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08.03.2020

Comparative characteristics of heroes (by comedy A

The cooking "Description of the character of Lensky in the novel" Evgeny Onegin

Social and philosophical origins of Bunt Raskolnikova Social origins of Bunt Raskolnikova

The old communist Mikhail Mostovskaya, captured on the outskirts of Stalingrad, brought to the concentration camp in West Germany. He falls asleep under the prayer of the Italian priest Garde, argues with the Tolstroyman iconnikov, sees the hatred of himself Menshevik Chernetskov and the strong will of the "Reluor Dum" Major Ershov.
Polystrol Crimean sent to Stalingrad, in the army of Chuikov. He should make out the controversial case between the commander and the rifle regiment commissar. Arriving in the regiment, Crimea learns that the commander, and the Commissioner died under the bombing. Soon the Crimea and himself takes part in the night battle.
Moscow Scientist-Physicist Victor Pavlovich Strut with family is in evacuation in Kazan. Testa Strum Alexander Vladimirovna and in Mount of War preserved mental youth: she is interested in the history of Kazan, streets and museums, the daily life of people. Wife Strum Lyudmila considers this interest to his mother with senile egoism. Lyudmila does not have news from the front from Toli, son from the first marriage. Its sadness is a categorical, lonely and heavy character of the nadudine daughter Nadi. Sister Lyudmila Zhenya Shaposhnikov turned out to be

In Kuibyshev. The nephew of sellers of shaposhnikov - at the front. The mother of Strum Anna Semenovna remained in a busy Ukrainian town busy, and Strod understands that she, a Jew, is not enough chance to stay alive. He's hard mood, he blames his wife that, because of her severe nature, Anna Semenovna could not live with them in Moscow. The only person softening the heavy atmosphere in the family is a girlfriend Lyudmila, shy, kind and sensitive Marya Ivanovna Sokolova, a wife of colleagues and a friend of STRUM.
STRUM gets a farewell letter from the mother. Anna Semenovna tells what humiliation she had to go through in the city, where she lived twenty years, working as a doctor-oculist. People whom she knew for a long time, struck her. A neighbor calmly demanded to free the room and threw her things. Old teacher stopped greeting her. But but the former patient, whom she considered the sullen and gloomy man, helps her, bringing products to the ghetto fence. Through it, she passed the farewell letter to his son on the eve of the campaign.
Lyudmila receives a letter from the Saratov hospital, where her heavy wounded son is lying. It urgently leaves there, but, having arrived, he learns about the death of Toli. "All people are to blame for the mother who lost their son in the war, and in vain trying to justify it in front of it throughout the history of mankind."
The secretary of the regional committee of one of the occupied by the German regions of Ukraine, the Hetmans was appointed Commissioner of the Tank Corps. Hetmans worked all her life in the atmosphere of denunciations, bowling and falsehood and now transfers these life principles to the front situation. The commander of the building General Novikov is a direct and honest person who is trying to prevent senseless human sacrifices. Hetmanov expresses Novikov his admiration and at the same time writes a denunciation that Comcor did an attack for eight minutes to save people.
Novikov loves Zhenya Shaposhnikov, comes to her in Kuibyshev. Before the war, Zhenya left his husband, Polymatot worker Crimea. She is alien to the views of Crimea, who approved the arrest, knowing about terrible hunger in the villages, justified the arrests of 1937. She is responsible for novikov reciprocity, but warns him that if Crimea will be arrested, returns to a former husband.
Military surgeon Sophia Osipovna Levinton, arrested on the outskirts of Stalingrad, falls into the German concentration camp. Jews are taken somewhere in commodity cars, and Sophia Osipovna sees with surprise, in just a few days many people pass the way from a person to the "dirty and unhappy, deprived of the name and freedom of cattle." Rebeca Buchman, trying to hide from the clouds, strangled his crying daughter.
On the road, Sophia Osipovna meets six-year-old David, who in front of the war came from Moscow for the holidays towards her grandmother. Sophia Osipovna becomes the only impact of the vulnerable, impressionable child. She is experiencing a maternal feeling. Until the last minute, Sophia Osipovna calms the boy, encouraging him. They are dying together in the gas chamber.
Crimea receives an order to go to Stalingrad, surrounded by the "six fraction one" house, where the people of Grekova are held by defense. Before politics, the front reached the report that the Greeks refuse to write reports, leads antistaline conversations with fighters and under German bullets show independence from the bosses. Crimea should bring the Bolshevik order in the surrounded house and, if necessary, remove the Greek from the command.
Shortly before the appearance of Crimea "manager", Greeks sent Schaposhnikov Schaposhnikov from the surrounded house and a young radio line Katya Hungarian, knowing about their love and wanting to save from death. Saying goodbye to the Greek, Seryozha "saw that they look at him beautiful, humane, smart and sad eyes, which never saw in his life."
But the Commissioner-Bolshevik of Crimea is interested only in collecting a compromising on the "uncontrollable" Grekova. Crimea refers to the consciousness of its significance, trying to catch the Grekov in anti-Soviet sentiments. Even the deadly danger, which defenders at home every minute, do not cool it off. Crimea decides to remove Grekov and take command itself. But at night, his crazy bullet is wound. Crimea guess that he shot the Greeks. Returning to the political notion, he writes a denunciation on Greek, but soon he learns that he was late: all the defenders of the house "six fraction one" died. Because of the Crimean Donos, Grekov is not assigned the posthumous title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the German concentration camp, where Mostovskaya sits, an underground organization is created. But among the prisoners there are no unity: the Brigadier Commissioner of Osipov does not trust the non-party Major Eroshu, which is from the family of the smoked. He is afraid that brave, direct and decent Ershov will gain too much influence. Abandoned from Moscow to the camp Comrade Kotikov gives the installation - to act by the Stalinist methods. Communists make a decision to get rid of Yershov and put his card into a group selected for Buchenwald. Despite the soul intimacy of Sershov, the old communist Mostovsky obeys this decision. An unknown provocator issues an underground organization, and the Gestapo destroys its participants.
The institute in which the STCer works returns from evacuation to Moscow. Stool writes work on nuclear physics, which causes common interest. The famous academician speaks on the scientist of the Council that the work of this meaning was not yet born in the walls of the physical institution. The work is nominated to the Stalinist Prize, STRUM is on the wave of success, it makes it happy and worries it. But at the same time STRUM notes that the Jews survive gramnog from his laboratory. When he tries to entertain his employees, he is made to understand that and his own position is not too reliable due to the "fifth point" and numerous relatives abroad.
Sometimes STRUM meets with Maria Ivanovna Sokolova and soon understands that he loves her and love her. But Marya Ivanovna cannot hide his love from her husband, and he takes the word from her not to see the shrum. Just at this time, the persecution on the shrum begins.
A few days before the Stalingrad onset of Crimea was arrested and sent to Moscow. Once in a prison chamber on Lubyanka, he cannot come to himself from surprise: interrogations and tortures are aimed to prove it to betraying his homeland during the Stalingrad battle.
In the Stalingrad battle, the Tank Corps of General Novikova is characterized.
In the days of the Stalingrad offensive, the strut was sharpened. A crushing article appears in the institute newspaper, he will persuade him to write a penalized letter, to speak with the recognition of his mistakes on the scientist of the Council. STRUM collects his whole will and refuses to repent, does not even come to a meeting of the scientific council. The family supports him and, waiting for arrest, is ready to divide his fate. On this day, as always in the difficult moments of his life, the Strum is calling Marya Ivanovna and says that he is proud of them and whips about him. Stools are not arrested, but only dismissed from work. He finds himself in isolation, friends cease to see him.
But in an instant the situation changes. Theoretical works on nuclear physics attract Stalin's attention. He calls the STRUM and is interested, whether the outstanding scientist is experiencing in anything. Strum Immediately restore at the Institute, create all the conditions for work. Now he himself determines the composition of the laboratory, without regard to the nationality of employees. But when the Strum begins to seem to appear that he left the black strip of his life, he again turns out to be selected. From him, they require signing an appeal to English scientists who defended the repressed Soviet colleagues. Leading Soviet scientists, to which the STRUM is now ranked, must confirm the force of their scientific authority that there are no repression in the USSR. STRUM does not find the strength to refuse and sign the appeal. The most terrible punishment becomes the call of Marya Ivanovna for him: she's sure that the STRUM did not sign the letter, and admires his courage ...
Zhenya Shaposhnikov arrives in Moscow, who learned about the arrest of Crimea. She puts in all queues, in which his wife stands are repressed, and a sense of debt towards a former husband is fighting in her soul with love for Novikov. Novikov learns about her decision to return to Crimea during the Battle of Stalingrad. It seems to him that he will fall dead. But you have to live and continue the offensive.
After Torture, Crimea lies on the floor in a Lubyansky office and hears the conversation of his executioners about the victory near Stalingrad. It seems to him that he sees Grekov, going to meet him on the Bit Stalingrad brick. Interrogation continues, Crimea refuses to sign the charge. Returning to the camera, he finds the transfer from Zhenya and crying.
Standard Stalingrad Winter. In the spring silence of the forest, the cry of the dead and fierce joy of life heard.

