The authors of impressionism. The best pictures of impressionists with names and photos

Impressionism is a direction in painting, originated in France in the XIX-XX centuries, which is an artistic attempt to capture any time in all its variability and mobility. The pictures of impressionists as if qualitatively washed photograph, reviving the continuation of the story seen in fantasy. In this article we will look at the 10 most famous Impressionists of the world. Fortunately, talented artists are much more than ten, twenty or even a hundred, so let's focus on those names that you need to know.

In order not to offend neither artists or their admirers, the list is given in Russian alphabetical order.

1. Alfred Sisley

This French painter of English origin is considered the most famous landscape of the second half of the XIX century. In his collection there are more than 900 paintings, of which the most famous "rural alley", "frost in Luveseyne", "Bridge in Argentee", "Early snow in Luvurezenne", "lawn in spring", and many others.

2. Van Gogh.

Famous to the whole world a sad story about his ear (by the way, he cut off all the ear, but only a lobe), Wang Gon became popular only after his death. And for life was able to sell one-sole picture, 4 months before death. They say he was both an entrepreneur, and a priest, but often fell into psychiatric hospitals due to depression, so all the rebels of its existence resulted in the legendary works.

3. Camille Pissarro

Pissarro was born on the island of St. Thomas, in the family of bourgeois Jews, and was one of the few impressionists, whose parents encouraged his passion and soon sent to Paris for training. Most of all, the artist had to taste Nature, he also depicted her in all colors, and if I say more precisely, Pissarro had a special talent to select the softness of flowers, the compatibility, after which the air appeared in the pictures.

4. Claude Monet

Since childhood, the guinea decided that he would become an artist, despite the bans of the family. Alone moved to Paris, Claude Monet plunged into the gray weekdays of hard life: two years in the service in the armed forces in Algeria, litigation with creditors due to poverty, illness. However, it seems that difficulties did not oppress, but on the contrary, inspired the artist to create such bright paintings as "the impression, the sunrise", the "parliament building in London", "Bridge to Europe", "Autumn in Argenthe", "on the shore Truvillie, "and many others.

5. Konstantin Korovin

It is nice to know that among the French, Impressionism parents, you can proudly put our compatriot - Konstantin Korovina. Passionate love for nature helped him intuitively attach a static picture of a static picture, thanks to the combination of suitable paints, the width of the smears, the choice of theme. It is impossible to pass by his paintings "Pier in Gurzuf", "Fish, wine and fruit", "Autumn landscape", "Moonlight. Winter and a series of his works dedicated to Paris.

6. Paul Gogen

Until 26 years old Paul Gauguin and did not think about painting. He was an entrepreneur and had a big family. However, when I first saw the pictures of Camille Pissarro, I decided that it would certainly be drawing. Over time, the style of the artist changed, but the most famous impressionistic paintings are "the garden in the snow", "at the cliff", "on the beach in Dieppe", "nude", "Palm trees on Martinique" and others.

7. Paul Cesanne

Cezanne, unlike most of his colleagues, became known for life. He managed to organize his own exhibition and cut out considerable incomes from it. People knew the lot in his paintings - he, as no one learned to combine the game of light and shadows, made a loud emphasis on the right and improper geometric forms, the strictness of the subject of his paintings was harmony with romance.

8. Pierre Auguste Renoir

Until 20 years, Renoir worked as a decorator of fans from her older brother, and only then moved to Paris, where he met Monet, basal and sispel. This acquaintance helped him in the future to become an impressionism on the road and become famous for her. Renoir is known as the author of the sentimental portrait, among its most prominent works - "on the terrace", "Walk", "Portrait of an actress Zhanna Samari", "Lodge", "Alfred Sisley and his wife", "on a swing", "Floor" and a lot others.

9. Edgar Degas

If you have not heard anything about the "blue dancers", "ballet rehearsal", "ballet school" and "absinthe" - hurry to learn more about the work of Edgar Degi. Selection of original colors, unique topics for paintings, the feeling of movement of the picture - all this and much more made a degass one of the most famous artists.

10. Eduard Mana

Do not confuse Mane with Monet - these are two different people who worked at one time and in one artistic direction. Mana always attracted a domestic scene, unusual appearance and type, as if accidentally "caught" moments were subsequently imprisoned for centuries. Among famous paintings Manne: Olympia, "Breakfast on the grass", "Bar in Foli-Berger, Fleutist," Nana "and others.

