Tivadar Chongwari bone. "Old Fisherman"
Blooming Almonds (Landscape in Italy), 1902
Tivadar Kostac Chongwari (Weng. Csontváry Kosztka Tivadar, July 5, 1853, Kiszhebane, Austrian Empire, Now Sabinov, Slovakia - June 20, 1919, Budapest, Hungary) - Hungarian self-taught artist. His work can be attributed to postmingness and expressionism.
In 1865, the Chognaari family moved to the village of average (now Zakarpattia region), and Tivadar was sent to training in a commercial school in Uzhgorod. Served as a pharmacist, like his father. In 1881 survived the illness that foreshadowed the fate of the great painter, "more significant than Rafael himself." In 1883, in Paris met with Mihai Munkach, who considered the largest Hungarian painter. Traveled by Dalmatia, Italy, Greece, North Africa and the Middle East. In 1900, he replaced his surname of the bone on the pseudonym Chongwari.
Chongwari began to paint in the mid-1890s. He belongs to over a hundred paintings. Most of them, the stylistics close to expressionism, was created in 1903-1909. Also in his paintings there were features of magical realism, symbolism, mythical surrealism, postpressionism.
Chountar's canvas were exhibited in Paris (1907, 1910) and other cities of Europe, but did not receive recognition in their homeland. In Hungary, the artist had a reputation as crazy because of the oddities of behavior, a ascetic lifestyle and inclinations when communicating to fall into a prophetic tone. In recent years, he wrote books - Pamflet "Energy and Art, the mistakes of a civilized person" and the study "of genius. Who can, and who can not be a genius." During his life, the artist did not sell any of his paintings. The main works of the artist are collected in the city museum.
Self-portrait
Predatory bird
Old woman cleaning apples
Woman sitting by the window
Young artist
Sun, Looking from Rear on Flow
Sunset over the Neapolitan Bay
Blooming almonds in Taurmin
Castellamar di Stabia
Date loved
Town on the seashore
View of the city of Selmesbany
Breakthrough Zrinyi (Zrinyi - Croatian commander)
Power station in Yaian at night
Pompeii (Chirurgus House with Vesuviye)
Praying Savior
An interesting mirror effect can be observed on the example of the painting "Old Fisherman". It is known that the person of a person is asymmetrically, that is, the right and left parts do not coincide alone on the other.
It is difficult to say whether the artist wanted to say something in that the right and left part of the older's face depicted in the picture are so different, but the effect turned out very interesting.
Old fisherman
On the left, the portrait made up from the right side of the face and its mirror reflection, on the right - from the left side and its mirror reflection.
To Lebanese Kedram.
It so happened with a modest Hungarian pharmacist with a difficult for us by the name of Tivar Kontyak Chongwari. He sat his pharmacy in a small Carpathian village called the needle, disassembled the unreadable recipes, let go of a drop yes pills, and he heard the complaints of the old women on the fact that powders, they say, do not help. Long sat, not one ten years. And suddenly the warm summer night of 1881 dreamed of his sleep ...
Nobody stated a bone about my dream, but he passed the next day he passed the pharmacy in the apartment, gathered all the cash, bought up brushes and paints, and went straight to Lebanon, write Lebanese cedar.
More newly modern artist did not appear in his pharmacy. I went to Greece, Italy, in North Africa traveled, and during this time created more than a hundred paintings.
He wrote about himself as follows: "I, Tivar Kooky, in the name of the renewal of the world refused his youth. When I accepted a dedication from the invisible spirit, I had a secured position, I lived in prosperity and convenience. But I left my homeland, because I wanted to see her at sunset his life rich and glorious. To achieve this, I traveled for a long time in Europe, Asia and Africa. I wanted to find the truth predicted and put it in painting. "
"Old fisherman"
The value of its works has been doubted by many critics. In Europe, they were exhibited, (though, without much success), but in his native Hungary, Chongwari once and forever ordered crazy. Only at the end of life he arrived in Budapest and brought there its canvases. I tried to make them a local museum, but they didn't need anyone. In 1919, Tivadar Chonterty's Backey was crazy and died, lonely, ridiculous and no one needed.
Buroning unfortunate, relatives began to share good. And the goodness was - only paintings. And so, consulting with the "experts", the canvas decided to pass into the pit, as an ordinary canvas, and the money to divide among themselves so that everything was honest.
At this time, a young architect Gedeon Gloots was completely accidentally passing. He was saved by the artist's creation, paying a slightly more for them than offered an old woman.
Now the paintings of Tivadar Chongwari are stored at the Museum of the City of Pubs (Hungary).
