"Madonna Benua" or "Madonna with flower" (-) - Early painting Leonardo da Vinci, presumably the remaining unfinished. In 1914, she was acquired by the Imperial Hermitage in Mary Alexandrovna, the wife of the court architect Leonty Nikolayevich Benoit.

The public wanted the picture to remain in Russia. MA Benoit wanted the same, and therefore lost to Madonna for 150 thousand rubles. The amount was paid by the units, and the latest payments were made after the October Revolution.

MA Beno'a, in the greatness of Sapozhnikova, the picture passed inheritance. There was a legend in the family, as if the picture was purchased from stray Italian musicians in Astrakhan. There were no other information about the fate of the picture at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1908, E. K. Lipgart wrote:

A few years later he corrected himself:

This version is widely replicated by other authors. Often, without any references to sources, they were added that the work was once located in the collection of Konovnitsyn graphs.

Description

"Madonna with a flower" is one of the first works of young Leonardo. In the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, a drawing is stored with the following entry:

It is believed that one of them is Madonna Benua, and the second "Madonna with a carnation" from Munich.

It is likely that both paintings were the first works of Leonardo as an independent painter. At that time he was only 26 years old and for six years, as he left the workshop of his teacher Andrea Verrocko. He already had his own style, but, of course, he relied to a great extent on the experience of the Florentine XV century. Also, the fact that Leonardo knew about the picture of Madonna with the Baby, filled with his teacher in -1470. As a result, for both paintings by common features are like a three-fourth turn of bodies, so similarity similarity: youth of both Madonn and big babes heads.

Da Vinci puts Madonna with a baby in a native room, where the only source of light is the double window located in the depth. His greenish light can not disperse twilight, but at the same time is sufficient to highlight the figure of Madonna and the young Christ. The main "work" performs light, pouring on the left. Thanks to him, the master managed to revive the picture of the game of lighting and cut out the volume of two figures.

In work on "Madonna Benoit", Leonardo used the technique of oil painting, which, before that in Florence, almost no one knew. And although the paints in five centuries inevitably changed, becoming less bright, still it is clearly noticeable that young Leonardo refused the traditional variety of paints to Florence. Instead, he widely uses oil paints opportunities to more accurately convey the texture of materials and nuances of lighting. Blue-green gamma pushed the red light from the paintings, which was usually clouded by Madonna. At the same time, a hormist color was chosen for sleeves and a raincoat, a harmonizing ratio of cold and warm shades.

In the 19th century, Madonna with a flower was successfully translated from the board to the canvas, which there is a mention of the "Register of the Pictures of Mr. Alexander Petrovich Sapozhnikov, compiled in 1827":

It is assumed that the master who made the translation was a former employee of the Imperial Hermitage and a graduate of the Academy of Arts Evgraf Shorty. There is no clarity if the picture was still in the meeting of General Korsakov or already bought by Sapozhnik.

Leonardo da Vinci "Madonna Benua" (1478 - 1480).

Canvas (translated from wood), oil. 48 × 31.5 cm
State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

"Madonna Benoit" or "Madonna with a flower" (1478 - 1480) - Early painting by Leonardo da Vinci, presumably the remaining unfinished. In 1914, she was acquired by the Imperial Hermitage in Mary Alexandrovna, the wife of the court architect Leonty Nikolayevich Benoit.

In 1912, the owners decided to sell "Madonna with a flower" and for this purpose they brought it to Europe for examination, where London Antiquarian Joseph Duvin rated it in 500 thousand francs. The attribution of Leonardo's canvas reluctantly confirmed the largest authority of that time - Bernard Berson:

"In one unfortunate day, I was invited to examine" Madonna Benua ". A young woman was watched on me with a lie of his forehead and swollen cheeks, toothless with a smile, myopic eyes and wrinkled necks! The agricultural ghost of the old woman plays with a child: his face resembles a blank mask, and a swollen body and limbs are fellow. Pathetic handmakers, stupid-fading skin folds, color like serum. And yet I had to admit that this terrible creation belongs to Leonardo da Vinci ... "

The public wanted the picture to remain in Russia. MA Benoit wanted the same, and therefore lost to Madonna for 150 thousand rubles. The amount was paid by the units, and the latest payments were made after the October Revolution.