If you have at least the slightest opportunity to see the paintings of these masters live - you will forever fall in love with impressionism!

One of the largest trends in the art of the last decades of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth is impressionism, spread throughout the world from France. Its representatives were engaged in the development of such methods and techniques of painting, which would allow the real world to be most and naturally reflected in the dynamics, transfer the fleeting impressions from him.

In the style of impressionism, many artists created their canvas, but the founders of the movement were Claude Monet, Edward Mana, Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas, Frederick Basil, Camille Pissaro. It is impossible to call their best works, as they are all beautiful, but there are the most famous, it is about them further and will be discussed.

Claude Monet: "Impression. Rising Sun"

The canvas, from which to start a conversation about the best pictures of impressionists. Claude Monet wrote it in 1872 from nature in the old port of French Gauring. Two years later, the picture was first demonstrated to the public in the former workshop of the French artist and the cartoonist of Nadar. This exhibition has become a fateful art for the world. Impressed (not in the best sense) by the work of the Monet, the name of which in the original language sounds like "Impression, Soleil Levant", the journalist Louis Lerua first introduced into circulation the term "impressionism" by referring to them a new direction in painting.

The picture was stolen in 1985 with the works of O. Renuara and B. Morizo. Found it five years later. Currently, "impression. The ascending sun "belongs to the museum of Marmotan Monet in Paris.

Eduard Monet: Olympia

The painting "Olympia", created by the French impressionist Edward Mana in 1863, is one of the masterpieces of modern painting. She was first introduced at the Paris Salon in 1865. Artists-Impressionists and their paintings were often in the center of loud scandals. However, Olympia has caused the largest of them in the history of art.

On the canvas we see a nude woman, face and body facing the audience. The second character is a black maid, in the hands of which a luxury bouquet wrapped in paper. Flying the bed has a black kitten in a characteristic posture with the curved back. About the history of the creation of the painting is known not so much, only two sketch reached us. The model served, most likely, a favorite simulator Mana - Quiz Mönar. It is believed that the artist used the image of Margarita Bellands - Napoleon's mistress.

In that period of creativity, when "Olympia" was created, Mane was passionate about Japanese art, and therefore intentionally refused to study the nuances of the dark and light. Because of this, his contemporaries did not see the volume of the figure of the figure, counted it flat and coarse. The artist accused of amorality, vulgarity. Never before this picture of the impressionists did not cause such a stir and mockery from the crowd. The administration was forced to put the guards around her. Degas compared the fame of Mana, conquered by Olympia, and the courage with whom he took criticism, with the history of Garibaldi's life.

Almost a quarter of a century after the exhibition was kept in an inaccessible to the extraneous eyes of the workshop. Then he was again put in Paris in 1889. She was almost bought, but the artist's friends gathered the necessary amount and bought out "Olympia" by the widow man, and then passed to the state. Now the picture belongs to the Museum of Orsay in Paris.

Auguste Renoir: "Big swimsters"

The picture is written by the French artist in 1884-1887. Taking into account the well-known paintings of Impressionists in the interval between 1863 and the beginning of the twentieth century, "large swimsuits" are called the largest cloth with naked women's figures. Renoir worked on him more than three years, and many sketches were created during this gap, sketches. There was no longer any painting in his work, which he would devote so much time.

In the foreground, the viewer sees three naked women, two of which are on the shore, and the third is in the water. Figures are written very realistic and clearly, which is a characteristic feature of the artist. Renuara's simulators were Alina Sharigo (his future wife) and Suzanna Valadon, who in the future and herself became a famous artist.

Edgar Degas: "Blue dancers"

Butter on the canvas are written not all of the famous artists of impressionists are written in the article. The photo above makes it possible to understand what is the picture "Blue Dancers". It is made pastel on a paper sheet with a size of 65x65 cm and belongs to the late period of artist's creativity (1897). He drew it with already weakened vision, so the decorative organization is of paramount importance: an image is perceived as large color spots, especially if you consider it near. The topic of dancers was close to Degas. She repeatedly repeated in his work. Many critics believe that on the harmony of the color and compositions of "Blue dancers" can be considered the best work of the artist on this topic. Currently, the picture is kept in the art museum. A. S. Pushkin in Moscow.

