The elegant and merciless, causing the thrill and the horror of the Hero of numerous books and films Count Dracula ... Many know the history of the vampire, but not everyone knows that Dracula is a real historical personality, the National Hero of Romania, who is revered by local saints. His name is Vlad Chain. He lived in the XV century. And he walked down the valiant warrior, a merciless enemy of Turkish invaders.

The image of the vampire graph does not have almost nothing to do with the prototype, the Dracula, which really existed. In the Roman Stocker Dracula is represented by Transylvanian Graph from ancient searline clan, the castle of which was located near the small postal town of Bystrica for the Borgo Gorge. No less fantastic assertions that the Saxons lived only in the north of Transylvania, and Valahi - exclusively in the south, that the region, where the Bystrica is located, borders with Bukovina, and the Tribes of the Ugrome inherited the martial spirit of Icelanders! All this is a testimony of the complete ignorance of the author, who, possessing the undoubted literary talent, did not give himself a difficulty to study the history of the country that was going to write. Of course, "Dracula" is not a documentary study, but an artistic novel, but, unfortunately, most readers perceive the facts outlined by the Stroker as a real story. In fact, Transylvania was never an independent state, but was part of the Hungarian kingdom, the Bystrica is not a postal place at all, but one of the largest cities in the region, one of the seven, which was given the name of the edge - Zibenburgen, or Semigrad. Borgo is not a gorge, but a big mountain failure; Saxons settled the whole south of Transylvania. And finally, the Count Dracula was not a graph, but Volari Valahio and by nationality by Valah.
But, as you know, there is no smoke without fire. Something in the biography of Vlad Charechean attracted a writer and many researchers. Yes, the past of this person hides a lot of gloomy mysteries. Last lifetime, walked amazing and terrible legends. Once a foreign merchant who came to Valachia discovered that his wallet disappeared. He complained to the governor, he found a thief and planted him on a count, and the merchant, by order of the chain, threw the wallet, where it was one more coin. Recalling the money and finding surplus, the merchant appealed to the governor again, and he said with a laugh: "Well done, I would not admit it - I would sit on Coke next to the thief." Another legend tells how Vlad Chapes ended up with poverty: he convened the beggars and whiskers in the house, fed the fellowship and asked if they would like to get rid of earthly suffering. Having received an affirmative answer, the chains closed the doors and windows in the house and set it up.
There is a story about the mistress, who tried to deceive the voivod, saying about pregnancy. Vlad did not believe and warned that he would not tolerate lies. When the woman began to insist, the chains of the stomach and shouted to her and shouted: "I said that I would not suffer cheating!"
In the annals, it is also encountered a terrible and least believable of all existing legends that Dracula loved breakfast at the place of execution or on the battlefield. He ate, watching the torment dying.
There is also a myth that the golden bowl was stood in the capital of Valahiya at the Fountain. Anyone could come and get drunk out of it, but no one bold steal. Another document is told about the story of the chapter of Turkish ambassadors, who did not want to shoot hats before him, commonly wearable under the turban. Environmental disrespect, challenge ordered to nail the arms with nails to the head. These and dozens of other terrible fairy tales about Dracula enjoyed extraordinary popularity in the people. By the way, Romanian peasants belonged to a cruel, but fair ruler with respect and admiration. In those days, the easiest people were insensitive to cruel. The harsh temple of Dracula was considered more advantageous than the disadvantage, therefore, in oral legends about Vlad, the horrors were prayed for horrors. It is not surprising that Bram "Stop, who wrote a novel about vampires, had to like the idea of \u200b\u200busing the name of Dracula, the reputation of which was quite suitable for the flavor of the work. Roman came out in 1897 and almost immediately became a bestseller.
Why was the real life of the governor and gentlemen of Valahia was forgotten and he became known to the world as a cunning bloodthirsty vampire who destroyed thousands of people? In order to find the reasons for the myths and legends of the cruel bloodflower, back in six centuries ago and follow the life path of this extraordinary, an amazing person, or, according to some, the son of the devil in human court. The real name of Dracula - Vlad - was given to him with baptism. The founder of the genus in which Vlad was born, was Basarab, the son of Tatar, the famous because he managed, although not for long, to achieve independence of the Sudenha Valahia from the Hungarian kingdom.
The father of Dracula, as evidenced by the chronicle, also wore the name Vlad and was the younger - illegal - the son of Mircean I, which for the sake of maintaining peace with the king Sigismund gave him hostage. But after death in 1418, Father, and then the Vlad Brothers remained the only heir to Valahia. At that time, he was still a "guest" of the king and, living in Nuremberg, joined the degree of the dragon and commanded to portray the dragon even on the coins, although the image on the coins was considered sacred, why, by the way, fake and punishchors are so cruel.
The date of birth of the Son, Vlad II, to establish exactly failed - the chronicles indicate dates between 1428 and 1431. Built at the beginning of the XV century. The house on a blacksmith street in the town of Sigishoara is considered to be the place where Vlad Chain saw the light, because his father lived here - Vlad Dracul. The son immediately received the nickname Dracula - "The Son of the Devil". Therefore, many contemporaries believed that this family had to do with witchcraft and blacklock.
In 1442, Vlad Dracul with the sons of Vlad and Radulu went to Turkey. Apparently, this trip and became the starting point with which the bloody path of Dracula began.
In order to provide regular payments to Dani, which Valahia paid silver and forest, as well as the humility of the Lord of the region, Sultan demanded to leave the sons hostages. Together with several other hurried young men - Bosnians, Serbs, Hungarians - Vlad spent about ten years in Adrianopol as a "guest".
There are many sophisticated executions of the Muslim Muslim Middle Ages, and even reading eyewitness evidence scary. And the young Vlad, day after day, witnessed these terrible spectacles, realizing that it could well be one day to be at the sacrifice. Here is the most bright episode that the captive witnessed.
The hospitable Turks were grown for the table of noble "guests" the most familiar vegetables, but one day it was found that several cucumbers disappeared from the bed. Find out who stole vegetables, Vizier could not - no one saw the thief. As suspicion of rare delicacy fell on gardeners, a simple solution was made: to see what is in their stomachs. Such an unusual way of inquiry gave results - in the fifth cut stomach, slices of cucumber were found. The guilty cut off his head, the rest was allowed to try to survive. Perfectly heard Vlad and about Sultansky mercy. When the despot of Serbia Brankovich raised the uprising, he obscure this to the death of two sons - hostages. The boys led to the foot of the throne, and Sultan Murad announced that in his endless grace gives prisoners life. By the sign of the ruler, the Yanychar-bodyguard "just" blinded both brothers. The word "mercy" in relation to this case was used quite seriously, without any irony or mockery. As for the favorite Turks of execution on Coke, then without her day without it. What flour experienced a twelve-year-old teenager, who saw how blood shed every day, it is difficult to imagine. The impressions tested by Vlad for the years of captivity, washed blood rivers, turned out to be decisive in the formation of the nature of the future of the governor and the Lord of Valahia. It was possible to survive in a bloody hell with only one way - to hide their feelings, and he mastered this art perfectly.
In 1452, Vlad returned to his native land and soon took the Valash throne. However, the boyars were not interested in centralized strong power. They were quite satisfied with the dominacy of the Turk, because the governors of Sultan did not attend the privileges of ancient birth, but only demanded a timely payment of Dani. Nobody wanted to quarrel with the Sultan. To keep power and save your own life, Vlad Dracula led the ruthless struggle with the boyars.
On the occasion of some holiday, Vlad invited in Tirgovist almost all Valash to know. About 500 boyars arrived, because they did not want to clearly demonstrate to the new ruler distrust or hostility. Yes, and the number of invited, as it seemed to them, guaranteed security. Judging by the records in the chronicles, the day was luxurious. By legend, the chalk asked how many rulers remember each of them. It turned out that even the youngest of them remembers at least seven reigns. The answer to the chain was attempted to put an end to this order: on the orders of the owner, the guests were planted on the count, did not have time to sneak. The problem of the "internal enemy" was solved forever.
The turn was struggling with the Turks. Hate to them former captive was huge. Vlad sought to show his teachers that he learned well all the lessons that followed him. Sultan sent a punitive detachment against the rebel, but the Turks themselves fell into the trap and surrendered. The prisoners took off in the Tyrgovist and publicly executed, putting on the stakes - everyone to one day - within one day. For Turkish Agi, commanded a detachment, a stake was harvested with a golden tip.