And so, quite recently, one of the museum staff, in the process of viewing the painting of the bone "Old Rybak", written in 1902, occurred to the mirror to her. And then he saw that the picture was not alone on the canvas, but at least two! Try to divide the mirror to the mirror yourself, and you will see or a god sitting in a boat, against the background of peaceful, can be said, paradise landscape, or the devil himself, behind which black waves are raging. Or maybe in other pictures of Chongwari, there is a hidden meaning? After all, it was not so simple, it turns out that the former pharmacist from the village needle.
The artist Tivadar Kontyko Chontevari, who is not known for anyone, after his death, after death, suddenly became famous thanks to his picture "Old Fisherman". The master himself was confident in his messianic destination, although contemporaries called this schizophrenia. Now in his paintings, hidden symbols and veiled hints are found. Are they there? One of these works undergoing comprehensive analysis is the old fisherman's picture.
Unrecognized artist
In 1853, a future painter was born in the Hungarian village of Kisheben. The fate of Tivadar and the five of his brothers was predetermined since childhood. They were preparing to continue his father's case. And the parent was a pharmacist and had medical practice. But before you do a pharmacology, the young man managed to graduate from the gymnasium, work a trading employee, learn at the law faculty. And after all this he turned to a family case. Having come to the pharmacy, Tivarbed worked here for fourteen long years.
Once, when he was 28, on the usual working day, he grabbed the recipe form and pencil and sketched the plot: a cart, which took place at the moment by the window, with buffalo harvested in her. Prior to that, he did not show a tendency to draw, but later in the autobiography, he wrote that that day he had a vision that the fate of the Great Painter.
By the spring of 1881, Tivar Kook opened his pharmacy in the northern part of Hungary and copied enough money for traveling to Italy. Like all young artists, he dreamed of seeing masterpieces of old masters. Particularly attracted pictures of Raphael. It must be said that later he was disappointed in the idol, not finding in nature on his canvases of proper liveliness and sincerity. After Rome, the bone goes to Paris, and then to their homeland.
To seriously engage in painting Chongwari (such a pseudonym took an artist in 1900) began in the mid-1890. He leaves his pharmacy brothers and comes to Munich to study painting. In many sources, the bonfire is called self-taught, and meanwhile he studied at the art school of his famous compatriot, more successful in the field of art - Shimon Hollyashi. The teacher was almost ten years younger than his student.
In Munich, Chongwari creates several portraits. The seal of sadness on the faces of the models puts them in a mansion towards a more cheerful other his work. Satural portraits he writes only during the study, later losing interest in this. Leaving Munich, the artist goes to Karlsruhe, where he continues to take lessons, now Kallmoregen. The artist's biographers say that he lived at this time without well, buying the best canvas of Belgian production to work.
Last years
Study did not accept the satisfaction of Chonterty. It seemed that he was comprehended by the laws of painting only in order to break them. In 1895, he again goes to Italy to work in nature in the beloved landscape genre. The artist visits not only Italy, but also France, Greece, the Middle East and Lebanon.
In 1907-1910, there are several of his personal exhibitions in Paris, Budapest and home. They do not bring special fame to him, although some critics are expressed very approvingly. In Hungary and at all about the artist they speak as a madman. It is no secret that he suffered from the bindings of schizophrenia, but still hoped for the recognition of compatriots.
By 1910, the disease began to progress. The attacks were getting harder, work was barely. Chonterty almost does not write anymore, makes only small sketches. He no longer brought to the end to the end, although attempted. At the age of sixty years, the artist died in Budapest, where he was buried.
Creative heritage
More than a hundred fifty paintings and drawings left after himself Tivar Kook Chongwari. The painting "Old Rybak", written in 1902, perhaps the most famous of all, "sign". Most of the work were created in a short period between 1903 and 1909. It was an artist's creative flourishing, a flash of genius. According to their stylistics, they are akin to expressionism. His works also attribute features of symbolism, postmingnessism and even surrealism.
Posthumous recognition
After the death of Chongwari, it was not different as a miracle. The sister turned to appraisers to find out how much you can help out the paintings. They assured her that their artistic value is zero. Then the woman judged that if the paintings were bad, then the caustion, at least someone we use. And put them in wholesale for sale. All works took the architect Gedeon Gloots, interrupted the price of the alesther. Later, he placed the canvas in the Budapest School of Fine Arts, and in 1949 he exhibited them in Belgium and France.
Before death, the architect conveyed his Collection of Zoltan Fülepa, the future director of the Chontera Museum. It was already success. But it would also be the artist known only to a narrow mug of fans in their homeland, if after almost a century after his death, one of the museum workers did not find a certain secret, which the picture "Old Rybak" still kept. Since then, the name of Chongwari, who did not affect any painting, has become the world famous world.
