance truly people and affordable for both nobler and his peasant.

The vocal genre was finally reborn and by the middle of the XIX century became an integral part of the secular evening within the framework of the loved one of the ladies of "languid" homemovic. The first romances appeared. The list that made their song repertoire concluded more and more copyright works.

The most famous composers such as A. Alyabyev, and A. Gurilov, who played an invaluable role in the formation of a Russian romance and its popularization were the most famous in the first half of the XIX century.

City and Gypsy Romances

The city romance absorbed the greatest number of Russian folk motifs of the XIX-XX centuries. As an author's, such a song for the freedom of their existence reminded and was characteristic of his features:

• magic details;
• clearly defined images;
• stepped composition;
• powerful reflexion of the main character;
• the way constantly slipping love.

The characteristic features of the city romance from a musical point of view are the harmonic construction of a composition with minor tones, as well as the sequence inherent in it.

Gypsy romance was born as a tribute to Russian composers and poets in the beloved many manner of execution. The basis of him was an ordinary lyrical song. However, in the texts of it and the melody fits the characteristic artistic turns and techniques that were in the go in Roma. Learn such a romance today. Its main theme, as a rule, is a love experience in various gradations (from tenderness to the carnal passion), and the most noteworthy detail is "green eyes".

Cruel and Cossack Romances

Academic definition of these terms does not exist. However, their characteristic features are described in the literature quite fully. A feature of a cruel romance is a very organic combination of the principles of ballads, lyrical song and romance. It includes the abundance of the main plots, differing only by the causes of the tragedy. The result of the whole history is commonly death in the form of murder, suicide or from spiritual torments.

The birthplace of the Cossack Romance is Don, who gave fans of folk poetry the legendary song of an unknown author "Spring will come for me ...". History is also unknown to accurate authorship of most highly artistic works, which can be described as "classic Russian romances." The list includes such songs as: "Dear long", "only once", "Eh, a friend of the guitar", "come back", "we are just familiar" and others, written in the first third of the 20th century.

Russian romances: list and their authors

According to one of the main versions, the Russian romances, the list of which was given above, belong to Peru the most popular songwriters in the beginning of last century: Boris Fomin, Samuel Pokrasi, Julia Hight and others.

Valery Agafonov became the most loyal connoisseur of the classic romance in the 20th century, who was the first to declare the high value of the cultural baggage from the Soviet listener. The Russian romances, the list of which amounted to Agafons, were obliged to return their legendary performers to their homework to their homeland - Alexander Vertinsky and Alla Bayanova.