Plan:

1. Introduction

2) Birth, Death of William Shakespeare

3) Shakespeare

4) three periods of the Creative Path of Shakespeare

5) Sonnet Shakespeare

6) Drama Shakespeare

7) Drama"Heinrich IV" and "Heinrich V".

8) Romeo and Juliet

9) Conclusion

10) Internet sources

William Shakespeare

1) Creativity of the Great English writer William Shakespeare has a worldwide importance. Shakespeare's genius of roads to all mankind. The world of ideas and images of the Poet-Humanist is truly huge. The global meaning of Shakespeare is in the realism and nationality of his creativity.

2) William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-he-Avon in the Black Sea Family. Future playwright studied in a grammatical school, where Latin and Greek taught, as well as literature and history. Life in the provincial city gave the opportunity to closely communicate with the people, from which Shakespeare has learned the English folklore and the wealth of the folk language. For some time, Shakespeare was a junior teacher. In 1582, he married Anna Hathev; He had three children. In 1587, Shakespeare went to London and soon began to play on stage, although he had no big success as an actor. From 1593, he worked at the Barbed Theater as an actor, director and playwright, and from 1599 he became a shareholder of the Globus theater. Shakespeare's plays were very popular, although his name little knew at that time, because the viewer paid attention primarily on the actors. In 1612, Shakespeare left the theater, stopped writing the play and returned to Stratford-Heigh. Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616 and was buried in his hometown.

3) The insufficiency of information about the life of Shakespeare served as a reason for the emergence of the so-called Shakespeare issue. Starting from the XVIII century. Some researchers began to express the idea that Shakespeare's plays were written not to Shakespeare, but by another person who wanted to hide their authorship and published his works under the name of Shakespeare. Herbert Lawrence in 1772 said that the author of the Pieces was philosopher Francis Bacon; Delia Bacon in 1857 argued that the plays were written by members of the Walter's mug of the role where Bacon came; Karl Blabtray in 1907, Dammblon in 1918, F. Shipulinsky in 1924 tried to prove that the author of the play was Lord Reland. Some scientists attributed the authorship of Count Oxford, Count Pembroke, Count Derby. In our country, this theory was supported by V.M. Fricce. I.A. Aksenov believed that many plays were written not to Shakespeare, but only edited by him.

Theories that deny the authorship of Shakespeare are untenable. They arose on the basis of mistrust to those legends that served as the source of Shakespeare's biography, and on the basis of the reluctance to see the genius in a person in a man of democratic origin, which did not end the university. What is known about the life of Shakespeare, fully confirms its authorship. The philosophical mind, poetic worldview, the vast of knowledge, deep penetration into moral and psychological problems - all this Shakespeare had thanks to strengthened reading, communicating with the people, active participation in the affairs of his time, attentive attitude to life.

4) The Creative Path of Shakespeare is divided into three periods. In the first period (1591-1601), the poems "Venus and Adonis" and "Lucretia", sonnets and almost all historical chronicles, with the exception of Heinrich VIII (1613), were created; Three tragedies: "Tit Andronik", "Romeo and Juliet" and "Julius Caesar". The most characteristic for this period the genre was a cheerful, light comedy ("Taming of the Shrew", "Sleeping in the Summer Night", "Venetian merchant", "Windsor Mocking", "a lot of noise from nothing", "How do you like it", "Twelfth night").

The second period (1601-1608) was marked by interest in tragic conflicts and tragic heroes. Shakespeare creates tragedies: "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lire", "Macbeth", "Anthony and Cleopatra", "Coriolian", "Timon Athens". Comedies written during this period already carry the tragic defill on themselves; In the comedies "Troil and Cresan" and "measure for the measure", a satirical element is enhanced.

By the third period (1608-1612) include tragicomedy "Pericles", "Cymbelin", "Winter Tale", "Storma", in which fiction and allegorism appear.

5) the vertex of the English poetry of the Renaissance and the most important milestone in the history of world poetry was Shakespeare's sonnets (1592-1598, published in 1699). By the end of the XVI century. Sonet became the leading genre in English poetry. Shakespeare Sonnets in their philosophical depth, lyrical strength, dramatism of feelings and musicalities occupy an outstanding place in the development of the art of the son of that time.