Frederick Basil: "Pink dress"

One of the founders of French impressionism Frederick Basil was born in the bourgeois family of wealthy winery. Back in the years of study in the lyceum, he began to get involved in painting. Having moved to Paris, started acquaintance with K. Monet and O. Renohar. Unfortunately, the artist destiny was taken by a short life path. He died at 28 at the front during the Franco-Prussian War. However, it, albeit a few, the canvas rightly include the "Best Pictures of Impressionists" list. One of them is a "pink dress", written in 1864 in all signs of the canvas can be attributed to early impressionism: coloristic contrasts, attention to color, solar lighting and a stopped instant, the very thing that was called the "impression". As a model, one of the cousin of the artist Teresa de Horse was performed. Currently, the painting belongs to the Museum of Orsay in Paris.

Camille Pissaro: "Montmartre Boulevard. Afternoon, sunny

Camille Pissero became famous for its landscapes, whose characteristic feature of which is the drawing of light and illuminated objects. His work had a noticeable impact on the genre of impressionism. The artist independently developed many of the principles inherent in him, the laxation of creativity in the future.

Pissaro loved to write the same place at different times of the day. He has a whole series of cloths with Paris boulevards and streets. The most famous of them is "Boulevard Montmartre" (1897). It reflects all the charm that the artist sees in the boiling and restless life of this corner of Paris. Considering the boulevard from the same place, he demonstrates his viewer in a sunny and cloudy day, in the morning, afternoon and late in the evening. In the photo below - the picture "Montmartre Boulevard".

This manner was adopted by many artists later. We mention only about what pictures of impressionists are written under the influence of Pissaro. This tendency is clearly traced in the work of Monet (series of cloths "Stacks").

Alfred Sisley: "Spring lawns"

"The lawns in the spring" is one of the latest paintings of the Alfred Sisaleya landscape player, written in 1880-1881. On her, the viewer sees a forest path along the coast of the Seine with a village on the opposite shore. In the foreground, the girl is the daughter of the artist Jeanne Sisley.

The artist's landscapes transfer the genuine atmosphere of the historical region of Il de France and keep in themselves the specialty and transparency of natural phenomena characteristic of specific seasons. The artist has never been a supporter of unusual effects and adhered to a simple composition and limited palette of paints. Now the picture is stored in the National Gallery of London.

We listed the most famous pictures of impressionists (with titles and descriptions). These are masterpieces of world painting. The unique painting style in France initially was perceived with a mockery and irony, critics emphasized the frank carelessness of artists in writing cloths. Now it is unlikely to dare to challenge their genius. The pictures of the Impressionists are exhibited in the most prestigious museums of the world and are the desired exhibit for any private collection.

The style did not go to the fly and has a lot of followers. Our compatriot Andrei Koch, French painter Laurent Parselyely, American Diana Leonard and Karen Tarlton are famous modern impressionists. Their paintings are made in the best traditions of the genre, filled with bright colors, bold strokes and life. In the photo above - the work of Laurent Parselyee "In the rays of the Sun".

Impressionism (from French " impression"- The impression) is a direction in art (literature, painting, architecture), it appeared at the end of the twentieth century of the century in France and quickly gained widespread in other mills of the world. Followers of a new direction that were considered that academic, traditional techniques, for example, in painting or in architecture, cannot fully transfer all the completeness and the smallest details of the surrounding world, transferred to the use of completely new techniques and techniques primarily in painting, then in the literature and music. They allowed the most vividly and naturally portray all the mobility and variability of the real world by means of transmission not its photographic species, but through the prism of impressions and emotions of the authors about what he saw.

The author of the term "impressionism" is the French critic and a journalist Louis Lerua, who under the impression of visits to the exhibition of the group of young artists "Salon Located" in 1874 in Paris, calls them in their feuethmones by impressionists, peculiar "impressive", and this statement is somewhat dismantling and irony. The basis for the name of this term served as criticized the picture of Claude Monet "Impression. Rising Sun". And although at first many paintings at this exhibition were sharp criticism and rejection, later this direction was gained wider recognition of the public and became popular all over the world.