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Category: Summary

Roman (1960)

Polystrol Crimean sent to Stalingrad, in the army of Chuikov. He should make out the controversial case between the commander and the rifle regiment commissar. Arriving in the regiment, Crimea learns that the commander, and the Commissioner died under the bombing. Soon the Crimea and himself takes part in the night battle.

Moscow Scientist-Physicist Victor Pavlovich Strut with family is in evacuation in Kazan. Testa Strum Alexander Vladimirovna and in Mount of War preserved mental youth: she is interested in the history of Kazan, streets and museums, the daily life of people. Wife Strum Lyudmila considers this interest to his mother with senile egoism. Lyudmila does not have news from the front from Toli, son from the first marriage. Its sadness is a categorical, lonely and heavy character of the nadudine daughter Nadi. Sister Lyudmila Zhenya Shaposhnikov was in Kuibyshev. The nephew of sellers of shaposhnikov - at the front.

The mother of Strum Anna Semenovna remained in a busy Ukrainian town busy, and Strod understands that she, a Jew, is not enough chance to stay alive. He's hard mood, he blames his wife that, because of her severe nature, Anna Semenovna could not live with them in Moscow. The only person softening the heavy atmosphere in the family is a girlfriend Lyudmila, shy, kind and sensitive Marya Ivanovna Sokolova, a wife of colleagues and a friend of STRUM.

STRUM gets a farewell letter from the mother. Anna Semenovna tells what humiliation she had to go through in the city, where she lived twenty years, working as a doctor-oculist. People whom she knew for a long time, struck her. A neighbor calmly demanded to free the room and threw her things. Old teacher stopped greeting her. But but the former patient, whom she considered the sullen and gloomy man, helps her, bringing products to the ghetto fence. Through it, she passed the farewell letter to his son on the eve of the campaign.

Lyudmila receives a letter from the Saratov hospital, where her heavy wounded son is lying. It urgently leaves there, but, having arrived, he learns about the death of Toli. "All people are to blame for the mother who lost their son in the war, and in vain trying to justify it in front of it throughout the history of mankind."

The secretary of the regional committee of one of the occupied by the German regions of Ukraine, the Hetmans was appointed Commissioner of the Tank Corps. Hetmans worked all her life in the atmosphere of denunciations, bowling and falsehood and now transfers these life principles to the front situation. The commander of the building General Novikov is a direct and honest person who is trying to prevent senseless human sacrifices. Hetmanov expresses Novikov his admiration and at the same time writes a denunciation that Comcor did an attack for eight minutes to save people.

Novikov loves Zhenya Shaposhnikov, comes to her in Kuibyshev. Before the war, Zhenya left his husband, Polymatot worker Crimea. She is alien to the views of Crimea, who approved the arrest, knowing about terrible hunger in the villages, justified the arrests of 1937. She is responsible for novikov reciprocity, but warns him that if Crimea will be arrested, returns to a former husband.

Military surgeon Sophia Osipovna Levinton, arrested on the outskirts of Stalingrad, falls into the German concentration camp. Jews are taken somewhere in commodity cars, and Sophia Osipovna sees with surprise, in just a few days many people pass the way from a person to the "dirty and unhappy, deprived of the name and freedom of cattle." Rebeca Buchman, trying to hide from the clouds, strangled his crying daughter.

On the road, Sophia Osipovna meets six-year-old David, who in front of the war came from Moscow for the holidays towards her grandmother. Sophia Osipovna becomes the only impact of the vulnerable, impressionable child. She is experiencing a maternal feeling. Until the last minute, Sophia Osipovna calms the boy, encouraging him. They are dying together in the gas chamber.

Crimea receives an order to go to Stalingrad, surrounded by the "six fraction one" house, where the people of Grekova are held by defense. Before politics, the front reached the report that the Greeks refuse to write reports, leads antistaline conversations with fighters and under German bullets show independence from the bosses. Crimea should bring the Bolshevik order in the surrounded house and, if necessary, remove the Greek from the command.

Shortly before the appearance of Crimea "manager", Greeks sent Schaposhnikov Schaposhnikov from the surrounded house and a young radio line Katya Hungarian, knowing about their love and wanting to save from death. Saying goodbye to the Greek, Seryozha "saw that they look at him beautiful, humane, smart and sad eyes, which never saw in his life."

But the Commissioner-Bolshevik of Crimea is interested only in collecting a compromising on the "uncontrollable" Grekova. Crimea refers to the consciousness of its significance, trying to catch the Grekov in anti-Soviet sentiments. Even the deadly danger, which defenders at home every minute, do not cool it off. Crimea decides to remove Grekov and take command itself. But at night, his crazy bullet is wound. Crimea guess that he shot the Greeks. Returning to the political notion, he writes a denunciation on Greek, but soon he learns that he was late: all the defenders of the house "six fraction one" died. Because of the Crimean Donos, Grekov is not assigned the posthumous title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the German concentration camp, where Mostovskaya sits, an underground organization is created. But among the prisoners there are no unity: the Brigadier Commissioner of Osipov does not trust the non-party Major Eroshu, which is from the family of the smoked. He is afraid that brave, direct and decent Ershov will gain too much influence. Abandoned from Moscow to the camp Comrade Kotikov gives the installation - to act by the Stalinist methods. Communists make a decision to get rid of Yershov and put his card into a group selected for Buchenwald. Despite the mental intimacy with Ershov, the old communist Mostovsky obeys this decision. An unknown provocator issues an underground organization, and the Gestapo destroys its participants.

