The secret meaning of the painting "constancy of memory" Salvador Dali. The most famous and most discussed picture of the S.Dali "Constancy of Memory." Hourglass Dali

Salvador Dali can rightly be called the greatest surrealist. The streams of consciousness, dreams and reality found a mapping in all its work. "Constancy of memory" is one of the smallest (24x33 cm), but the most discussed paintings. This canvas is highlighted in a deep subtext and a multitude of encrypted symbols. And it is the most consistent work of the artist.

Salvador himself told that the dials in the picture he created in two hours. His spouse Gala went to the movies with friends, and the artist remained at home, referring to the headache. Being alone, he looked at the room. The focus was given to the Camembert Cheese, which they with Galle recently ate. He slowly melted in the sun.

Suddenly, the master came to mind, and he went to his workshop, where a landscape of the neighborhood of Port Ligata was already written on the canvas. Salvador Dali spread the palette and began to create. By the time the spouses arrived home the picture was ready.

A lot of allusions and metaphors were hidden on a small canvas. Art historians are happy to decipher all the riddles of the "constancy of memory".

Three hours personify the present, past and future. Their "melting" form is a symbol of subjective time, unevenly filling space. Another hours with the ants who are keen on them - this is a linear time that absorbs itself. Salvador Dali has repeatedly admitted that in childhood he made a strong impression of the spectacle of ants, sising on the deceased bat.

A certain estimated object with eyelashes is a self-portrait Dali. The deserted coast was associated by the artist with loneliness, and the dried tree - with antique wisdom. On the left in the picture you can consider the mirror surface. It can reflect both reality and the world of dreams.

After 20 years, the view of the world was given changed. He created a picture called "Disintegration of the constancy of memory." According to the concept, she crushed with the "constancy of memory", but the new era of technical progress imposed a print on the author's globility. The dials are gradually disintegrated, and the space is divided into ordered blocks and flooded with water.

Plot

Dali as a real surrealist his picture immerses us into the world of dreams. Fussy, indiscriminate, mystical and at the same time seemingly understandable and real.

On the one hand, familiar clock, sea, rocky landscape, dried tree. On the other hand, their appearance and the neighborhood with others, weakly identifiable objects, leaves in bewilderment.

In the picture of the three o'clock: the past, present and future. The artist followed the ideas of Heraclit, who believed that time was measured by the strength of thought. Soft clock is a symbol of non-linear, subjective time, arbitrarily current and unevenly filling space.

Melted watches Dali invented, meditating about the Camembar

Solid clocks, embraced by ants, is a linear time that deviates itself. The image of insects as a symbol of rotting and decomposition persecuted from childhood, when he saw the insects kept on a volatile carcass.

But Muh Dali called the Fakes of the Mediterranean: "They carried the inspiration by the Greek philosophers who spent their lives under the sun, rolled with flies."

The artist depicted himself sleeping in the form of a vague object with eyelashes. "Sleep this is death or at least this is an exception to reality, or, even better, this is the death of the reality itself, which in the same way dies during the love act."

Salvador Dali

The tree is shown dry, because, as they thought, antique wisdom was given (whose symbol is a tree and is) rushed into the fly.

The deserted shore is a cry of the soul of the artist, who speaks about its devastation, loneliness and longing. "Here (at Cape Creus in Catalonia - ed.)," He wrote, "in the rocky granite the most important principle of my theory of paranoid metamorphosis is embodied ... these are frozen, raised by an explosion of the cloud in all its countless and new and new - worth only slightly change the angle of view. "

At the same time, the sea is a symbol of immortality and eternity. According to thought, the sea is ideal for travel, there time is flowing in accordance with the internal rhythms of consciousness.

The image of an egg as a symbol of life Dali took from ancient mystics. The latter believed that the first two-mounted deity of the Fans, which created people, and from two halves of his shell, were born, and the sky and the Earth were formed from two halves.

Left horizontally lies the mirror. It reflects everything you wish: And the world is real and dreams. For gave a mirror - a symbol of impermanence.

Context

According to the legend, invented by Himself, Dali, he created the image of fluids literally in two hours: "We had to go with friends to the movies, but at the last moment I decided to stay at home. Gala will go with them, and I am a fire early. We filed a very tasty cheese, then I stayed alone, sitting, leaning on the table, and reflecting on how the "supemagok" was melted cheese. I got up and went to the workshop to, as usual, to look at my job. The picture I was going to write, represented the scenery of the neighborhood of Port Lygata, the rocks, as if illuminated by a non-road evening light. In the foreground, I sketched a chopped barrel of alertless olive. This landscape is the basis for the canvas with some idea, but what? I needed a wonderful image, but I did not find it. I went to turn off the light, and when it came out, literally "saw" the decision: two pairs of soft watches, some are capable of hanging from the oiler branch. Despite the migraine, I prepared the palette and took up work. Two hours later, when Gala returned from the movies, the picture, which was supposed to become one of the most famous, was completed. "

Gala: No one can forget these soft clocks, seeing them at least once

After 20 years, the picture was built into a new concept - "Disintegration of the constancy of memory". The cult image is surrounded by nuclear mysticism. Soft dials are quietly disintegrated, the world is dismembered on clear blocks, the space is under water. The 1950s with post-war reflection and technical progress, obviously, they were perepashal.