MA Beno'a, in the greatness of Sapozhnikova, the picture passed inheritance. There was a legend in the family, as if the picture was purchased from stray Italian musicians in Astrakhan. There were no other information about the fate of the picture at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1908, E. K. Lipgart wrote: "[Picture] was part of the ancient assembly of princes of Kurakina, and now owned MA Benoit, a spouse famous architect. "

A few years later, he corrected himself: "The father-in-law of Benoit bought her [picture] from Italian descendants when moving through Astrakhan."

This version is widely replicated by other authors. Often, without any references to sources, they were added that the work was once located in the collection of Konovnitsyn graphs.

Only in 1974, documentary data was made public about when and under what circumstances "Madonna with a flower" got to the shoemakers. In the state archive of the Astrakhan region, the Register of the Pictures of Mr. Alexander Petrovich Sapozhnikov, compiled in 1827, was discovered. In addition, the first number is listed "God's Materia, holding an eternal infant on his left hand ... at the top with an oval. Master Leonardo da Vinci ... From the collection of General Korsakov. " Thus, it turned out that the picture came from the collection of collector and Senator Alexei Ivanovich Korsakov (1751 / 53-1821).

However, there are still no accurate information about the earlier fate of the picture. It is believed that it was about this picture that M. F. Brokes in his book "The Attractions of the City of Florence", released in 1591: "A plate painted by Oil Leonardo da Vinci, excellent in beauty, where Madonna is extremely skillful and diligently . The figure of Christ, represented by the baby, is beautiful and surprising, his raised face is the only way in his own way and amazing the complexity of the plan and how this idea is successfully resolved. "

"Madonnafromflower »LeonardoyesVinci

Of the few preserved the picturesque works of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), two are in the Hermitage (hall 2.1.4). At the heart of Madonna with Flower ("Madonna Benouua") -Ond from the early works of the artist, there is a living, concrete content, expressing the humanistic thought of man as the most advanced creating nature. With love and joy watching a young woman behind the awakening of consciousness in a child. In childish, it is tried to grab the petals of flowers that the mother brings him, and carefully considers them. Scene, capturing the moment of knowledge, is important in the workshop not only for the disclosure of ideological content - it contributes to the more logical and natural compositional communication of the figures. Light from the window allows only in general terms to imagine the space of the room. Another light source, located on the left and a little on top, gently highlights the figures of the Madonna and the baby, emphasizes their volume, helps to feel the warmth of the human body, consider the cloth clothes and brooch decorated with stones.

Here, as in other works of the Great Master, there was an inextricable connection between the picturesque creativity of Leonardo with his activities as a scientist. Confident, based on the knowledge of the anatomy and the study of the proportions of the human body, transfers Leonardo to the shape of a seated woman and the characteristics of the child of a child. Studying physiognomy, numerous sketches gave the opportunity to the artist to catch and show the finest changes in the facial expressions in the paintings, sometimes the moment of starting the movement of the face, forcing it to guess his next state. The appearance in the works of Leonardo "Sphumato" (so the Italians called the air haze, enveloping the figures of people) was based on its own scientific conclusion that the air is color. Leonardo, who experimented a lot in search of the composition of the paints, one of the first in Italy moved from tempera painting to the operation of oil paints, which enriched the possibilities of the artist. "Madonna with a flower", filled in this, then even rare, technique - evidence that the twenty-essential master quickly mastered the new material and methods of work, creating one of his first masterpieces.

By the number of early Leonard works belonging to the 70s, by the time when he had just left the master's workshop, there are several images of Madonn. Different authors distinguish the authorship of Leonardo. The most reliable Attribution of Leonardo in the famous Hermitage "Madonne Benoit", named so by the name of the former owners.

Italy | Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | "Madonna Benua" | 1478 | HM | State. Hermitage | St. Petersburg

Madonna Benua proves the originality of the artistic thinking of Leonardo in the early stages of the formation of his work. There is a lot of fundamentally new ones for Florentine painting - in the composition, in relation to lighting, color. ... wonderful and what figures are given on a dark background. Instead of a landscape motive or conditional architectural architectural, a calm, shaded depth is given here, the spatiality of which emphasizes the image of the window. Somehow we feel that the window is far enough deep in depth.
The sinking of this room involves the finest developed light. Already in this work, Leonardo is planned by those famous principles of the Sphumato, which will be characteristic of its method modeling form light. Sphumato translated from Italian means "unclear, scattered, soft." This is a light, but not active, that that is stereometrically sculpt the shape, the contrast of the dark and the haltered, pulling out the volume of the darkness and sharply lighting it, and almost indescribable gradations of the shaders. Moreover, we note that for Leonardo in his spumato, the shadow is more important than light. It subsequently rarely when it will give dazzling lighted areas of volume. Over time, given all his future experience, this light shadension will be pounced on the whole figure, the entire composition of the entire composition. This is good, and bad. On the one hand, it gave it a brilliant, zorka eye the ability to trace the thinnest air movement in the composition, movement and state of the atmosphere in all sections of the depicted space. Figuratively speaking, under each fold. On the other hand, established in Leonardo's painting, going from him to his students, this practice of light shaders in artists less dormant, less talented turned into a known black and dry weight, in some shadension, the grindness of the total tone. Subsequently, Leonardo will reproach that he taught the painting to be pussy, gloomy-black that he delayed the development of color, the development of color in the direction of the larger decreement of the colors in the whole. After all, Leonardo in its notes, in its so-called "treatise about painting" (which is not a treatise, it is reduced to a certain whole at a later time) sometimes says stunningly bold things, including flavor. For example, sacrificing the color shades that should be read in a white dress of a female figure illuminated by the sun on a green lawn, he speaks about blue shadows, about warm and cold reflexes, he says that only in the XIX century. Imprisionists received empirically. But in his own practice it is not. His painting gives completely different effects, the effects of this, slightly shaded space, slightly wet air, through which we see the shapes. And although in the Madonna of Benoita, this light can not yet happen to the system, here you can see the first signs of its presence. And the dictator dictates and the subtlety of colorful relations in the details, in the tissue color, in the beloved of the yellowish-golden and uncertain purple-blue with a light novel.
Almost children's fragility of Madonna and large, heavy forms of the remedy infant are opposed. There is some special equivalent to the psychological state of the characters. Already in the physical opposition of a mother's mother and a large child, some additional grain of the plot is laid.
Easy and naturally Leonardo focuses the attention of Mother and Little Jesus on the game with a flower. By itself, this motive is far from new - Christ playing with a flower. And the Netherlands in the XV century. Many times wrote it, and Italians - a flower or a bird in hand, sometimes a flower with a symbolic meaning. But here is very freshly children's joy of Mary, it seems to be equally rejoiced and the game of the Son, and the beauty of the flower itself. And as far as Mother has fun, the kid is so serious. Some huge inner work happens in it when he explores his handms of flower petals. And this is also a somewhat unexpected psychological comparison. The thing despite the seeming chamber dimensions is quite difficult organized and plastic-spatially, and emotional psychologically.

November 09, 2012

"Leonardo da Vinci is the only artist about which it can be said that everything that his hand touched, became eternal beauty. The structure of the skull, the texture of the fabric, tense muscle ... - All this is done with an amazing flaw on the line, color and illumination turned into true values \u200b\u200b" Bernard Berson, 1896

Madonna Benois

1475-1478; 49.5x31.5 cm;
tree, oil transferred to the canvas
Hermitage, St. Petersburg

"Madonna Benua" was written by Leonardo when he was still very young. Despite the fact that the artist has just finished learning in the workshop of Verrocko, this is one of the first works in which the original style of Leonardo was manifested.

A variety of sketches dated with this period, on which Leonardo, with a thoroughness peculiar to him, sketches not only a variety of poses and expressions of Madonna and infant persons, but also folds on their clothes, details of decorations and, of course, written in the technique of Sphumato landscapes, one of which Was used as a background as a background in the painting "Madonna with a carnation".

The painting "Madonna Benua" amazes the courage of interpretation of characters. Despite the golden nimbi (there is an assumption that the nimbles around the heads of the characters were added later, and perhaps not by hand Leonardo), Madonna appears before us deprived of any signs of holiness.

This is a young girl, almost a girl who is amusing with her knees sitting with a rather large baby. The interesting nuance attracts attention: a child who would be honored to have fun, looks completely in an adult, seriously and concentrated, Madonna - contrary to all the laws of traditional iconography - cheerful and even playful.

Specific sensual realism, the atmosphere of spiritual heat and bright joy revitalize this picture, although the common brown-green gamma and a rather complex composite decision of the Pos and gestures of the characters are introduced into the emotional tonality of the canvas notching and waiting.

It causes admiration for the perfect modeling of the body of a baby with the help of lighting - the effect of sculptural experiments of the Verrocko is felt here. The semantic and composite center of this work is undoubtedly the crossing of three hands - plump baby handle and a girlish fine-hand of Our Lady.

This touching item allows us to understand the brilliant ideas of Leonardo: a similar representation of Madonna and the Baby, in fact, is the embodiment of the feelings of mothers of the whole world. So at the very beginning of his creative path, Da Vinci managed not only to give their creation to the amazing expressiveness, but also to put it with a long time characteristic of only true masterpieces.

Madonna Leonardo da Vinci and Rafael Santi

M and d o n n s

Leonardo da Vinci and Rafael Santi

Leonardo da Vinci- One of the largest representatives of the high revival art, an example of a "universal person."

He was an artist, sculptor, architect, scientist (anatomy, naturalist), inventor, writer, musician.
Full of his name - Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci, Translated from Italian, this means "Leonardo, Son Mr. Piero from Vinci."
In the current sense, Leonardo did not have the name - "Da Vinci" means simply "(come) from Vinci's town."
Our contemporaries Leonardo is primarily known as an artist.

Mona Lisa - 1503-1506 Leonardo da Vinci

Who does not know "DZHOKOND" - the famous masterpiece Leonardo da Vinci?! Jocon's face is familiar to the whole world, her image is still the most commonly reprodunded image. However, despite its popularity and constructions, "Joconda" remains a mystery to us.

This picture is shrouded in a secret, and every time looking at her, we experience an amazing feeling of opening something new, not fed earlier - just as we re-open for ourselves a well-known landscape with summer, seeing him once in the fall immersed in mysterious foggy haze ...

At one time, Vazari argued that "Mona Lisa" (a reduction from Madonna Lisa) was written from the third wife of the Florentine rich named Francesco di Bartolometery del Giokondo, from where the second name of the picture was "Jokonda".

Typical for the picturesque manner of Leonardo da Vinci "SFUMATO" here emphasizes the mysterious strength of nature, which a person can only see, but not able to comprehend the mind.

This conflict between visible and judge creates a vague sensation of anxiety, increasing helplessness to nature and time: a person does not know where he should go, for his life - like that winding road from the gloomy landscape behind the back of Joconda - comes out of nowhere and rushes to nowhere ...

Leonardo concerns the question of the place of man in this world, and, it seems, one of the possible answers he expresses in a smile of incomparable mona Lisa: this ironic smile is a sign of the full awareness of the short-term human existence on Earth and the perpetualness of the Eternal Procedure for Nature. In this - the wisdom of the Joconda.

As the German philosopher Karl Jaspers (1883-1969), "Joconday" "removes the tension between the person and nature, and also erases the face between life and death."

Written in Italy, "Jokonda" remained forever in France - probably, as a kind of bonus for the hospitality manifested towards its author.

Leonardo da Vinci: Madonna Litta

Litta - Milan aristocratic surname of the XVII-XIX centuries. In the private meeting of this family, a picture was several centuries - hence her name. The initial name of the picture is "Madonna with a baby." "Madonna" was acquired by the Hermitage in 1864
It is assumed that the picture was written in Milan, where the artist moved in 1482
Her appearance marked a new stage in Renaissance art - the approval of the style of high rebirth.
Preparatory drawing to the Hermitage Blider is kept in Paris in the Louvre.