The institute in which the STCer works returns from evacuation to Moscow. Stool writes work on nuclear physics, which causes common interest. The famous academician speaks on the scientist of the Council that the work of this meaning was not yet born in the walls of the physical institution. The work is nominated to the Stalinist Prize, STRUM is on the wave of success, it makes it happy and worries it. But at the same time STRUM notes that the Jews survive gramnog from his laboratory. When he tries to entertain his employees, he is made to understand that and his own position is not too reliable due to the "fifth point" and numerous relatives abroad.

Sometimes STRUM meets with Maria Ivanovna Sokolova and soon understands that he loves her and love her. But Marya Ivanovna cannot hide his love from her husband, and he takes the word from her not to see the shrum. Just at this time, the persecution on the shrum begins.

A few days before the Stalingrad onset of Crimea was arrested and sent to Moscow. Once in a prison chamber on Lubyanka, he cannot come to himself from surprise: interrogations and tortures are aimed to prove it to betraying his homeland during the Stalingrad battle.

In the Stalingrad battle, the Tank Corps of General Novikova is characterized.

In the days of the Stalingrad offensive, the strut was sharpened. A crushing article appears in the institute newspaper, he will persuade him to write a penalized letter, to speak with the recognition of his mistakes on the scientist of the Council. STRUM collects his whole will and refuses to repent, does not even come to a meeting of the scientific council. The family supports him and, waiting for arrest, is ready to divide his fate. On this day, as always in the difficult moments of his life, the Strum is calling Marya Ivanovna and says that he is proud of them and whips about him. Stools are not arrested, but only dismissed from work. He finds himself in isolation, friends cease to see him.

But in an instant the situation changes. Theoretical works on nuclear physics attract Stalin's attention. He calls the STRUM and is interested, whether the outstanding scientist is experiencing in anything. Strum Immediately restore at the Institute, create all the conditions for work. Now he himself determines the composition of his laboratory, without regard to the nationality of employees. But when the Strum begins to seem to appear that he left the black strip of his life, he again turns out to be selected. From him, they require signing an appeal to English scientists who defended the repressed Soviet colleagues. Leading Soviet scientists, to which the STRUM is now ranked, must confirm the force of their scientific authority that there are no repression in the USSR. STRUM does not find the strength to refuse and sign the appeal. The most terrible punishment becomes the call of Marya Ivanovna for him: she's sure that the STRUM did not sign the letter, and admires his courage ...

Zhenya Shaposhnikov arrives in Moscow, who learned about the arrest of Crimea. She puts in all queues, in which his wife stands are repressed, and a sense of debt towards a former husband is fighting in her soul with love for Novikov. Novikov learns about her decision to return to Crimea during the Battle of Stalingrad. It seems to him that he will fall dead. But you have to live and continue the offensive.

After Torture, Crimea lies on the floor in a Lubyansky office and hears the conversation of his executioners about the victory near Stalingrad. It seems to him that he sees Grekov, going to meet him on the Bit Stalingrad brick. Interrogation continues, Crimea refuses to sign the charge. Returning to the camera, he finds the transfer from Zhenya and crying.

Standard Stalingrad Winter. In the spring silence of the forest, the cry of the dead and fierce joy of life heard.

Communist Mikhail Mostovsky captured under Stalingrad. It turns out to be in a concentration camp for prisoners of war in West Germany. There, he has different relationships with other prisoners - friendship is tied with someone, in someone, he finds an opponent for disputes and reflections, in someone - like-minded enemy, and in someone - is an irreconcilable enemy.
In the army of Chuikov, fighting near Stalingrad, there was a conflict between the Rifle Regiment Commissioner and the commander. Disassemble this case sent the politatar of Crimea. However, upon arrival, Crimea learns that the Commissioner and the commander died in bombing. At night, the fight is tied, and Crimea is forced to participate in it.

The Moscow Institute in which Viktor Pavlovich Stcum works, a physicist, evacuated to Kazan. Together with scientists in evacuation there is his family. Viktor Pavlovich's wife - Lyudmila - a woman with a difficult character. The mother-in-law - Alexander Vladimirovna - despite the age and war of war, preserved the dustiness of the soul, and vitality and energy. Even in evacuation, it continues to be interested and delight everything around - the city in which he has to live, his story, life and the relationship of people. But her daughter Lyudmila does not share the mood of the mother. She believes that in such a difficult time you need to give all the strength to help the family to survive, and not wasting time. Lyudmila thinks that "the mother in old age has survived from the mind." Viktor Pavlovich's daughter Nadia, who inherited the nature and temper of the mother, is irreconcilable and categorical. Lyudmila is worried not only for the daughter-high school student, but also for his son from the first marriage, which is located on the front, and the Westa from which she does not have.

Viktor Pavlovich himself is experiencing for his mother Anna Semenovna, who, because of the steep gear, Lyudmila did not get along with them in Moscow and lives in a small Ukrainian town. Now the town is occupied by the Germans, and the shrum understands which tragic fate awaits his Jewish mother.
Sister Lyudmila Stepher - Zhenya Shaposhnikova got into the evacuation in Kuibyshev - Zhenya Shaposhnikova. Her son Serge is somewhere on the front. With a former husband, Crimea, Lyudmila broke up because of the difference of beliefs. Crimea is an ardent supporter of Stalin's methods - considers it appropriate for hunger and sea in the villages in connection with the arrest and mass arrests of objectionable, and Zhenya categorically did not accept his views.
Once the STCer receives a mother's letter who writes how she lived in an occupied city in which she lived and worked as a doctor for many years. Anna Semenovna told, what changes in the soul of acquaintances of people and adversity were made in the soul. Some people were very disappointed - a neighbor without explaining the reasons to put her on the street, old friends stopped communicating and greeting. Someone was pleasantly surprised - she received unexpected assistance from a person who considered unpleasant and sullen. He brought her food to the ghetto, where she was. Knowing that he will soon die, he gave it the last letter for his son.

Lyudmila is forced to urgently go to Saratov. From there she received news that her seriously wounded son of Tolya is in the hospital. But having arrived, she learned that Tole died. Mother's mountain, who lost his son, immensely.
General of Novikov, the commander of the tank corps - a fair, honest and humane man. He does everything in his power to reduce the meaningless death of his soldiers. However, even such a person has ill-wishers. This is the Commissioner of the Tank Corps of Hetmans. Previously, the hetman was the secretary of the regional committee in one of the regions of Ukraine. Such work is conjugate with informance, hypocrisy, fear. Therefore, at the same time, it is openly admired by the Novikov and writing the denunciation for Hetmanov is not considered to be acknowledged.
Novikov arrives in Kuibyshev to visit Zhenya Shaposhnikov, which he loves. Zhenya is also not indifferent to him, but explains him that if her former husband of Crimea will be arrested, the conscience will not allow her to leave him in trouble.