"Disintegration of the constancy of memory"

Dali was buried in such a way that anyone can walk by his grave

Creating all this variety, gave up and came up with itself - from the mustache to hysterical behavior. He saw a lot of talented people who did not notice. Therefore, the artist reminded itself regularly in the most eccentric from possible manner.

Dali on the roof of their house in Spain

Even death was given to Perfomance: on the will, he should have been buried so that people could walk on the grave. What was fulfilled after his death in 1989. Today the body was given to the floor in one of the rooms of his house in Figueres.

Dali suffered by paranoid syndrome, but without him there would be no artist. Dali had an attacks of light nonsense, which he could tolerate on canvas. Thoughts attending gave during the creation of paintings were always fractional. The history of the emergence of one of his most famous work "Constancy of Memory" is a prime example.

(1) Soft Watch- a symbol of non-linear, subjective time, arbitrarily current and unevenly filling space. Three hours in the picture is the past, present and future. "You asked me," wrote to physics Ilya Pogin, "Whether I thought about Einstein, when I painted a soft watch (meaning the theory of relativity). I answer you negatively, the fact is that the connection of space and time has long been absolutely obvious for me, so there was nothing special in this picture for me, she was the same as any other ... To this I can add that I am a lot I thought about Heraclite (an ancient Greek philosopher, who believed that time was measured by the strength of thought). That is why my picture is called the "constancy of memory". Memory about the relationship between space and time. "

(2) A unclear object with eyelashes. This is a self-portrait of sleeping gave. The world in the picture is his dream, the death of an objective world, the celebration of the unconscious. "The relationship between bedtime, love and death is obvious," the artist wrote in autobiography. - Sleep this is death or at least this is an exception from reality, or, even better, this is the death of the reality itself, which in the same way dies during the love act. " According to Dali, the dream frees the subconscious, so the head of the artist breaks down, like a mollusk, is a testimony of its defenselessness. Only Gala, he will say after the death of his wife, "knowing my defenselessness, stubcounted my grasphens of the oyster flesh in the sink fortress, and the more removed."

(3) solid clocklying on the left dial down - this is a symbol of objective time.

(4) ants- Symbol of rotting and decomposition. According to Professor of the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of Nina Getashvili, "Children's impression of a volatile podranka, and invented by the artist himself, the memory of a bathing baby with ants in the rear pass for the whole life was given the artist by the obsessive presence of this insect in his painting.

On the clock on the left, the only preserved hardness, ants also create a clear cyclic structure, obeying chronometer divisions. However, this does not obscure the meaning that the presence of ants is still a sign of decomposition. " According to Dali, the linear time devours itself.

(5) Fly.According to Nina Getashvili, "the artist called their Faymi Mediterranean. In the "diary of one genius" he wrote: "They carried the inspiration by the Greek philosophers who spent their lives under the sun, rolled with flies."

(6) Olive.For the artist, this is a symbol of ancient wisdom, which, unfortunately, has already rinsed in the fly and therefore the tree is shown dry.

(7) Cape Creus.This cape in the Catalan coast of the Mediterranean Sea, not far from the city of Figuec, where Dali was born. The artist often portrayed him in the paintings. "Here," he wrote, - in the rocky granite is embodied the most important principle of my theory of paranoid metamorphosis (the flow of one delusional image in another). These are frozen, raised by an explosion of the cloud in all their countless horseship, all new and new ones - only a little change the angle of view. "

(8) seafor Dali symbolized immortality and eternity. The artist considered him the ideal space for travel, where time flows not with objective speed, but in accordance with the internal rhythms of the consciousness of the traveler.

(9) Egg.According to Nina Getashvili, a world egg in creativity symbolizes life. His image artist borrowed from Oficov - ancient Greek mystics. According to ORFICAL mythology, the first two-fallen deity of Fans, who created people, and from two halves of his shell, was formed by the sky and the Earth.

(10) Mirrorlying horizontally left. This is a symbol of changeability and impermanence, obediently reflecting both the subjective and objective world.

Year of writing: 1931, Size: 33 cm. X 24 cm.

The picture of the consistency of memory was written by the Spanish Surrealist Salvador artist Dali and is one of his most famous works. Currently, it is located in the Museum of Modern Art, in New York. Thanks to a huge number of fans of this picture and followers of the painter, this canvas is very popular and now, it is often mentioned in modern popular culture.

"Amazing the blinding of people, always making the same thing. I am surprised why the bank's employee does not eat a check, I am surprising that other artists, before me, did not think to draw "soft watches" ... "- wrote Salvador Dali.

The "constancy of memory" is a surrealistic picture. Surrealism was a cultural movement that occurred in the 1920s. Surreal artworks of art are an element of surprise, unforeseen comparisons and a disrespectful humor. Sometimes, this is an art that is a free manifestation of the artist's current imagination, which is difficult to interpret, and the picture is not an exception. Here the artist depicts solid objects, soft.

The picture shows: Slowly melted pocket watches, separated from chains, sea and a deserted beach in a bay, surrounded by rocks, in the background (the artist inspired the rocks of Cape Creus). Part of the picture is lit by the sunlight, and the part is shrouded in the shadow. Looking at carefully, you can also see small stones.

"Landscape is a state of soul" - claimed Dali.

Dali often used the philosophy of solid and soft in his paintings. According to some experts, the melting clock indicates the flow fluidity, solid stones are the reality of life, and the sea is the immensity of the Earth. The picture has more orange-red watches covered with ants, symbolizing, presumably, painfulness of waiting. It also attracts the strange figure, in the center, reminiscent of a melting head with a large nose, spawned language and closed eye with long eyelashes. Her neck, as if dissolved in the shade. Some interpret it as a joke, the head of the viewer of this picture frozen in the trance, the future viewer of this picture, others believe that this is the head of the spent, during the attack of migraine. Some also say that the head has such a form, because it is free from any prejudice, or just dead, or the artist believed that death and there is freedom, because he said: "Freedom - if it is possible to define her aesthetic category - there is an embodiment of formality, this is Amorphy, "" Death fascinates me by eternity. "

There are a lot of different versions of the analysis of the "constancy of memory". Critic, historian-art historian Dawn ADES wrote that "Soft clock is an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time." When Dali was asked, whether it was true that this is a hint of the theory of Einstein's relativity, he replied rather frivolously that it was just a surrealistic vision of Camembert Cheese, melting in the sun.

Also, experts say that the ideas of Freud could influence the meaning of the work, since the picture was written in the years when Dali was interested in the work of Freud.

"I, when I write, I do not understand what the point is laid in my picture. But do not think that it is deprived of meaning! It's just that it is so deep and folded, it is relaxed and whimsically, which eludes a logical standard perception, "said Dali.

The picture attracts the attention of art lovers for many decades. During this time, the picture received many and criticism, and praise. For those who like the surreal art style, this is a masterpiece. For others, it's just trash or, at best, a picture of the madman. Be that as it may, this is one of the works of art, which is still not erased from the memory of people and will provoke all new arguments and interpretations.

Salvador Dali without exaggeration can be called the most famous surrealist of the 20th century, because his name is familiar with even those who are completely distant from painting. Some people consider it the greatest genius, others - a madman. But the first, and the second unconditionally recognize the unique talent of the artist. Its paintings are an irrational combination of real objects deformed by paradoxically. Dali was the hero of his time: the work of the master was discussed both in the highest circles of society and in the proletarian environment. He became the real embodiment of surrealism with the patripping of breath of breath, contradictory and dipping. Today, anyone who wants to be available masterpieces, the author of which is Salvador Dali. Pictures whose photos can be seen in this article are capable of impressing every fan of surrealism.

The role of Ham in the work of Dali

A huge creative heritage left after himself Salvador Dali. Pictures with names causing many mixed feelings today are so attracted to art lovers, which deserve detailed consideration and descriptions. The inspirational, model, support and main fan of the artist was his spouse Gala (emigrant from Russia all his most famous canvases were written in a period of living with this woman.

Hidden Meaning "Constancy of Memory"

Considering El Salvador Dali, it is worth starting with the most recognizable work - "constancy of memory" (sometimes it is called "time"). The canvas was created in 1931. Inspired by the artist to write a masterpiece of his wife Gala. According to Dali himself, the picture plan has arisen at the sight of a melting under sunshine what he wanted to say the master by portraying the soft clock on the canvas on the background of the scenery?

Three soft dials adorning the foreground of the picture are identified with a subjective time, which fluently flows and unevenly fills up all the free space. The number of hours is also symbolic, because the number 3 on this canvas indicates the past, present and future. The soft state of items indicates the relationship between space and time, which for the artist has always been obvious. Present in the picture and the hard watches depicted by the dial down. They symbolize the objective time, the course of which comes against humanity.