Sonnet Shakespeare Music. The entire figurative system of his poems is close to music.

The poetic image of Shakespeare is also close to the image of the picturesque. In the verbal art of the sonnet, the poet relies on the Open Artists of the Renaissance the law of perspectives. The 24th sonnet begins in words: my eye engraver has become the image of yours imprinted in my chest truthfully. Since then, I serve the fierce alive, and the best in art is a prospect.

The feeling of perspective was a way to express the dynamics of being, multidimensionality of real life, the uniqueness of human individuality *.

6) The best historical dramas of Shakespeare are two parts of Heinrich IV and Heinrich V. Bolingbro, who became King Heinrich IV, enters the conflict with feudalities. His main opponents are barons from the genus Percy. Raising the rebellion against the king, the feudalists act in disagreement, the self-interest interests prevent them from unite. As a result of such a disunity during the insurgency, the brave Henry Percy is tragically dies, nicknamed hotspher ("hot spur"). And in this chronicle, Shakespeare shows the inevitability of the defeat of the feudal collisions with the royal power. Nevertheless, Knight Hotsper is described in positive colors. He causes sympathy for the ideal of military honor, courage and fearlessness. Shakespeare attract the moral qualities of the brave knight. But he does not accept hotspire as a person, expressing the interests of the feudal and associated with the forces going into the past. Hotster acts as an opponent Henry IV, Prince Harry and Falstafa, and he is clearly inferior to these heroes representing new, developing society forces. The play displays an objective pattern of time: the tragic death of feudal and gradual statement of the new force - absolutism.

7) King Heinrich IV, being on the throne thanks to skillful diplomatic actions, eventually loses activity and, as well as his predecessors, it turns out to be in a state of moral crisis. Heinrich IV is concerned about the fact that he failed to save the country from the fratricide wars. Shortly before the death of sick Heinrich IV, departing from the former suspicion and secrecy, in a conversation with his son directly expresses his alarm for the fate of England, giving Prince Harry tips on public affairs. Heinrich IV could not bring the struggle against the feudalists to the end because he himself always acted as a feudal and power to power as a feudal, Usurpiroving the throne.

The image of Prince Harry, the future king Henry V. In accordance with the legend that grew up in the Renaissance was played, Shakespeare presented to Prince Harry as a disturbing small adventure in the society of Foref. But despite the carelessness, the prince of Harry is morally clean. Although in reality the Prince Harry was a cruel adventurer, Shakespeare presented him with an excellent young man. The idealization of the prince is caused by the faith of Shakespeare into the progressiveness of the absolute monarchy that unites the nation.

8) In Romeo and Juliet, a tangible connection with Shakespeare's comedies. The proximity to comedies affects the leading role of the topics of love, in the comic nature of the cormal, in the wit Mercutio, in the farce with servants, in the carnival atmosphere of the ball in the house of cabins, in bright, optimistic flavor of the entire play. However, in the development of the main topic - the love of young heroes - Shakespeare addresses the tragic. The tragic start in the play in the form of a conflict of public strength, and not as a drama of the inner, peace of mind.

The cause of the tragic death Romeo and Juliet are a generic female family of montextures and cabbage and feudal morality. Life and other young people -Tibalt and Mercutio will catch up between families. The latter condemns this strot before death: "The plague on both of your homes." Emoxy could not stop the duke nor the townspeople. And only after the death of Romeo and Juliet, the reconciliation of the warring montects and cabins occurs.

The high and bright sense of lovers marks the awakening of the new forces in society at the dawn of the new era. But the collision of the old and new morality inevitably leads the heroes to the tragic end. The tragedy is completed by the moral approval of the valerbia of beautiful human feelings. The tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" Lyrichen, he is permeated by the poetry of youth, the elevation of the nobility of the soul and the all-configuration forces of love. Lyrical tragedy of sheaves and final words of the play:

But no sad news in the world,

What a story about Romeo and Juliet.