Impressionism in painting

(Claude Monet "Boats on the Beach")

The new style, the manner and technique of the image were invented by French artists-Impressionists not from scratch, the experience and developments of the artists of the most talented painters of the Renaissance of the Renaissance: Rubens, Velasquez, El Greco, Goya. From them, the impressionists took such methods with a brighter and lively transfer of the surrounding world or expressive weather conditions as the use of intermediate tones, the use of bright techniques or the opposite of dull smears, large or small, distinguished abstractness. The adepts of the new direction in painting either completely abandoned the traditional academic drawing manner, or completely redested the methods and ways of image on their own way, making such innovations as:

• Items, objects or figures were depicted without contour, it was replaced by small and contrasting strokes;
• The palette was not used to mix colors, the colors of complementary and not requiring mergers were selected. Sometimes the paint squeezed out on the canvas directly from the metal tube, forming clean, sparkling color with a smear effect;
• The practical absence of black color;
• Canvas were mainly written outdoors, from nature, in order to more brightly and expressively betray their emotions and impressions of what he saw;
• The use of paints with high tailoring;
• Applying fresh smears directly not yet a caustic surface of the canvas;
• The creation of cycles of pictorial works in order to study changes in light and shadows ("Stacks of the Sen" Claude Monet);
• The lack of images of acute social, philosophical or religious problems, historical or significant events. The works of impressionists are filled with positive emotions, there is no place of gloomy and hard to think, here only lightness, joy and beauty of each moment, sincerity of feelings and frankness of emotions.

(Eduard Mana "Reading")

And although not all artists of this area adhered to special accuracy in the performance of all accurate features of the style of impressionism (Edward Mana positioned himself as a separate artist and never participated in joint exhibitions (they were all 8 from 1874 to 1886). Edgar Dega was created only in his own Workshop) It did not prevent them from creating a masterpiece of fine arts, stored so far in the best museums, and private collections around the world.

Russian artists impressionists

Being impressed by the creative ideas of French impressionists, Russian artists at the end of the 19th onwards of the 20th century create their original masterpieces of fine art, later known under the general name "Russian Impressionism".

(V. A. Serov "Girl with Peaches")

Konstantin Korovin ("Portrait of Chores", 1883, North Idylli, 1886), Valentin Serov ("Open Window. Lilac", 1886, "Girl with Peaches", 1887 g), Cyanji Arkhip ( "North", 1879, "Dnipro in the morning" 1881), Abram Arkupov ("North Sea", "Landscape. Etude with a logberon"), "Late" Impressionist Igor Grabar ("Birch Alley", 1940, "Winter Landscape" , 1954).

(Borisov Musatov "Autumn Song")

Methods and manners of the image inherent impressionism took place in creativity and such outstanding Russian artists as Borisov Musatov, Bogdanov Belsky, Nilus. The classic canons of French impressionism in the paintings of Russian artists have undergone some changes, as a result of which this area has acquired a distinctive national specificity.

Foreign impressionists

One of the first works performed in the style of impressionism, the picture of Eduard mana "Breakfast on the grass" is considered, put up to the public in 1860 in the Paris "Salon of Rejected", where the canvas could not be dismantled, who did not pass the selection of the Paris Salon of Arts. The picture written in the style that radically distinguished from the traditional manner of the image caused a lot of critical comments and rallied around the artist followers of the new artistic direction.

(Eduard mana "in the zucchi of Latuil's dad")

The most famous artists-Impressionists include Edward Mane ("Bar in Foli-Berger," Music in Tuilery "," Breakfast on the grass "," Papashi Latuille "," Arzhance "), Claude Monet (" Poppy Field of Argenta "," Walk to the rock in Purville "," Women in the garden "," Lady with an umbrella "," Kapuchin Boulevard ", a series of works" Water Lilies "," Impression. Ascending Sun "), Alfreda Sisaleya (" Rural Alley " , "Frost in Luvezien", "Bridge in Argente", "Early Snow in Luvurezenne", "Lawn Spring"), Pierre Owyst Renuara ("Breakfast Rollets", "Ball in Moulin de la Gaette", "Dance in the village", "Umbrellas", "Dance in Buhval", "Girls for the piano"), Camille Pisarro ("Montmartre Boulevard at night", "Harvest in Euras", "Jacia Rest", "Garden in Pontoise", "Entrance to Vouisen") , Edgar Degi ("Dance Class", "Rehearsal", "Concert in Cafe" Ambassador "," Orchestra Opera "," Dancers in Blue "," Absinthe Lovers "), Georges Sere (" Sunday Day "," Kankan ", "Software") and others.