Non-easy fate has developed at the Military Surgeon Sophia Osipovna Levinton. She was arrested under Stalingrad, and was directed to the concentration camp. Her and other prisoners are carrying in commodity cars in an unknown direction. In the way, she watches people around him and sees how fast fear, hunger and despair breaks people, sometimes turning them into beasts. At the same time, someone does not lose courage, humanity and self-control. Sophia Osipovna itself became the only close man for the lost boy of David, surrounds His maternal care and love. Even in the gas chamber, they were for each other the only consolation.
In besieged Stalingrad, in the "six fraction one" house holds the defense of the squad of fighters under the command of Grekov. In the political plan of the front, the signal comes that this Greek does not fulfill the command orders, refuses to write reports and "leads anti-Soviet conversations" with fighters. To bring order in the division, Polystrol Crimea was sent there. His task is to collect a compromising on Greek, to catch it in the anti-Soviet propaganda and remove the detachment from the command. Crimea with enthusiasm is taken for this business. Neither the dedicator of the house and his commander, nor the fact that the Greek on the eve of the arrival of Crimean was saved by Serezha Shaposhnikov, does not stop the political worker. But one day the incident occurs at night. Crimea is wound and concludes that it was a revenge of Grekova. Returning to the political notion, Crimea writes a denunciation on Greek. But it happened that by this time the whole squad that defended the house was killed in battle. For the courage, manifested during the defense of the city, the Greeks had to be the hero of the Soviet Union, but because of the Donos Crimea, the title was not assigned.

Meanwhile, in the German concentration camp for prisoners of war, an underground organization was created. It also includes Mostovskaya. However, there was a split in it: some of his members, such as the Brigadd Commissioner of Osipov, do not trust the non-partisan Major Eroshu, a person to a straight, bold, volitional, decent, but having a spot on biographies - he from the family of smoked. Osipov does not like that Ershov has too large authority among prisoners. With the support of Cotikova, abandoned from the Soviet rear, it was decided to get rid of Yershov. Ershov is sympathetic to Mostovsky, he shares his views and beliefs. But still could not resist the majority when the provocation was held against Yershov - his card was added to the pack of documents of those prisoners who were outlined to be sent to Buchenwald. But in the group, a provocator was switched out, who betrayed the organization of underground workers, and they were all destroyed by a German punishment squad.

Meanwhile, STRKUM, together with the institute, returns to Moscow, where his scientific work on nuclear physics was presented on the academic council. The work caused universal interest. For the contribution to Soviet science, Viktor Pavlovich was presented to the Stalin Prize. At the same time, those times came when the Jews began in the country. Did not escape the cleaning and the institute where the shutter works. He is also trying to protect the persecuted, but it turns out that, despite his current fame, he can also comprehend the same fate.
For many years in the house of the shrumov was a girlfriend Lyudmila - Marya Ivanovna Sokolova. Her husband is a friend and an employee of the STRUM. Over time, gentle friendship arises between Viktor Pavlovich and Maria Ivanovna, grew in love. But she could not hide his feeling from her husband, who forbids her to see with a shuttle.

At the same time, the persecution was touched by Viktor Pavlovich. The institute newspaper published an article in which the flow of charges and reproaches pour on the shrum. It requires public repentance on the scientist of the Council and recognizing their mistakes, but Viktor Pavlovich himself categorically refuses, without recognizing no guilt behind him. He perfectly understands what he can cost it - he is awaiting arrest. The family supports it in this difficult period in life and is ready to accept the same fate. He also receives the words of encouragement and support from Maryia Ivanovna. However, the arrest did not follow, but the shrum was dismissed from work. All friends and acquaintances are repeated from him.
But once the scientific work of the Strum hits the table to Stalin, and he is interested in it. According to his instructions, STRUM was restored at the institute, it creates all the conditions for fruitful work, allow the staff itself to form its laboratory. He became one of the leading scientists of the country.
However, soon life again puts it before choosing. British scientists opposed repression against Soviet colleagues. And Viktor Pavlovich forced to sign a letter in which he, together with other Soviet scientists, must confirm that there are no persecution and repression in the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that he himself was once subjected to escalate, the STCUM could not refuse and put the signature. Marya Ivanovna, who has not doubting that the STRUM did not pose a letter, called him and expressed admiration for his persistence and courage. Unjustified idealization in the eyes of his beloved woman became pain and punishment of Viktor Pavlovich.
Crimea is arrested and accused of treasoning his homeland. He falls into Lubyansky's dungeons. There, under torture, you require confessional statements. However, the Crimea himself is simply morally destroyed by this surprise: he did not assume that with him, an honest principled communist, can occur.
Zhenya Shaposhnikova lets about Arrest Crimea and comes to Moscow. The faithful sense of debt, responsible and sympathizing, along with other wives and relatives of the arrested, it stands in the queues to a love prison, so that Crimea will be transferred. Her feelings in confusion: she sincerely loves Novikov, but on the other hand she must support the former husband in his trouble.

News that Zhenya returned to her husband, causing Novikov during the Battle of Stalingrad, in which his hull heroic showed himself. This news handled Novikov, but he took himself in hand to continue the battle.
The news of the victory under the Krymov Stalingrad receives, lying almost unconscious on the floor of the Lyubova district during the interrogation - his tormentors discussed it among themselves. Crimea does not give up and refuses to sign the indictments. He is returned to the camera, where he is waiting for his transfer from Zhenya. Crimea is surprised that, despite their personal reasons, Zhenya did not leave him and supports him. He reflects about his life and a lot of rethinking in it, understanding how many mistakes in life did.
So the winter of 1943 ended - a turning point, tragic and decisive milestone in the Great Patriotic War.

The brief content of the novel "Life and Fate" retold Osipova A. S.

We draw your attention that this is only a brief content of the literary work "Life and Fate". In this summary content, many important points and quotes are missed.

Discussion of mosmilm weapons :)))

V. Grossman

Life and fate
http://briefly.ru/grossman/zhizn_i_sudba/
Summary of the novel
Reading time: 10-15 min.
The old communist Mikhail Mostovskaya, captured on the outskirts of Stalingrad, brought to the concentration camp in West Germany. He falls asleep under the prayer of the Italian priest Garde, argues with the Tolstroyman iconnikov, sees the hatred of himself Menshevik Chernetskov and the strong will of the "Reluor Dum" Major Ershov.

Moscow Scientist-Physicist Victor Pavlovich Strut with family is in evacuation in Kazan. The mother-in-law of Alexander Vladimirovna Strum and in Mount of War preserved mental youth: she is interested in the history of Kazan, streets and museums, the daily life of people. Wife Strum Lyudmila considers this interest to his mother with senile egoism. Lyudmila does not have news from the front from Toli, son from the first marriage. Its sadness is a categorical, lonely and heavy character of the nadudine daughter Nadi. Sister Lyudmila Zhenya Shaposhnikov was in Kuibyshev. The nephew of sellers of shaposhnikov - at the front. The mother of Strum Anna Semenovna remained in a busy Ukrainian town busy, and Strod understands that she, a Jew, is not enough chance to stay alive. He's hard mood, he blames his wife that, because of her severe nature, Anna Semenovna could not live with them in Moscow. The only person softening the heavy atmosphere in the family is a girlfriend Lyudmila, shy, kind and sensitive Marya Ivanovna Sokolova, a wife of colleagues and a friend of STRUM.