The enraged Sultan moved a huge army on the Valahius. But the Lord was ready for this. Not trusting aristocrats, Vlad gained an army from commoners who personally devoted them to the knights. He signed the Alliance with Hungary. Pope Pipe II promised to give money to war with Ottomans. However, when the Turks troops approached Valahia, the allies threw the Dracula one on one with the enemy. Here Dracula showed the talent of the commander. Understanding that in open battle, he is doomed to defeat, Vlad allowed the Turks to capture the capital of the principality and began the partisan war. In history, he entered his famous "night raid" to the sultan camp - Vlad with 7,000 soldiers attacked at the enemy's mill, destroyed about 15,000 Turks and broke into the tent of Sultan himself. Frightened, the enemy hastily left the Valahius, leaving the beautiful pleasant instead of himself. The decisive battle occurred in 1461, when the people's militia of Vlada defeated the Turks a crushing defeat. However, at 14 62, Dracula was forced to flee to Hungary, giving way to Valachia to his "Turkish" brother Radunul. According to numerous legends, the last refuge of Dracula in Valahiya was the castle of po7. To achieve his gate, you need to overcome the rise of 1500 steps. Poena castle allegedly built the priced Dracula boyars. He lured them for lunch, and then he drove into the mountains, where they built a castle from river stones. Myths argue that it was here that Dracula kept the defense and lost his beloved wife, the beauty of Elizabeth. She preferred death with dishonor and rushed from the tower into the river. Dracula fled through the underground move and disappeared in Hungary. The Hungarian King Matthias was not going to join the struggle against the Turks, much more he wanted to keep money in his treasury allocated by dad to war. And all the blame for failure in the fight against Osmans, he dumped into Dracula, who captured. It was during this period that the chronicles suddenly began to paint the cruelty and sadism of Dracula, which was exactly the legends of his unfortunate cruelty and love for bloodshed. Vlad spent in imprisonment for about 12 years and was released, only married to Matyas's cousin. True, some chronicles believed that the king would not give sister for the prisoner and Vlad was released after four years, he lived as a guest and accepted Catholicism. This fact also gave rise to the Orthodox faith in what Vlad became a vampire. Many legends say that, being in captivity, Dracula was confused by the fact that, for the absence of human victims, sled on the count of rats, mice and birds. They also reported that rats and mice he caught himself, and Birds were bought at his request in the bazaar. Money in the capture of Dracula earned a tailoring craft! But the chronicles and chronicles refute these gloomy speculations. All this is not whiter than legend. What was really? Vyrahsedsky castle, where Vlad was sharpened, in those days called "paradise earth". There were luxury halls, gardens, fountains, even a library and a playground for knightly tournaments. Using all these amenities, Dracula with his wife and children lived in the five-story "Solomon Tower". Also in the chronicles there are evidence that at the time of the invasion of the Turks to Valachia Vlad was already married to Cousin Matias, who was in full security at the courtyard of Brother. She was not in the poeraska castle, she did not rush anywhere and had already given in his captivity Vlad Sonov. The story of the children of the chain from Kirillo-Belozerskoy manuscript shows that the eldest son of Dracula Mikhn was illegitimate. This means that Vlad could have a wedded wife. Her Vlad, of course, could not send to Hungary and, most likely, hid in the castle of po7. Yes, and the castle was precipitated, was not in the presence of a shamefully fucked chain, and after Vlad was taken into custody Matyash and could not return to the aid of his defenders.
By the period of stay in Hungary, the description of the external appearance of Vlad was found in chronographs, made by one of the ambassadors, who personally saw the Dracula at the royal court. It draws a chain as a person of low growth, but strong addition. Its features were blooming and rude, a gentle face skin, a large eagle nose, inflated nostrils, very long eyelashes, green, widely opened eyes, lush black, fell forthward eyebrows, big mustache. This corresponds to a well-known portrait of Dracula. As you can see, while in Europe there were legends about the bloodthirsty vampire Dracula, nothing in his appearance indicated similarity with vampires.
Having accumulated forces, in 1476 Vlad mad Walachia at his brother, but his position remained very weak. The boyars restored their power, and when the Turks opposed Dracula, he managed to collect only 4,000 people. With such an army, he was doomed to defeat. There are several versions of his death. One - he was killed by the boyars who switched to the side of Sultan. Finding the body of the chain, the boyars gave him into pieces and scattered around. Later, the monks from the Singha Monastery gathered the remains and betrayed them.
On another, more common, version, Dracula fell in battle with the Turks - and one of his own soldiers in his back. The Turks cut off the Dracula head, mothballed her in honey and put it on the wall of Istanbul in proof that their cruel enemy is really dead. Another version argues that Sultan sent a killer to Dracula.
The version that Vlad was a servant-Turk - an agent who enjoyed the full confidence of the Lord, unlikely. Dracula was too experienced and careful to trust someone disgracelessly. The only explanation of the fact that the Turk was located in front of the battle, is to obtain information about the opponent in the captive. It is unlikely that the prisoner was left unattended in such a situation and, moreover, they gave the opportunity to get weapons.
There is a detailed description of the death of Vlad. It indicates that the chains one rose to the top of the hill to inspect the battlefield, and the Valaash fighters were attacked by him, accepting for the Turk. Dracula really dressed as the Turk, but was not so great was his squad, so that someone from warriors did not remember this, and in general - did not recognize his commander in any clothes.
Other historians argue that the attack on Vlad during the battle was intended. This is the most likely version. Dracula had many enemies among the boyars, and they knew perfectly well that Vlad was very well guarded and could only get to him during the battle when he had less concerned about his own security.
Many myths walk about the grave of Vlad Charechez. Traditions tell that the grave is empty that local residents who are afraid of the Vampire Dracula, as he is buried alive in it.
In 1932, the real grave of the chain was found and was investigated by the Archaeologist Rossetti. She is located in a Shinga monastery, under the floor of the church. During the life of Dracula actually contained this monastery and on all canons was supposed to be buried here. According to the stories of the monks, the chain was buried at the royal gates, so that the priest, which hesitated the Holy Gifts, each time traveled the legs of the bloodthirsty monster. The explanation is clearly invented much later, because at that time no one would have thought to defile benefactor's grave, and the place near the altar was honorable and served as a worthy grave sovereign.
At the beginning of a last century, not too competent bishops ordered to destroy the frescoes with the image of Dracula, and in 1815 the grave in SNAGE was defiled: the inscription from the tombstone was shot down. During World War II, the monastery was several times on the front line and grave plates were partially broken and confused, and this significantly complicated the task of archaeologists - it turned out to find the right grave very hard. The burial near the altar turned out to be empty. But the remains of Vlad were found under another slab, located opposite the honorary place, right outside the entrance to the church. This situation could be caused by the desire of the Lord to hide the real burial place.
The body completely extermined, scattered not only bones, which does not make it possible to find out whether the body has a head, but also precious stones in the rims. Gold, silver and faience and faience ornaments are preserved, some details. On top of the total there was a thick layer of rust - obviously, the remains of the weapon laid in the coffin. The identity of the chain was able to identify on indirect signs: in terms of the details of the costume consistent with the era and with his position, in accordance with the place of burial, the legends, on the neck of the decoration - a wreath of faience and silver flowers, decorated with grenades, subsequently identified as a prize for victory in the tournament . It is known that Dracula loved to participate in contests and could get such a trophy. The dead man was very carefully, respectively, the entire inconsistency of the allegations becomes clear that the body of the chain was cut into pieces and they were collected in parts and buried in the clothes in which he fought. It seems that a woman took part in the organization of the funeral. This is evidenced, in particular, found under the remnants of the clothes the bag, obviously hanging on the neck, in which the female ring with a non-preserved stone was. Comparatively recently, the media appeared in the media that the Americans want to clone Dracula in order to find out if he was really a vampire. However, the remains found by Rossetti cannot give material to carry out such an experiment.
All that we learned about Dracula, suggests that he was an outstanding person, wise commander and a prominent politician. Has he hero or Tiran? An unambiguous answer is difficult to give. Most likely, both to others. He ruled by an iron hand, the enemies destroyed with sophisticated cruelty, and with the invaders of his native land, it was painted so that the Turks themselves became nauseous. And at the same time, considering the morals and customs of the Middle Ages, such a behavior was unlikely unusual. The relative of Dracula, Moldavian Prince Stefan, planted two thousand people on 18, but entered the story under the nicknames "Great" and "Saint". The terrible reputation of the Dracula is the result of intrigues and tracks of its numerous enemies and envious. Vlad was only a bit more cruel than the time in which he happened to live.
Dracula did not interrupted by the death of Vlad. Its descendants live in our time, and no deviations are noticed in their lives and behavior, especially since the thrust to drink human blood.