(Paul Cesanne "Piero and Harlequin")

Four artists in the 90s of the 19th century create a new direction in art on the basis of impressionism and call themselves by postimipresions (Paul Gaugugen, Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cesanne, Henri de Toulouse-Lotrek). They are characterized by the transfer of non-fleeting sensations and impressions from the surrounding world, but the knowledge of the true essence of things that is hidden under their outer shell. Their most famous works: Gajen fields ("Naughty joke", "La Orana Maria", "Fighting Jacob with an angel", "Yellow Christ"), Cezanna fields ("Piero and Harlequin", "Big swimsters", "Lady in Blue "), Vincent Van Gogh (Starry Night", "Sunflowers", "Iris"), Henri de Toulouse-Lotroid ("Broke", "Toilet", "Learning to dance in Moulin-Rouge").

Impressionism in sculpture

(Auguste Roden "Thinker")

As a separate direction in architecture, impressionism did not work out, it is possible to find its separate features and signs in some sculptural compositions and monuments. Sculpture This style gives free plastic soft forms, they create an amazing game of light on the surface of the figures and give some sense of incompleteness, sculptural characters are often depicted at the time of movement. The works in this direction include the sculptures of the famous French sculptor Auguste Rodin ("Kiss", "Thinker", "Poet and Musa", "Romeo and Juliet", "Eternal Spring"), the Italian artist and the sculptor of Medroad Rosso (Figures from clay and Gypsum is filled to achieve a unique light effect wax: "Promratrix and a summit", "golden age", "motherhood"), the Russian genius nugget of Pavel Trubetsky (bronze bust of Lev Tolstoy, Monument to Alexander III in St. Petersburg).

Everything takes their origins somewhere in the past, including painting changed together with times, and the current flows are not clear to everyone. But all new is well forgotten old, and to understand the current painting, you do not need to know the history of art from ancient times, it is enough just to remember the painting of the XIX and XX centuries.

The middle of the XIX century is the time of change not only in history, but also art. All that was before: Classicism, Romanticism and More More Academism - currents limited to certain frameworks. In France, the 50-60s, the trend in painting asked the official salon, but the typical "salon" art suited not all, it explained the new directions that appeared. In painting of that time, a revolutionary explosion occurred, which broke with age-old traditions and stood. And one of the epicenters became Paris, where in the spring of 1874, young painter artists, among whom were Monet, Pissaro, Sisan, Degas, Renoir and Cesan, organized their own exhibition. The works presented there completely differed from the salon. Artists used another method - reflexes, shadows and light were transferred to clean paints, separate strokes, the shape of each subject seemed to dissolve in the air-light medium. No other directions in painting knew such methods. These effects helped maximize their impressions from forever changing things, nature, people. One journalist called the group "Impressionists", thereby wanted to show his disregard for young artists. But they accepted this term, and he eventually got involved and entered the active use, having lost a negative meaning. So Impressionism appeared, unlike all other destinations in the painting of the 19th century.

At first, the reaction to the innovation was more than hostile. Nobody wanted to buy too bold and new painting, and they were afraid, because all the critics did not accept Impressionists seriously, laughed at them. Many said that artists-Impressionists wanted to achieve quick glory, they were not satisfied with a sharp gap with conservatism and academism, as well as unfinished and "sloppy" type of work. But the artists could not give up his beliefs even hunger and poverty, and they showed perseverance until their paintings were finally recognized. But waiting for recognition had to be too long, some artists-Impressionists were no longer alive.

As a result, the current in Paris during the 60s was of great importance for the development of world art of the XIX and XX centuries. After all, future directions in painting were repelled precisely from impressionism. Each subsequent style appeared in search of a new one. Postpressionism gave rise to the same impressionists who decided that their method is limited: a deep and multivalued symbolism was a response to painting, "lost meaning", and modernity even calls for a new one. Of course, since 1874, many changes occurred in art, but all modern directions in painting are somehow repelled from the fleeting Paris Impression.