(Per. T. Shcheckina-Cupernik)

In the characters of the tragedy, the spiritual beauty of the man of the Renaissance era is revealed. Young Romeo -Found personality. He has already moved away from his patriarchal family and is not connected by feudal morality. Romeo finds joy in communicating with friends: his best friend is a noble and brave Mercutio. Love for Juliet lit the life of Romeo, made him a courageous and strong man. In the rapid takeoff of the senses, in the natural rush of the young passion, the flourishing of a human person comes. In his love, complete victorious joy and premonition of trouble, Romeo acts as a natural and energetic nature. With which courage he carries the mountain caused by the message about the death of Juliet! How much determination and valid in the awareness that life without Juliet is impossible for him!

For Juliet, love became a feat. She is heroically fighting against the Domostroevskaya morality of his father and challenges the laws of blood revenge. The courage and wisdom of Juliet manifested themselves in the fact that it became higher than the century of two families. Having loved Romeo, Juliet rejects cruel conventions of public traditions. Respect and love for a person is more important than all consecrated rules consecrated. Juliet says:

After all, the name is only yours - I am an enemy,

And you - after all, it is you, not a montext.

In love, the beautiful soul of the heroine is revealed. Juliet is captivated by the sincerity and tenderness, dustiness and devotion. In love for Romeo, her whole life. After the death of a beloved for her, there can be no life, and she courageously chooses death.

In the tragedy pattern system, the monk Lorenzo is occupied. Brother Lorenzo is far from religious fanaticism. This is a human scientist, it sympathizes new trends and arising in society freedom-loving aspirations. So, he helps, than can, Romeo and Juliet, who are forced to hide their marriage. The wise Lorenzo understands the depth of the feelings of young heroes, but sees that their love can lead to a tragic end.

Highly appreciated this tragedy Pushkin. Images of Romeo and Juliet, he called the "charming creations of Shakespeare Grace", and Mercutio - "exquisite, attributed, noble", "the wonderful face of the whole tragedy." In general, Pushkin said this tragedy so: "It reflected Italy, a modern poet, with her climate, passions, holidays, Neho, sonnets, with her luxurious tongue performed by shine and concenti."

9) Shakespeare captured in his creations a turning point of era, dramatic struggle between old and new. Its works reflected the movement of history in its tragic contradictions. The Shakespeare tragedy relies on the story stories and legends, which reflect the heroic state of the world. But at this legendary and historical material, Shakespeare has advanced sharp modern problems. The role of the people in the life of society, the relationship between the heroic person and the people with an amazing philosophical depths are disclosed in the "Coriolanus" tragedy (Coriolanus, 1608). The valiant commander Coriolian is great when he represents the interests of the native Rome, the interests of the people, having won the conviction. The people admire their hero, appreciates his courage and direct. Coriolian also loves the people, but his life knows poorly. Coriolan's patriarchal consciousness is not able to still cover developing social contradictions in society; Therefore, he is not thinking over the plight of the people, refuses to give him bread. People turn away from their hero. In Coriolan, expelled from the Society, which was alone, wake up an exorbitant pride, hatred for plebs; This leads it to the treason of Fatherland. He opposes Rome, against his people and this is circumscribed to death.

The peoples of Shakespeare is that he lived in the interests of his time, was faithful to the ideals of humanism, embodied in his works the ethical beginning, screaming images from the treasury of folk art, depicted heroes on a wide folk background. In the work of Shakespeare - the origins of the development of drama, lyrics and novel of the new time.

The people's character of Shakespeare's dramaturgy is also determined by the language. Shakespeare used the richness of the spoken language of the residents of London, gave words new shades, a new meaning *. Living people's speech of the heroes of Shakespeare's plays are saturated with Kalambura. The image pattern in Shakespeare's plays is achieved by frequent use of accurate, scenic comparisons and metaphor. Often the speech of the characters, mainly in the plays of the first period, becomes pathetic, which is achieved by the use of euphomic. Subsequently, Shakespeare opposed the eufuistics style.

In the Pieces of Shakespeare, the poetic speech (white verse) alternates with prose. The tragic heroes are mainly told by verses, and comic characters, jesters - prose. But sometimes the prose is found in the speech of tragic heroes. Poems are distinguished by the variety of rhythmic forms (five-stranded, six-power and four-stranded yamm, transfers phrases).

Introduction

The presented work is devoted to the topic "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance."

The problem of this study has relevance in the modern world. This is evidenced by the frequent study of the issues raised.

The topic "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" is studied at the junction of several interrelated disciplines at once. For the current state of science, the transition to the global consideration of the problems of the "Creativity of V. Shakespeare and his world importance" is characteristic.

Research issues are devoted by many works. Basically, the material set forth in the educational literature is common, and in numerous monographs on this subject, narrower questions of the problem "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" are considered. However, consideration of modern conditions in the study of the issues of the designated topic is required.

High significance and insufficient practical development of the problem "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" determine the undoubted novelty of this study.

Further attention to the issue of the issue of "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" is necessary in order to deeper and reasonable permission of private actual problems of the subject of this study.

The relevance of this work is due, on the one hand, great interest in the topic "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" in modern science, on the other hand, its insufficiently developed. Consideration of issues related to this subject wears both theoretical and practical significance.

The results can be used to develop the methodology for analyzing "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance."

The theoretical meaning of studying the problem "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" is that the elected problem is in the junction of several scientific disciplines at once.

The object of this study is the analysis of the conditions "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance."

In this case, the subject of the study is to consider certain issues formulated as the tasks of this study.

The purpose of the study is to study the topic "Creativity V. Shakespeare and his world importance" from the point of view of the latest domestic and foreign studies in similar issues.

William Shakespeare's Life and Creativity

shakespeare Work Creative English

Born in the semicolon and merchant family, at the same time the former urban head. From 11 years he entered the grammatical school, where grammar, logic, rhetoric and Latin were taught. At this, Shakespeare's training ended. In the comedy "How do you like it" (1599) Shakespeare shares his school memories: "Plaxy schoolboy with a book bag, with a face ruddy, reluctantly, snail crawling to school." A little thought about the adolescence of Shakespeare: In 1582, he married Ann Heteuway, who was eight years older than her husband, in 1583 they had a daughter of Susan, in 1585 twins - the son of Gamnet and Daughter Judit (son died in a ten-year Aged, daughters did not leave the heirs, so that the genus Shakespeare was interrupted in the 17th century). In 1585, Shakespeare left his hometown. From the late 1580s. - the actor of the royal troupe, from 1594 - the shareholder and actor troupe "servor of Lord-Chamber", with which all creative life was connected. Shakespeare and his comrades founded the Globus Theater (1596), which was made almost all his plays. On the flag that was raised before the play on the theater building, Hercules was depicted, holding a globe in his hands, and in Latin's hand: "The whole world is hired" (saying the Roman writer Petronia). A round building with a diameter of 25 m roof was only above the part of the scene, four galleries for the audience were placed around, the audience could also stand before the scene. The decorations were almost no - the main decoration of the performance was costumes. Due to lack of space on a small scene, only 12 actors could fit. The performance accompanied the music performed by a little orchestra. At the end of the performance often played a small humorous play-farce with singing and dancing. The audience were very different - from commoners to hurried lords. In "Globus" worked permanent actors, which made it possible to maintain the high quality of the scenic performance. Women's roles played boys. After joining the throne Yakov I (1603), there is no information about the speeches of Shakespeare on the stage, but he continued to write plays for his troupe, which from this time was called the corpus of the king. Around 1612, Shakespeare returned to Stratford, where he was buried under the altar of the church of St. Trinity.

Outstanding works of Shakespeare

Among the early works of Shakespeare - the poems on the tragic love "Venus and Adonis" (1593) and "Lucretia" (1594), written in the spirit of rebirth poetry; They brought the author of popularity, but the world's recognition of Shakespeare gained as a playwright. The so-called "Shakespeare Canon" (undoubtedly owned by Shakespeare Pieces) includes 37 drams. In the early plays, a bright, life-affirming beginning dominates: Comedy "Taming Stropive" (1593), "Sleeping in the Summer Night" (1596), "Many noise from nothing", "Windsor Muses" (both - 1598), "Twelfth Night" ( 1600). The humanistic call for mutual tolerance, hope for the mind and victory over the detrimental prejudices they sound in the tragedy of "Romeo and Juliet" (1595) about the broken lives of young beloved who are victims of long-standing generic hosts of their families. Over the years in the work of Shakespeare, based on a huge material of the history and culture of different countries, the awareness of the complexity and contradictions of being is intensified. In the historical chronicles "Richard III" (1593), "Heinrich IV" (2 hours, 1597-98), in the tragedies "Hamlet" (1601), "Othello" (1604), "King Lire" (1605), " Macbeth "(1606), in" Roman "tragedies" Julius Caesar "(1599)," Anthony and Cleopatra "(1607)," Coriolian "(1607) The poet estimated moral, public and political conflicts as the eternal laws for which the highest human Values \u200b\u200b- kindness, dedication, honor, justice - inevitably suffer defeat.

The most complex and "mysterious" play of Shakespeare - the tragedy "Hamlet". The nature of the main character spawned many different interpretations, each generation opens something in it, each researcher is trying to explain it in a new way. The weakness of the will and the inconsistency of the hero of the task that is entrusted to him, saw in Gamlet I.V. Goethe. V.G. Belinsky stressed in him the disorder between the dreams and ideas about life and life itself. I.S. Turgenev considered him an egoist and skeptic. However, it is impossible not to admire his thirst for justice, readiness for self-sacrifice in the name of the truth, courage and uncensity of the mind. A.S. Pushkin wrote so much about the features of Shakespeare's characters in general: "Persons created by Shakespeare, not the essence, like the Moliere, the types of such a passion, such a defect, but the substances of the living, fulfilled many passions, many vices; The circumstances develop their various characters to the viewer. " In Gamlet, Shakespeare wrote that the task of art is "to keep the mirror in front of nature: to be virtues of her own traits, swellows - her ash, and every century and class - his likeness and imprint." The feeling of world chaos, which is stated in the "Gamlet", does not leave Shakespeare, the mood of anxiety and anxiety caused by a fracture in the life of society at the turn of the 16-17 centuries., Reflected in his late work. The search for a reconcilatory outcome of dramatic situations led to the creation of late romantic drams "Winter Tale" (1611), "Storm" (1612), in which the playwright seeks to overcome the disorder and return the lost harmony to the world. In the last plays, Shakespeare said goodbye to theatrical viewer, like the hero of "storms" - the Wizard of Prospero, or having burned in the magic of art, or simply exhausted her capabilities.

The global importance of Shakespeare's creativity is explained by the fact that he is in a fascinating and dynamic stage action, large strokes created a whole gallery of bright, memorable images. Among them are powerful, directly going to the goals endowed with strong passions of characters, and prone to constant reflections and fluctuations in types, wise men and mockery, criminals and spaces, courageous friends and cunning traitors. As the main and many minor character characters of Shakespeare became nominal: Hamlet, Ophelia, Lady Macbeth, Othello, Dzemmeon, Yago, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, Falstaf. Shakespeare with his thoughts, themes, motifs and images gave impetus to the creation of many works of literature, painting, sculptures, music; The most significant works are repeatedly fused.

The contribution of Shakespeare to world fiction consisted in his "sonnets" (1592-1600), 154 lyrical philosophical poems telling about the author's love to some "dark lady", insidious and self-willed, and his friendship with a kind of young man (" Blond friend "), who became an opponent and for which he parted with his beloved. To reveal the secret of the lyrical heroine "Sotetes", many researchers of Shakespeare's creativity were trying, but still no one can say exactly who she is: "Sonnets" containing autobiographical motives - not a lyrical diary of the poet, and above all the artistic work. Poetic craftsmanship, drama, glowing passions, accommodated in a small poetry form, tense psychologism put "sonnets" in one row with dramatic masterpieces of Shakespeare. One of the best translators of sonnets into Russian was S.Ya. Marshak.

In Russia, Shakespeare was first mentioned among the famous poets in 1748 A.P. Sumarokov Shakespeare firmly entered the domestic culture from the first floor. 19th century Disputes about Shakespeare at the turn of 19-20 centuries, and in particular a negative attitude towards his work L.N. Tolstoy, did not relax the impact of the English playwright on the spiritual life of Russians. Shakespeare became an integral part of Russian culture in many respects thanks to magnificent translations. I was translated into Russian by A.P. Sumarokov, N.M. Karamzin, A.I. Kranelg, V.Ya. Bruce, N.A. Chokolkovsky, T.L. Shchepkin-Kupernik, M.L. Lozinsky, B.L. Parsnip.

In this exclusive detailed article, you will learn all the facts of the life of each member of the William Shakespeare family, starting with his great-grandfather and ending with his grandchildren and granddaughters. Also, your attention is presented a genealogical tree of playwright. The article is written on the basis of a reliable source of information. We hope it will be useful to you.

Relatives of William Shakespeare

Shakespeare, Richard (the date of life is unknown) - grandfather William on the paternal line. He was a farmer who lived in the village of Nontterfield and had two laid land. The village was four miles from Stratford, the city in which William was born. Richard Shakespeare rented land from Father Mary Arden, the future bride of his son John and Mother of the famous playwright. The second son of Richard was called Henry. Richard left the will of the will of 38 pounds of 17 shillings and 0 pence, which for its position and age was considered a modest sufficient. From time to time, he paid fines for the failure to appear in the court of the estate and for having troubled behind the cattle and kept a pig in the Yarma, but in the small community of Nontterfield he had a known weight. His friend in Stratford Thomas Evwood bequeathed him a few bulls.

Robert Arden (the date of life is unknown) - grandfather William on the maternal line. He was a rich landowner, he owned two farms and more than 150 acres of land. Robert Arden was essentially the most wealthy farmer and the largest landowner in Wilmkote (a place near Stratford-on-Avone). Preserved inventory of its possessions. Among them and the farmhouse in Nonterfield, where Richard Shakespeare lived with his family, and a house in Wilmkote. Robert had seven daughters, including Mary.

Shakespeare, Henry (date of birth unknown) - uncle WilliamJunior Brother John Shakespeare. He continued the family business and remained a farmer in Nonterfield: he rented the land for the farm in Nonterfield and in the neighboring parish. A little bit known about him. Henry was imposed a fine for attacking one of the close relatives - a husband of one of the sisters Mary Arden, and at eighty, he was excommunicated from the church for non-payment of tithing. He was also penalted for violation of the "Caps Act", in other words, he refused to wear a woolen hat on Sundays. He was fined many times for different misconduct and repeatedly put in prison for debts and offenses. Despite his reputation of an eternal insolvent debtor, Henry knew how to save money and take them. The witness present at his death showed that "in his chests there were many money"; The barns were also full grain and hay "for a large amount".

Arden, Mary. (Arden, Mary, 1608) - mother William, Junior daughter Robert Arden. He married John Shakespeare in 1557. From the whole of Rodni, she was left to a certain put on the Earth for the will of the Father: "The whole earth in Wilmkote, I call Esbis, and the whole harvest from her after Seva and Pahota." Mary was healthy and strong, gave birth to many children and survived to sixty eight years. Whether she knew a diploma, it is unknown, but its signature is clarified and even grace. In any case, to keep in the hands of the pen she knew how to. Mary Arden died in the last days of the summer of 1608, when William Shakespeare did not finish Coriolan, and on September 9, was buried in the parish church. She survived her husband and four children.