In the Stalingrad battle, the Tank Corps of General Novikova is characterized.

Standard Stalingrad Winter. In the spring silence of the forest, the cry of the dead and fierce joy of life heard. T. A. Sotnikova

As all Soviet spells and formulas, moved above, drastically disappeared! [cm. The article Grossman "For the Right Business" - Analysis of A. Solzhenitsyn] - and no one says that this is from the author's insight in 50 years? And what Grossman really did not know and did not feel until 1953 - 1956, he managed to put on the 2nd Tom in recent years and now, with passion, it all loomed to the romance fabric.

Vasily Grossman in Schwerine (Germany), 1945

Now we learn that not only in Hitler's Germany, but also with us: mutual suspicion of people to each other; It is worth talking to the glass of tea - now and suspicion. Yes, it turns out: Soviet people live in terrifying housing flap (the driver opens this to a safe shuttle), and in the prescription department of militia - neglets and tyranny. And what kind of disrespectfulness of the shrines: "In the felling combat leaf" a fighter can easily wrap a piece of sausages. But the conscientious director of Stalgresa stood in the death of the entire siege of Stalingrad, he left for the Volga on the day of the successful breakthrough - and all the merits of him under the tail, and broke his career. (And first, the crystal positive secretary of the regional committee Priesakh is now stepping from the victim.) It turns out: and Soviet generals may be at all and are not brilliant with achievements, even in Stalingrad (III, Ch. 7), - And I would write such Stalin! Yes, even dares the case commander to talk with his commissioner about the landings 1937! (I - 51). In general, now he dresses the author to raise his eyes to an untouchable nomenclature - and it can be seen, I thought a lot about her and the shower strongly boiled. With a large irony, it shows the washer of one of the Ukrainian committees of the party evacuated in Ufa (I - 52, however, as it were, as it were, the cakes them for low rustic origin and caring love for their own children). But what are the wives of responsible workers: in the comforts evacuated by the Volga steamer, they are indignantly protesting against landing on the deck of that steamhouse also and the Military Council, traveling to battle. And young officers at home are heard of the frank memories of residents "on solid collectivization". And in the village: "How much do you work, still the bread will take off." And evacuated, with hunger, the collective farm steal. Yes, so before the stool itself got a "questionnaire questionnaire" - and how rightly he reflects on it about her stickiness and cogging. But the commissar of the hospital "Joumat" that he "did not fought enough with the unbelief in the victory among the part of the wounded, with enemy rods among the backward part of the wounded, hostile to the collective farm building," Oh, where was it before? Oh, how much truth is standing behind it! And the funeral itself is hospital - cruelly indifferent. But if the coffins buried the elder - then what did he come from? - Not mentioned.

Grossman himself - does he remember what he was in the 1st volume? Now? "Now he takes to reproach Twardovsky:" How to explain that the poet, a peasant from birth, writes with a sincere feeling of the poem, who infects the bloody course of the suffering of the peasantry "?

And the Russian theme itself is relatively with the 1st volume - in the 2nd it is even pushed. At the end of the book, it was consistently noted that "seasonal girls, workers in heavy shops" - both in dust, and in the mud "retain a strong stubborn beauty, with whom heavily life can not do anything." Also to the final refund from the front of Major Berezkin - well, and the Russian deployed landscape. Here, perhaps, all; The rest is a different sign. Envicient STRUM in the institute, hugging another of the same: "But the most important thing is that we are Russian people." The only very faithful replica on the governments of the Russians in its own country, that "in the name of the friendship of peoples, we always sacrifice Russian people," Grossman inserts a dear and rude party Bonsman to Hetmann - from the new (honored interne-free) generation of party nominations, who "loved their Russian Nutro and in Russian said wrong ", the strength of their" in tricks ". (As if at the international generation of host communists was less than oh!)

From some (late) moment Grossman - yes not one! - led the moral identity of the German national socialism and Soviet communism for himself. And honestly seeks to give a newfound conclusion as one of the highest in his book. But it is forced to disguise (however, for Soviet publicity, there is still extreme courage): to state this identity in the Lissurbannfürer of Lisa invented by the night conversation with the Arrestom Kominternsov Mostovsky: "We look into the mirror. Do not you recognize yourself, your will in us? " Here, you will "win, stay without you, one against someone else's peace", "Our victory is your victory." And forces Mostovsky to horrity: really in this "full snake poison" speech - is some truth? But no, of course (for the safety of the author himself?): "Owning lasted a few seconds," "thought turned into dust."

And at some point, Grossman and from himself directly calls the Berlin uprising 1953 and the Hungarian 1956, but not by themselves, but in a number with Warsaw ghetto and totto and only as a material for the theoretical conclusion about the desire of a person to freedom. And then this desire everything breaks through: here is the STRUM in 1942, though in a private conversation with a trusted academician Chepozhin, "but straightforwards Stalin (III - 25):" Here is the owner, everything was attached to his friendship with the Germans. " Yes Stector, it turns out, we could not assume that already for years with indignation follows the excessive Slavs to Stalin. So he understood everything for a long time? We were not previously reported. So politically blurred Darensky, publicly standing on the prisoner German, shouts to the Colonel in the soldiers: "Merzavets" (very implausible). Four little conscious intellectuals in the rear, in Kazan, in 1942 they are very discussing the reprisals of 1937, calling the famous swung names (I - 64). And more than once is generalized - about the whole of the rarely atmosphere 1937 (III - 5, II - 26). And even grandmother Shaposhnikov, politically completely neutral all the 1st volume, occupied only by work and family, now recalls the "tradition of the pesting family", and 1937, and collectivization, and even hunger 1921. Those the deceased and granddaughter, still a schoolgirl, Leads political conversations with his Lieutenant's worm and even kills the Magadan Songs song. Now we will meet and mention about hunger 1932 - 33.

But already - walking to the latter: in the midst of the Stalingrad battle, the unwinding of the political "case" on one of the highest heroes - Grekova (this is the Soviet reality, yes!) And even to the general conclusion of the author about the Stalingrad celebration as after it " The silent dispute between the victorious people and the victorious state continued "(III - 17). This is true, and in 1960 not everyone. It is a pity that it has been made without any connection with the general text, some kind of fluid deployment, and - alas, not developed in the book more in any way. And even at the very end of the book, excellent: "Stalin said:" Brothers and sisters ... "And when the Germans broke up - the Cottage Director, without a report not to enter, and brothers and sisters in the dugouts" (III - 60).

But in the 2nd Tome sometimes meet from the author, the "World Reaction" (II - 32), then quite cassenny: "The spirit of Soviet troops was extremely high" (III - 8); And read the rather solemn praise to Stalin that he was on July 3, 1941 "first understood the secret of the reincarnation of war" in our victory (III - 56). And in the elevated tone of admiration thinks Stalin (III - 42) after the Stalinist phone call, "such lines also do not write without copyrighted sympathy. And undoubtedly with the same complicity, the author shares the romantic admissance of Crimean with a ridiculous solemn meeting on November 6, 1942 in Stalingrad - "There was something reminding the revolutionary holidays of the old Russia." And the excited memories of Crimean about the death of Lenin also identify the author's complicity (II - 39). Grossman himself undoubtedly preserves faith in Lenin. And his direct sympathies for Bukharin is not trying to hide.

Such is the limit that Grossman can move.

And it was all written - in settlement (naive) to publish in the USSR. (It is not inclined and unconvincing: "The Great Stalin! Perhaps a man of iron will is the most insoletry from all. Slave of time and circumstances.") So if the "packers" are from the district briefset, and something right in the forehead of the communist power ? - Yes, God forbid. About General Vlasov - One contempt mention of the Novikov commander (but it is clear that it is - and the author, for who in the Moscow intelligentsia understood something about the Vlasov movement even by 1960?). And then it is still untouchage - once the most timeless guess: "For that Lenin was smart, and he did not understand," but it was said again by this desperate and doomed Greek (I - 61). Yes, even looming to the end of volume, as a monument, an unstable Menshevian (wreath of the author of his father's memory?) Drings, Eternal ZEK.

Yes, after 1955 - 56, he was already a lot of heard about the camps, it was the time of "returns" from Gulag, - and now the author of the epic, already although b from good faith, if not considerations of the composition, is trying to accurately cover and sinking peace. Now - the eyes of the passengers of a free train opens and Echelon with prisoners (II - 25) opens. Now - the author is drunk and step into the zone, describe it from the inside of the signs from the stories of the returned. In order to emerge a deaf breathing in the 1st Tome of Abarchuk, the first husband Lyudmila STRUM, however, Communcher-Orthodox, and the company to him is still a conscious communist inexorabies, and Abram Rubin, from the Institute of Red Professors (on a preferential appearance of a paramedic post : "I am a lower caste, untouchable"), and a former Chekist Magazine, allegedly touched by late repentance about one ruined smoked, and other intellectuals - such and then returned to Moscow circles. The author tries to really portray the camp morning (I - 39, there are details faithful, there are incorrect). In several chapters, it conclusively illustrates the arrogance of the thoughts (only why the power of criminal over political Grossman calls "the innovation of National Socialism"? "There is no, from the Bolsheviks, since 1918, do not select!), And the Democratian scientist is implausably refuses to get up at Vertuhai around. These several contracts of the camp heads pass as in the gray fog: as if it seems, but is delrano. But for such an attempt, I will not reproach the author: after all, he, with no less courage, is taken to describe and the camp of the prisoners of war in Germany - and according to the requirements of the epic and for a more persistent goal: to compare the Nazism finally. It is true to another generalization: that the Soviet camp and Soviet will answer the "laws of symmetry". (Apparently, Grossman, as it were, in understanding the future of his book: He wrote it for Soviet publicity! "And at the same time I wanted to be to the end of the truthful.) Together with his character, Crimean enters Grossman and in Lubyanka, also collected by stories. . (Naturally here are some mistakes in the realities and in the atmosphere: then the trendy sits right across the table from the investigator and its papers; then, exhausted by insomnia, does not regret the night to an exciting conversation with the ceamar, and the warders, strange, do not interfere with it. ) Writes several times (erroneously for 1942): "MGB" instead of "NKVD"; And only 10 thousand victims is attributed to the terrifying 501th construction site ...

Probably, several chapters about the German concentration camp should be perceived with the same amendments. That there was a communist underground - yes, this is confirmed by witnesses. Impossible in Soviet camps, such an organization was sometimes created and kept in German thanks to the general national spike against German guards, and the myopia of the last. However, Grossman exaggerates that the scope of the underground was through all the camps, almost to the whole Germany, which was carried from the plant in the living area, the details of the garnet and automata (this could still be), and "in blocks led the assembly" (this is already a fantasy). But what is undoubtedly: Yes, other Communists rubbed into confidence in German security, they organized their own in the assholes, "and could be dismissal, that is, anti-communists, send to the massacre or penalty camps (like Grossman and send to Buchend of the People's League Ershov).

Now - much more freer Grossman and in the military topic; Now read it and it was impossible to think in the 1st volume. As the commander of the Novikov Tank Corps Self (and risking with the whole career and orders) for 8 minutes it delays the attack appointed by the front commander - so that it would be better to suppress the enemy's fire facilities and there would be no big losses from ours. (And characterized: Novikova-brother introduced in the 1st volume solely to illustrate selfless socialist labor, now the author completely forgets, he has failed, in a serious book it is no longer needed.) Now to the previous legendar of Comandarm Chuikov - Yaraya envy is added. Its to other generals and dead drunkenness, before the failure of wormwood. And the commander of the company all vodka received on fighters, spends on their own names. And their own aviation bombers his. And send the infantry on unfigured machine guns. And no longer read those papusal phrases about the great folk unity. (No, something left.)

But the reality of the Stalingrad fighting is susceptible, observant Grossman even grasped enough from the correspondent position. Fights in the "House of Greek" are very honest, with all the combat reality, as well as the Greeks himself. The author clearly sees and knows the Stalingrad combat circumstances, faces, and the atmosphere of all headquarters is the more reliably. Finishing the overview of Military Stalingrad, Grossman writes: "His soul was freedom." Will the author really think so or inspires how to think? No, the soul of Stalingrad was: "For native land!"

As we can see from the novel, as we know from witnesses, and on other publications of the author - Grossman was sharper than the Jewish problem, the situation of the Jews in the USSR, and even more so there was burning pain, grumpy and horror from the destruction of Jews in the German side Front. But in the 1st volume, he chainlel before the Soviet censorship and internally did not yet dye away from Soviet thinking - and we saw, to what kind of fitted degree were suppressed in the 1st Tome of the Jewish topic, and in any case, no stroke -Lo Jewish constraint or displeasure in the USSR.

The transition to freedom of expression was gossman, as we saw, it is not easy, irrelevant, without equilibiously throughout the volume of the book. This is the Jewish problem. Here the Jews-employees of the Institute prevent back with others from evacuation to Moscow - the reaction of the shrum is quite in the Soviet tradition: "Thank God, we live in tsarist Russia." And here - not the naivety Strum, the author consistently conducts that before the war, neither the spirit nor the hearing of any unfriendly or special attitude towards Jews in the USSR was not. Strod himself "never thought" about his Jewishness, "Never before the war was not thinking about the fact that he was a Jew," never a mother told him about it - neither in childhood, nor in years of studenthood "; About this "It was forced to think fascism." And where is the "evil anti-Semitism", which was so vigorously suppressed in the USSR for the first 15 Soviet years? And the mother of Strum: "Forgotten during the years of Soviet power, that I am a Jewish," I never felt a Jewish. " Previable is lost from persistent repetition. And where did you come from? Germans came - a neighbor in the courtyard: "Thank God, Judam End"; And at the meeting of the citizens with the Germans "how many slanders to the Jews were" - where did it all if it broke through everything? And how was it kept in the country where everyone forgot about Jewry?

If in the 1st volume were almost not called Jewish surnames - in the 2nd we meet them more often. Here is a pile hairdresser rubber playing a violin in Stalingrad, in the Roditsevsky headquarters. There is also a combat captain Movshovich, the commander of the sapper battalion. VOILORACH DOCTOR MAZEL, TREAT CLASS Surgeon, selfless to such an extent that leads a difficult operation at the beginning of his own attack of angina. Unnamed by the name of a quiet child, the sorry son of the Jew-manufacturer, who died once in the past. Already remembered above several Jews in today's Soviet camp. (Abarchuk - a former big boss on holodomorny Kuzbass construction, but his communist past was filed softly, and today's enviable position of the instrumental storekeeper is not explained.) And if the semi-European origin of two grandchildren was vaguely in the family of Shaposhnikov in the 1st volume. - Seryozhi and Toli, then about the third granddaughter, in the 2nd volume - and without communication with action, and without necessity, it is emphasized: "Well, no drop of our Slavic blood in it in it. Top Jewish Maiden. " - To strengthen your goggle that the national sign has no real influence, Grossman doesn't puzzle repelly opposes one Jew to another by their positions. "Mr. Shapiro - a representative of the agency" United Press "- asked for conferences a tricky questions to the head of Sovinformbüro Solomon Abramovich Lozovsky." Between Abarchuchuk and rubbing - an intentionable irritation. The arrogant, cruel and mercenary commissioner of the airlock Berman does not protect, but even publicly branding is unfairly offended by the brave pilot of the king. And when the Strum starts to ride at His Institute - the Castle and Tolstozady Gurevich betray him, at the meeting hesitate his scientific progress and hints at the "National intolerance" of STRUM. This calculated adoption of the characters is already taking the character of racing by the author of his patient. Stranger young people saw Strum at the train station waiting for trains to Moscow - immediately: "Abram from evacuation returns", "in a hurry to Abram get a medal for the defense of Moscow."

Treaty Iconnikov The author attaches such a move of feelings. "The persecution that the Bolsheviks spent after the revolution against the church were useful for the Christian idea" - and the number of then victims did not undermine his religious faith; He preached the gospel and during universal collectivization, watching massive sacrifices, but also "collectivization went in the name of good." But when he saw the "execution of twenty thousand Jews ... - On this day [he] realized that God could not allow this, and ... it became obvious that he was not."

Now, finally, Grossman can afford to open the content of the death letter of the Mother Strum, which is transmitted to his son in the 1st volume, but only vaguely mentioned that it brought bitterness: in 1952 the author did not decide to give it to the publication. Now it takes the greatest chapter (I - 18) and with a deep mental feeling transmits a memorandum in the Ukrainian city captured by the Germans, disappointment in neighbors, next to those who lived for years; household details of the seizure of local Jews in the injection of artificial temporary ghetto; Life there, a variety of types and psychology of captured Jews; And self-preparation to an inexorable death. The letter is written with miser drama, without tragic exclamations - and very expressive. Here are the Jews on the pavement, and there is a stubble crowd on the sidewalks; Those are dressed in summer, and the Jews who took things to the reserve, "in the coat, in the caps, women in warm scarves," "it seemed to me that for the Jews walking down the street, and the sun refused to shine, they go among December night disguments.

Grossman is taken to describe and destroy the mechanized, central, and tracing him from the plan; The author is intensely restrained, neither crotch, nor a jerk: Obersturmbannführer Lissa Delvito inspects the plant under construction, and it goes in technical terms, we are not prefeeding that the plant is appointed for the mass destruction of people. The author's voice breaks out only on the "surprise" Eichman and Lissa: they are offered in the future gas chamber (this is inserted artificially, in the stretch) - a table with wine and snacks, and the author comments on the "cute fiction." On the question of which the number of Jews are speaking, the figure is not named, the author is tactfully evaded, and only "Lissa, amazed, asked: - Millions?" - sense of artist's measure.

Together with Dr. Sofia Levinton, captured in German captured in the 1st volume, the author now pulls the reader into a thick stream of doomed to destroy the Jews. At first, this is a reflection in the brain of the distraught accountant Rosenberg mass burners of Jewish corpses. And another madness - a launched girl who had selected from the general grave. When describing the depth of suffering and incoherent hopes, and the naive recent domestic worries of doomed people - Grossman tries to be held within the limits of impassive naturalism. All these descriptions require the non-lawyage of the author's imagination - to imagine what no one has seen and did not experience from living, not from whom to collect reliable readings, but you need to imagine these details - a raced children's cube or a pupa butterfly in a match box. The author in a number of chapters tries to be as actually as possible, or even everyday life, avoiding the explosion of feelings and in itself, and in characters tightened by the forced mechanical movement. He represents us a combine of destruction - generalized, without calling him the name "Auschwitz". A splash of emotions allows himself only when responded to music, accompanying the column of doomed and amazing shocks from her in souls. It is very strong. And immediately close - about black and red rotten cuminated water, which removes destroyed in the world ocean. And here is the latest feelings of people (the old girl Levinton flashes the maternal feeling for someone else's baby, and to be with him next to him, she refuses to go to a saving challenge "Who is a surgeon here?"), Even and - spiritual lifting death. And further, then the author is gaining in every detail: a fraudulent "pre-banker", women haircuts for collecting their hair, whose witty on the verge of death, "The muscular strength of a smoothly bent concrete, which has drawn into the human stream", "Some semi-alone sliding ", All the dense, all compress in the chamber," all shorter of people's heads "," hypnotic concrete rhythm ", twisting the crowd - and gas death, a dormant eye and consciousness. (And on that - to break down. But the author, an atheist, gives the rewarding that death is "transition from the world of freedom to the kingdom of slavery" and "The Universe, which existed in man ceased to be", is perceived as an offensive breaking from mental height. reached by previous pages.)

Compared with this mighty self-skeletal scene of mass destruction - the individual chapter (II - 32) of the abstract reasoning about anti-Semitism is weakly in the novel: about its heterogeneous, about its content and the reduction of all the reasons for it - to the pruderiness of the enviousness. The argument is driving, not worked on the story and far from the exhaustion of the topic. Along with a number of faithful comments - the fabric of this chapter is very unequal.

And the plot Jewish problem in the novel is more built around the Strum Physics. In the 1st volume, the author did not give himself the courage to deploy an image, now he is solved on it - and the main line is closely intertwined with the Jewish background of the STRUM. Now, late, we learn about the one-sick "eternal complex of inferiority", which he is experiencing in the Soviet situation: "You enter the meeting room - the first row is free, but I do not decide to sit down, I go to Kamchatka." Here - and shakes the death letter for him.

About the very essence of the scientific opening of the STRUMA, according to the laws of the artistic text, of course, does not tell us, and should not. And the poetic chapter (I - 17) on physics is generally good. The moment of the grain of the new theory is very believable, the moment when the shrum was occupied by very other conversations and worries. This thought "It seemed that he did not give rise to, it rose simply, easy, like a white water flower from the calm darkness of the lake." In deliberate inaccurate expressions, the opening of the STRUM is raised as an epochal (this is well exposed: "collapsed, mass, time, doubles space, not having existence, and one magnetical meaning"), "The classical theory itself has become only a private case in the developed Strum Wide Decision ", Institution Employees directly put STRUM Following Bor and Plank. From Chepozhin, more practical, we learn that the theory of Strum is useful in the development of nuclear processes.