Impressionism is one of the most famous directions of French painting, if not the most famous. And it was born in the late 60s and early 70s of the XIX century and largely influenced the further development of the art of the time.

Impressionism in painting

The name " impressionism"It was invented by the French artistic critic name named Louis Leria after visiting the first exhibition of Impressionists in 1874, where he criticized the picture of Claude Monet" Impression: the ascending sun "(" impression "in the translation to French sounds like" impression ").

Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Frederick Basil - the main representatives of impressionism.

Impressionism in painting is characterized by rapid, spontaneous and free strokes. The leading principle was a realistic image of a light-air environment.

Impressionists sought to capture an elusive moments on canvas. If the object appears in unnatural color, due to a certain angle of falling the light or reflection, then the artist so it depicts it: for example, if the sun paints the surface of the pond in pink color, then it will be written in pink.

Features of impressionism

Speaking about the main features of impressionism, it is necessary to name the following:

• immediate and optically accurate image of a fleeting point;
• execution of all outdoor work - more than any preparatory sketches and completion of work in the studio;

• using clean color on canvas, without prior mixing on the palette;
• the use of spray bright paint, smears of different magnitude and degree of squeaming, which visually add up in one picture, only if you look at it from the distance.

Russian Impressionism

One of the masterpieces of Russian painting is considered a reference portrait in this style - "Girl with peaches" of the authorship of Alexander Serov, for which impressionism, nevertheless, has become only a period of hobbies. Konstantin Korovin, Abraha Arkhipov, Philip Maalyavina, Igor Grabar and other artists are also refined to Russian impressionism.

This personality is rather conditional, since Russian and classic French impressionism have their own specifics. Russian impressionism was closer to the materiality, the subjects of works, it was to the artistic meaning, while French impressionism, as mentioned above, simply sought to portray moments of life, without unnecessary philosophy.

In fact, Russian impressionism took over from the French only the outer side of the style, the techniques of his painting, but never learned the very picturesque thinking invested in impressionism.

Modern impressionism continues the traditions of classic French impressionism. In modern painting of the XXI century, many artists operate in this direction, for example, Laurent Parkarel, Karen Tarlton, Diana Leonard and others.

Impressionism masterpieces

"Terrace in Saint Address" (1867), Claude Monet

This picture can be called the first masterpiece Monet. It is still the most popular picture of early impressionism. Here, too, there is a favorite theme of the artist - flowers and the sea. A few people are depicted on the canvas at the terrace on a sunny day. On chairs, back to the audience, the relatives of Monte itself are depicted.

The whole picture is filled with bright sunlight. The clear boundaries between the Earth, the sky and the sea are divided, organizing the composition vertically with the help of two flagpoles, but does not have a clear center composition. Flag colors are combined with the surrounding nature, emphasizing the variety and saturation of the paints.

"Ball in Moulin de la Gaette" (1876), Pierre Auguste Renoir

This picture is depicting a typical Sunday day in Paris of the XIX century, in Moulin de La Galette - a cafe with an open dance floor, whose name corresponds to the name of the mill, which is nearby and is a symbol of Montmartre. Next to this cafe was located the house of Renuara; He often visited the daytime Sunday dances and loved to watch happy couples.

Renoir demonstrates real talent and combines the art of a group portrait, still life and landscape painting in one picture. Using light in this composition and smooth smears best represent a wide viewer style impressionism. This picture has become one of the most expensive paintings ever sold at auctions.

"Montmartre Boulevard at night" (1897), Camille Pissarro

Despite the fact that Pissarro is famous for his paintings with the image of rural life, he also wrote a large number of beautiful urban stories of the XIX century in Paris. He loved to write the city because of the game of Light during the day and evening, due to roads lit as sunlight and street lamps.

In 1897, he rented a room on Montmartre Boulevard and depicted it at different times of the day, and this work became the only work from the series captured after the night came. The canvas filled with thick blue and bright yellow spots of urban lights. In all the pictures of the "boulevard" cycle, the main rod of the composition is the dealer distance.

Now the picture is located in the National Gallery of London, but during the life of Pissarro she never exhibited anywhere.

Watch the video about the history and conditions of creativity of the main representatives of impressionism here: