Waterville in the literature. Definition. Dictionary of literary terms What is waterville, which means and how to spell
Waterville (FR. VAUDEVILLE) - Comedy Piece with Songs-Covers and Dancing. The name comes from the French "Val de Vire" - Virgin Valley. Vir - River in Normandy. In the XVII century, the songs known as the "Chanson de Val de Vire" were distributed in France. They are attributed to the folk poets of the XV century - Olivier Washcha and Le-Gu.
But most likely it is simply a collective designation of a special genre of a simple simple joking song of a folk nature, easy on a melodic composition, mockery-satirical in content, and by origin to its associated villages of the Virgin Valley. This can explain the further transformation of the name itself - from "Val De Vire" in Voix De Ville ("Voice of the City").
In the second half of the XVII century, in France and small theatrical plays, introduced these songs in the course of the action and from them themselves called "Waterville". And in 1792, even the special "Théâtre de vaudeville" was founded in Paris - "Theater of the Waterl". Skreb and Labish are especially famous from French watermarists.
In Russia, the prototype of the Windows was a small comic opera of the late XVII century, held in the repertoire of the Russian theater and by the beginning of the XIX century. This can be attributed here - "Sbutenik" Princess, Nikolaev - "Guardian-professor" and "misfortune from the carriage", Levshina - "imaginary widows", Matinsky - "S.-Petersburg Gostiny", Krylov - "Coffee Nail" and others.
The Opera V. Ablessov was a special success - "Melnik-sorcerer, a deceiver and swat" (1779). "Siaia Pieces," says "Dramatic Dictionary" 1787, "there so much filed attention from the public, which is played many times ... not only from the national hesishand, but also foreigners curious pretty."
In Pushkin's "Column Nulin", the definition of waterville is associated with the concept of Aria, the operas:
"... Would you like to listen
Adorable waterville? "And graph
The next stage of the development of Waterville is the "little comedy with music", as the Bulgarian determines it. This idea received special distribution from about the 20s of the last century. Typical specimens of such waterville Bulgarian believes the "Cossack-poem" and "Lomonosov" Shakhovsky.
"Cossack-poems," F. Vigel writes in his "notes", is especially noteworthy in that the first staged to the scene under the real name of Waterville. From him, this endless chain of these light works was stretched. "
Among the noble-guards youth, the beginning of the XIX century was considered a sign of "good tone" to compose water wake for the benefit of a particular actor or actress. And for the beneficiaries, it was beneficial, for meant and some "propaganda" from the author for the upcoming benefit collection. Later, even Nekrasov "sinned" with several water wakes under the pseudonym N. Rememorsky ("Shila in a bag do not hurt, you can't hold the girl in a bag", "Fooclist Onufrievich Bob, or a husband is not in his plate", "That's what it means to fall in love with the actress", "Actor" and "Babushkina Parrots").
Usually water was translated from French. "Alteration on Russian morals" of French watervals was limited mainly by the replacement of French evidence by Russians. N. V. Gogol in 1835 he lists in his notebook: "But what happened now, when a real Russian, and a few more stern and distinguished by a kind of nationality, with his hard figure, began to fake under the putimetra scarcation, and our fat, But a sweeterous and smart merchant with a wide beard, who does not know anything on his leg, except for a heavy boot, would put on a narrow shoe and stockings à jour instead, a different, even better, would leave in the boot and began to be in the first pair to French cadrille . But almost the same our national watermen. "
Also, the sterns of Belinsky's sentence of Russians: "First, they are mainly the essence of the alteration of French water wakes, therefore, couples, sharpness, funny positions, tie and omission - everything is ready, you will only take advantage of. And what comes out? This ease, naturalness, the liveliness, who involuntarily fascinated and keshii our imagination in the French waterway, this sharpness, these cute stupidity, is a talent flutter, this mind is the game of these grimaces, in a word, all this disappears in the Russian copy, but one seriousness remains , awkwardness, unnaturalness, tension, two or three kalabours, two or three sequels, and nothing more. "
Wasteville's secular theaters usually strengthened along a very simple recipe. About him also told Griboedovsky reheetals ("Mount from the mind"):
"... LSTERTER, LOOK - WATER WILL BE FILE,
Other six to music are clad
Others clap when they give it ... "
There are guidance on the fact that Pushkin, going to meet the requests of some friends, gave tribute to the customs of the then Great Dandy, although with a certainty the texts of Pushkin water waters are not installed.
Usually, water-wing poems were such that with all the condescension, they can only be called rhymety.
Waterville's passion was truly huge. For October 1840, only 25 performances were delivered in the St. Petersburg theater, of which almost in each other, other than the main play, were still one or two watervilles, but ten performances were over whenever composed exclusively of waterville. Herzen, waiting with the impatience of arrival in London M. S. Shpkin, recalls (in a letter to M. K. Rehel) not his big roles, but a water chorus:
"Chuk-Chuk, Tetyan,
Chernobrova Kohan. "
Schepkin himself played in water watery very willingly. They held a very prominent place in his repertoire. Going in 1834 on tour to St. Petersburg, he sends his repertoire to Sosnitsky, where, along with the "grief from the mind," there are a lot of water waters.
Approximately from the 1840s. In Waterville, it begins to glorify noticeably, then in the text, then in the form of the acting discovered and bakers, an element of topicality and controversy, and it has a great success in the public. Of course, the topicality in Nikolaev times could not go beyond purely literary or theatrical worship (and then carefully), everything else "stricter forbidden." In Waterville Lensky, for example, "in people an angel is not a wife, at home with her husband - Satan" smeared:
Here, for example, the analysis of Poles Poles - and the author and the actor will not understand the words here ...
A special success fell to the share of a five-acting waterway of Lensky "Lev Gurych Sichkin or Provincial Debutant", converted from the French play "Father Debutant". It was preserved in the repertoire of theaters until the beginning of the 20th century, although, of course, was already deprived of any of the topicality (which there was a lot in it), but did not yet lose the values \u200b\u200bof the pictures of theatrical morals of that time. In the 1840s, there was still a special genre of Waterville "with dressing up". They had a noisy success of a young, sneaking Nekrasov, Actress Ashenkov. The most popular authors of the waterville were: Shakhovskaya, Khmelnitsky (his water waters "air locks" held until the end of the XIX century), Pisarev, Koni, Fedorov, Grigoriev, Solovyov, Kratygin (author "Vitzmundyr"), Lensky and others.
Penetration into Russia In the late 1860s from France, Operetta weakened the passion for the waterfront, especially since all political expression was widely practiced in the operetta (there are also very vigilant censorship), and especially topical (in the same water type) couplets. Without such locks, the operetta then did not think. Nevertheless, the waterville is still long enough in the repertoire of the Russian theater. Its noticeable wilting begins only with the eighties of the XIX century.
Bibliography
To prepare this work, materials from the site http://ru.wikipedia.org were used
Vaudeville
Vaudeville
Vaudeville. - The word comes from the French "Val de Vire" - the Virgin Valley. Vir - River in Normandy. In the XVII century, the spread of songs known in the name "Chanson de Val de Vire" were distributed in France. They are attributed to the folk poets of the XV century - Olivier Washland and Le-Gu. But most likely it is simply a collective designation of a special genre of a simple simple joking song of a folk nature, light on a melodic composition, mockery-satirical in content, and by origin to its associated villages of the Virgin Valley. This can explain the further transformation of the name itself - from "Val de Vire" in Voix De Ville ("Rustic voice"). In the second half of the XVII century, small theatrical plays appeared in France, which, in the course of the action, these songs and from them themselves called "Waterville". And in 1792, even the special "theater de vaudeville" was founded in Paris - "Theater V.". Skreb and Labish are especially famous from French watermarists.
We have a prototype V. There was a small comic opera of the late XVII century, held in the repertoire of the Russian theater and by the beginning of the XIX century. This belongs here - "Sbutenik" Princess, Nikolaev - "Guardian-professor" and "misfortune from the carriage", Levshina - "imaginary widows", Matinsky - "St. Petersburg Gostiny", Krylova - "Coffee Nail" and others. Special success had an opera-c. Ablessova - "Melnik-sorcerer, deceiver and swat" (1779). "Siaia Pieces," says the Dramatic Dictionary of 1787, "so much filed attention from the public, which is played many times ... not only from the national hearisters, but foreigners curious pretty". In Pushkin "Count Nulin", the definition of V. is still associated with the concept of Aria, Operas:
"... Would you like to listen
Adorable waterville? " and graph
Sings ...
The next stage of Development V. - "Little Comedy with Music," as Bulgarian determines. This V. received special distribution from about the 20s of the last century. Typical specimens of such V. Bulgarian believes the "Cossack-poem" and "Lomonosov" Shakhovsky. "Cossack-poem," F. Vigel writes in his notes, is especially noteworthy in that the first staged to the scene under the real name V. From him this endless chain of these light works was revealed. "
Among the noble-guards young people began the XIX century. It was considered a sign of "good tone" to compose V. for the benefit of a particular actor or actress. And for the beneficiaries, it was beneficial, for meant and some "propaganda" from the author for the upcoming benefit collection. Later, even Nekrasov "sinned" with several water wakes under the pseudonym N. Rememorsky ("Shila in a bag do not hurt, you can't hold the girl in a bag", "Fooclist Onufrievich Bob, or a husband is not in his plate", "That's what it means to fall in love with the actress", "Actor" and "Babushkina Parrots").
Usually V. translated from French Yaz. "Alteration on Russian morals" of French watervals was limited to the greatest part of the replacement of French Russian names. Gogol in 1835 he lists in his notebook: "But what now happened when a real Russian, and a somewhat stern and distinguished by a kind of nationality, with my hard figure, began to fake under the scarring of the Petimetra, and our fat, but mild and intelligent A merchant with a wide beard, who does not know anything on his leg, except for a heavy boot, would put the narrow shoe and stockings a jour instead, and another, even better, would leave in the boot and began to be in the first pair to the French cadrill. But almost the same our national watermen. " Also, the sterns of Belinsky's sentence of the Russian waterways: "First, they are mostly the essence of the alteration of French water wakes, therefore, couples, sharpness, funny positions, tie and omission - everything is ready, you will only take advantage. And what comes out? This lightness, naturalness, the liveliness that was involuntarily fascinated and kerisy was our imagination in French waterworm, this sharpness, these cute stupidity, this is a talent flutter, this game is the game of the mind, these grimaces of fantasy, in a word, all this disappears in the Russian copy, but one hardness remains , awkwardness, unnaturalness, tension, two or three kalabours, two or three sequels, and nothing more. "
Silent Theaters of V. Usually in a very simple recipe. About him also told Griboedovsky reheetals ("Woe from Wit"):
"... LSTERTER, LOOK - WATER
blind
Other six to music are clad
Others clap when they give it ... "
There are guidance on the fact that Pushkin, going to meet the requests of some friends, gave tribute to the customs of the then Great Lady Dandy, although the texts of Pushkin water waters are not installed in the neominity.
Usually, the water-wing poems are such that with all the condescension it can be called only rhyme-flying.
Waterville's passion was truly huge. For October 1840, only 25 performances were delivered in St. Petersburg the theater, of which almost in each other, in addition to the main play, were still one or two V., but ten performances were overly compiled exclusively from waterville. Herzen, waiting with the impatience of arrival in London M. S. Shpkin, recalls (in a letter to M. K. Rehel) not his big roles, but a water chorus:
"Chuk-Chuk, Tetyan,
Chernobrova Kohan. "
Schepkin himself played in V. Very willing. They held a very prominent place in his repertoire. Going in 1834 on tour to Petersburg, he sends his repertoire to Sosnitsky, where, along with the "grief from the mind," there are a lot of V.
Approximately from the 40s. In V., it begins to noticeably glorify, then in the text, then in the form of acting challenges and bakers, an element of topicality and controversy, and it has a great success in the public. Of course, the topicality in Nikolaev times could not go beyond purely literary or theatrical worship (and then carefully), everything else "stricter forbidden." In Waterville Lensky, for example, "In people an angel is not a wife, at home with her husband - Satan" smeared:
"For example, analysis
Poles Poles -
And author and actor
There will be no word ... "
Special success fell to the share of a five-acting V. Lensky "Lev Gurych Sichkin or Provincial Debutant", converted from the French play "Father Debutant". It has been preserved in the repertoire of theaters and to the present day, now, of course, is already deprived of any of the topicality (which there was a lot in it), but did not yet lose the values \u200b\u200bof the pictures of theatrical morals of that time. In the 40s, there was still a special genre of V. "With dressing up". They had a noisy success of a young, sneaking Nekrasov, Actress Ashenkov. V. The most popular authors were: Shakhovskaya, Khmelnitsky (his V. "Air Castles" held until the end of the XIX century), Pisarev, Koni, Fedorov, Grigoriev, Solovyov, Kratygin (author "Vitzmundyr"), Lensky, and others.
Penetration to us in the late 60s from France is operetta (see) weakened the passion of V., especially since all political expressive practices were widely practiced in the operetta (of course within the limits of very vigilant censorship), chosen and especially topical (in the same Water Type) Purchases. Without such locks, the operetta then did not think. Nevertheless, B. still has a long time retained in the repertoire of the Russian theater. His noticeable wilt begins only with the eighties of the last century. Bibliography:
Gorbunov I. F., L. T. Lensky, "Russian Starina", No. 10, 1880; Tikhonravov N. S., Prof., M. S. Shchepkin and N. V. Gogol, Zh. "Artist", KN. V, 1890; Izmailov A., Fedor Koni and Old Waterville., "The Yearbook of the Imper. Theaters ", № 3, 1909; Varnah B. V., History of the Russian Theater, Part II, Kazan, 1910; Notes, letters and stories M. S. Shchepkin, St. Petersburg, 1914; Ignatov I. N., Theater and viewers, part I, M., 1916; Beskin E., Nekrasov-playwright, Zh. "Enlightenment Worker", № 12, 1921; Grossman L., Pushkin in theatrical chairs, L., 1926; Vigel F. F., notes, t. I, M., 1928, Beskin E. M., History of the Russian Theater, M., 1928; Vsevolodsky-Gerzross, the history of the Russian Theater, M., 1929 (2 TT.).
Literary encyclopedia. - at 11 tons; M.: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friece, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .
Vaudeville
(Franz. Vaudeville from Vau de Vire is the Vir River Valley in France, where folk songs were spread - water waters), light play with bonds. Initially, comic songs, from the 18th century. Mandatory in the comedies, then the water wake becomes an independent genre. Found widespread in French drama 18-19 centuries. (The best authors recognized E. Skreb and E. Labish). In Russia, Waterville becomes popular at the turn of the 1820-30s., It is a genre of moral phositive and beative. The best works of this genre belong to A. I. Pisarev (1803-28), D. T. Lensky (1805-60), F. A. Koni (1809-79), also wrote Watervili N. A. Nekrasov.
Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .
Vaudeville
VAUDEVILLE. Waterville call a dramatic collision in comedy plan (see comedy). If the comedy dramatic struggle should not be cruel, then it is even more applied to the water waters. Here, usually, a comedy violation of any very minor social norm, for example, the norms of hospitality, good-neighborly relations, etc. Due to the insignificance of the violated norm, waterville is usually reduced to a sharp short collision - sometimes to one scene.
History of waterville. Etymology of this word (VAUX-DE-VIRE, Virgin Valley) gives an indication of the initial birth of this type of dramatic creativity (G. Vir is in Normandy); Subsequently, this word through the distortion was comprehended by Voix De Ville - a rustic voice. Under the hydroevil began to understand such works in which the phenomena of life are determined from the point of view of naive rustic views. The light character of the content is a distinctive feature of the waterville. The creator of the waterville, which characterizes these works on the part of its content, was the French poet of the XV century Le-State, which was later mixed with another poet Olivier wishes. Le-State Farmers collector Vaux de Vire Nouveaux. These light comic songs in the spirit of the Le-Gu and the Bolshal were made in Paris the property of wide urban masses, thanks to the fact that they were on the bridge of the Pon Negmeni. In the XVIII century, the woodwork, the fuselier and Durneal in the imitation of these water waters began to make plays of the same content. The text of waterville is accompanied by music from the beginning of the second half of the XVIII century. The musical performance of watervals contributed to the fact that the entire text was written in verses ("Melnik" Ableximov). But soon, with the fulfillment of water waters, artists began to be made to the text in the prosaic form of change - improvisation on the current malice of the day. This gave the opportunity to the authors themselves alternate verse with prose. From that time, the branching of the water waters begins for two types: on the actual water and operetta. In Waterville, conversation prevails, and in operetta - singing. However, the operetta began to differ in its content from waterville. It is paroded by different phenomena of life. Such is the operetta Khmelnitsky (beginning of the XIX century): "Greek Bedding or Iphigencies in Tavrid" and later: "Orpheus in hell", "Beautiful Elena", "Market Daughter", "Sightbirds", "Geisha", etc. . After this differentiation of the water waters, it remains at first a joking image of life in general urban class, and then medium and minor bin.
The ease of water was also facilitated by the fact that it was compiled in case for the adequacy of the artist or artist, and he was mostly sufficient after a serious drama or tragedy. This determined the insignificance of its volume, although they were known not only by trichat, but even a five -active (Waterville of Lensky out of 5 acts - "Lev Gurych Sichkin or provincial debutant"). The insignificance of the volume of waterville required a special coincidence of the comic element relatively to the comedy. Therefore, the hyperbolicity of the Commission led the rapid development of action.
At first, the water was written by verses, then the poems began to alternate with prosaic dialogues - with the indispensable repetition of the same bakers with the appeal to the public; Often the most couplets were called water wakes. In the late Time, the plots and music became optional.
We had Khmelnitsky, Shakhovskiy, Pisarev, Field, Kratygin 2nd, and others. In the era of reforms, Waterville lost its meaning, giving way to operetta. In most cases, water was driven by plays, more often from French, but alien names were often reworked into Russian. In the form of Waterville Chekhov wrote his jokes: "Bear" and "Offer".
V. Volkenstein, Yves. Lyskov. Literary encyclopedia: Dictionary of literary terms: in 2 tons / edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunina, V. Lviv-Rogachevsky, M. Rosanova, V. Cheshikhina-Windrinsky. - m.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925
Synonyms:
Watch what is "Waterville" in other dictionaries:
vaudeville - I, m. Vaudeville f. 1. The birth of folk songs common in France. Sl. 18. Study. Joking water woven song, joking couplets. Bass 2. He challenged .. Going along the streets of some songs composed by verses, on the likeness of French watervals. ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicalism Russian Language
- (Franz. Vaudeville). The generation of the theatrical play of a funny, funny content with singing; I received my name on behalf of the mountains. Vau, or Val de Vire, where Olivier Bashel, at the end of the XIV century, composed funny drinking songs. Dictionary of foreign words, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Vaudeville - Waterville. Waterville call a dramatic collision in comedy plan (see comedy). If the comedy dramatic struggle should not be cruel, then it is even more applied to the water waters. Here, usually depicted comedy ... ... Dictionary of literary terms
See joke ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions in terms of meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. Waterville Spectacle, Opera (ETC) A, Joke, Farc, Water Circuit Dictionary of Russian Synonyms ... Synonym dictionary
Modern encyclopedia
Husband., Franz. Dramatic spectacle with songs, singing, and the opera and the opener is all laid on the music. Waterville, belonging to the water waters, a water-harvest husband. Composing water. Yes, waterville has a thing, and so on all the gil. Griboedov. Explanatory Dictionary Daly ... Explanatory dictionary of Daly
vaudeville - Waterville. Pronounced [Waterville] and allowed [waterville] ... Dictionary of the difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian
Vaudeville - (French Vaudeville, from Vau de Vire, literally Vir Vis Valley in Normandy, where folk songs of water waters were distributed), a view of a light comedy representation built on an entertaining intrigue, with songs by purchasing, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Waterville is The name dates back to the name of the Vir River Valley, in Normandy (Val De Vire), where in the beginning of the 15th century, the Swontchik Olivier de Baselin lived, a skillful Satir's Song Sign. It is also possible to origin from the name of the city song - Voix de Ville ("City Voices"). Waterville is a light comedy play with an anecdotical plot, in which the dialogue and dramatic effect, built on an uncomplicated intrigue, are combined with songs-check-in, music, dancing. Initially, Waterville songs were not related to dramatic art. Only in the first half of the 18th century, French writers began to insert the popular songs of this kind in their one-acting play for fair-term theaters (L. Fusely, A.R.Lesiazh, J.F. Renyar, etc.). By the middle of the 18th century, the poems of water was changed: the song turned into a verse, and in French drama, there were samples of the comedy with the completion of acts, especially the last, small-lying tickets. The final songs of the comedy of P.O.BAURSHER "The marriage of Figaro" (1784) was also called waterville. So arose "comedies of the Windows" and "Comedy, decorated with water wakes." As an independent view of Dramaurgy, Waterville has developed in the period of the French revolution. After the publication by the Legislative Assembly of Decree 1791 on the freedom of public spectacles in Paris P.A.Pins and P. Bars, opened in 1792 professional theater-waterwill for placing the plays exclusively this genre, after which other water fluid theaters appeared - the Trubadur Theater , Mounting theater. Over time, Waterville, having lost satirical pathos and turning into an entertainment genre, became a type of European comedography. E. Skrib (1791-1861) canonized the genre in France and created about 150 such plays. The main topics of the screet were family virtues and enterprise.
Waterville in Russia
In Russia, Waterville appeared in the first decades of the 19th century Under the influence of French, divided into two types: the original Russian waterway, which invested in the National French form of Russian content, and the transfer, fully preserved the traditions and the main topics of the European genre. The first samples of the original Russian watervail, which created in 1812-30, belong to A.A.Shakhovsky ("Cossack-poetry", post. 1814, ed. 1815; "Lomonosov, or recruit-poetry", post. 1814, ed. 1816; "Peasants, or a meeting of uninvited", post. 1814, ed. 1815). V. wrote N.I. Khmelnitsky ("Babushkina Parrots", 1819; "You will not unwell a narrowed horse, or there is no way without good" 1821), A.I. Pisarev ("Teacher and a student, or in someone else's hangover", 1824; "Floating, or the Master's business is afraid", 1825). The development of Russian waterville from 1830 continued in two directions. On the one hand, there were a lot of purely entertainment water wakes with a typical plot and the order of images. On the other hand, there was an emergence marked by democratic trends. Among the authors of this time there are quite a few fans-actors and directories. Some water wakes created by unprofessional playwrights of 1830-40 took a strong place in comedy literature: "Lev Gurych Sinichkin" (post. 1839, ed. 1840), "Bridegish" (1840) D.T.Lensky; "Student, Kornet, Artist and Screw" (1840), "Petersburg apartments" (1840) F. A.Koni; "Shila in a bag is not husted, you will not hold under the lock" (1841), "Actor" (1841) N. A.Nekrasova; "Boolean" (1841), "Chudak-deceased" (1842) P.A. Kratygin; "The daughter of the Russian actor" (1844), "Fold for a lie to the Italian opera" (1843) P.I. Grishryev. The operating persons of these watermen were landowners, merchants, officials, noblestores, sales policies. At the same time, the late classic water designer became close to a serious household comedy and a comedy of characters, which led to the growing prosaic text at the expense of the poetic and to liberate the bill from dramatic functions. Waterville lost its genre rates. In the second half of the 19th century, Waterville almost completely disappeared from the repertoire of the Russian theater. The mansion was the one-act plays of A.P.hekhov ("On the Harm of Tobacco", 1886; "Bear", 1888; "Proposal", 1888; "Anniversary", 1892; "Wedding", 1890, etc.), the developing traditions of Russian waterville . Elements of water-mounted plot (paradoxicity, rapidness of action, suddenness of the junction) were met in satirical miniatures of L. Andreev, V.Katayev, etc.
VAUDEVILLE
. - The word comes from the French "Val de Vire" - the Virgin Valley. Vir - River in Normandy. In the XVII century, the spread of songs known in the name "Chanson de Val de Vire" were distributed in France. They are attributed to the folk poets of the XV century - Olivier Washland and Le-Gu. But most likely it is just a collective designation
271 special genre of a simple simple joking song of a folk character, light on a melodic composition, mockery-satirical in content, and by origin to their associated villages of the Virgin Valley. This can explain the further transformation of the name itself - from "Val de Vire" in Voix De Ville ("Rustic voice"). In the second half of the XVII century, small theatrical plays appeared in France, which, in the course of the action, these songs and from them themselves called "Waterville". And in 1792, even a special "Th ?? Tre de Vaudeville" was founded in Paris - "Theater V.". Skreb and Labish are especially famous from French watermarists. We have a prototype V. There was a small comic opera of the late XVII century, held in the repertoire of the Russian theater and by the beginning of the XIX century. This belongs here - "Sbutenik" Princess, Nikolaev - "Guardian-professor" and "misfortune from the carriage", Levshina - "imaginary widows", Matinsky - "St. Petersburg Gostiny", Krylova - "Coffee Nail" and others. Special success had an opera-c. Ablessova - "Melnik-sorcerer, a deceiver and swat". "Siaia Pieces," says "Dramatic Dictionary" 1787, "there so much filed attention from the public, which is played many times ... not only from the national hesishand, but also foreigners curious pretty." In Pushkin "Count Nulin", the definition of V. is still associated with the concept of Aria, Opera: "... Would you like to listen
Adorable waterville? " and graph
Sings ... Illustration: M. S. Shchepkin with daughter in dramatic waterway
"Sailor". Fig. Dannenberg The next stage of Development V. - "Little Comedy with Music", as Bulgarian determines it. This V. received special distribution from about the 20s of the last century. Typical specimens such
272 V. Bulgarian believes the "Cossack-poem" and "Lomonosov" Shakhovsky. "Cossack-poem," F. Vigel writes in his "notes", is especially noteworthy in that the first staged to the scene under the real name V. From him, this endless chain of these light works reached out. " Among the noble-guards young people began the XIX century. It was considered a sign of "good tone" to compose V. for the benefit of a particular actor or actress. And for the beneficiaries, it was beneficial, for meant and some "propaganda" from the author for the upcoming benefit collection. Later, even Nekrasov "sinned" with several water wakes under the pseudonym N. Rememorsky ("Shila in a bag do not hurt, you can't hold the girl in a bag", "Fooclist Onufrievich Bob, or a husband is not in his plate", "That's what it means to fall in love with the actress", "Actor" and "Babushkina Parrots"). Usually V. translated from French Yaz. "Alteration on Russian morals" of French watervals was limited to the greatest part of the replacement of French Russian names. Gogol in 1835 he lists in his notebook: "But what now happened when a real Russian, and a somewhat stern and distinguished by a kind of nationality, with my hard figure, began to fake under the scarring of the Petimetra, and our fat, but mild and intelligent A merchant with a wide beard, who does not know anything on his leg, except for a heavy boot, would the narrow shoe and stockings would put on him instead? Jour, and the other, even better, would leave in the boot and began to be in the first pair to the French cadrill. But almost the same our national watermen. " Also, the sterns of Belinsky's sentence of the Russian waterways: "First, they are mostly the essence of the alteration of French water wakes, therefore, couples, sharpness, funny positions, tie and omission - everything is ready, you will only take advantage. And what comes out? This lightness, naturalness, the liveliness that was involuntarily fascinated and kerisy was our imagination in French waterworm, this sharpness, these cute stupidity, this is a talent flutter, this game is the game of the mind, these grimaces of fantasy, in a word, all this disappears in the Russian copy, but one hardness remains , awkwardness, unnaturalness, tension, two or three kalabours, two or three sequels, and nothing more. " Silent Theaters of V. Usually in a very simple recipe. About him also told Griboedovsky reheetals ("Mount from Wit"): "... LSTERTER, LOOK - WATERVILER
Other six to music are clad
Others clap when they give it ... "There are guidance on what Pushkin, going to meet the requests of some friends, gave tribute to the customs of the then Great Lady Dandy, although neominably
273 Texts of Pushkin water mobs are not installed. Usually, the water-wing poems are such that with all the condescension it can be called only rhyme-flying. Waterville's passion was truly huge. For October 1840, only 25 performances were delivered in St. Petersburg the theater, of which almost in each other, in addition to the main play, were still one or two V., but ten performances were overly compiled exclusively from waterville. Herzen, waiting with the look of arrival in London M. S. Shchepkin, recalls (in a letter to M. K. Rehel) is not his big roles, but a water watery chorus: "Chuk-Chuk, Tetyan,
Chernobrova Kohan. " Schepkin himself played in V. Very willing. They held a very prominent place in his repertoire. Going in 1834 on tour to Petersburg, he sends his repertoire to Sosnitsky, where, along with the "grief from the mind," there are a lot of V. Approximately from the 40s. In V., it begins to noticeably glorify, then in the text, then in the form of acting challenges and bakers, an element of topicality and controversy, and it has a great success in the public. Of course, the topicality in the Nikolaev times could not go beyond the limits of purely lit-th or theatrical malicu (and then carefully), everything else "stricter forbidden." In Waterville Lensky, for example, "In people, an angel is not a wife, at home with her husband - Satan," the smeared sings: "Here, for example, the analysis
Here they will not understand the words ... "A special success fell to the share of the five -active V. Lensky" Lev Gurychin Sichkin or Provincial Debutant ", converted from the French play" Father Debutant ". It has been preserved in the repertoire of theaters and to the present day, now, of course, is already deprived of any of the topicality (which there was a lot in it), but did not yet lose the values \u200b\u200bof the pictures of theatrical morals of that time. In the 40s, there was still a special genre of V. "With dressing up". They had a noisy success of a young, sneaking Nekrasov, Actress Ashenkov. V. The most popular authors were: Shakhovskaya, Khmelnitsky (his V. "Air Castles" held until the end of the XIX century), Pisarev, Koni, Fedorov, Grigoriev, Soloviev, Kratygin (author "Vitzmundyr"), Lensky and others. Penetration to In the late 60s from France, the operetta (see) weakened the passion of V., especially since all political impromptants were widely practiced in the operetta (of course within very vigilant censorship), chosen and especially topical (in the same water type ) Purchases. Without such locks of operetta then
274 did not think. Nevertheless, B. still has a long time retained in the repertoire of the Russian theater. His noticeable wilt begins only with the eighties of the last century. Illustration: Illustration to "La Calomnie" E. Skreba, ed. 1861 Bibliography: Gorbunov I. F., L. T. Lensky, "Russian Starina", No. 10, 1880; Tikhonravov N. S., Prof., M. S. Shchepkin and N. V. Gogol, Zh. "Artist", KN. V, 1890; Izmailov A., Fedor Koni and Old Waterville., "The Yearbook of the Imper. Theaters ", № 3, 1909; Varnah B. V., History of the Russian Theater, Part II, Kazan, 1910; Notes, letters and stories M. S. Shchepkin, St. Petersburg, 1914; Ignatov I. N., Theater and viewers, part I, M., 1916; Beskin E., Nekrasov-playwright, Zh. "Enlightenment Worker", № 12, 1921; Grossman L., Pushkin in theatrical chairs, L., 1926; Vigel F. F., notes, t. I, M., 1928, Beskin E. M., History of the Russian Theater, M., 1928; Vsevolodsky-Gerzross, the history of the Russian Theater, M., 1929 (2 TT.). Em. Beskin
Literary encyclopedia. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, the meanings of the word and what is waterville in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- VAUDEVILLE in the dictionary of literary terms:
- (from Franz. Vaudeville) - a view of the comedy: a play of an entertaining orientation with an entertaining intrigue and an imperious household plot in which the dramatic ... - VAUDEVILLE in the big encyclopedic dictionary:
(Franz. Vaudeville from Vau de Vire - Vir River Vis in Normandy, where folk songs - water waters were distributed), ... - VAUDEVILLE in the Big Soviet Encyclopedia, BSE:
(Franz. Vaudeville), light comedy play with songs-tickets and dancing. Motherland V. - France. The name comes from the valley of p. VIU (Vau ... - VAUDEVILLE in the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Franz. The word vaudeville comes from the word Vaux-de-Vire, that is, the valley of Vira in Normandy, the birthplace of the national poet of Olivier Bolshelana, ... - VAUDEVILLE in the modern encyclopedic dictionary:
(French VAUDEVILLE, from Vau de Vire, literally - Vir River Valley in Normandy, where 15th centuries were common ... - VAUDEVILLE
[French VAUDEVILLE] 1) Street city song 1 6 V. in France; 2) Small theatrical Piece of Lung, Comedy Character with Purchasing ... - VAUDEVILLE in the encyclopedic dictionaries:
, I, m. Short comic play, usually with singing. Waterville - related to water, watervilleam; like waterville. || Wed Musical ... - VAUDEVILLE in the encyclopedic dictionary:
[DE], -I, m. Short comic play, usually with singing. II adj. Water, ... - VAUDEVILLE in the big Russian encyclopedic dictionary:
Vaudeville (Franz. Vaudeville, from Vau de Vire - Vir River Vis in Normandy, where in the 15th century. Nar. ... - VAUDEVILLE in the encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
Franz. The word vaudeville comes from the word Vaux-de-Vire, that is, the valley of Vira in Normandy, the birthplace of the national poet of Olivier Bolshelana, ... - VAUDEVILLE in the full accentuated paradigm on the link:
water "Lee, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Lamov, Lamov, Lamovy, ... - VAUDEVILLE in the popular intelligent encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language:
[DE], -I, m. Piece of a light comedy character with an entertaining intrigue, in which the dialogs alternate with singing of bakers and dances. Plot … - VAUDEVILLE in the dictionary for solving and drafting scanvords:
Musical ... - VAUDEVILLE in the new foreign word dictionary:
(FR. VAUDEVILLE) 1) Street city song in France 16th century; 2) a lung play, comedy with bosses and dances; ...
Waterville is a genre from the world of dramaturgy, which has characteristic recognizable signs. With confidence, let's say that he is a "great-grandfather" of modern pop. First, it is a very musical play, rich in dancing and songs. Secondly, it is always a comedy.
Waterville is also a theatrical play created in this genre. The plot is pretty and easy. The conflict is built on a funnant intrigue and is allowed to be happy finals.
History
Curious origin of such an unusual word. Historians argue that it was born in the fifteenth century in Normandy, near the Vir River. There lived poets that wrote folk songs that were called Val de Vire, "Virgin Valley". Later, the word has changed on Voix De Ville (literally "provincial voice"). Finally, in French, the term took shape in Vaudeville, which means "waterville". So the literary creations were called, in which events were set out through the prism of an innocent uncomplicated perception. Initially, it was only street comic songs who performed the wandering artists. Only in the eighteenth century, playwrights appeared, who, focusing on the nature of these songs, began to compose the plays with similar plots and in similar stylistics. As the texts were poetic, they easily lay music. However, the actors in the process of execution of the plays improved a lot, they did it most often in prose, and therefore the playwrights also alternate the poetic pieces of text with prosaic.
Waterville and operetta
Art historians say that from now on, the Yoyevil has a younger sister - operetta, which, however, very soon became extremely popular. Singing prevailed in Operette, and in Waterville - conversations. For the specialization of the form there was a certain difference in the content. Waterville is not satirical, but, more likely, a joking image of the life and morals of people of the middle class. Comedy situations are developing rapidly, violently and often grotesque.
Features of the genre
One of the characteristic features of the works of this genre are the constant appeals of the actor to the viewer during action. Also, the specificity of the hydroevil is the mandatory repetition of the same song versions. Waterville features made it the desired part of any benefit. The actor giving such a performance after serious dramatic monologues can please the public, appearing in a completely different image. In addition, waterville is a great opportunity to demonstrate vocal and dance data.
Impact on cultural traditions
Waterville in the era of his occurrence was very loved by residents of different countries and continents, but in every culture he went his own way. In America, for example, Music Hall and other bright, striking the imagination of the show program grew out of it. In Russia, the waterville caused a joke play and comic opera to life. Completely water content in some brilliant works A. P. Chekhov ("Proposal", "Bear", "Drama", etc.).
Sample of russian water water
"Melnik - sorcerer, deceiver and swat" - the sparkling comic play of Alexander Ablessov in the spirit of Waterville for the first time played on stage in 1779. After two hundred years, modern theaters are happy with pleasure. The plot is extremely simple: Mother's peasant peasant, born nobility, but issued to marry a peasant, hinders his daughter's wedding, who won their peasant guy to her husband. Does not want to take him into the son-in-law and father of the girl. The conflict is caused to resolve a tricky and enterprising Melnik Faddey. Since the village belief says that all Melniks are sorcerers, Faddey does not miss the case to take advantage, believing that the burner is nothing like a deception. He becomes a wool and, finding each of his "key," successfully convinces the parents of Anuti, that they do not find the best son-in-law. In this funny comedy provisions, there is everything that includes the importance of the word "hydroevil".