Few names plunged more fear in the human heart than the Count Dracula. The legendary vampire Vlad Chapes, created by the author of Bramochka Stroker in his novel of the 1897 novel, inspired countless horror films, television shows and other bloody stories about vampires.

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Although Dracula is a purely fictional creation, Stoker called him a shameful character of a real man who had a flavor to blood: Vlad III, Prince of Valahia or, as he is more famous, Vlad Chain. The painful nickname is evidence of the beloved way to leave the Valash Prince from enemies.

According to historians who studied the connection between the vampires of the Stocker and Vlad III, there is nothing in common with Dracula.

Count Dracula: Real Story

By and large, Vlad Chapes (Vlad II) was born in 1431 in the current Transylvania, the central region of modern Romania. However, the relationship between Vlad Trene and Transylvania is steadily, according to Florin Kertet, a professor of medieval history and archeology at the University of Florida.

"Dracula [Stoker] is associated with Transylvania, but the real historical Dracula - Vlad III - never owned anything in Transylvania," said Kurt in Living Science. She added that Bran-Cassle, a modern tourist attraction in Transylvania, which is often referred to as the Castle of Dracula, has never been a residence of Prince-Wallashi.

"As the castle is located in the mountains in this foggy area, and it looks frightening, this is what could be expected from the castle of Dracula," Kurt said. "But he [Vlad III] and did not live there, he didn't even step back there."

Vlad III Father, Vlad II, had a residence in Sigishoare, Transylvania, but not sure that Vlad III was born there, according to Curt. It was also possible, she said that Vlad Chareneb was born in Targovishte, who at that time was the royal place of the Principality of Valahia, where his father was "governor" or the ruler.

Tourists can visit one castle, where Vlad III, definitely spent time. In about 12 years, Vlad III and his brother were imprisoned in Turkey. In 2014, archaeologists discovered the probable dungeon location, according to Smithsonian magazine. Tokatsky castle is located in the north of Turkey. This is a terrible place with secret tunnels and dungeons that are currently under restoration and are open to the public.

Order of the Dragon

In 1431, King Sigismund Hungary, who later became the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, introduced senior Vlad in the Knight's Order, the Order of the Dragon. This designation brought Vlad new name: Dracul. The name happened from the old Romanian word for the dragon, Draco. His Son, Vlad III, will later be known as the "son of Dracula" or, in the Old Romanian, Draculae, from here Dracula. In the modern Romanian, the word "Drak" refers to another terrible creature - the devil, said Kurt.

According to "Dracula: A feeling and nonsense" Elizabeth Miller, in 1890 I read the book about Valahia. Although he did not mention Vlad III, Stoker was struck by the word "Dracula". He wrote in his notes: "The devil means on Valahsky." Therefore, it is likely that Stroker decided to call his hero Dracula for the Devil's Associations of this word.

The theory that Vlad III and Dracula were the same person were developed and popularized by Historians Rada Florescu and Raymond T. McNaley in their book of 1972 "Looking for Dracula." According to The New York Times, although he was not adopted by all historians, the thesis took public imagination.

The Order of the Dragon was dedicated to the only task: the defeat of the Turkish or Ottoman Empire. Located between the Christian Europe and the Muslim lands of the Ottoman Empire, the Princely Principality of Wanda II (and later Vlad III) was often the place of bloody battles, when Ottoman forces moved to the West to Europe, and Christian forces reflected the invaders.

Years of captivity

When Vlad II was summoned to a diplomatic meeting in 1442 with the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, he brought his young sons of Vlad III and Rada. But the meeting was actually a trap: all three were arrested and were hostages. The Senior Vlad was released, provided he would leave his sons.

"Sultan kept Vlad and his brother as hostages so that their Father, Vlad II introduced his strength in the ongoing war between Turkey and Hungary," said Miller, a historian of research and an honorary professor at the Newfoundland Memorial University in Canada.

Under Osmans, Vlad and his younger brother studied science, philosophy and art. Vlad was also a qualified rider and warrior, according to Rada Florescu and Rimon McNale, former professors of history in the Boston College, who wrote several books about Vlad III, as well as his intended connection with Dracula Stoker - in the 1970s and 1980s.

"They relate to them quite well according to the current standards of that time," Miller said. Nevertheless, [captivity] annoyed Vlad, whereas his brother seemed to agree and moved to the Turkish side. But Vlad kept enmity, and I think it was one of his motivating factors to combat the Turks for holding him in captivity. "

Count Vlad Trenesh

While the Count Vlad Chapes and Rada Chapere were in Ottoman hands, the father of Vlad struggled to preserve his place of Volarifier Valahia, a fight, which he eventually loses. In 1447, Vlad II was issued as a ruler of Valahi by local nobles (boyars) and was killed in swamps near Belteni, halfway between Targoviste and Bucharest in modern Romania. Senior Common Brother Vlad, Mircha, was killed with his father.

Shortly after these painful events, in 1448, Count Vlad undertook a campaign to restore the place of his father from the new ruler of Vladislav II. According to Curt, his first attempt of the throne relied on military support for the Ottoman rulers of cities along the Danube River in the north of Bulgaria. Vlad also took advantage of the fact that Vladislav was absent at that time, going to the Balkans to fight with Osmans for the Governor of Hungary at the time of John Hunyadi.

Vlad played the place of his father, but his time as the ruler of Valahia was short. According to Curt, he was overthrown in just two months later, when Vladislav Ii returned and took the throne of Valahia with the help of Hunyadi.

Little is known about the location of Vlad III between 1448 and 1456. But it is known that he moved to the side of the Ottoman-Hungarian conflict, abandoning his connections with the Ottoman rulers of the city of Danube and having received military support from the King of Hungary Vadislava V, who did not like the rival Vladislav II from Valahia - according to Curt.

The political and military policy of Vlad III really went to the fore among the fall of Constantinople in 1453. After the fall, Ottomans were able to invade all Europe. Vlad, who has already strengthened his anti-Isian position, was proclaimed Volari's Volario in 1456. One of his first cases in his new role was to stop the annual tribute to the Ottoman Sultan - a measure that previously provided the world between Valahia and Osmans.

To strengthen its power as a ruler, Vlad Chapes had to suppress the incessant conflicts that historically occurred between the boyars of Valahia. According to the legends that applied after his death, Vlad invited hundreds of these boyars on the banquet and, knowing that they would challenge his authority, forced their guests to stack them, and still twitching bodies pierced the spikes.

This is just one of many terrible events that Vlad Challenge has earned his posthumous nicknamed Dracula. According to Miller, this story - and other similar to it - are imprinted in printed materials since the board of Vlad III.

"In the 1460s and 1470s, immediately after the invention of the printing machine, many of these stories about Vlad were circulated orally, and then they were collected by different people in pamphletes and printed," Miller said.

Miller added that these stories are not fully correct or significantly decorated. In the end, many of those who printed brochures were hostile to Vlad III. But some of the pamphlets of that time tell almost the same terrible news about Vlad, forcing Miller to believe that the fairy tales at least partially historically accurately. Some of these legends were also collected and published in the book "Tale of Dracula" in 1490 by a monk who presented Vlad III as a cruel, but a fair ruler.

Vlad Vlanda Chapere over the invaders of the Ottoman Empire was noted in the whole of Valahia, Transylvania and the rest of Europe - even Pope II was impressed.

"The reason for which he is a positive character in Romania is that he is believed to be fair, albeit a very harsh ruler," Kurt said.

Death Vlad

Soon after the liberation of Ottomans of prisoners of war in August 1462, Vlad was forced to flee to Hungary, failing to defeat his much more powerful opponent Mehmet II. Vlad was imprisoned for a number of years during his expulsion, although at the same time he married and had two children.

The younger brother of Vlad, Rada, who stood on the side of Osmans during the ongoing military campaigns, took over the management of Valachia after the brother's conclusion. But after death, Rada in 1475, local boyars, as well as the rulers of several nearby principalities, spoke for the return of Vlad to power.

In 1476, with the support of Voivod Moldavia, Stephen III of the Great (1457-1504), Vlad undertook the last effort to restore his place as the ruler of Valahia. He successfully stole the throne, but his triumph was short-lived. Later, in the same year, having passed another battle with Osmans, Vlad and a small avant-garde soldiers were in ambush, and Vlad was killed.

There are many disputes about the location of the grave of Vlad III. It is said that he was buried in the monastery church in Singy, on the North Territory of the modern city of Bucharest, in accordance with the traditions of his time. But recently, historians questioned whether Vlad could really be buried in the Koman Monastery, between Bucharest and Duna, who is close to the intended location of the battle, in which Vlad was killed, according to Kerta.

One thing that can be said for sure: unlike the Count of Dracula Stocker, Vlad II is definitely dead. Only painful stories about his years as the ruler of Valahia continue to pursue the modern world.

Vlad Chareneb was born in about 1429 or 1431 (the exact date of appearance on the light, like death, historians unknown). He took place from the kind of bashars. His father, Vlad II Dracul, was the Valash Lord and rules in the territory of modern Romania. The mother's mother was Moldovan Princess Vasilika.

Family and famous nickname

Vlad III Sigishoare in the Transylvanian city of Sigisoara held the first seven years of his life. At the house of his family was located a mint. It was minted with gold coins on which the dragon was depicted. For this, Vlad Father (and later he himself received the nickname "Dracul". In addition, he was enrolled in the Dragon Order, created by the Hungarian King of Sigismund I. In the youth, the son was also called "Dracul", but later this form has changed to the better known - "Dracula". The word itself belongs to the Romanian language. It can also be translated as the Devil.

In 1436, Vladova Vlad became the ruler of Valahia and transported the family to the then capital of the Principality of Targovishte. Soon the boy had a younger brother - Rada is beautiful. Then the mother died, and his father married the second time. In this marriage, another brother Dracula was born, Vlad Monk.

Childhood

In 1442, Vlad III challenges turned out to be in the run. His father quarreled with the Hungarian ruler Janus Hunyadi. The influential monarch decided to put on the Valash Throne of his golden Basarab II. Understanding the limitations of your own forces, the parent of Dracula went to Turkey, where he was going to ask for help from the Mighty Sultan Murat II. It was then his family and disappeared from the capital, so as not to get caught in the hands of Hungarian supporters.

Several months have passed. Spring has come 1443. Vlad I will agreed with Turkish Sultan and returned to his homeland with a powerful Ottoman army. This army displaced Basaraba. The Hungarian ruler did not even resist this coup. He was preparing for the upcoming cross campaign against the Turks and rightly considered that it was necessary to deal with the Valahia only after the victory over his main opponent.

War Hunyadi ended the battle at Varna. The Hungars suffered a crushing defeat in it, King Vladislav was killed, and Janos himself had fallen with a battlefield. Negotiations followed the world. Turks on the rights of winners could impose their requirements. The political situation has changed dramatically, and the father of Dracula decided to move back to Sultan. Murat agreed to become the patron of the Valash State University, however, to make sure of his loyalty, demanded to send valuable hostages to Turkey. As they were chosen 14-year-old Vlad Dracula and 6-year-old Rada.

Osmanan life

Dracula spent four years in Turkey (1444-1448). Traditionally it is believed that it was during this period its character underwent irreversible changes. Returning to his homeland, Vlad Dracula has become a completely different person. But what could cause these changes? The opinions of the biographers of the Valash Republic of Lord divided into this account.

Some historians argue that in Turkey, Dracula was forced to accept Islam. Torture could really negatively affect the psyche, but there is not a single testimony in trustworthy sources. It is also assumed that the chapere survived severe stress due to the habitation of the heir to the Ottoman throne Mehmed to his brother Rada. The historian of Greek origin Laonik Khalkokondil wrote about this connection. However, according to the source, these events took place at the beginning of the 1450s. When the Dracula has already returned home.

Even if the first two hypotheses and truthful, then truly Vlad III challenge changed after he learned about the murder of his own father. The Lord of Valahia died in the fight against the Hungarian king. By sending sons to Turkey, he hoped that the world would finally come in his country. But in fact, the flywheel of the war between Christians and Muslims was only unwound. In 1444, the Hungarians again went to the crusade against the Turks and again suffered defeat. Then Janos Hunyadi attacked Valachia. Father Dracula was executed (he cut off his head), and in his place the ruler of Hungary was planted the next His goldenman - Vladislav II. With the elder brother Vlad, they dealt even more severely (he was buried alive).

Soon the news about what happened Turkey reached. Sultan gathered the Terrible Army and broke the Hungarians in the battle on the Kosovo field. Osmanas contributed to the fact that in 1448 Vlad III chapere returned to his homeland and became a Valash Prince. As a sign of the grace of Sultan, Idaril Dracula horses, money, magnificent clothes and other gifts. Rada stayed to live with the Turkish yard.

Short board and expulsion

The first Valash Board of Dracula lasted only two months. During this time, he managed only to start investigating the circumstances of the murder of his relatives. Romanian Prince found out that his father betrayed his own boyars, which at the crucial moment were transferred to the Highrama, for which the new power began to showered them with various Milosts.

In December 1448, Dracula had to leave the capital of Valahia Targovishte. After the defeat, Hunyadi announced a campaign against the chain. The Army of the Lord was too weak for the successful resistance of the Highrama. Soberly assessing the situation, Dracula disappeared into Moldova.

This small country is as well as Valahia, managed by its princes. The rules of Moldova, who did not possess significant forces, were forced to agree to the Polish or Hungarian influence. Two neighboring states struggled with each other for the right to be tinsen of a small principality. When Dracula donkey in Moldova, the Polish party was in power there, which guaranteed him security. The overthrown Lord of Valahia remained in the neighboring principal, until in 1455, a supporter of Hungarians and Janos Hunyadi Peter Aron was apprusted on the throne.

Return to power

Fearing to be issued to his sworn enemy, Dracula went to Transylvania. There, he began to collect the people's militia, in order to re-occupy the Valash Throne (at which the Millennik of Hungary Vladislav was again located again.

In 1453, the Turks captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. The fall of Tsargrad again aggravated the conflict between Christians and Ottomans. Catholic monks appeared in Transylvania, who began to gain volunteers in a new crusade against the wrong. All other than Orthodox were taken to the sacred war (they, in turn, went to the army to the chains).

Dracula in Transylvania hoped that Valash Prince Vladislav would also go to liberate Constantinople, which would make it easier for his task. However, this did not happen. Vladislav was frightened by the appearance of Transylvanian militia at its borders and remained in Targov. Then Dracula seen spies to Valash Boyars. Some of them agreed to support the applicant and help him with the state coup. In August 1456, Vladislav was killed, and the chain was proclaimed by the Lord of Valahia for the second time.

Shortly before that Turk, the War of Hungary was announced and besieged belonging to her Belgrade. The fortress managed to escape. The crusade, which was supposed to complete the liberation of Constantinople, turned towards Belgrade. And although the Turks were stopped, the plague epidemic began in the Christian army. For nine days before coming to power, Dracula in the Valahia, his opponent Janos Hunyadi died in Belgrade died of this terrible disease.

Prince and know

The new board of Vlad in Valahia began with the execution of Boyar, those perpetrators of the death of his brother and father. Aristocrats were invited to the feast, dedicated to the Easter holiday. There they declared a deadly sentence.

According to the legend, right during the solemn feast of Dracula asked the boyars with him, how many Valash rulers they found alive. None of the guests could call less than seven names. The question was sinister and symbolic. The incredible teaching of the rulers in Valahia spoke only about one thing: know here is ready to betray his prince at any time. Dracula could not allow this. He took the throne recently, his position was still running. To entrenched the power of the power and demonstrate its determination, he spent demonstrative executions.

Although the Lordar was unpleasant to know, he could not get rid of her completely. With the chain, there was a council from 12 people. Every year the ruler tried to update the composition of this organ as much as possible to include him quite loyal people.

Dracula possessions

The primary task of Vlad on the throne was to deal with the tax system. Valahia paid tribute to Turkey and the authorities required a stable income. The problem was that after the desire of the Dracula on the throne from Valahia in Transylvania, the main treasurer of the principality was fled. He took with him the register - the collection, which contained all the data on taxes, serves, villages and cities of the state. Because of this loss, the first time the principality experienced financial problems. The next treasurer managed to find only in 1458. The new cadastre required to restore the tax system was prepared for three years.

On the territory owned by Dracula, there were 2100 villages and 17 more cities. At that time, the population was not held. Nevertheless, historians with secondary data managed to restore the approximate number of prince. The population of Valahia was about 300 thousand people. The digit is modest, but in medieval Europe, demographic growth is practically not observed. The regular epidemics prevented, and the draracula was particularly rich in the bloody events.

The largest ceremony ceremonies were Targovishte, Kompulung and Kurti de Arzh. They were the actual capitals - there were princely courtyards there. Also, the Valaxian Lord owned a profitable Danube ports, which controlled Europe and Black Sea trade (Kilia, Breile).

As mentioned above, the quantity of Dracula was replenished mainly at the expense of taxes. Valahia was rich in cattle, grain, salt, fish, winery. In dense forests, which occupied half the territory of this country, a lot of game lived. From the east, it was delivered rare for the rest of Europe spices (saffron, pepper), fabrics, cotton and silk.

Foreign policy

In 1457, the Valash army went with war to the Transylvanian city of Sibiu. The initiator of the campaign was Vlad III chains. The story of Tuman's campaign. Dracula accused the city's inhabitants in the fact that they helped Huniadi and quarrel him with the younger brother Vlad Monk. Leaving the land of Sibiu, the Valash Lord went to Moldova. There he helped to go to the throne to his long-lasting Comrade Stefan, who supported the Dracula back during his expulsion.

All this time, the Hungarians did not stop their attempts to reiterate Romanian provinces. They supported the applicant by the name of Dan. This rival Dracula donkey in the Transylvanian city of Brasov. Soon there were detained Valash merchants, and their products were confiscated. In letters, the first meets mention that Dracula loved to resort to cruel torture of planting on the count. It was from her that he got his nickname chain. From Romanian language, this word can be translated as a "ringer".

The conflict of Dana and Dracula aggravated in 1460. In April, the army of the two rulers met in a bloody battle. Valash Lord won a convincing victory. As an edge of enemies, he ordered to plant the enemy's dead soldier. In July, Dracula took control of the important city of Fagarash, who had previously occupied supporters of Dana.

In the fall, the embassy from Brasov arrived in Valahia. He was accepted by Vlad III chains. Prince Castle became the signing of a new peace treaty. The document was applied not only to Brasovans, but also to all sequons in Transylvania. Captured from both sides got freedom. Dracula promised to join the union against the Turks threatened by Hungary's possessions.

War with Ottomans

Since Romania was Romania, Dracula was Orthodox. He actively supported the church, gave her money and defended her in every way. A new monastery of the Koman was built on the means of the prince near Jurju, as well as the temple in Tyrgshore. Gave the chains of money and the Greek church. He sacrificed Athos and other Orthodox monasteries in the country captured by the Turks.

Vlad III chains, whose biography, in the period of the second board, was so closely connected with the church, could not fail against Christian hierarchs who were convinced of the authorities in any European country to fight against the Turks. The first sign of the new Anti-Isian Course was a contract with Transylvanian cities. Gradually, Dracula became increasingly inclined to the need for war with incorrect. His Metropolitan Macarius diligently pushed him at this idea.

It was impossible to fight with the Sultan forces of one professional army. In the poor Romania, a sufficient number of people simply did not live in order to equip an army as tremendous as it was considered the Turks. That is why chains armed the townspeople and peasants, creating a whole popular militia. Dracula in Moldova managed to get acquainted with such a country defense system.

In 1461, Valash, the Lord decided that he had enough resources to conversate with the Sultan on an equal footing. He refused to pay Ottomans tribute and began to prepare for the invasion. The invasion really took place in 1462. The army included the army of up to 120 thousand people, led to Mehmed II, entered the magician.

Dracula did not give the Turks to spend the war in his scenario. He organized a partisan struggle. Valash troops attacked the Ottoman army in small detachments - at night and suddenly. Such a strategy cost Turks 15 thousand lives. Moreover, chain fought according to the tactics of the scorched land. His partisans destroyed any infrastructure that could be useful to interventions on a foreign land. They were not forgotten and so favorite Dracula execution - planting on a stake was a terrible man of the Turks. As a result, Sultan had to be removed from the Valahia with nothing.

Death

In 1462, shortly after the end of the war with the Ottoman Empire, the Dracula was betrayed by Hungarians who had deprived him of the throne and planted a neighbor in the dungeon for the whole twelve years. Formally, the chains ended up in prison on charges of cooperation with Ottomans.

After the liberation, when it was already 1475, he, he left without power, began to serve in the Army of Hungary, where he served as the Royal Captain office. In this capacity, Vlad took part in the siege of the Turkish bastion of Shabats.

In the summer of 1476, the war with Ottomans moved to Moldova. There continued to edit Stefan the Great, whose friend was Dracula. The year of birth of the chain has occurred on troubled times when events of a huge scale took place at the junction of Europe and Asia. Therefore, even if he wanted to return to a peaceful life, it would not work.

When Moldova was saved from the Turks, Stefan Moldavsky helped Dracula to establish himself at the Valash throne. In Targoviste and Bucharest, at that time, the rules configured Sadyot Like Basarab. In November 1476, Moldavian troops seized the key cities of Valahia. Dracula for the third time was proclaimed by the prince of this unfortunate country.

Soon the troops of Stefan left Valachia. The chain has a minor army. He died in December 1476, just a month after the approval of his power. The circumstances of death, like the grave of Dracula, are unknown for extra. According to one version, he killed his servant bribed by Turks, on the other - the prince died in battle against the same Turks.

Bad reputation

Today Vlad Dracula is much more known not to the historical facts of his life, but by the mythically, which has developed around his personality after the death of Prince. We are talking, of course, about the famous Transylvanian vampire, who shifted the name of the Valash Lord.

But how did this character appear? The most incredible rumors in his life went about the real Dracula. In Vienna, in 1463, it was written about him and published a pamphlet, in which the chain was described as a bloodthirsty maniac (the facts about executions were used by planting and other evidence of numerous Romanian wars). The same collection included the poem "On Villa", written by Michael Behaimm. The work insisted on the fact that the chains - tyrant. The executions of girls and children were mentioned. Vlad III Himself chadens, married to Ilona Siladge, had three sons: Mikhail, Vlad and Michney.

In 1480 Appeared "The Tale of Dracula Governor." She was written in Russian by Deca Fedor Kuritsyn, who worked in the Embassy Order under Ivan III. He visited Hungary, where he was on an official visit from King Mathiash Corvin for the conclusion of the Union against Poland and Lithuania. In Transylvania, Kuritsyn collected several stories about Dracula, which he later used as the basis of his story. The work of the Russian delica was distinguished from the Austrian pamphlet, although the scenes of cruelty are in it. However, the real worldwide fame The image of Dracula received a lot later - at the end of the XIX century.

Image of the drain

Today, only Romania itself knows about this: Dracula was not a vampire and not a graph, but the ruler of the Whalchian XV century. For most people around the globe, his name is associated only with the undead. The idea that Vlad III chain sawing blood made a popular Irish writer Bram Stocker (1847 - 1912). With his novel "Dracula" he translated the historical character in the discharge of the mythical being and the popular hero of the mass culture.

The image of the vampire, one way or another, is in every pagan culture and religion. It can be generalized by the "live corpse" - a dead creature that supports his life with the help of drinking the blood of his victims. For example, in the ancient Slavs a similar creation was considered a ghoul. Stoker was fond of mystics and decided to take advantage of the bad fame of the real Dracula for his novel about the vampire. The writer also called His Nosferat. In 1922, this word was submitted to the headline of the horror film by Friedrich Murnau.

The image of Dracula became classic for the entire world cinema and horror genre. Throughout the 20th century, this industry again returned to the Stocker's plot about the Transylvanian column (according to the Guinness Book of Records, 155 full-length films were shot). At the same time, there is only a dozen tapes dedicated to the chains, who lived in the 20th century.

Still alive legend about "King of Vampires", Prince Dracula. In Romania, near the Tikhutsky pass, there are also dilapidated walls of the poenaar fortress. Locals argue that in our days the Spirit of Vlad III is still wandering around the ground. He did not receive a paradise nor hell. And therefore, he is forced to wander around the world, the thirst for human blood.

Day of Dracula hides in the ruins of the fortress. At night, he comes out and with the light of the moon is looking for his victims. The legend states that the prince's bite in the same minute turns into a vampire, with sticking fangs and small wounds on the neck. But who really was this terrible prince? ..

The quiet paradise corners seem now the neighborhood of the former castle of the famous prince Vlad III., More famous under the name Dracula. And then, in the XV century, the locals walked this place to the party to just not get into the hands of the cruel lord.

It cost only a person to look at Prince Vlad, as fear gradually mastered all his thoughts. Indeed, according to historians' testimonies, he had a terrifying appearance: a narrow face, a long nose, outstanding the lower lip, big glass eyes, hiding the feelings of the prince.

It is with the eyes that people hinder the ability of the Dracula with the help of hypnotic impact to make fear and horror on the captive. It seemed that the loyalty of Dracula penetrates the soul, and his owner can easily learn everything about what a person thinks about. However, many modern scientists believe that a similar shape of the eyes may not be that otherwise, as a consequence and one of the signs of the Basned Disease, often found among the residents of mountain villages.