To vital to the greatness of discovery, Grossman, with the faithful artistic tact, begins to dig in the personal flaws of the STRUM, some of the colleagues physicists considers it unkind, mocking, arrogant. Grossman reduces it and externally: "scratched and protruded the lip", "schizophrenically crumbling", "screaming gait," "Svarukha", loves to tease homemade, close, rude and unfair to steps; And once, "in rabies, she broke on his shirt and, having confused in the pants, rushed to his wife on one leg, raising his fist, ready to hit." But he has "hard, brave straight" and "inspiration." Sometimes the author notes the proudness of the STRUM, often - his irritability, and rather small, so on his wife. "The painful irritation embraced a shrum", "a volatile, from the depths of the soul going irritation." (Through Strum, the author is discharged from those stresses that he himself experienced in constraints of many years.) "STRUMA Agenished conversations on everyday themes, and at night, when he could not fall asleep, thought about attaching to the Moscow distributor." Going out of the evacuation to his spacious, well-maintained Moscow apartment, with negligence notes that the driver, who concluded their baggage, "apparently seriously held a housing issue." And having received the desired privileged "food package", tormented that the employee of a smaller caliber was given not less: "It is amazingly able to insult people."

What are his political views? (A cousin was serving a camp and sent it in the link.) "Before the war, Stector did not have particularly sharp doubts about the war" (according to the 1st one, I remember that - and during the war they did not arise). For example, he then believed wild accusations against the famous Professor of Plentnev - Oh, from "Prayer Relationship to the Russian Print Word," this is about "truth" ... and even in 1937. .. (elsewhere: "I remembered 1937 When almost daily named after the names of the arrested at night were called ..-. ") In one place, we read that the shredder even" ohl about the sufferings of the delegated during the collectivization period ", which is not completely unpredictable. That's what the Dostoevsky "Mostly" writer's diary "did not need to write" - in this, his opinion is believed. By the end of the evacuation, in the circle of institute employees, Strum suddenly breaks out that in science it is not authorities - "Head of the Department of Science of the Central Committee" Zhdanov "And even ...". Then "I was waiting that he would utter the name of Stalin," but he is prudent only "waved his hand." Yes, however, already home: "All my conversations ... dulle in your pocket."

Not all this in Grossman is linked (maybe he did not have time to finalize the book to the last stroke) - and more importantly, he is leading his hero to a gravit and decisive test. And here it was approached - in 1943, instead of the expected 1948 - 49, an anachronism, but this is permitted for the author, for he camouflagely transfers here the same serious test of 1953. Of course, in 1943, the physical discovery, which alone nuclear use, could only expect honors and success, and not a persecution that arose in colleagues without the order from above, and even found in the opening of the "spirit of Judaism", - but it is necessary to refer to the author: reproduce the situation 40s. (In a series of unthinkable in chronology, Grossman's runs already calls and shooting the anti-fascist Jewish Committee, and "Doctors Case", 1952.)

And - fell. "The chill of fear touched the Strum, the fact that he always secretly lived in the heart, fear of the wrath of state." Immediately strikes and on its secondary Jewish employees. At first, I still do not appreciate the depth of danger, the STRUM is taken to express the director of the institute of audacity - although in front of another academician, Shishakov, "Pyramidal Buffalo", Robet, "as a place of the Jew in front of the cavalry colonel." The blow accounted for the higher, which comprehends instead of the expected Stalinist premium. STRUM It turns out to be very responsive to the broken race and, not least, for all household consequences it is the deprivation of cottages, a closed distributor and possible apartments. Even even earlier, the colleagues tell him, the stool on the inertia of the Soviet citizen himself guesses: "Write a repentant letter, because everyone writes in such situations." Further his feelings and acts alternate with great psychological loyalty, and are described. He tries to dispel in a conversation with Chepzhin (the old woman-serving Chepjezin designed to the shredder in the shoulder: rushing on the execution?). And Cheepyzhin, instead of cakes, immediately starts up in the presentation of confused, atheistic delusional, mixed scientific and social hypothesis: how humanity will surpass God with free evolution. (Cheepyzhin was artificially invented and shoved in the 1st volume, the same ones and in this invented stage.) But regardless of the void of the hypothesis of the hypothesis - psychologically very true the behavior of the STRUM, who came out for spiritual reinforcement. He will decide this tyagomotin, sadly thinks about himself: "I'm not to philosophy, because I can plant me," still continues to think: so to go if he repel or not? And the conclusion is loud: "The science should be engaged in our time, the people of the Great Soul, the prophets, saints", "where I take faith, strength, durability," he spent quickly, and in his voice he was heard by Jewish accent. " Sorry. It goes, and on the stairs "tears flowed on his cheeks." And soon go to the decisive scientific council. Reads and re-reads your possible repentant statement. He starts the party to chess - and immediately leaves her, very alone, and the neighboring replica. Here's already "thieves, looking around, with a miserable place of the towns, touched tie", in a hurry to have time to repent - and finds the strength to push this step, takes off the tie, and the jacket, "he will not go.

And then it oppresses fears - and ignorance, who spoke against him, and what they said, and what will they do now? Now, in an ossification, he does not go out of the house for several days, - he stopped calling on the phone, he was betrayed, and those on whose support he hoped, - and domestic constraints are already soupe: already "was afraid of the manager and the girls from the card bureau" , take a surplus of living space, a corresponding salary member, to sell things? And even, in the last despair, "he often thought about what would go to the draft board, refuses to armor's armor and ascend to the Red Army to the front" ... And then the sister's arrest, former husband of his wife, is not threatened by the fact that Struma arrest? As any prosperous person: she also did not shine him very much, he feels like the last edge of existence.

And then it is quite a Soviet turnover: the magic friendful call of Stalin to the shrum - and immediately everything fabulously changed, and the staff rushes to the shroud. So scientist - won and resist? The rare example of resistance in Soviet times?

It was not there, Grossman behaves unmistakably: And now the next, no less terrible temptation - from affectionate hugs. Although the STRUM is prohibitively and justifies himself that he is not the same as pardoned Lagniki, immediately all those who cried their former Supratov. But it is already afraid to quit the shadow of the groom sister, thickening about the arrested husband, and his wife is annoyed, but the favor of the bosses and "hitting some special lists" became very pleasant. "The most awesome was that" that from people, "even recently full of contempt and suspiciousness," he now "naturally perceived their friendships." Even with surprise he felt: "Administrators and party figures ... Suddenly, these people opened with a shuttle from another, human side." And with such a complacent state, this Novolaskaya bosses invites him to sign the vigorous owl patriotic letter in New York Times. And STRUM does not find strength and reference, how to refuse, - and signs firelessly. "Some kind of dark sicher feeling of humility", "powerlessness, magnification, obedient feeling of the launched and burning cattle, fear of new ruin of life."

Such a turn of the plot - Grossman execute himself for his submissive signature of January 1953 on the "case of doctors". (Even, for literality, that the "doctors' case remains," the long-destroyed professors of Plenev and Levina and Levina, anachronously lifters here.) It seems: now they will print the 2nd volume - and the repentance said publicly.

Yes, only instead - the gebys came and confiscated the manuscript ...

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