Salvador Dali also depicted his self portrait on this web. The picture "Time" contains in the foreground incomprehensible crushing item framed by eyelashes. It is in this way that the author painted himself. In a dream, a person releases his thoughts, which in a state of wakeful he is carefully hiding from others. Everything that can be seen in the picture is a dream given by the result of the celebration of the unconscious and the death of reality.

Ants crawling through the body of solid clocks symbolize the decay, rot. In the picture insects are built in the form of a dial with arrows and indicate that the objective time destroys itself. The fly, sitting on the soft clock, for the painter was a symbol of inspiration. The ancient Greek philosophers spent a lot of time surrounded by these "Mediterranean fairies" (this is exactly what Muh called). The mirror, visible in the picture on the left, is evidence of time impermanence, it displays both objective and subjective worlds. Egg in the far plan symbolizes life, dry Oliva - forgotten antique wisdom, and - Eternity.

"Giraffe on fire": interpretation of images

Studying the paintings of El Salvador was given with a description, you can deeper the artist's creativity, it is better to understand the subtext of his canvases. In 1937, "Giraffe on fire" was published from under the brush of the painter. It was a difficult period for Spain, since a little earlier in it began in addition, Europe was on the threshold of World War II, and Salvador Dali, as well as many progressive people of that time, felt her approach. Despite the fact that the Master argued that his "Giraffe on Fire" was not related to political events, shaking the continent, the picture is saturated with horror and anxiety.

In the foreground, Dali drew a woman standing in the posture position. Her hands and face are sharpened, it seems that the skin is sodden. A woman looks helpless, she is unable to resist the impending danger. Behind it is shown a lady with a piece of meat in his hands (it is a symbol of self-destruction and death). Both figures stand on Earth due to the subtle backups. They were often given in spoken in their works to emphasize the weakness of man. Giraffe, in honor of which the picture is named, is drawn in the distant plan. It is much less women, the upper part of his body is covered by fire. Despite its small sizes, it is the main hero of the canvas, embodying a monster carrying the apocalypse.

Analysis of the "Premonition of the Civil War"

Not only in this work, Salvador Dali's premonition expressed his premonition. Pictures with names indicating its approach, appeared by the artist repeatedly. A year before the "Zhiraffe", the artist wrote a "soft design with boobot boobs" (otherwise it is called "foreboding of the civil war"). The structure of the human body, depicted in the center of the canvas, resembles the contours of Spain on the map. The design from above is too cumbersome, she hangs over the ground and can collapse at any time. At the bottom under the construction of the beans, which look here are completely inappropriate, which only emphasizes the absurdity of political events taking place in Spain in the second half of the 1930s.

Description "Faces of War"

"Face of war" is another work left by the surrealist to his fans. The picture dates back to 1940 - time when Europe was covered by combat actions. On the canvas depicts a human head with facial frozen in agony. It is surrounded by snakes from all sides, instead of eyes and mouth have countless skulls. It seems that the head is literally stuck with death. The picture symbolizes the concentration camps, who have lost their lives in millions of people.

Interpretation of "sleep"

"Sleep" - the picture of El Salvador Dali, created by him in 1937. It depicts a huge sleeping head, holding on eleven thin backpoints (exactly the same as in women on the Giraffe canvas). Crutches everywhere, they support their eyes, forehead, nose, lips. There is no body in humans, but there is unnaturally elongated thin neck. The head personifies sleep, and crutches indicate support. There is only every part of the face to find their backup, as a person will collapse into the world of dreams. Support is needed not only to people. If you carefully look at, in the left corner of the canvas you can see a small dog, whose torso is also relied on the crutch. You can consider the backups as a thread that allow your head to soar during sleep, but do not give it to completely break away from the ground. The blue background of the canvas even more emphasizes the detachment of what is happening on it from the rational world. The artist was sure that the dream looks like. The picture of Salvador was given in the cycle of his work "Paranoia and War".

Gory Images

His beloved wife also drew Salvador Dali. Pictures with the names of "Angela Gala", "Madonna Port Ligata" and many others directly or indirectly indicate the presence of deacone in the plots of the works of genius. For example, in Galatee with Spheres (1952), he portrayed his life companion in the form of a divine woman whose face is shouted through a large number of balls. Spouse of genius boil over the real world in the upper essential layers. It became his muse the main character of such paintings like "Galarin", where it is depicted with nude left breasts, "Atomic Leda", in which Dali presented a naked spouse in the form of the Sparta government. Almost all female images present in the canvas inspired the painter his faithful wife.

Impression of painting

The photos depicting the pictures of Salvador Dali, high resolution allow you to study his work to the smallest details. The artist lived a long life and left behind several hundred works. Each of them is unique and with nothing comparable inner world, displayed by the genius named Salvador Dali. Pictures with names known to all since childhood can inspire, cause delight, bewilderment or even disgust, but no person will remain after viewing indifferent.