The people say: "The face is the mirror of the soul." Indeed, being the most ugly of the three brothers, Vlad was also distinguished by a cruel and independent temper. An nearby, almost unsighteous look of cold fish eyes, a contemptuously compressed mouth, a narrow, protruding chin - everything says that the Prince of Dracula was a vain pride, hated and despised people.

Rising not higher than average, Vlad III possessed a huge physical force. So, he could smell the river without much difficulty. There were many large rivers and little rivers in the Middle Ages, but the bridges clearly lacked. Warrior, who did not know how to swim well, was doomed to death.

Dracula was known in the XV century and as an excellent artillery. This talent of the prince all the more deserves special attention, if we recall the fact that in those times - when small and big wars were conducted in almost every country - boys since childhood trained riding and shooting from different types of weapons. Every young man masterfully owned weapons. Therefore, it was not easy to earn the glory of a magnificent warrior and a rider.

The life and death of Vlad Tepesh (chain), draracula, shrouded in dense wahy mystery. Locals argue that the grave of the bloody prince is located in a Singy monastery. But most recently, historians declared that the grave is Kenotafia, that is, the grave without a burial.

Covered by the whole time and place of birth of Vlad III. According to some sources, he was born between 1428 and 1431 years. Failing more accurate information. This is due to the fact that at that time the monastery walls could not save the manuscript from the fire. And since the fires at that time were an innumerable set, they often dressed people, writing monuments, including documents.

The place of birth of Draculas is determined by a relatively small house located at one of the villages of Sigishoara for a black street. He still attracts many tourists traveling along Romania.

Historians are not quite confident that Vlad III was born in that place. However, the preserved documents testify: in the XV century, the house belonged to the father of Vlad Telash, Vlad II Dracula. Dracul translated into Russian denotes "the Dragon". This means that the old prince was part of the Romanian Dragon Order. The members of this organization were once engaged in the violent appeal of "incorrect" in Christianity. By the end of the first quarter of the XV century, Prince Vlad II had three sons. But only one of them, Vlad, was able to become famous in the centuries.

Fortress poenaari

It must be said that in the youth of the prince Vlad III managed to place a simple people to him and earn his love and respect. Indeed, according to testimonies of handwritten sources, at that time he was a real Knight of the Middle Ages, a person of honor and debt. Especially it was distinguished by the ability to lead the course of the battle. Warriors who fought under the command of the talented commander of Vlad Telash, always won the battles.

Historians of those years remember Dracula as a fairly democratic statesman. He always opposed the capture of Romania by Inomes, as well as against the division of native lands. In addition, the activities of the principality, he guided primarily on the development of national crafts and trade. Special attention Vlad III paid to the fight against criminals: thieves, murderers and fraudsters. At the same time, the ways of punishment of the perpetrators were chosen the most sophisticated and cruel.

Folk love for the prince of Dracula and its extraordinary popularity among the inhabitants of medieval Valahia are quite justified. Contemporaries remember him as a folk intercession, ever to the warranty with boyars, always oppressed by a simple person. In addition, Wlad by Vlad III military victories with more than twisted its rigidity. Patriotic Romanians experienced pride for their commander who was able to win victories even in the battle, which was clearly doomed to losing.

However, the most important quality of the nature of the Telesh, who determined the favor of the people, was almost fanatical religiosity. At that time, the church had a strong influence on the life of society. The sovereign, wondered by the support of the Holy Fathers, could confidently rely on the submission of the people subject to him. "But what about the incredible cruelty inherent in Dracula?" - you ask.

The answer is simple: Then it was considered an ordinary thing - to severely punish, and then head to church in order to sole sins and thank God for the good of life. And in the meantime, the people mourned executed, without daring to raw and resist his Mr. - After all, his power was "sacred." C'EST LA VIE - they say in such cases the French.

For its part, the Church was also interested in friendship with princes. In this case, the complacency of the Lord could have rolled the monasteries of the land and the villages. And in return, he received a blessing from the clergy for various cases and actions (including cruel and bloody). Vlad III usually distributed such gifts after the next military victory or in a rustling of a religious feeling (so that God let go sins).

Chronicles indicate; Wanting to reduce the crime rate in his small state, Prince Vlad Temoist did not regret the guilty and used the most severe ways of punishment. His strife was not forced to wait long. The criminal, what is called, without trial, burned on a fire or executed on the plate. Do not german of Valahia and Gypsy. They were also waiting for a bonfire or sword: according to the telescope, they were all potential thieves, concoctions and also by vagabonds.

Until now, the content of many gypsy stories is reduced to the coverage of those terrible events when the prince of Dracula conducted mass executions of Roma. To some extent, the great ruler of Valahius achieved the desired result. The chronicles said that since then, the crime in the possessions of the prince did not come. As a confirmation of the words of the medieval historian, this example can be given. If someone found a gold coin on the street, then in no case raised it. This would mean theft of someone else's good, for which it would be possible to pay life.

And how many disgraceful senses walk around the construction of the poem fortress. It turns out that the designed building, Vlad Tereshche ordered the power to lead to him all the wanderers who came to the Tyrgovist to celebrate Easter. After that, he stated that the beans will be able to return to his homes can only after the end of the fortress. People who knew the harsh temple of the Romanian Prince did not argue and enthusiastically began to work, because everyone wanted to quickly return to their native places.

Soon the new castle was built. However, the fortress, erected by lies and coercion, did not bring good luck to his owner and could not protect him during the siege of the Turks. When in 1462, the Turks captured poerars, the prince of Dracula was forced to escape from Inomes. The princess remained in the fortress did not want to become a prisoner of the winners, as well as her husband famous for his incredible cruelty. She rushed down with a high fortress wall and crashed. In memory of it, there were only white stones of the destroyed fortress and the second name of Argez - the Princess River.

Romanian Prince Vlad III earned his nickname Tepes (chains) due to its own cruelty. Translated into Russian TWESHES means "plant on the wrong". Such a way of execution, borrowed by Europeans at the Turks, medieval sovereigns used quite often. At the same time, the stake either drove into the body of the hammer who guessed strong blows, or the sentence sentenced in the literal sense was planted on a stake fortified in the ground. The executioners were so mastered this kind of execution that they did not cost anything to drive into the body of the victim so that she was peeling in suicide seizures at least a week.

It was the method of punishment of criminals described above became the most favorite Dracula. With his help, he safely allowed questions not only internal, but also foreign policy. The number of people who have become victims of the prince alone are measured by several tens of thousands.

It seemed that the cruelty of the Dracula had no limit. Not only the gypsies and captive Turks could be executed, but any graceman of Valahia, who had committed a crime. It is in fear and unwillingness to be on the feet or a fire and the mystery of the mysterious for the modern European honesty of medieval Romanian lies. After farther and further was broadcast on the principality of the news of the new sophisticated execution, who wanted to experience the fate was not. All citizens preferred to lead the life of sinless righteous.

It is necessary to admit that, despite the cruelty, Dracula was a fair judge. For the slightest, the provinity was punished not only by ordinary citizens, but also quite wealthy. The same historical chronicles indicate that the seven merchants turned out to be planted on charges on charges of concluding trade agreements with the Turks. So tragically broke out in Schacks, the acquaintance of Valash merchants with the enemies of the Christian faith, "dirty turks".

