Secret episodes of the USSR war with Japan. Soviet-japanese war

In February 1945, a conference was held in Yalta, attended by representatives of countries that were part of the United Kingdom and the United States managed to achieve consent from the Soviet Union to take direct participation in the war with Japan. In exchange for this, they promised him to return the Kuril Islands and South Sakhalin, lost during the Russian-Japanese war of 1905.

Termination of the peace treaty

At the time, when a decision was made in Yalta, there was a so-called neutrality pact between Japan and the Soviet Union, which was concluded in 1941 and had to act within 5 years. But in April 1945, the USSR declared that he had a unilateral treaty. The Russian-Japanese War (1945), the reasons for which were that the country of the rising sun in recent years spent on the side of Germany, and also fought against the Allies of the USSR, it became almost inevitable.

Such a sudden statement in the literal sense was the leadership of Japan in full confusion. And this is understandable, because its position was very critical - the allies forces she was inflicted significant damage in the Pacific Ocean, and industrial centers and cities were subjected to practically continuous bombardments. The government of this country perfectly understood that it was almost impossible to achieve victory in such conditions. But still, it was still hoping for the fact that he would be able to somehow urge and achieve more favorable conditions for the surrender of his troops.

The United States, in turn, did not count on the fact that the victory would be easy for them. An example of this can serve battles that unfolded for Okinawa island. From the side of Japan, about 77 thousand people fought here, and from the United States approximately 470 thousand soldiers. In the end, the island was taken by the Americans, but their losses were simply astounding - almost 50 thousand killed. According to the Russian-Japanese war of 1945, the Russian-Japanese war began, briefly described in this article, the losses would be much more serious and could reach 1 million soldiers killed and wounded.

Announcement of the beginning of hostilities

On the eighth of August, in Moscow, the Ambassador of Japan in the USSR, at exactly 17 hours, a document was awarded. It said that the Russian-Japanese war begins (1945) actually the next day. But since there is a significant difference in time between the Far East and Moscow, it turned out that before the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet army, only 1 hour remained.

In the USSR, a plan was developed, consisting of three military operations: Kuril, Manchurian and South Sakhalin. All of them were very important. But still the most large-scale and significant was the Manchurian operation.

Forces side

On the territory of Manchuria, the Kwantung army was opposed, which commanded General Rodzo Yamada. It consisted of about 1 million people, more than 1 thousand tanks, about 6 thousand guns and 1.6 thousand aircraft.

At the time when the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 began, the USSR forces had a significant numerical vibrant advantage: only soldiers numbered one and a half times more. As for the technique, the number of mortars and artillery exceeded the similar enemy forces 10 times. The tanks and aircraft on our army were more than 5 and 3 times, respectively, rather than the relevant weapons from the Japanese. It should be noted that the superiority of the USSR over Japan in military equipment consisted not only in its number. The technique at the disposal of Russia was modern and more powerful than her opponent.

Enemy Strongs

All participants in the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 perfectly understood that sooner or later, but she had to start. That is why the Japanese created a significant number of well-fortified areas in advance. For example, you can take at least a Highlar district where the left flank of the Trans-Baikal Front of the Soviet Army was located. Burrification facilities on this site were built for more than 10 years. By the time the Russian-Japanese war began (1945, August), there were already 116 dollars, which were interconnected by underground strokes from concrete, a well-developed trench system and a significant amount of this area covered the Japanese soldiers whose number exceeded the divisional.

In order to suppress the resistance of the Highlard fortifications of the Soviet Army, I had to spend a few days. In the conditions of war, this is a short time, but during the same time the rest of the Trans-Baikal front advanced about 150 km. Given the scale that the Russian-Japanese war had (1945), an obstacle in the form of this fortification was quite serious. Even when his garrison surrendered, the Japanese warriors continued to fight with fanatical courage.

The reports of Soviet military leaders can very often see the mention of the soldiers of the Kwantong Army. The documents said that the Japanese military specifically faced themselves to the beds of machine guns so as not to have the slightest opportunity to retreat.

Bypass maneuver

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 and the actions of the Soviet Army from the very beginning were very successful. I would like to note one outstanding operation, which was a 350-kilometer throw of the 6th tank army through the Hingan Range and the Gobi Desert. If you look at the mountains, they seem to be an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of technology. The passes that had to go through the Soviet tanks were located at a height of about 2 thousand m above sea level, and the slopes sometimes reached the steepness in 50⁰. That is why cars often had to drive Zigzag.

In addition, the promotion of the technique was also complicated by frequent storm rains, accompanied by rolling rivers and impassive mud. But, despite this, the tanks were still moving forward, and already on August 11, they overcame the mountains and reached the central manchu plain, in the rear of the Kwantung army. After such a large-scale transition, the Soviet troops began to experience an acute shortage of fuel, so it was necessary to establish its additional delivery by air. With the help of transport aviation, it was possible to smuggle about 900 tons of tank fuel. As a result of this operation, more than 200 thousand Japanese soldiers were captured, as well as a huge amount of technology, weapons and ammunition.

Height defenders acute

The Japanese war of 1945 continued. At the site of the 1st Far Eastern Front, Soviet troops faced unprecedented enemy fierce resistance. The Japanese fastened well at the heights of the camel and the acute, which were among the fortifications of the hot fortifications. It must be said that the approaches to these altitudes were cut off by a variety of small robusts and were very marshy. In addition, wire fences and dug-in escarps were located on their slopes. The firepoints of Japanese soldiers were cut in advance directly in the rock granite rock, and the concrete caps, protecting the feeding, reached thickness at one and a half meters.

During the fighting, the Soviet command suggested defenders acute to surrender. As a parliamentary, a person from among the locals was sent to the Japanese, but it was extremely severely cruel - he cut off the head of the commander of Stolongon himself. However, there was nothing surprising in this act. From the moment the Russian-Japanese war began (1945), the opponent did not fundamentally for any negotiations. When Soviet troops finally entered the strengthening, they discovered only dead soldiers. It is worth noting that the height defenders were not only men, but also women who were armed with daggers and grenades.

Features of hostilities

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 had its own specific features. For example, in the battles of the city of Mudanjiang, the enemy used against parts of the Soviet army saboteurs-Kamikaze. These suicide bombers tied themselves with grenade and rushed under tanks or soldiers. There was such a case when there was about two hundred "living mines" on one side of the front to land next to each other. But such suicidal shares continued not long. Soon, Soviet soldiers became more vigilant and managed to destroy the saboteur in advance before he approaches close and explode next to the technique or people.

Surrender

The Russian-Japanese war of 1945 ended on August 15, when the Emperor of Hirokhito's Emperor addressed the radio to his people. He stated that the country decided to adopt the terms of the Potsdam Conference and Capitulate. At the same time, the emperor called on his nation to abide by the patience and combine all the forces to build a new future country.

After 3 days after the treatment of Hirokhito in the radio, the call of the command of the Kwantung Army to his soldiers was called. It said that further resistance is meaningless and there is already a decision on the surrender. Since many Japanese parts did not have connections with the main headquarters, their alert lasted a few more days. But there were such cases when fanatically customized servicemen did not want to submit to the orders and fold the weapons. Therefore, their war lasted until they died.

Effects

It must be said that the Russian-Japanese war of 1945 had truly not only military, but also political importance. I managed to completely defeat the strongest Kwantung army and complete the second world war. By the way, its official ending is considered to be September 2, when in Tokyo Gulf right on board Missouri Linkar, owned by the United States, was finally signed an act of surrender of Japan.

As a result, the Soviet Union returned the territories that were lost in 1905 - the group of islands and part of the southern smoked. Also, according to a peace treaty, signed in San Francisco, Japan refused any complaints and Sakhalin.

Questions:
1. Field at the Far East. Common course of hostilities.
2. Results, lessons and value of war.

The Soviet-Japanese war of 1945 is one of the most important milestones towards victory in World War II. On its scale, scope, attracted by the forces and means, tension, results, military-political and strategic consequences, it refers to the most important stages of the Second World War.

The capitulation of Nazi Germany in May 1945 marked the end of the war in Europe. But at the Far East and the Pacific, Militarist Japan continued to fight against the United States, Great Britain and other allies of the USSR in the Asia-Pacific region.
The introduction of the Soviet Union to the war against Japan was determined by allied obligations adopted by the USSR on Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences, as well as the policy that Japan was led against the USSR. Throughout the Great Patriotic Warriors, Japan provided all-possible assistance from fascist Germany. She continuously strengthened its armed forces on the Soviet-Japanese border, thus forcing the Soviet Union to keep there a large number of troops, very necessary for use on the Soviet-German Front; Japanese ships prevent normal Soviet shipping in every way, attack the ships and delaying them. All this reduced the Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact, imprisoned in April 1941. In this regard, the Soviet government in April 1945 denounced the specified pact. On August 8, 1945, it made a statement that from August 9, the Soviet Union would consider himself in a state of war with Japan.
The political goals of the Military Campaign of the Soviet Union in the Far East were to ensure that it is possible to quickly eliminate the last focus of the Second World War, eliminate the threat of a Japanese attack on the USSR, together with the allies to release the countries occupied by Japan, restore the universal world. The USSR government has also pursued its geopolitical goals (to return to the Soviet Union from the Japanese in the years of the Russian-Japanese war (1904-1905) South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, open a free way out for Soviet ships and ships in the Pacific Ocean, etc., previously formulated At the Yalta Conference. For the Japanese government, the USSR entry into the war meant the loss of last hope and his defeat both military and diplomatic means.
The main military-strategic chain of the war was the defeat of the Kwantung Army, the exemption from the Japanese invaders of Northeast China (Manchuria) and North Korea. The solution to this task was to have an impact on the acceleration of Japan's surrender and ensure success in the defeat of the Japanese troops in the southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
The common plan of the war was that the forces of the Trans-Baikal, 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts and the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, in cooperation with the Pacific Army and the Amur Military Flotilla, defeat the Kwantung Army and master the most important military-political and economic centers of Manchuria. The main strikes were supposed to be applied from the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic (MNR) by the forces of the Trans-Baikal Front to the East and from the territory of the Soviet Primorye forces of the 1 -th Far Eastern Front to the West. In addition, it was envisaged to apply two auxiliary strikes by the forces of the Trans-Baikal and 1st Far Eastern Fronts. The troops of the 2nd Far Eastern Front, in collaboration with the Amur military flotilla, inflicting strikes at the Sungarian and Zhaokhai directions, had to make the opponent's forces opposing him and thereby ensure the success of the Trans-Baikal and 1-Far Eastern fronts.
The Pacific Fleet had to violate the message of the enemy to the sea, support the coastal flanks of troops and prevent the enemy landing landing. Later, it was assigned a task together with the 1st Far Eastern Front to master the ports of North Korea. The fleet's air force should have ships on the vehicles and vehicles of the enemy to prevent the delivery of material resources for the Kwantung Army, to ensure the fighting of landings on the seizure of the ports of North Korea.
The theater of the upcoming hostilities covered the territory of Northeast China, part of the inner Mongolia, North Korea, Japanese and Okhotsk Sea, Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands. The Mountains of the Manchurian-Korean region are honored by the territory of the Manchurian-Korean area (Big and Small Hinggang, East Manchurian, North Korean, etc.) with a height of 1000-1900 m. The mountains of Northern and Western Manchuria are largely covered with forest, most of the inner Mongolia occupy semi-dext and Anhydrous steppes.
The grouping of Japanese troops in Manchuria, Korea, on the southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands included 1,3,5 and 17th fronts, 4th and 34th individual armies. The most powerful was the Kwantung army located in Manchuria. It included the 1st and 3rd fronts, the 4th and 34th individual and 2nd Air Army, Sungarian River Flotilla (24 Infantry Divisions, 9 separate infantry and mixed brigades, Special Force Brigade - Squaders, 2 Tank Brigades and air army). With the beginning of hostilities, the 34th individual army was reconnected by the commander of the 17th (Korean) front, which was also included in the Kwantung Army on August 10, on August 10, the 5th air army was also included in her. In total, the grouping of Japanese troops focused on Soviet borders consisted of four fronts and two separate armies, military river flotilla and two air armies. She numbered 817 thousand soldiers and officers (taking into account the puppet troops - more than 1 million people), over 1200 tanks, 6600 guns and mortars, 1900 combat aircraft and 26 ships.
Japanese troops were located at the previously prepared positions. The most important directions were covered with 17 fortified areas. The seaside direction was most strengthened, and especially between Oz. Khanka and the Bay of Postess to reach the central regions of Manchuria and Korea, Soviet troops were to overcome mining and wooded, semi-desert and wood-walled terrain to a depth of 300 to 600 km.
Preparation of hostilities included a number of events conducted in advance and immediately before their start. The main of them were the transfer of troops from Western regions and the creation of offensive groups, the study and equipment of the theater of the forthcoming actions preparation of troops and the creation of reserves of the material resources necessary for the strategic operation. Much attention was paid to carrying out activities aimed at ensuring the surprise of the offensive (compliance with the highness of the preparation of operation, concentration, regrouping and deploying troops at the initial position, attracting a limited circle of persons to planning, etc.).
Zabaikalsky (commander of the Marshal of the Soviet Union R. I Malinovsky), 1st Far Eastern (Commander of the Marshal of the Soviet Union KA Metskov) and the 2nd Far Eastern (Commander of the Army General M.L. Tinkaea) Fronts, As well as the Pacific Fleet (Commander Admiral I.S. Yumashev), Amur Military Flotilla (Commander Counter-Admiral N.V. Antonov) and part of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (Commander-in-Chief Marshal X. Choibalsan). This group has numbered more than 1.7 million people, about 30 thousand guns and mortars (without anti-aircraft artillery), 5.25 thousand tanks and sau, 5.2 thousand aircraft. 93 warship of basic classes. The general leadership of the troops carried out a specially created ZPG bid, the main command of the Soviet troops in the Far East (the Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky).
On the eve of the USSR entry into the war with Japan, 6 and 9 August, the United States for the first time in the history of mankind applied nuclear weapons, dropping two atomic bombs into the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, although there were no military necessities in these bombardments. The exact number of victims of atomic bombing is unknown so far, however, it was established that at least 500 thousand people were injured in the cost of them, among which were killed, wounded, affected by radiation and the died later from radiation sickness. This barbaric act was aimed at demonstrating the power of the United States, while not so much to achieve a military victory over Japan, how much to put pressure on the USSR in order to achieve concessions from him in matters of the post-war device of the world.
The fighting of Soviet troops in the Far East includes Manchurian, South Sakhalin offensive operations and the Kuril landing operation. Within the framework of the Manchurian offensive operation, Hingano-Mukdense (Transbaikal Front), Harbino-Girinskaya (1st Far Eastern Front) and Sungarian (2nd Far Eastern Front) front-line offensive operations.
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation (August 9 - September 2, 1945) in the nature of the tasks of the tasks and methods of actions of the troops was divided into two stages:
- The first stage - August 9-14 - the defeat of the Japanese troops of the cover and the exit of the Soviet troops to the Central Manchurian Plain;
- The second stage - August 15 - September 2 - the development of the offensive and the capitulation of the Kwantung army.
An idea of \u200b\u200bthe Manchurian strategic offensive operation was envisaged to apply powerful blows on the flanks of the Kwantung Army from the West and the East and several auxiliary strikes on the directions converging in the center in the center of Manchuria, which ensured a deep coverage of the main forces of the Japanese, the dissection of them and the quick defeat in parts. Operations for the liberation of southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands were addressed to the implementation of this main task.
On August 9, the shock groups of Soviet front attacked the enemy from sushi, air and the sea. The fighting turned on the front with a length of more than 5 thousand km. The Pacific Fleet went out in the open pore, cut the sea communications used by the troops of the Kwantung Army to communicate with Japan, and the power of aviation and torpedo boats were a powerful blows on the Japanese naval bases in the North Korea of \u200b\u200bthe Troops of the Trans-Baikal Front by the 18th 9th of August, anhydrous stalls were overcame The Gobi Desert and the Mountain Ridges of Big Hingane will defeat the Kalgan, Solunxha and Highlarsk enemy groupings and rushed to the central districts of Northeast China. 20Avgust The main forces of the 6th Guards Tank Army will join the cities of Shenyang (Mukden) and Changchun and began to move south to the cities of Dalian (Far) and Lyushun (Port Arthur). The equestrian-mechanized group of Soviet-Mongolian troops, coming down on August 18 to the cities of Zhangziakou (Calgana) and Chede, cut off the Japanese grouping in Manchuria from the expeditionary forces of Japan in China.
The troops of the 1st Far Eastern Front, who advancing towards the Trans-Baikal front, broke through the border strengthening fortifications of the enemy, reflected his strong connectors in the Mudanjiang area, entered August 20 to the city of Girin and together with the compounds of the 2nd Far Eastern Front - in Harbin. The 25th Army, in collaboration with the Marine Asians of the Pacific, freed the territory of North Korea, cutting off the Japanese troops from the metropolis.
The 2nd Far Eastern Front, in collaboration with the Amur Flotilla, successfully forced the Amur River and Ussuri, broke through the opponent's long-term defense in Heihe, Sun, Hugai, Dunhan and Futsin, overcame the mountain range of Small Hinghan and turned off the offensive of the Harbin and Tsizicar directions. On August 20, together with the troops of the 1st Far Eastern Front, Harbin mastered.
Thus, by August 20, Soviet troops advanced to the depth of Manchuria from west to 400-800 km, from the east and north to 200-300 km. They reached the Manchurian Plain, dismembered Japanese troops on a series of isolated groups and completed their environment. On August 19, the commander of the Quantong Army passed the orders to stop resistance. On 19 August, a cease-fire agreement was signed. Only then began organized delivery of the Japanese troops in Manchuria. She lasted until the end of the month. However, even this did not mean that the fighting was completely discontinued. Only on August 22, after a powerful artillery and aviation preparation, he managed to assign the Hatouau resistance knot. In order not to give the enemy to evacuate or destroy material values, from 18 to 27 August, air landings and Harbin, Shenyang (Mukden), Changchun, Girin, Lyushun (Port Arthur), Pyongyang and other cities were planted. The rapid offensive of the Soviet and Mongolian troops put Japan in a hopeless position, the calculations of its command on persistent defense and the subsequent offensive were torn. Millionnaya Kwantung Army was crushed.
The major success of the Soviet troops in Manchuria, achieved in the first days of the war, allowed the Soviet command of August 11 to begin an offensive in South Sakhalin. Conducting the South Sakhalin offensive operation (August 11-25, 1945) was assigned to the troops of the 16th Army of the 2nd Far Eastern Front (Commander Lieutenant Lieutenant L.G. Cheremsov) and the Northern Pacific Flotilla (Commander Admiral V.A. Indreev ).
Sakhalin Islands Defense was carried out by the 88th Japanese Infantry Division, border guard and parts of reservists. The strongest grouping (yes 5,400 people) was focused on the valley of the River Porona, not far from the state border, covering the only way from the Soviet part of Sakhalin south. In this direction, Cotonsky (Kharamitogsky) fortified area was located - up to 12 km on the front and up to 16 km in depth, which included the band of supplement, the main and second defense stripes (17 hundred dollars, 139 dumps and other structures).
The fighting on Sakhalin began a breakthrough of this fortified area. The offensive was carried out in extremely complex conditions of the area with the fierce resistance of the enemy. On August 16, a marine landline was planted in the rear of the enemy to the port of Toro (Shakhtersk). The opponent's defense of the enemy was broken by counter blows from the front and rear on August 18. Soviet troops launched a rapid offensive for the southern coast of the island. On August 20, a marine landline was planted in the port of Maoca (Holmsk), and on the morning of August 25 - in the port of Otomari (Korsakov). On the same day, Soviet troops joined the administrative center of the South Sakhalin city of Toyhar (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), fully completed the elimination of the grouping of the Japanese on the island.
The successful course of hostilities in Manchuria, Korea and South Sakhalin allowed the Soviet troops to start holding a Kuril landing operation (18 August - September 1, 1945). Her goal was the liberation of the northern group of the Kuril Islands - Schisha, Paramushir, Onekotan. For the implementation of the operation, the troops of the Kamchatka defensive region, ships and part of the Petropavlovsk Naval Baza were distinguished. The deposit included the 101st Infantry Division (without a single shelf), the divisions of sailors and border guards. It was supported from the air 128th Aviation Division and the regiment of marine aviation. On the Kuril Islands, the 5th Japanese Front had over 50 thousand soldiers and officers. The most fortified in the opposite attitude was the island of Schoshu - the nearest to Kamchatka. On August 18, under the cover of the fire of ships began landing for troops on this island. Foga allowed to achieve suddenness of the starting landing. Finding her, the enemy took a desperate attempt to discard the landed units into the sea, but his attacks did not have. During the 18-20 August, Japanese troops suffered large losses and began to go deep into the island. August 21-23, the enemy folded the weapon. More than 12 thousand. Man was captured. Looking around on August 22-23 and in other islands, the Soviet troops mastered the entire northern part of the ridges until the island of Vrup. More than 30 thousand Japanese soldiers and officers were captured. The Kuril Operation completed the landing landed on the morning of September 1 to Kunashir Island.
The operation on the Kuril Islands is characterized primarily by the skillful organization of the sea transition for a large distance (up to 800 km) and landing of landings on an unequipped coast. Personal composition was discharged from transports on the raid and was delivered to the shore on various landfill. For the actions of the landings are characterized by a secretive movement by the sea, the sudden decisive actions of advanced detachments, which ensured landing of the main forces.
On the evening of August 23, 1945, in honor of the victory of Soviet Armed Forces in the Far East, salute was produced in Moscow. On September 2, on the Linkor "Missouri", who led an anchor in the Tokyo Bay, the act on the unconditional surrender of Japan was signed. This historical day marked the end of World War II.

The Soviet-Japanese war, representing an independent part of World War II, was a logical continuation of the Patriotic War of the Soviet people for independence, security and sovereignty of their country.
What is the military-political, strategic and world-historical meaning of war?
First, the main military-political outcome of the war is the full defeat of Japanese troops in Manchuria, North Korea, on Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. The enemy losses amounted to over 677 thousand people, of which about 84 thousand killed. Soviet troops were captured by a lot of weapons and techniques. By the end of August 1945, the entire territory of Northeast China, part of the inner Mongolia and North Korea were liberated from the Japanese invaders. It accelerated the defeat of Japan and its unconditional capitulation. The main focus of aggression in the Far East was eliminated and favorable conditions were created to deploy the national liberation struggle of the Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese peoples.
Secondly, the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945 occupies a special place in the history of Soviet Military art.
The peculiarity of the Soviet-Japanese war was that it was carried out in a rapid pace, in a short time and is indicative of the achievement of strategic goals in its very beginning. The Soviet Armed Forces in this war have enriched in the practice of conducting hostilities, designed to seize the strategic initiative, maneuver's experience in the country's armed forces on a new war theater, ways to organize the interaction of land forces with the Navy. The fighting with the participation of three fronts, aviation, fleet and air defense troops are the first example of the implementation of the strategic offensive operation in the conditions of desert-steppe and mining and woodland.
Characteristic was the organizational composition of the fronts. He proceeded from the peculiarities of each strategic direction and the task that the front was supposed to decide ( a large number of Tank troops in Zabaykalsky, a significant amount of RVGK artillery in the 1st Far Eastern fronts).
The desert-steppe nature of the area allowed the troops of the Trans-Baikal Front to organize an offensive in areas with deep circumference of the fortified districts. The mountain-taiga area in the strip of the 1st Far Eastern Front led to the organization of the offensive with a breakthrough of fortified areas. Hence the sharp difference in the operation of operations by these fronts. However, their common characteristic feature was a wide maneuver with the use of coverages, bypass and the environment of the enemy groupings. Offensive actions were carried out on a greater depth and high pace. At the same time, in the Trans-Baikal front, the depth of army operations ranged from 400 to 800 km, and the pace of promotion as tank and general-official armies turned out to be much greater than in the conditions of the Western Theater of Military Action. In the 6th Guards Tank Army, they on average reached 82 km per day.
The Manchurian operation was the largest strategic offensive operation conducted in the desert-steppe and mining areas by three fronts, the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Military Flotilla. Such features of martial art are characteristic of operation, as a large spatial scope, secretion of focus and deploying troops, well-organized interaction of fronts, fleet and river flotilla, suddenness of the transition at night at the same time with all fronts, applying a strong blow to the troops of the first echelons, capturing the strategic initiative, Menuvr by forces and means, high rates of occurrence for greater depth.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe rates for the operation took into account the configuration of the Soviet-Manchur border. The covering position of the Soviet troops in relation to the enemy at the beginning of the offensive made it possible to send strikes on the flanks of the Kwantung Army, to quickly carry out a deep coverage of its main forces, disseminate them and defeat them in parts. The directions of the main strikes of the fronts were removed on the flanks and in the rear of the main group of the enemy, which deprived its connection with metropolis and strategic reserves located in Northern China. The main forces of the fronts occurred at a plot of 2720 km. Auxiliary strikes were applied with such a calculation to deprive the enemy the ability to transfer troops to the main directions. By massing to 70-90% of forces and funds in the directions of the main blows, superiority over the enemy was provided: in humans - by 1.5-1.7 times, in the guns - in 4-4.5, in tanks and sau - in 5 -8, in airplanes - 2.6 times.
The most characteristic features of front-line and army operations were: high depth (from 200 to 800 km); Wide offensive bands that have reached 700-2300 km in fronts, and in most armies 200-250 km; Application of a maneuver in order to cover, bypass and surrounding the enemy groupings; High races of the offensive (up to 40-50 km per day, and on some days more than 100 km). The general and tank army in most cases occurred to the completion of the front-line operation for all its depth.
In tactics of rifle troops, the transition is the most instructive to the offensive at night with adverse meteorological conditions and in difficult areas of the terrain, the implementation of the strengthened area breakthrough. When a breakthrough of the fortifications of the division and the corps had deep combat order and created large densities of forces and means - up to 200-240 guns and mortars, 30-40 tanks and SAU 1 km of front.
Deserves a breakthrough of fortifications at night, without artillery and aviation preparation. In the development of the offensive in the depth, the advanced devices were played, allocated from the divisions and buildings of the first echelon armies, as part of a battalion-regiment of infantry on vehicles, reinforced with tanks (to the brigade), artillery (to the regiment), saphers, chemists and relations. The separation of advanced detachments from the main forces was 10-50 km. These detachments destroyed the foci of resistance, captured road nodes, passals. The strongest focus and the resistance of the detachments went around without interference to the protracted battles. Their sudden flops, a decisive progress in the depths of the enemy did not give the opponent's ability to organize defense with the detachments of cover.
The experience of applying tank joints and associations in the conditions of the Far East has shown that these areas (including the Grand Hingan Ridge) are available for large masses of troops equipped with modern combat equipment. The increased possibilities of armored vehicles provided the massive use of tank troops in hard-to-reach areas. At the same time, the wide operational use of tank joints and associations skillfully combined with the use of tanks for direct infantry support. Especially instructive were the actions of the 6th Guards Tank Army, which, coming in the first echelon of the front in the strip of about 200 km, advanced to a depth of over 800 km. This created favorable conditions for the actions of the general-official armies.
Characteristic for the actions of our aviation was its domination in the air. In total, more than 14 thousand combat airplanes were made. Aviation applied bomb strikes on objects in the rear, destroyed the supporting points and resistance nodes, supported terrestrial troops when pursuing the enemy, carried out amphibious operations, as well as the supply of troops combustible and ammunition.
Thirdly, for the Soviet people, the war against Japan was fair, and for the victims of the Japanese aggression and the Japanese themselves - a humane nature, which ensured the sufficient level of the patriotic lift of Soviet people who strive to restore historical justice, gave rise to the mass heroism of the Red Army and Naval Fleet in the fight against Japanese aggressors and ensured moral support for the USSR accession to the war on the part of world public opinion.
One of the decisive factors that provided victory was the high moral and political state of the personnel of our troops. In a cruel battle, such mighty sources of victories of the Soviet people and his army, as the patriotism and friendship of peoples, were manifested. Soviet fighters and commanders showed miracles of mass heroism, exceptional courage, durability and military mastery.
In small, but hot battles in the Far East, the immortal feats of the heroes of the war with the German-fascist invaders were repeated, persistence and courage, skill and valor, readiness to sacrifice life in the name of Victory. A vivid example of heroism is the exploits of Soviet soldiers who closed the ambrusuras and the loopholes of Japanese women and sucks, the firing points of the enemy. Such feats made a border guard of the 3rd outpost of the red-known Khasanian border project Sergeant P.I. Ovchinnikov, arrows of the 1034th rifle regiment of the 28th rifle division of the Trans-Baikal Front Efreitor V.G. Bulba, Parkorg Battalion of the 205th Tank Brigade of the 2nd Far Eastern Front I.V. Batamov, Machine gunner of the 254th rifle regiment 39th rifle Divisia of the same front Efreitor M.Ya. Pratra.
A number of feats of self-sacrifice were associated with the protection of their commander's fighters. So, the Efreitor Samarin of the 97th Artillery Division of the 109th Strongs at the time when the battery commander threatened danger, closed it with his body.
The heroic feat made the 390th Battalion of the 13th Brigade of Marine Corps Sergeant A. Mishatkin. She crushed his hand to him, but after the dressing he again entered the battle. Once surrounded, the sergeant won, when the enemy soldiers fit closer, and undermined himself to the anti-tank grenade, destroying 6 Japanese.
Fearless and skillful showed himself a pilot of the 22nd Fighter Aviation Regiment Lieutenant V.G. The Cherepnin, who shot down a japanese plane with a shock. In the sky of Korea, the Fiery Taran committed the commander of the 37th assault aviation regiment Jr. Lieutenant Mikhail Yanko, who sent his burning aircraft to the port facilities of the enemy.
Soviet warriors were heroically fought for the liberation of the largest and fortified island of Kuril Ridge - Schisha, where strong defense was created, a developed system of dolots and sucks, trenches and anti-tank RVs, the infantry parts of the enemy supported a significant amount of artillery and tanks. Group feat in battle with 25 Japanese tanks, which accompanied the infantry, made a senior sergeant I.I. Kobzar, Farming of the 2nd article P.V. Babich, Sergeant N.M. Rinda, sailor N.K. Vlasenko led by a platoon commander of demolitions by Lieutenant A.M. Waters. Especially not to miss the tanks through combat positions, save comrades, Soviet warriors, having exhausted all means of struggle and not having the opportunity to stop the enemy, with a bundles of a grenade rushed under the enemy cars and, sacrificing themselves, destroyed seven of them, which detained the promotion of the enemy's armored column Before approaching the main forces of our landing. From the whole group, only Peter Babich remained alive, which also told the details about the feat of the heroes.
In the same battle, the junior sergeant Georgy Balandin spelled 2 enemy tanks, and when the anti-tank rifle failed, rushed with a grenade under the third.
For fighting feats and differences between orders and medals, more than 308 thousand people were awarded. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded 86 warriors, 6 people were awarded the second medal "Golden Star". The compounds and parts that most distinguished in battles in the Far East were awarded the names of the Hinang, Amur, Ussuri, Harbin, Mukden, Sakhalin, Kuril, Port Arthur. On September 30, 1945, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was established by the Medal "For the victory over Japan".

Guidelines.
When preparing for classes, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the recommended literature, prepare for the demonstration of the operations scheme.
An occupation is desirable to conduct a compound or part in the museum, during it it is advisable to organize the viewing of documentary and artistic films about the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945.
When illuminating the first question, using the operations schemes, it is necessary to show the location and the ratio of the forces of the opposing parties at different stages of the war, emphasizing that it is an outstanding model of Soviet Military art. In addition, it is necessary to tell in detail about the exploits, bring examples of the courage and heroism of Soviet soldiers.
During the consideration of the second question, it is necessary to objectively show the importance, the role and place of the Soviet-Japanese war of 1945 in domestic historiography, to consider the contribution of that kind of troops in more detail in more detail.
In conclusion, the classes need to make brief conclusions, answer questions of the listeners.

Recommended literature:
1. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union of 1941-1945 at 12 t. T.1. The main events of the war. - M.: Milivdat, 2011.
2. Military historical atlas of Russia. - M .. 2006.
3. World War History. - Minsk: Harvest, 2004.
4. History of World War II 1939 -1945. - M., 1976.

Dmitry Dumplock

The question of the USSR accession to the war with Japan was decided at the Conference in Yalta on February 11, 1945 by a special agreement. It was envisaged that the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan on the side of the allied powers 2-3 months after the surrender of Germany and the end of the war in Europe. Japan has rejected the requirement of the United States, the United Kingdom and China on July 26, 1945 to fold the weapons and unconditionally capitulate.

According to V. Davydov in the evening on August 7, 1945 (two days before the official gap of Moscow, the Soviet military aviation unexpectedly began to bomb the roads of Manchuria.

On August 8, 1945, the USSR declared the war of Japan. By order of the Supreme Commander, in August 1945, preparations began to prepare for military operation on landing for the Marine Guard in the port of Dalian (Far) and the liberation of Lyushun (Port Arthur) together with the parts of the 6th Guards Tank Army from the Japanese occupiers in the Liaodong Peninsula of the North China. The 117th aircraft aircraft of the Pacific Pacific Fleet, which was trained in Sukhodol under Vladivostok, was preparing for operation.

On August 9, the Troops of the Trans-Baikal, 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts, in collaboration with the Pacific Navy and the Amur River Floutilla, began fighting against Japanese troops at the front of more than 4 thousand kilometers.

The 39th Combine Army was part of the Trans-Baikal Front, which was commanded by the Marshal of the Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky. Commander of the 39th Army - Colonel-General I. I. Ludnikov, Member of the Military Council General-Major Boyko V. R., Chief of Staff General Major Siminovsky M.I.

The task of the 39th Army was a breakthrough, a strike from Tszeg-Bulgarian protrusion, Halun-Arshhansky and, together with the 34th Army, Highlard Refined Areas. 39th, 53-Yaobshchevskovskaya and the 6th Guards Tank Army made from the district of Choibalsan in the territory of the MTR and advanced to the state border of the Mongolian People's Republic and Manzhou-go to 250-300 km.

In order to better organize the transfer of troops to the areas of concentration and further to the areas of deployment, the headquarters of the Trans-Baikal Front sent in advance to Irkutsk and at the station Karym special groups of officers. On the night of August 9, advanced battalions and reconnaissance detachments of three fronts in extremely adverse weather conditions - the summer monsoon, bringing frequent and strong rains, - moved to the enemy's territory.

In accordance with the order, the main forces of the 39th Army moved the border of Manchuria at 4:30 am on August 9. Research and detachments began to act much earlier - at 00 hours of 05 minutes. The 39th Army had 262 tanks and 133 self-propelled artillery installations at its disposal. She was supported by the 6th Major General I. P. Loka, based on the airfields of Tszemeag-Bulgarian protrusion. The army struck the troops included in the 3rd front of the Kwantung Army.

On August 9, the Head Watch of the 262nd Division came to the Khalun-Arshan - Solun railway. Halun-Arshansky fortified area, as the division exploration has found out the 107th Japanese Infantry Division.

To the outcome of the first day of the offensive, the Soviet tank workers made a throw by 120-150 km. Advanced troops of the 17th and 39th armies have advanced by 60-70 km.

On August 10, the Mongolian People's Republic of the USSR was joined by the statement of the USSR and declared Japan's war.

Treaty of the USSR - China

On August 14, 1945, the signing of an agreement on friendship and union between the USSR and China, agreements on the Chinese Changchun Railway, about Port Arthur and Far. On August 24, 1945, the Treaty on Friendship and Union and Agreement was ratified by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. The contract was concluded for 30 years.

By agreement on the Chinese Changchun Railway, the former CERE and its part - the South Manchu Railway, coming from Manchuria station to Suifenhe Station and from Harbin to Far and Port Arthur, passed to the common property of the USSR and China. The agreement was 30 years. After this period of the KSC, KChzh was to be free to transfer to the full ownership of China.

The Agreement on Port Arthur provided for the transformation of this port into the naval base, open for warships and merchant ships only China and the USSR. The term of the agreement was determined in 30 years. After this period, the naval base of Port Arthur was to be transferred to the ownership of China.

The far was declared a free port, open for trade and shipping of all countries. The Chinese government agreed to allocate in the port for transfer to the USSR rental of pier and warehouses. In the event of the war with Japan, the Military Base Military Base was to be distributed, determined by the Port Arthur Agreement. The term of the agreement was established in 30 years.

At the same time, on August 14, 1945, an agreement was signed on the relationship between the Soviet Commander-in-Chief and the Chinese administration after the entry of Soviet troops into the territory of the northeastern provinces for joint military operations against Japan. After the arrival of Soviet troops on the territory of the northeastern provinces of China, the supreme power and responsibility in the military operations zone in all military issues was resting on the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Armed Forces. The Chinese government appointed a representative who had to establish the administration and lead it in the territory purified from the enemy, to assist in establishing the interaction between the Soviet and Chinese armed forces on the returned territories between the Soviet and Chinese Armed Forces, to ensure the active cooperation of the Chinese administration with the Soviet commander-in-chief.

Martialctions

Soviet-japanese war

On August 11, part of the 6th Guards Tank Army General A. G. Kravchenko overcame Big Hinghan.

The first of the rifle compounds came to the eastern rocks of the mountain range 17th Guards Rifle Division General A. P. Kvashnin.

During August 12-14, the Japanese took a lot of contraclus in the areas of Lignxi, Solun, Vanyamao, Bowl. However, the Troops of the Trans-Baikal Front inflicted strong blows along the counterattaking enemy and continued to move rapidly in southeast.

On August 13, the compounds and parts of the 39 of the army were traded by the cities of Ulan-Hoto and Solun. After that, the attack on Changchun was deployed.

On August 13, the 6th Guards Tank Army, which had 1019 tanks in its composition, broke through Japanese defense and entered the strategic space. The Kwantung Army had nothing left, except for departing through the Yalu River to North Korea, where its resistance continued until August 20.

In the Highlard direction, where the 94th rifle case came, it was possible to surround and eliminate the large grouping of the enemy cavalry. About a thousand cavalry officers, including two generals, were captured. One of them is Lieutenant-General Gullin, commander of the 10th Military District, was taken to the headquarters of the army.

On August 13, 1945, US President Harry Truman gave an order to take the port of far before the Russians fall there. Make it Americans gathered on ships. The Soviet command decided to get ahead of the United States: so far Americans will pay down to the Liaodong Peninsula, Soviet troops will fall out their landing on the hydrosines.

During the Hingano-Mukden front offensive operation, the troops of the 39th Army struck from Tszemeg-Bulgarian protrusion under the troops of the 30th, 44th armies and the left flank of the 4th separate Japanese army. Defeating the enemy's troops, covering the approaches to the passes of Big Hinghan, the army took possession of the Halun-Arshansky fortified area. Developing an offensive to Changchun, advanced with battles for 350-400 km and by August 14th came to the central part of Manchuria.

Marshal Malinovsky set a new task in front of the 39th army: in extremely short time to take the territory of Southern Manchuria, acting by strong advanced detachments towards Mukden, Incou, Andong.

By August 17, the 6th Guards Tank Army advanced a few hundred kilometers - and the Changchun city of Manchuria remained about a hundred and fifty kilometers.

On August 17, the first Far Eastern Front broke the resistance of the Japanese in the east of Manchuria, took the largest city in the region - Mudanjiang.

On August 17, the Kwantung Army received an order of his command about the surrender. But he did not immediately reach everyone, and in some places where the Japanese acted and contrary to the orders. On a number of plots, they carried out strong confruders and carried out regrouping, seeking to take advantageous operational borders on the Jinzhou line - Changchun - Girin - Tuman. Almost military actions continued until September 2, 1945. And the 84th Cavalry division of General T. V. Dedeoglu, which came to the environment on August 15-18 to the northeast of the city of Nenny, the fighting was carried out until September 7-8.

By August 18, on all over the Trans-Baikal Front, the Soviet-Mongolian troops came to the railway line Baipin - Changchun, and the shock force of the main group of the front - the 6th Guards Tank Army - broke out for the approaches to Mukden and Changchuhen.

On August 18, the commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East Marshal A. Vasilevsky gave an order about the occupation of the Japanese Island Hokkaido forces of two rifle divisions. This landing was not carried out due to a delay in the promotion of Soviet troops in southern Sakhalin, and then postponed until the rate was specified.

On August 19, Soviet troops took Mukden (air landing 6 GW. TA, 113 SC) and Changchun (air landing 6 gv. Ta) - the largest cities of Manchuria. At the airfield in Mukden, the emperor of the state of Manzhou-go - Pu I.

By August 20, South Sakhalin, Manchuria, Kuril Islands and part of Korea were occupied by Soviet troops.

Asians in Port Arthur and Far

On August 22, 1945, 27 aircraft of the 117th aircraft regiment climbed into the air and took the course to port far. A total of 956 people participated in the landing. Commanded by the landing General A. A. Yamanov. The route ran over the sea, hereinafter - through the Korean Peninsula, along the coast of North China. The excitement of the sea at the landing was about two points. The seaplates sat one after another in the port of the port. The paratroopers have transplanted on inflatable boats on which they sailed to the pier. After landing, the landing acted according to the combat task: took a shipbuilding plant, a dry dock (construction where ships are repaired), warehouses. The coast guard immediately starred and was replaced with his watch. At the same time, the Soviet command took the capitulation of the Japanese garrison.

On the same day, on August 22, at 3 o'clock in the day, airplanes with a landing with fighters rose from Mukden. Soon, part of the aircraft turned to the port port. The landing in Port Arthur, which consists of 10 aircraft with 205 paratroopers, commanded the Deputy Commander of the Trans-Baikal Front, Colonel General V. D. Ivanov. Asian was the head of intelligence Boris Likhachev.

Airplanes one after another dropped on a flying field. Ivanov gave an order to immediately take all the exits and capture heights. The paratroopers immediately disarmed several sites near the garrison, took captivity about 200 Japanese soldiers and marine law officers. Capturing several cargo and passenger cars, paratroopers went to the western part of the city, where the other part of the Japanese garrison was grouped. By evening, the overwhelming majority of garrison capitulated. The head of the sea garrison of the fortress Vice Admiral Kobayashi surrendered with his headquarters.

The next day, disarmament continued. A total of 10 thousand soldiers and officers of the Japanese army and fleet were captured.

Soviet soldiers released about a hundred prisoners: the Chinese, Japanese and Koreans.

On August 23, an air landing of sailors, headed by General E. N. Preobrazhensky, landed in Port Arthur.

On August 23, the Japanese flag was launched in the presence of Soviet soldiers and officers and the Soviet fortress was silent over the fortress.

August 24 in Port Arthur arrived part of the 6th Guards Tank Army. On August 25, a new reinforcement arrived - marine paratroopers at 6 flying boats of the Pacific Fleet. 12 boats are driven in a far, additionally landing 265 marines. Soon, the profits of the 39th army in the composition of two rifle and one mechanized enclosures with the parts led by it and freed the entire Liaodan Peninsula with the cities of Dalian (Far) and Lyushun (Port Arthur) were released. General V.D. Ivanov was appointed to the commandant of the fortress of Port Arthur and the head of the garrison.

When parts of the 39th Army of the Republic of Red Army went to Port Arthur, two squads of American troops on high-speed landing vessels have tried to land ashore and take a bomb favorable from a strategic point. Soviet soldiers opened the automotive fire in the air, and the Americans stopped falling down.

As it was designed, by the time American ships approached the port, he was all busy with Soviet parts. A few days of standing at the external raid of the port port, the Americans were forced to leave this area.

On August 23, 1945, Soviet troops entered Port Arthur. The commander of the 39th Army General-Colonel I. I. Ludnikov became the first Soviet commandant of Port Arthur.

Not fulfilled Americans and their obligations to divide the burden of occupation of the Island of Hokkaido with the Red Army, the leaders of three powers agreed. But General Douglas MacArthur, who had a great influence on President Harry Truman, resolutely opposed to this. And the Soviet troops did not step on the territory of Japan. True, the USSR, in turn, did not allow the Pentagon to accommodate his military bases on Kurilla.

On August 22, 1945, the G. Jinzhou was liberated by the advanced parts of the 6th Guards Tank Army.

On August 24, 1945, the squad of the Akilov Lieutenant Colonel from the 61st Tank Division of the 39th Army in the city of Dashitsa Plenyl headquarters 17 of the Front of the Quantong Army. In Mukden and the Far Soviet troops, large groups of American soldiers and officers were liberated from the Japanese captivity.

On September 8, 1945, a parade of Soviet troops in honor of victory over imperialist Japan took place in Harbin. He commanded the parade of Lieutenant General K. P. Kazakov. He took the parade of the head of the Harbinsky garrison - Colonel-General A. P. Beloborodov.

To establish the peaceful life and interaction of the Chinese authorities with the Soviet military administration, 92 Soviet Commands were created in Manchuria. Mukden's commandant became Major General Kovtun-Stankevich A. I., Port Arthur - Colonel Voloshin.

In October 1945, the US 7th Fleet ships with the Khomintovsky landing approached the port port. The commander of the squadron Vice-Admiral Settle intended to enter ships to the port. Far Commander, deputy. The Commander of the 39th Army, Lieutenant-General G. K. Kozlov demanded to take off the squadron by 20 miles from the coast in accordance with the sanctions of the mixed Soviet-Chinese commission. Settle continued to persist, and Kozlov had nothing left, to remind the American admiral about the Soviet coastal defense: "She knows his task and will cope with it." After receiving a convincing warning, the American squadron was forced to get out of the ravis. Later, the American squadron, imitating the airline to the city, also tried unsuccessfully to penetrate Port Arthur.

Withdrawal of Soviet troops from China

After the war, Port Arthur's commandant and commander of the grouping of Soviet troops in China in the Liaodong Peninsula (Kwantong) until 1947 was I. I. Ludnikov.

On September 1, 1945, the order of the Commander of the Bimv of the Trans-Baikal Front No. 41/0368 61st Tank Division was displayed from the composition of the 39th army for front-line submission. By September 9, 1945, it should be prepared for his progress on winter apartments in Choibalsan. On the basis of the Office of the 192nd Rifle Division, the 76th Orsha-Hingansky Red Banner Division of the Konvoy Troops of the NKVD for the protection of Japanese prisoners of war, which was then removed in the city of Chita.

In November 1945, the Sovetskogo command introduced the Homintan authorities a plan for the evacuation of troops by December 3 of the same year. In accordance with this plan, the Soviet parts were allocated from Incou and Halludao and from the area to the south of Shenyang. In the late autumn of 1945, the Soviet troops left the city of Harbin.

However, the beginning of the conclusion of the Soviet troops was suspended at the request of the Khomintan government until the establishment of the organization of the civil administration in Manchuria and the transit of the Chinese army there. On February 22 and 23, 1946, anti-Soviet demonstrations were held in Chongqing, Nanjing and Shanghai.

In March 1946, the Soviet leadership decided to immediately withdraw the Soviet army from Manchuria.

On April 14, 1946, the Soviet troops of the Trans-Baikal Front, headed by Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky evacuated from Changchun in Harbin. Immediately prepared for the evacuation of troops and from Harbin. On April 19, 1946, a meeting of the public of the city was held, dedicated to the wires of leaving Manchuria parts of the Red Army. April 28, Soviet troops left Harbin.

In the Liaodong Peninsula, in accordance with the 1945 treaty, the 39th Army remained:

113 SC (262 SD, 338 SD, 358 SD);

5 gv. SC (17 GV.SD, 19 GV.SD, 91 GV.SD);

7 meh.d, 6 gv.adp, 14 zenad, 139 APABR, 150 yards; And also transmitted from the 6th Guards Tank Army, the 7th Novoukrain-Hinang Corps, which was soon reformed into the division of the same name.

7th bombarding aircraft case; In the joint use of Port Arthur naval base. The location of their deployment was Port Arthur and the port of the distant, that is, the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula and the Guangdun Peninsula, located on the south-western tip of the Liaodo Peninsula. Small Soviet garrisons remained along the QUCT line.

In the summer of 1946, the 91st GW. SD was reorganized in the 25th GW. machine gun-artillery division. 262, 338, 358 SD were disbanded at the end of 1946 and the personnel was transferred to the 25th GW. Pub.

Troops of the 39th Army in the PRC

In April-May 1946, the Kuomintan troops during the fighting with noa closely approached the Guangardon Peninsula, almost the Soviet naval database of Port Arthur. In this difficult situation, the command of the 39th Army was forced to take counter measures. The headquarters of the Kuhomintan army, the colonel M. A. Voloshin, left the headquarters in the direction of Guangdun, with a group of officers. The Komintan commander was stated that the territory for marked on the map is 8-10 km marked on a map of 8-10 km north of Guangland, is under the fire of our artillery. In the event of further promotion of the Khomintan troops, hazardous consequences may arise. The commander with reluctant gave a promise to the distinction line not to cross. This most managed to reassure the local population and the Chinese administration.

In 1947-1953, the Soviet 39th army in the Liaodong Peninsula commanded the Colonel-General twice Hero of the Soviet Union of Afanasy Pavlandevich Beloborodov (Headquarters in Port Arthur). He was the eldest head of the whole grouping of Soviet troops in China.

Head of Staff - General Grigory Nikiforovich Crossroads, who in the Manchurian strategic offensive operation commanded the 65th Rifle Corps, Member of the Military Council - General I. P. Konnov, Head of Political Operation - Colonel Nikita Stepanovich Dyubin, Commander Artillery - General Yuri Pavlovich Bazhanov and Deputy Civil administration - Colonel V. A. Greeks.

In Port Arthur, there was a Navy base, whose commander was Vice Admiral Vasily Andreevich Tsipanovich.

In 1948, the American military base was operated on the Shandong Peninsula, 200 kilometers from the Far. Each day, an intelligence plane appeared from there and at a low altitude, one and the same route took place and photographed Soviet and Chinese objects, airfields. Soviet pilots stopped these flights. The Americans sent a note from the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs with a statement about the attack of Soviet fighters to "Light passenger plane", but the reconnaissance flights above the Liaodulus stopped.

In June 1948, large joint teachings of all kinds of troops were held in Port Arthur. The general leadership of the exercises carried out Malinovsky, S. A. Krasovsky arrived from Khabarovsk - Commander of the Far Eastern Air Force. The exercises took place in two main stages. On the first - the reflection of the marine assault of the conditional opponent. On the second - imitation of applying a massive bombing strike.

In January 1949, the Soviet government delegation headed by A. I. Mikoyan arrived in China. He conducted an inspection of Soviet enterprises, military facilities in Port Arthur, and also met with Mao Zedong.

At the end of 1949, a large delegation was arrived in Port Arthur, headed by the Prime Minister of the State Administrative Council of the PRC Zhou Egnulam, who met with the commander of the 39th Army Beloborodov. At the proposal of the Chinese side, the general meeting of Soviet and Chinese military was held. At the meeting, where more than a thousand Soviet and Chinese military workers were present, Zhou Eclai made a big speech. On behalf of the Chinese people, the Soviet military he handed the banner. It was embroidered with the words of gratitude to the Soviet people and his army.

In December 1949 and February 1950, in the Soviet-Chinese negotiations in Moscow, an agreement was reached to train the "Frames of the Chinese Navy" in Port Arthur, with the subsequent transfer of part of the Soviet ships in China, to prepare a planning operation plan for Taiwan in the Soviet General Staff and send to PRC Grouping of air defense troops and the required number of Soviet military advisers and specialists.

In 1949, the 7th tank was reorganized in the 83rd mixed aircraft.

In January 1950, the Hero of the Soviet Union General Rykachev Yu. B. was appointed commander of the Corps

The further fate of the corps was formed as follows: in 1950, the 179th Bad redeemed the Aviation of the Pacific Fleet, but it was based on the same place. The 860th BAP was the 1540th MTAP. At the same time, the Shad was brought to the USSR. When a MiG-15 regiment was placed in Sanshilip, Minno-torpedo air strikes were transferred to Jinzhou airfield. Two shelf (fightering on La-9 and mixed on Tu-2 and Il-10) in 1950 were relocated in Shanghai and several months provided an air cover of its objects.

On February 14, 1950, the Soviet-Chinese treaty on friendship, union and mutual assistance was concluded. At this time, the Soviet bombarding aviation was already based in Harbin.

On February 17, 1950, the operational group of Soviet military members arrived in China: Colonel-General Batitsky P. F., Vysotsky B. A., Yakushin M. N., Spiridonov S. L., General Slyusarev (Transbaikal Military District). and a number of other specialists.

On February 20, Colonel-General Batitsky P. F. met with his deputies with Mao Zedong, who returned from Moscow on the eve.

The Khomintan regime, which under the protection of the United States strengthened in Taiwan, is hardly equipped with American military equipment and weapons. In Taiwan, under the guidance of American specialists, aviation units for attacking the major cities of China, 1950, an immediate threat arose for the largest industrial and shopping center - Shanghai.

The Chinese air defense was extremely weak. At the same time, at the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopts a resolution to create a group of air defense and send it to the PRC to fulfill the combat international task on the organization of air defense of Shanghai and conducting hostilities; - to appoint a P. F. General Lieutenant P. F., the Deputy - General of Slyusarev S. A., Deputy Headquarters - Colonel Vysotsky B. A., Deputy For Politchasts - Colonel Bakseva P. A., Commander of Fighter Aviation - Colonel Yakushin M. N., head of the rear - Colonel Mironova M. V.

Shanghai air defense was carried out by 52 anti-airflower division under the command of Colonel Spiridonova S. L., Chief of Staff Colonel Antonov, as well as parts of fighter aircraft, anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft projectors, radio engineering and rear formed from Moscow's troops.

The combat composition of the Air Defense Group included:

three Chinese anti-aircraft guns of medium caliber armed with Soviet 85-mm cannons, Poazo-3 and range finders.

an anti-aircraft rack of a small caliber armed with Soviet 37-mm cannons.

fighter-Aviation Regiment MiG-15 (commander Lieutenant Colonel Pashkevich).

the fighter-aviation regiment on Lag-9 aircraft was relocated to the flight from the distant airfield.

zenito-projector regiment (CPR) - commander Colonel Lysenko.

radiotechnical battalion (RTB).

the battalions of the airfield and maintenance (ATO) were remarked by one of the Moscow region, the second from the far.

During the deployment of troops, a wired communication was used mainly, which reduced the possibility of the enemy to listen to the operation of radio resources and dialing the grouping radio stations. For the organization of telephone communication combat orders, urban cable telephone networks of Chinese communication nodes were used. Radio communication was launched only partially. Control receivers who worked for listening to the enemy were mounted in conjunction with anti-aircraft guns. The radio network was prepared for action in case of wired communication. Signatures provided from the Communication Node of the CP Group at the Shanghai International Station and the nearest district Chinese telephone station.

Until the end of March 1950, American-Taiwanese aircraft appeared unhindered and unpunished in the airspace of East China. Since April, they began to act more carefully, the presence of Soviet fighters, who conducted training flights with Shanghai airfields.

During the period from April to October 1950, the Shanghai air defense was made in combat readiness a total of about fifty times, when the anti-aircraft artillery opened the fire and rose to the interception fighters. In just this time, four bombarders were destroyed by means of air defense Shanghai. Two aircraft voluntarily flew to the side of the PRC. In six air battles, the Soviet pilots shot down six opponent aircraft without losing a single one. In addition, the four Chinese anti-airflower regiments shot down another K-24 plane.

In September 1950, General P. F. Batitsky was withdrawn to Moscow. Instead, his deputy general S. V. Slyusarev joined the post of commander of the Air Defense Group. At the beginning of October, at the beginning of October from Moscow received a decree on retraining Chinese military and the transfer of military equipment and the entire air defense system to the Chinese Command of the Air Force and Air Defense. By mid-November 1953, the preparation program was completed.

With the beginning of the war in Korea by agreement between the Government of the USSR and the PRC in the North-East of China, large Soviet aviation units were stationed, defending the industrial centers of this area from the raids of American bombers. The Soviet Union has taken the necessary measures to build up its armed forces in the Far East, to further strengthen and develop the Naval Base of Port Arthur. She was an important link in the defense system of the eastern borders of the USSR, and in particular Northeast China. Later, in September 1952, confirming this role Port Arthur, the Chinese government appealed to the Soviet leadership with a request to postpone the transfer of this base from the collaboration with the USSR to the Completion of the PRC. The request was satisfied.

On October 4, 1950, 11 American aircraft were shot down by the Soviet intelligence aircraft A-20 Tof, which carried out the planned flight in the port Arthur area. Three crew members died. On October 8, two American aircraft took an attack on the Soviet airfield in Primorye dry river. 8 Soviet aircraft were damaged. These incidents escalated the already intense atmosphere on the border with Korea, where additional parts of the Air Force, air defense and land forces of the USSR were deployed.

The entire grouping of the Soviet troops was subordinate to Marshal Malinovsky and not only served as a rear basis for the warring North Korea, but also a powerful potential "shock fist" against American troops in the Far East region. The personnel of the Ground Forces of the USSR with the families of officers in Liaodul was more than 100,000 people. In the port of Port Arthur, 4 armored trains were kicked.

By the beginning of the hostilities, the Soviet aviation grouping in China consisted of 83 mixed airproof (2 mead, 2 dietary supplements, 1 s); 1 IAP Navy, 1TAP Navy; In March 1950, 106 air defense iad (2 JEAP, 1 SBSAP) arrived. Of these and newly arrived parts, at the beginning of November 1950, the 64th special fighter aviakorpus was formed.

Total for the period of war in Korea and the casion negotiations following her, twelve fighter divisions changed (28th, 151st, 303, 324th, 97th, 190th, 32nd, 216th , 133rd, 37th, 100th), two separate night fighter shelf (351st and 258th), two fighter regiment from the Air Force of the Navy (578th and 781th), four anti-aircraft artillery divisions (87th, 92nd, 28th and 35th), two aviation and technical divisions (18th and 16th) and other parts of the provision.

The corps in different periods commanded the Major General I. V. Belov, G. A. Lobov and Lieutenant General Aviation S. V. Slyusarev.

The 64th Fighter Aviation Corps took part in hostilities from November 1950 to July 1953. The total number of personnel of the corps was approximately 26 thousand people. And she remained so until the end of the war. As of November 1, 1952, 440 pilots and 320 aircraft were in the corps. In service with the 64th, IAC initially consisted of aircraft MiG-15, Yak-11 and La-9, in the future they were replaced by MiG-15BIS, MiG-17 and La-11.

According to Soviet data, Soviet fighters from November 1950 to July 1953 in 1872 air battles were shot down by 1106 opponent aircraft. From June 1951, 153 aircraft were destroyed by the fire artillery of the corps from June 1951, and only 1259 opponent aircraft of various types were shot down by 1259 of the 64th. The loss of aircraft in air battles conducted by the pilots of the contingent of Soviet troops amounted to 335 MiG-15. Soviet aviation divisions who participated in the reflection of US aviation raids lost 120 pilots. The loss of anti-aircraft artillery in personnel amounted to 68 people killed and 165 wounded. The total loss of the contingent of Soviet troops in Korea amounted to 299 people, of which the officers - 138, sergeants and soldiers - 161. As Major General A. Kalugin remembered, "we took the time of 1954. I carried the combat on duty, departed to interceptions when groups appear American aircraft, which happened daily and several times a day. "

In 1950, the main military adviser and at the same time military attache in China was Lieutenant General Pavel Mikhailovich Kotov-Lomankov, then Lieutenant-General A. V. Petrushevsky and the Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel-General S. A. Krasovsky.

The chief military adviser was subject to senior advisers of various kinds of troops, military districts and academies. These advisors were: in artillery - Major General Artillery M. A. Nikolsky, in the armored troops - Major General of the Tank Troop Troops G. E. Cherkasi, in the air defense - Major General Artillery V. M. Dobryansky, in the military-air Forces - Major General of Aviation S. D. Pants, and in the Navy - Council Admiral A. V. Kuzmin.

Soviet military assistance had a significant impact on the course of hostilities in Korea. For example, assistance provided by Soviet Sailors Korean Navy (Senior Naval Counselor in the DPRK - Admiral Kapanadze). With the help of Soviet specialists in coastal waters, more than 3 thousand mines of Soviet production were delivered. The first ship of the United States who broke out on Mine, on September 26, 1950 was the destroyer "Bram". The second, who appeared on the contact mine, is the Menchfield destroyer. The third is the Magpai Merper. In addition to them, they were injured in mines and sank the watchdog and 7 trashmen.

The participation of Soviet land forces in the Korean War is not advertised and has been classified so far. And, nevertheless, throughout the war in North Korea, Soviet troops were located, a total of about 40 thousand military personnel. They included military advisers with KNA, military specialists and servicemen of the 64th Fighter Aviation Corps (IAK). The total number of specialists was 4,293 people (including 4020-soldiers and 273 - Wolnonamed), most of which were in the country until the beginning of the Korean War. Advisors were under communal communities and heads of the Korean People's Army services, in infantry divisions and individual infantry brigades, infantry and artillery shelves, individual combat and curriculums, in officers and political schools, in rear connections and parts.

Veniamin Nikolayevich Bersenev, a year and nine months who fought in North Korea, says: "I was a Chinese volunteer and wore the form of the Chinese army. For this, we were jokingly called "Chinese chickles". Many Soviet soldiers and officers served in Korea. And their families did not even know about it. "

Soviet aircraft involverships in Korea and China, I. A. Seyidov, notes: "In China and North Korea, the Soviet parts and air defense units also observed disguise, performing the task in the form of Chinese folk volunteers."

V. Smirnov testifies: "Starked Dalian, who asked to call His uncle Zhora (in those years, he was a volincident worker in the Soviet military unit, and the name of Zhora was given by Soviet soldiers), said that Soviet pilots, tankers, artilleryrs helped Korean people in reflection American aggression, but they fought in the form of Chinese volunteers. The dead were buried in the cemetery in Port Arthur. "

The work of the Soviet military advisers was highly appreciated by the Government of the DPRK. In October 1951, 76 people for selfless work "to assist KNA in its struggle against American-English Interventory" and "selfless return of their energy and abilities to the common cause of peace and security of nations" were awarded Korean national orders. Due to the unwillingness of the Soviet leadership, to publish publicity, the presence of Soviet soldiers in the territory of Korea, their stay in the existing parts from September 15, 1951 was "officially" forbidden. And, nevertheless, it is known that the 52nd Zenad from September to December 1951 held 1093 battery shootings and hit 50 opponent aircraft on the territory of North Korea.

On May 15, 1954, the American government published documents that established the size of the participation of Soviet troops in the Korean War. According to the given data, about 20,000 Soviet soldiers and officers were located as part of the North Korean army. Two months before the conclusion of the truce, the Soviet contingent was reduced to 12,000 people.

American radar and overheard system, according to the fighter pilot B. S. Abakumov, controlled the mode of operation of Soviet airlines. Monthly in North Korea and China threw a large number of saboteurs with various tasks, including seizure of someone from Russians to prove their presence in the country. American scouts were equipped with first-class information transfer techniques and could mask radio equipment under water rice fields. Due to the high-quality and operational work of the agent, the enemy side was often informed even about the departures of Soviet aircraft, up to the designation of their side numbers. Veteran 39 Samohelev's Army F. E., Commander of the Staff Right of Communication 17 GW. SD, recalled: "It cost our parts to start moving or aircraft to climb into the air, as an enemy radio station immediately began to work. Catch the gunner was extremely difficult. They knew the terrain well and skillfully masked. "

The American and Homintan Intelligence constantly actively acted in China. The Center for American Intelligence called "Research Bureau for Far Eastern Affairs" was located in Hong Kong, in Taipei - School for the training of saboteurs and terrorists. On April 12, 1950, Chan Kaisha gave a secret order to establish special units in Southeast China for the implementation of terrorist acts against Soviet specialists. In it, in particular, it was said: "... to widely deploy terrorist actions against Soviet military and technical specialists and important military and political communist workers in order to effectively stop their activities ..." Chankayshist agents sought to obtain documents in China of Soviet citizens. There were also provocations with the drags of the attacks of the Soviet soldiers on China. These scenes were photographed and presented in print as acts of violence against local residents. One of the sabotage groups was disclosed in the training aircraft for preparing for flights on reactive techniques in the territory of the PRC.

According to the testimony of veterans of the 39th Army, "saboteurs from nationalist gangs of Chan Kaisha and the Kaihomyndanovans attacked the Soviet soldiers during the carrier of the guard service on distant facilities." Constant radiotheryal intelligence and search engines were conducted against spies and sabotage. The situation required a constant high combat readiness of the Soviet troops. The combat, operational, staff, special training was continuously conducted. Conducted joints with parts of NAK teachings.

Since July 1951, new divisions began to be created in the Nugwaysky district, including Korean, derived from Manchuria. At the request of the Chinese government, two advisers were sent to these divisions for the period of their formation: to the division commander and to the commander of the tank-self-propelled regiment. With their active help began, the combat training of all parts and units was carried out and ended. Advisors of the commanders of these infantry divisions in the Nugoktai Military District (in 1950-1953) were: Lieutenant Colonel I. F. Pozazov; Colonel N. P. Katkov, V. T. Yaglenko. N. S. Loboda. Advisors of the commanders of Tovhovo-self-propelled regiments Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Nikiforov, Colonel I. D. Ivlev, etc.

January 27, 1952, US President Truman wrote in a personal diary: "It seems to me that the right decision would now be an ultimatum with a ten-day deadline that we intends to block the Chinese coast from the Korean border to Indochina and that we intend to destroy all military bases in Manchuria ... We will destroy all ports or cities in order to achieve our peaceful goals ... This means a universal war. This means that Moscow, St. Petersburg, Mukden, Vladivostok, Beijing, Shanghai, Port Arthur, Dive, Odessa and Stalingrad and all industrial enterprises in China and the Soviet Union will be erased from the face of the Earth. This is the last chance for the Soviet government to decide whether it deserves to exist or not! ".

Anticipating such a development of events, the Soviet soldiers were issued in case of atomic bombing of iodide drugs. Water was allowed to drink only from flasks filled in part.

Wide resonance in the world received facts using the UN coalition forces of bacteriological and chemical weapons. As reported by the publications of those years, bombings with special containers styled by insects (flies, spiders, beetles, grasshoppers, ants, midges, etc.), infected with chumay, cholera and other diseases, were subjected to both the positions of the Korean-Chinese troops and districts From the front line. In total, according to Chinese scientists, in two months the Americans conducted 804 bacteriological plates. These facts are confirmed by Soviet soldiers - veterans of the Korean War. Bersenev recalls: "B-29 bombed at night, and in the morning you will get out - everywhere insects: such large flies infected with different diseases. The whole earth was littered with them. Because of the flies slept in gauze canopy. We were constantly made preventive injections, but many still have fallen. And someone from our died in bombings. "

In the afternoon of August 5, 1952, a flight station Kim Il Sayna was raided. As a result of this, 11 Soviet military advisers died. On June 23, 1952, the Americans made the largest raid on a complex of hydraulic structures on the Yalujiang River, which participated over five hundred bombers. As a result, almost all of North Korea and part of the North China remained without power supply. The British authorities disabled from this act committed under the UN flag, saying protest.

On October 29, 1952, American aviation committed a destructive raid on the Soviet Embassy. According to memories of the Embassy Embassy V. A. Tarasova, the first bombs were reset at two o'clock in the morning, the subsequent sites continued approximately every half an hour before dawn. Four hundred bombs were reset on two hundred kilograms each.

On July 27, 1953 on the day of signing a cease-fire contract (generally accepted date of the end of the Korean War), the Soviet military aircraft "IL-12", refurbished in the passenger version, flew from Port Arthur to Vladivostok. Flying over the spurs of Big Hingan, he was suddenly attacked by 4 American fighters, as a result of which the unarmed "IL-12" with 21 people aboard, including crew members, was shot down.

In October 1953, the Commander of the 39th Army was appointed Lieutenant-General V. I. Shevtsov. He commanded the army until May 1955

Soviet parts participating in hostilities in Korea and China

The following Soviet parts that participated in hostilities in Korea and China are known: 64th IAK, Department of Inspection of the DHW, DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT at DHW; Three aviation committees located in Pyongyang, Seusin and Canco for the maintenance of the Vladivostok - Port Arthur route; Haidzinsky intelligence station, station "HC" of the Ministry of State Security in Pyongyang, a broadcast point in Ranan and Communication Rota, servicing links with the Embassy of the USSR. From October 1951 to April 1953, at the headquarters of the CBD, a group of Radruists GRU was working under the command of Captain Yu. A. Zharov, which provided communication with the General Staff of the Soviet Army. Until January 1951, a separate issue of communication was also in North Korea. 06/13/1951 The 10th zenith-projector regiment arrived in the fighting area. He was in Korea (Andun) until the end of November 1952 and was replaced by the 20th regiment. 52nd, 87th, 92nd, 28th and 35th anti-aircraft artillery divisions, 18th Aviation and Technical Division of the 64th IAC. In the composition of the corps were also 727 OK and 81 ODS. There were several radiotechnical battalions on the territory of Korea. Forced several military hospitals on the railway and operated the 3rd railway operational regiment. Soviet relationships, operators of radar stations, deposits, specialists engaged in repair and recovery work, sappers, drivers, Soviet medical institutions were conducted by combat work.

As well as parts and compounds of the Pacific Fleet: Seyssinskaya VBM, 781th JaP, 593th separate transport aviation regiment, 1744th Dalname Aviation Squadron, 36th Minno-Torpeda Aviation Regiment, 1534th Minno-Torpeda Aviation Regiment, Cable ship "Plastun", 27th Laboratory of Aviation Medicine.

Dislocations

In Port Arthur stationed: Headquarters 113 SK Lieutenant General Tereshkova (338th Infantry Division - on the port of Port Arthur, Far, 358th from the far to the northern border of the zone, 262th MD along the entire northern border of the peninsula, headquarters 5 -Ho Artillery Corps, 150 UR, 139 APABR, Communication Regiment, Artillery Regiment, 48th GW. SMEs, Air Defense Regiment, JaP, Balon Ato. Editorial Board of the 39th Army "Son of Motherland". After the war, she began to be called " The glory of the Motherland! ", Editor - Lieutenant Colonel B. L. Krasovsky. Base Navy of the USSR. Hospital 29 PPG.

In the area of \u200b\u200bJinzhou, headquarters of 5 GW were stationed. Lieutenant General L. N. Alekseeva, 19, 91 and 17th GW. Rifle division under the command of General-Major Evgeny Leonidovich Korkuca. Head of the headquarters Lieutenant Colonel Strashnenko. The division included a 21st separate communication battalion, which was trained by Chinese volunteers on the basis. 26th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment, 46th Regiment of Guards Mortar, Part 6th Artillery Division Breakthrough, Minno-Torpened Airport Tof.