Khataui, Anna (Hathaway, Anne, 1555 (1556) -1623) - william's wife He married him on November 27, 1582. In marriage, she gave birth to three children - Suzanne and twins Gamnet and Judith. Anna was born in the family of landowners from Shanmeti - settlements, located near Stratford-on-Avon, but lived in Houlenda, the farmhouse of Elizabethan building. This house was bought by her brother, from the end of the XVIII century. He is known as the cottage Anna Khataui. She was the eldest daughter in the family, and she was concern for younger children. Anna was eight years older than William - in the year of marriage he was eighteen, she was twenty-six. This union was unusual: in the sixteenth century they married women under their own. We do not know whether Anna Khataui could read and write. It is unlikely that something could push it to learning, in any case, 90 percent of the female population of England of that time were illiterate. Anna was the time of marriage in the fourth month of pregnancy. At that time, the preching cohabitation was not unusual, the main thing was to hold the engagement rite, and the wedding could be postponed "for later." Their Stratford neighbors married the same way. The father left Anna Khatauway 6 pounds of 13 shillings and 4 pence - the amount equal to the annual earnings of the blacksmith or the butcher, which was quite enough for the dowry. A practically nothing is known about the relationships of Shakespeare with his wife. Apparently, Anna lived in Stratford, while William worked in London, although he did not leave his affairs in his hometown and probably came home from time to time. William moved to London almost immediately after the birth of twins, which pushed him into such a step to leave his family unknown. In his will, he almost neither did not mention his wife, but Anna Shakespeare was so had the right to a third of his property, and therefore there was no particular reasons to mention it in the official document, he took over one detail. The late thought added to the second version of the will sounds like this: "I leave my wife a second bed and other furniture." This detail was the cause of numerous discussions, in the center of which turned out to be a burning question: why Shakespeare did not leave his wife his "best" bed. In fact, the "best" bed in the house was usually intended for guests. The "second best bed" was the one who was used by a married couple, and rather everything to consider it as evidence of their union. According to the wording of one historian of culture, the marriage bed personified "marriage, marriage, self-perception" and was an "extremely important subject in the house." This bed, strictly speaking, could be a family value from the farm of the Khataui family in Shanmeti. The fact that he added this item to the will after additional meditation indicates its good intention. It is unlikely that he wanted to humiliate his wife at the last minute, although some playoffs of the playwright tend to consider it as a mock. It is quite interesting, however, that, mentioning his wife, he did not feel any need to use the traditional phrase "devotee" or "hot-love"; He did not need generally accepted sentimentality or did not love her. He also did not appoint his wife to his hearthone and instead left everything in his daughter's hands. Therefore, it can be assumed that Anna Shakespeare could be incapable by that time in some sense. Anna died on August 6, 1623 and buried in the church of St. Trinity next to her husband. The inscription on the tombstone says that she died "aged 67 years." This is the only preserved indication at the date of her birth.

Smarter than other women, but if only it!
Heaven worthy was the wisdom of good Mrs. Hall.
The first in it is from Shakespeare,
But the second is entirely from whom she is now
stay in bliss.
So really, passerby, you are a pity tears
Play the thing that cried with everyone?
Crying and still tried to encourage
Cardigo comfort.
Her love lives, her mercy lasts,
And you, passerby, do not be shed and tears.

Grandchildren Shakespeare

Both daughters of Shakespeare had children. One granddaughter Elizabeth presented the youngest daughter William Suzanne. Two grandchildren of Richard and Thomas presented the eldest, Judith Quini, unfortunately, her firstborn died in infancy (name unknown). Elizabeth was married twice, she did not have children, she died at the age of 68. Richard died at 21, Thomas in 19 years old, the reasons for their death are unknown.

Genealogical tree Shakespeare

Sources: books "Shakespeare. Biography »Peter Akreyda and Shakespearean Encyclopedia, as amended by Stanley Wells, with the participation of James Show (translated by A. Schulgata).

Copying this material in any form is prohibited. Link to the site is welcome. For all questions, contact: This email address is being protected from spam bots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view. This email address is being protected from spam bots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view. This email address is being protected from spam bots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view. or in

The exact date of the future of the future talented writer has not been preserved. They believe that he was born in Stratford-on-Avon in April 1564. It is known for certain that on April 26, it was painted in the local church. His childhood has passed in a large wealthy family, he was a third child among seven brothers and sisters.

Youthful time

Researchers of the life and creativity of Shakespeare suggest that he received their education first in the grammar school of Stratford, and then continued his studies at the King Eduard Sixth School. In the eighteenth age, he will acquire a family. His choices becomes a pregnant girl named Ann. In the family of the writer there were three children.

Life in London

At the 20th age, Shakespeare leaves his hometown, moves to London. There his life is not easy: to earn money, he is forced to agree on any work in the theater. Then you trust playing small roles. In 1603, his plays and Shakespeare became a co-owner of the troupe under the name "King's servant" appear on the scene of the theater. Later the theater gets the name "Globus", moves into a new building. William Shakespeare's material state becomes much better.

Literary activity

The first book of the writer was published in 1594. She brought him success, money and recognition. Despite this, the writer continues to work in the theater.

The literary work of Shakespeare can be divided into four periods.

At an early stage, he creates comedies and poems. At this time, they are written by such works as "two Veronea", "Taming of the Shrew", "Comedy of Errors".

Later, romantic works appear: "Sleeping in the summer night", "Venetian merchant".

The deepest philosophical books appear in the third period of his work. It was during these years that Shakespeare creates the play "Hamlet", Othello, "King Lire".

The last works of the Master are characterized by an honed syllable and elegant poetic skill. "Anthony and Cleopatra", "Coriolian" are the peak of poetic art.

Critic scores

An interesting fact is to assess the works of William Shakespeare critics. So Bernard Shaw considered Shakespeare an outdated writer compared to Ibsen. Lion Tolstoy repeatedly expressed doubt in the dramatic talent of Shakespeare. Nevertheless, the talent and the genius of the great classics are an indisputable fact. As the famous poet T. S. Eliot: "Shakespeare's plays will always be modern."

As part of a brief biography of Shakespeare, it is impossible to tell in detail about the life of the writer and analyze his works. In order to assess the identity and creative heritage, it is necessary to read the works and get acquainted with the works of literary criticism about the life and work of William Shakespeare.

The article tells about the brief biography of William Shakespeare - the famous English poet and playwright. The works of Shakespeare are included in the Golden Foundation of World Literature, his plays became a classic genre and do not go from the theater scene and in our time.
William Shakespeare was born in 1564. Information about his life is extremely scarce. It is known that his father belonged to the number of honorary citizens of the city of Stratford-on-Avon and was a major landowner. Shakespeare's mother belonged to the nobility. The boy received a low education, but thanks to him he began to understand Latin.
In 1582, Shakespeare married. The bride was significantly older than the groom and, as they believed, the marriage became the result of careless hobbies.

Shakespeare Brief Biography: Early Stage of Creativity

At the age of 23, already having three children, Shakespeare moves to London and is arranged to work as an actor. Already in two years, he becomes a member of the partnership and one of the owners of Blackfraeère theater. At this time, he decides to independently write plays for the repertoire of his own theater. Writing plays allegedly young Shakespeare was still engaged in his hometown. In London, Shakespeare is actively engaged in self-education, in particular, he studied French and Italian well. It helped him closer to get acquainted with the best works of foreign authors. Writings on unfamiliar languages \u200b\u200bShakespeare will know in translations.
The first sonnets and poems brought some fame to Shakespeare, but did not put forward him among the famous authors. The first works of Shakespeare ("Heinrich VI", "Pericles") were largely the imitation of the well-known dramas of the time. They are written in the framework of the maintenance of the Italian school. For her, fashionable, flowery style, spraying and naivety scenes were characteristic.
The comedy "fruitless efforts of love" is a transitional stage in the work of Shakespeare, in which he raises his previous techniques.

Shakespeare's brief biography: the middle stage of creativity

At the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. Shakespeare was written alone of his best works. This, above all, Romeo and Juliet, convincingly and brightly revealing the tragedy of strong love, which is molded by the force of rooted prejudice. In the "Venetian merchant" Shakespeare discovers a deep knowledge of the human soul, representing the main character of a complex figure that combines absolutely contradictory feelings. Other works of Shakespeare criticize pedigree prejudices, Puritan intolerance. Leaves the author aside and purely comedy genre ("a lot of noise from nothing").
Of great importance during this period are the historical dramas of Shakespeare from English history (Richard II, "Heinrich V" and others). The author appeals to real history and truthfully illuminates important historical moments through outstanding personalities, their mental state and internal struggle.
Ripe Stage of Creativity Shakespeare
Further dramaturgical activities began to bring Shakespeare significant income to which he was able to buy a house in his hometown. After a while, he increases his land ownership in Stratford and about 1608 moves back.
Shakespeare reaches maturity in his creative development and creates its immortal creations at this time. He deeply reveals the state of the human soul. The individuals of his heroes are infinitely diverse and represent the personification of various characters with a deep inner struggle. Shakespeare on the pages of their works transmit all the subtleties of human feelings: love and hatred, pride and contempt, jealousy and ungratefulness.
Among the ingenious works of this period "King Lire", "Hamlet", "Macbeth", drama from ancient history.
Relations with their theater Shakespeare does not interrupt, often visits London, takes his colleagues, sends his new works to the theater.
Shakespeare died in 1616 in his hometown. He entered the history of global and English drama. It was his activity that significantly strengthened the position of the British theater and allowed him to win him over the French theater. One of the main features of Shakespeare's creativity is its impartiality when depicting his heroes and their actions. The author loves people infinitely and does not divide the world on the right and guilty.