The chronicle or the chronicle, to which German sources about Dracula, were written, were written clearly by the tenderlands and depict the Lord and his life in the most negative tones. With Russian sources more difficult. They do not refuse the image of Vlad's cruelty, but they are trying to give her more noble explanations than German, and focusing that the same actions look in these circumstances and more logical, and not so gloomy.

Here are a few baakek from different sources. Check their authenticity is not possible:

Foreign merchant who came to Valachia, robbed. The merchant submits the complaint of the Lord. While catching and sitting on the number of thief, with fate, in general, "in justice" everything is clear, the merchant threw a wallet on the orders of Dracula, in which there was more on one coin than stolen. A merchant, finding unnecessary, immediately reports about this closet. He just laughs for it: "Well done, would not say - to sit on the cola next to the thief."

Another example. Vlad Dracula fell fun, as the ancient Russian author wrote, among the "worm". A servant who brings dishes, wrinkles. To the question of the Lord "Why?" It turns out that the servant cannot endure Smraff. "Resolution" of the chain: "So put the servant higher, in order not to reach it." And the poor fellow on the cooke of an unprecedented height.

Wonderful and "diplomacy" Dracula. I propose to read the translation from the ancient Russian language: "There was such a tradition from Dracula: when an inexperienced messenger came to him from the king or from the king and could not give an answer to the insidious questions of Dracula, he was sled by the messenger on the count, while saying:" Not I am in your death, or or your sovereign, or you yourself. On me, you do not land guilt. If your sovereign, knowing that you are inexperienced and the enemy, and sent you the ambassador to me, the ruler, then killed your sovereign You; But if you personally decided to go, ignorant, then you killed yourself and killed. "

An excellent example is to break over the Turkish envies, who, according to the tradition of their country, bowed to Dracula, without removing the caps. Dracula praised this custom, and in order to further strengthen them in this custom, ordered to nail the hats to the heads of the envoy with nails.

Chronicles argue that such a cruel temper of Dracula was brought up in the Palace of Turkish Sultan. Every year, Prince of Valahii had to transfer a certain amount of silver and wood to Turkey. In order for the prince to forget about his duty, Sultan ordered the Son of Vlad II to his palace. So, twelve-year-old Vlad II was in Turkey. It was there that he met in various ways to punish the guilty and recurrent citizens of the state.

A rare day in Turkey passed without execution. Two stories will help readers to imagine the whole picture of an unfortunate life in the medieval Istanbul.

One day a trial was held over two sons of one of the Romanian princes, which did not pay the tribute on time. For some reason, at the last moment, the sultan was "walked" in front of the execution of Sultan and ordered not to plant boys on a stake, but to blind them. At the same time, blinding was perceived while the greatest grace.

The second story tells about theft of cucumbers - vegetables, considered in Turkey with exotic delicacy. Once the Sultan's Vizier was not honored on a garden bed of two cucumbers. Then it was decided to suck all the stomach gardeners who worked with the palace. In the fifth of them were cucumber. Sultan ordered to execute the guilty on the plate. The remaining "could be sent to their homes."

Having learned about the stay of Vlad III in captivity of the Turkish Sultan, where, day after day, he became an eyewitness of mocking people, it is not difficult to guess about the reasons for his cruel in hatred to the Turks. What a person could grow out of a twelve-year-old boy who lived in Tom, when he saw only one thing every day: human suffering, death-agony of thousands of executed and martyrdom of people.

The dependence on the Turkish Sultan was, of course, did not like free-willed Slavs. Father and son - the masters of Valahia - firmly believed that someday their principality would be free from Turkey's yoke.

Upon returning from captivity, Vlad III conceived by anything to be forever to liberate Valahov from the power of the Turks. And so four years after the inheritance of the prince's throne, Testa announced the Turks, which does not intend to continue to pay tribute. Thus, a challenge of the Ottoman Empire was made. Then Sultan Murad sent a small detachment to Valachia, consisting of thousands of riders.

However, good luck turned away from Turkish warriors. They were captured and planted for one day. And for Turkish Agi, who commanded the punitive detachment, Dracula ordered to prepare even a special amount with a golden tip.

After Murad learned that his messengers suffered a shameful defeat, he decided to send a whole army to Valachia. It was already the beginning of an open war between the Ottoman Empire and Valahia. The final battle of the Turks and Valashtsev took place in 1461. Thanks to the dedication of the Slavs, the Turks were defeated. After that, Prince Vlad 111 went war on Transyl-Vania, located next to Valachia. Transylvanian to know (for the most part, the most wealthy merchants) have long been concerned about the frantic temper of the owner located near the principality.

They decided to get rid of the unpredictable, cruel and wayward neighbor. However, the prince of Dracula was ahead of them. Like a terrible hurricane, he swept his army, despicable everything on the way. Romanians still remember the five hundred compatriots of executed on Szezskourg Square at that time.

Then the prince-winner returned home. However, it was then that having listed his danger. Perturbated by the decentities of Valassians, the trading elite of Transylvania on behalf of the author who wished to remain unknown, published a pamphlet. Its content was reduced to retelling recent events, the seizure of Vlad III of Transylvania, about its atrocities and cruelty. An anonymous poet also added that the Valash Prince allegedly going to attack and conquer the Hungarian Principality. King Hungary Dan III came into rage, learning about the evil and arrogance of Prince Valahii, as well as about his intention to capture the state.

After the fortress of Dracula was taken by Turks, her owner decided to flee to Hungary. Arriving there, he turned out to be a prisoner of King Dana III. Within 12 long years, the Grand Duke of Valahia languished in the dungeon. It was then that he was able to conquer given to his humility and humility. Time even accepted Catholicism to arrange the monarch of the Slavic state to himself.

Finally, the heart of the good king of Hungary softened, and he freed the prisoner. Already being free, the prince married the nephew of the monarch, and later even gathered a large army from Hungarian mercenaries to go to the Warfish and to win the throne.

In the autumn of 1476, the army of Vlad Telash came to Valahia. But, as it turned out later, luck was forever left the commander famous for his military victories. In the first battle, the Army of Hungarians was divided, and Vlad III itself was captured by Valaash Boyars.

Considering the shameful death from the hands of the former submitted, Tower ran from captivity and was killed by boyars soldiers. However, other sources argue that death suddenly overtook Vlad III, when he was already sitting on a horse and intended to escape from Valahia.

Be that as it may, the body of Prince Vlad III Teplash, Dracula, was subsequently cut by boyars on a lot of pieces that scattered around the field. However, the monks of the Singha Monastery, which more than once received generous gifts from the hands of the sovereign, sincerely loved and regretted the Prince, who took martyrdom. They collected the remains of Dracula and burned them close to the monastery.

After the death of a cruel, but the fair prince contemporaries once argued about where his soul fell: heaven or hell. It was from these non-ceased disputes and today the well-known legend is born that the spirit of Romanian does not accept hell, nor paradise. They say that still the rebellious soul of Prince Dracula is looking for peace and, without finding him anywhere, wanders on the ground in search of all new and new victims.