"Old Fisherman": painting description
Almost all the space of the canvas occupies the figure of an elderly man. Storm wind Treplet his hair and old worn clothes. On the fisherman - black blouse, gray takes and raincoat. He relies on the staff and looks at the viewer. His face with coarse skin, it is covered by a frequent network of wrinkles. In the background, the artist placed the sea bay. Waves are broken on the shore, from the pipes of houses on the shore goes thick smoke. On the horizon line - the mountain or, rather, their silhouettes hidden by dairy fog. In relation to the figure, the fisherman landscape is second and plays the role of the background.
The painting "Old Fisherman" Chongwari was solved in the restrained coloric colors, the muffled ingred colors dominate: a gray, gray, sand, shades of brown.
Mystery paintings "Old Fisherman"
What kind of discovery did the employee of the museum? We will reveal the intrigue: he found that if you close half the canvas and the remaining part is symmetrically reflected, it will be quite complete artistic work. Moreover, it works in both cases: both with the right and left part of the picture. This secret has kept the picture "Old Fisherman" for almost a hundred years. Photos of mounted half can now be easily found on the Internet. The reflection of the right half is a plentiful elder, faded with seeds, against the background of marine stroy. If you reflect the left part, we will see a man in a pointed hat with diagonal eyes and raging waves behind him.
Interpretation
The painting "Old Rybak" laid the search for the search for mystical hints in the works of Chonterty. Oil added to the fire and the fact that the artist often passed on a prophetic tone. This canvas is customary to interpret as a symbol of dual human nature: in one man and light, and dark half, good and evil are getting around. Sometimes it is also called "God and the Devil," that again reflects her dualism.
Truly, the history of the success of the Tiwadard of Chontera Kooky - an example of a series of happy randoms (or a great destiny, which appeared in visions, who knows?). The painting "Old Fisherman" - genius and madness - ironically became his key to world glory. Unfortunately, the recognition did not come to him during life. But today Chongwari is considered one of the best and most original artists of Hungary.
Easter eggs from Tivadara Bone Chongwari
"Easter eggs" - hidden hints, jokes
and riddles in books, films, paintings.
This is a picture of Tivadar Bone Chongwari, it is called "old fisherman". At first sight
there is nothing particularly noteworthy in it, as well as art historians, but
once it was put forward to the assumption that God and the Devil were depicted on it.
In 1902, the Hungarian artist Tivadar Kostka Chongwari writes the picture "Old Fisherman".
It would seem that nothing unusual in the picture is not, but Tivar laid the hidden subtext in it,
during the lifetime of the artist and undisclosed. Few people occurred to apply the mirror
by the middle of the picture. In every person can be like God (the right shoulder is duplicated
Old man) and the devil (duplicated left shoulder old man)
God, with a calm sea behind his back.
And the devil with raging passions.
The most believable version is relatively laid in the picture of the idea is the opinion
on the dualistic nature of human nature, which Tivar wanted to convey. All
life a person spends in the constant struggle of two began: male and female, good and
evil, intuitive and logical. This is the components of being. Like God and the Devil on
picture of Chongwari, they complement each other, without one there is no other.
"Old fisherman" as an embodiment of life and human wisdom with a simple
reception shows how they harmonize in each of us bad and good, good and evil, God
and the devil. And balance them - the task of each person.
Self-portrait
Tivar Kooky was born on July 5, 1853, in the mountain village of Kischeben, belonging to
Austria (now Sabinov, Slovakia) - Hungarian self-taught artist.
His father Lasli Bone was a doctor and pharmacist. Tivar and five of his brothers grew in
the atmosphere impregnated with the spirit of pharmacology. The future artist since childhood knew what would be
pharmacar. But before you changed a lot of professions, worked by a commercial employee,
some time attended lectures at the Faculty of Law, and only then he studied pharmacology.
Once, he was already 28 years old, being in a pharmacy, he grabbed a pencil and painted
on the prescription form, they saw a simple scene from the window - passing a cart,
packy buffalo. Whether it was the beginning of schizophrenia, which he suffered afterwards
but since then the dream becomes an artist, covered it.
He goes to Rome, then to Paris, where meets the famous Hungarian artist
Miham Munkachi (by the way, also ending life in a psychiatric hospital). And then
returns to his homeland, and for fourteen years works in a pharmacy, seeking to achieve
material independence. Copying a small capital, goes to learn first in Munich,
and then to Paris.
Study did not bring him satisfaction. And therefore in 1895 goes on a trip
in Italy to draw landscapes. Traveled also in Greece, North Africa and
Middle East.
In 1900, he replaced his surname of the bone on the pseudonym Chongwari.
Already in 1907 and in 1910, personal exhibitions took place in Paris, but they did not bring him
recognition. Did not get his paintings recognition and in Hungary, and the author had a reputation
crazy.
In 1910, the creation period ended. The attacks of the disease became more severe.
He painted now extremely rarely, only sketches of his surrealistic visions.