"Madonna in the cliffs" (1483-1486) Tree translated on canvas oil. 199022 cm. Louvre (Paris)

Madonna in a grotto

"Madonna in Grote" is the first of the works of Leonardo da Vinci, relating to the Milane period of his work. Initially, this picture was supposed to decorate the Altar Chapel of the Brotherhood of a Immaculate Conception in the Milan Cathedral of San Francesco Grande and is an excellent testimony of the unsurpassed skill of Leonardo da Vinci in the field of black and white modeling of figures and space.

Leonardo da Vinci: Lady with mountain

Leonardo da Vinci: Madonna Benua

Leonardo da Vinci: Dzhinevore de Benci

"Beautiful Ferronier" is a female portrait in the Louvre, considered the work of Leonardo da Vinci or his students.

"Madonna with a carnation" is a picture that many art crops are attributed to the young Leonardo da Vinci. Presumably, Leonardo was created by his student in the Verrican Workshop. 1478-1480

This selection contains the most famous paintings. Raphaeldevoted to the image of Our Lady (Madonna).

Following your teacherPerugino artist Rafael Santia (1483-1520) Created an expanded gallery of imagesMary with infant which are distinguished by a large variety of composite techniques and psychological interpretations.

Early Madonna Rafael followed by famous samplesumbry painting Quatrocherto . Idyllic images are not deprived of stiffness, dryness, hearaticity. The interaction of figures in the Madonns of the Florentine period more directly. For them are characteristic of complexlandscape Backgrounds. The first plan is the universal experiences of motherhood - a feeling of anxiety and at the same time pride of Mary for the fate of the Son. This charm of motherhood is the main emotional focus in Madonnakh, made after moving the artist in Rome. Absolute vertex is considered "Sistine Madonna "(1514), where harmoniously woven together a triumphant delight with notes of awakening anxiety.

Madonna with a baby "- the first appeal of Raphael to the image, which will become the main thing in the artist's work. The picture dates back to 1498. The artist at the time of writing the picture was only 15 years old. Now the picture is in the Museum of Rafael Italian city of Urbino.

"Madonna Connestabile" (Madonna Connestabile) was written in 1504 and later named by the owner of the painting of the Count Concreate. The picture was acquired by the Russian Emperor Alexander II. Now "Madonna Concreate" is located in the Hermitage (St. Petersburg). "
Madonna Contesta "is considered the last work created by Raphael in Umbria, before moving to Florence.

"Madonna with baby and saints Jerome and Francis" (Madonna Col Bambino Tra I Santi Girlamo E Francesco), 1499-1504. Now the picture is located in the Berlin art gallery.

"Malaya Madonna Cowper" (Piccola Madonna Cowper) was written in 1504-1505. The picture was named after its owner of Lord Cooois. Now the picture is in Washington (National Art Gallery).

Madonna Terranuova (Madonna Terranuova) was written in 1504-1505. The name of the picture received one of the owners - Italian Duke of Terranwa. Now the picture is located in the Berlin art gallery.

Painting Raphael "Holy Family under Palma" (Sacra Famiglia Con Palma) dated 1506 year. As in the last picture, Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ and St. Joseph (this time with a traditional beard) are depicted here. The picture is located in the National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh.

Madonna in Green (Madonna del Belvedere) dated 1506. Now the picture is in Vienna (Museum of Art History). In the film, Virgo Maria holds the baby of Christ, who grabs the cross in John the Baptist.

Madonna Aldobrandini (Madonna Aldobrandini) dated 1510 year. The picture is named by the name of the owners - the family of Aldobrandini. Now the picture is located in the London National Gallery.

"Madonna with Candelabras" (Madonna dei Candelabri) dated 1513-1514 years. The picture shows Virgo Maria with a baby Christ surrounded by two angels. The picture is located in the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore (USA).

Sicstinskaya Madonna (Madonna Sistina) dated 1513-1514 years. The picture shows the Virgin Mary with a baby Christ in his arms. To the left of the Our Lady of Pope Sikst II, right - Holy Varvara. "Sicstinskaya Madonna" is located in the gallery of old masters in Dresden (Germany).

"Madonna in a chair" (Madonna della Seggiola) dated 1513-1514 years. The picture shows the Virgin Mary with the baby Christ in her arms and John the Baptist. The painting is located in the Gallery of the Palatina in Florence.

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