In recent years, he wrote books: Pamphlet "Energy and Art, Civilized Errors
man "and research" genius. Who can, and who can not be a genius. "
During his life, the artist did not sell any of his paintings.
The last major picture "Ride on the shore" was written in Naples in 1909.
On June 20, 1919, the artist Chongwari died, as they write, from arthritis.
Relatives consulted with specialists, those assured them in full artistic
the insolvency of Tyivadar as an artist, and soon the paintings were put up for auction
not as works of art, but as slices of canvases. Random collector (random
is it?) Skid all the pictures in bulk for a meager amount, satisfied with the short-sighted (or all
same deceived) nephews.
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Until recently, only a few who are interested in painting, in particular, expressionism and primitivism, the name of the Hungarian artist Tivadar Kostan Chongwari was known. About the dead in poverty almost 100 years ago, the painter, who, besides, was considered crazy (some researchers of his biographies think that Tivar was sickly schizophrenia), many people recently spoke.
The fact is that one of the staff of the city museum in the city, considering the picture of Tivadar Chongwari "Old Fisherman", discovered that if we split the mirror with a mirror in half, two different images will be obtained! This item was interested in not only many art historians, but also ordinary people. They spoke about the secret mysticism of the work, the attitude towards the creative heritage of Hungarian self-taught was revised. In Russia, interest in this fact rose after the release of the release of the transfer "What? Where? When?" On October 1, 2011, during which the viewer with the question of the picture "Old Rybak" managed to beat the experts.
Unrecognized artist
Tivadar Kontyak Chongwari was born in 1853 in the small Hungarian village of Kisheben. His father was a doctor and a pharmacist, was interested in science, he was a convinced enemy of alcohol and tobacco, and Yaros performed for their ban. The primary education Tivar received here, but after the fire in 1866 he moved to the relatives of the mother in Uzhgorod. After graduating from high school, I worked as an assistant trader in Presov.
From his father, Lasshlo, young Tivar Chongwari inherited interest in pharmacology. As a result, he received pharmaceutical education at the University of Budapest, and later studied the right and worked as a clerk at the deputy of the capital. During his studies, he was respected by other students, was elected head of the student organization, participated in strikes 1879.
The path of the artist Tivadar began in 1880. In 1880, in one autumn day, working in a pharmacy, he looked out the window, mechanically picked up a pencil, a recipe form and began to draw. It was not something abstract - on paper turned out to be captured by the cargo passing by. The owner of the pharmacy, seeing the picture, praised Chongwari, saying that it was not different how today the artist was born. Later, at sunset life, Tivar himself in autobiography written in the mystical-prophetic manner characteristic of him, describing what happened, he said that he had a vision. It was how it was suggested to Tyivadan his destination - to become a great painter.
Since that time, Tivar Kook began to travel, in order to familiarize himself with the works of the Great. He traveled to the Vatican and Paris. Then he returned to Hungary, opened his own pharmacy and completely surrendered to work in order to gain financial independence and do what he was, in his opinion, was born. The first picture of Tivadar drew in 1893 a year later, he went to Germany (Munich, Karlsruhe, Düsseldorf) and France (Paris) to. However, the newly minted artist is quickly tired, and in 1895 he went on a journey through Italy, Greece, in the Middle East and Africa to draw local landscapes. Over time, he began to sign his paintings not the surname of the bone, but the pseudonym Chongwari.
The painting Tivadar Chongwari was engaged before 1909. At this time, it began to progress his illness (supposedly schizophrenia, which was accompanied by a mania of greatness), and rare paintings became a reflection of surrealistic visions. Posted by the artist also several allegorical in the meaning of philosophical treatises. For life, none of his paintings Tivadar did not sell, the exhibitions in Paris did not use much popularity, and they almost did not have them in their homeland. A painter died in 1919, that was not receiving recognition of his talent.
God and the devil in the painting "Old Rybak"
Most recently, the subject of terrible attention of art historians became the painting of the Tivadar Bone of Chonterty "Old Rybak", written by him in 1902. By means of a mirror reflection, two absolutely different images are created alternately and the right parts of the picture - God in the boat against the background of a quiet lake or the Devil on the volcano and Storm waters behind.
After the discovery of this fact, to the recognition of the author of the painting approached differently. But what did Tivar Chongwari say to his work? Many suspected the connection of the artist's artist with mysticism and with great diligence began to study the heritage of the Hungarian painter.
The most believable version of the idea is relatively laid in the picture is the opinion of the dualistic character of human nature, which Tivar wanted to convey. All his life, a person spends in constant struggle of two began: male and female, kind and evil, intuitive and logical. This is the components of being. Like God and the Devil in Chongwari's painting, they complement each other, without one there is no other.
"Old fisherman" as an embodiment of the lived life and human wisdom with a simple reception shows how they harmonize in each of us bad and good, good and evil, God and the devil. And balance them - the task of each person.