In the far - 33rd cannon division, 7th tank headquarters, aviation parts, 14th Zenad, 119th rifle regiment guarded the port. Parts of the USSR Navy. In the 50s, Soviet experts in a convenient coastal zone were built a modern hospital for NAK. This hospital exists now.

In Sanshilip - Airlines.

In the city of Shanghai, Nanjing and Xuzhou - 52 Anti-Armenia Division, airfields (at Jianwan and Dachan airfields), posts VOS (in Cydun Points, Nanki, Hyan, Usegan, Tsunjiaol).

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Andun - 19th GW. Rifle division, air facilities, 10th, 20th anti-aircraft projector shelves.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Infertsi - the 7th fur. The division of Lieutenant General F. G. Katkova, part of the 6th Artillery Division of the breakthrough.

In the area of \u200b\u200bNanchang - aircraft.

In the area of \u200b\u200bHarbin - Airlines.

In the area of \u200b\u200bBeijing - 300th airlock.

Mukden, Anshan, Liaoyan - Airborne Bases.

In the area of \u200b\u200bTsizicar - Airlines.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Mythago - Airlines.

Losses and loss

The Soviet-Japanese war of 1945. Died - 12,031 people., Sanitary - 24,425 people.

During the execution of the Soviet military specialists of international debt in China from 1946 to 1950, died, died from RAS and 936 people diseases. Of these, officers are 155, sergeants - 216, soldiers - 521 and 44 people. - From among civilian specialists. The burial of the fallen Soviet internationalists is preserved in the People's Republic of China.

War in Korea (1950-1953). The general irrevocable losses of our parts and compounds amounted to 315 people, of them officers - 168, sergeants and soldiers - 147.

The numbers of Soviet losses in China, including during the period of the Korean War, differ significantly in different sources. So, according to the Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Shenyang, 89 Soviet Citizens (GG. Lyushun, Dalian and Jinzhou) were buried on cemeteries at the Liaodo Peninsula (GG. Lyushun, Dalian and Jinzhou), and according to Chinese certification of 1992 - 723 people. In total, in the period from 1945 to 1956, 722 Soviet citizens were buried on the Liaodunsk Peninsula, according to the Civil Centers (of which 104 unknown), and according to the Chinese certification of 1992 - 2572 people, including 15 unknowns. As for the Soviet losses, the full data is still missing. From many literary sources, including memoirs, it is known that during the Korean war, Soviet advisers, anti-aircraft people, telecommunications, health workers, diplomats, other specialists who provided North Korea.

In China, there are 58 boron sites of Soviet and Russian warriors. More than 18 thousand were killed when China's liberation from Japanese invaders and after VMW.

In the territory of the PRC, the ashes of more than 14.5 thousand Soviet soldiers are resting, in 45 cities of China, at least 50 monuments to Soviet soldiers are constructed.

There is no detailed information regarding the accounting of the loss of Soviet civilians in China. At the same time, about 100 women and children were buried only at one of the plots in the Russian cemetery in Port Arthur. The children of military personnel are buried here, who died during the cholera epidemic in 1948, mostly one or two years from the genus.

Many believe that the participation of the USSR in the war of 1941-1945 ended in May of the 45th. But this is not the case, because after the defeat of the Hitler's Germany, the entry of the Soviet Union in the war against Japan in August 1945 and the victorious campaign in the Far East had the most important military-political importance.
The USSR was returned to South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands; In a short time, a million-square Kwantung army was defeated, which accelerated the capitulation of Japan and the end of World War II.

In August 1945, the Japanese armed forces consisted of about 7 million people. and 10 thousand aircraft, whereas the United States and their allies in the Asia-Pacific zone had about 1.8 million people. and 5 thousand aircraft. If the USSR had not entered the war, the main forces of the Kwantung army could be focused against the Americans and then the fighting would last two years and, accordingly, would have increased losses, especially since the Japanese command intended to fight to the end (and was already preparing for the use of bacteriological Weapons). Military Minister Todzio said: "If white devils dare to fall on our islands, the Japanese spirit will go to the Great Citadel - Manchuria. In Manchuria, the untouched valiant quantoon army, an unstable military bridgehead. In Manchuria, we will resist at least a hundred years. " In early August 1945, the United States even went to the use of atomic bombs in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But despite this, Japan was still not going to capitulate. It was clear that without the use of the USSR war will delay.
Allies recognized the crucial importance of the USSR entry into the war against Japan. They stated that only the Red Army is able to defeat the terrestrial forces of Japan. But for joining the war with Japan, the USSR had their own vital interests. Japan has launched plans for the seizure of the Soviet Far East. They almost constantly organized military provocations at our borders. On their strategic bridgeheads in Manchuria, they kept major military forces, ready to attack the country of the Soviets.


The situation especially aggravated when fascist Germany unleashed the war against our homeland. In 1941, after the start of the Great Patriotic War, the Quantongy Army (about 40 divisions, which is much larger than in the entire Pacific zone) in accordance with the approved Japanese commanding of Krankuen turned on the Manchur border and in Korea, waiting for a convenient moment to start Martial steps against the USSR, depending on the situation on the Soviet-German front. On April 5, 1945, the USSR denounced the Covenant on Neutrality between the USSR and Japan. July 26, 1945 At the Potsdam Conference, the United States officially formulates the conditions for the capitulation of Japan. Japan refuses to accept them. On August 8, the USSR told the Japanese ambassador about accession to the Potsdam Declaration and announced the war of Japan.


By the beginning of the Manchu operation on the territory of Manzhou and North Korea, a large strategic grouping of Japanese, Manchurian and Manzjan troops was concentrated. It was the basis of the Kwantung Army (General Yamada), which for the summer of 1945 doubled its strength. The Japanese command held in Manchuria and Korea two thirds of his tanks, half of artillery and selected imperial divisions, as well as she had bacteriological weapons prepared for use against Soviet troops. In total, the enemy's troops numbered over 1 million 300 thousand people, 6260 guns and mortars, 1155 tanks, 1900 aircraft, 25 ships.


The USSR began military actions against Japan exactly 3 months after the capitulation of Germany. But between the defeat of Germany and the beginning of hostilities against Japan, the gap in time was only for people neavied. All these three months there was a huge work on planning operation, regrouping of troops and prepare them for combat actions. 400 thousand people were transferred to the Far East., 7 thousand guns and mortars, 2 thousand tanks and self-propelled artillery installations, 1100 aircraft. In the order of operational disguise, the divisions, which in 1941-1942 were transferred primarily. were removed from the Far East. The preparation of the strategic operation was carried out in advance.


August 3, 1945 Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky, appointed by the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East, and the head of the General Staff, General of the Army A.I. Antonov reported to Stalin the final plan of the Manchurian strategic operation. Vasilevsky offered to begin the offensive only by the Priest of the Trans-Baikal Front, and in the bands of the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts, only intelligence in the fight so that the main forces of these fronts to go to the offensive in 5-7 days. Stalin with such a proposal did not agree and ordered to start the offensive at the same time with all the fronts. As the subsequent events showed, such a decision was more appropriate, since the diverse transition of the fronts in the offensive was deprived of the Far Eastern Fronts of the surprise of actions and allowed the command of the Kwantung Army to maneuver forces and means for consistent strikes on Mongolian and seaside directions.

On the night of August 9, advanced battalions and intelligence detachments of three fronts in extremely unfavorable weather conditions - the summer monsoon, bringing frequent and strong rains, - moved to the enemy's territory. Advanced battalions accompanied by border guards without opening fire silently crossed the border and in some places were traded by long-term defensive structures of the enemy even before Japanese calculations managed to take them and open fire. With the dawn, the main forces of the Trans-Baikal and 1st Far Eastern Fronts moved to the offensive and crossed the state border.


This created the conditions for the rapid advance of the main forces of the first echelon divisions into the depths of the opponent's defense. In some places, for example, in the Grodekovo area, where the Japanese managed to detect the nomination of our advanced battalions and take defense, the fighting was delayed. But such resistance nodes skillfully accounted for by our troops.
From some bits, the Japanese continued to fire for 7-8 days.
On August 10, the Mongolian People's Republic joined the war. Joint with the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, the offensive developed successfully from the first hours. The surprise and strength of the initial blows allowed Soviet troops to immediately seize the initiative. In the Government of Japan, the beginning of military operations by the Soviet Union caused panic. "Introduction this morning in the war of the Soviet Union," the Prime Minister of Suzuki said on August 9, "it finally puts us in a hopeless situation and makes it impossible to continue the war."


Such high rates of the offensive of the Soviet troops operating on certain, disassembled operating areas were possible only due to a carefully thought-out troops, knowledge of the natural features of the terrain and the nature of the enemy defense system at each operational direction, the wide and bold use of tank, mechanized and equestrian compounds, suddenness Attacks, high offensive impulse, decisive to boldness and exclusively skillful actions, courage and the mass heroism of the soldiers of the Red Army and Sailors.
In the face of an imminent military defeat on August 14, the Government of Japan decided to capitulate. The next day fell the Cabinet Premier Suzuki. However, the troops of the Quantong Army continued to resist stubbornly. In this regard, on August 16, an explanation of the General Staff of the Red Army was published in the Soviet Print, which said:
"I. Made by Japanese emperor on August 14, the Japan's surrender report is only a common declaration of unconditional surrender.
The order of the armed forces on the cessation of combat operations is not yet given, and the Japanese armed forces continue to continue resistance.
Consequently, the actual surrender of the Armed Forces of Japan is not yet.
2. The surrender of the Armed Forces of Japan can only be considered from the moment when the Japanese emperor will be given an order to its armed forces to stop the fighting and fold the weapons and when this order will be practically performed.
3. In view of the armed forces of the Soviet Union, the Far East will continue their offensive operations against Japan in the Far East. "
In the following days, Soviet troops, developing an offensive, rapidly increased its pace. Military actions were successfully developed for the liberation of Korea, which were part of the Campaign of Soviet troops in the Far East.
On August 17, finally losing the management of disparate troops and conscious of the meaninglessness of further resistance, the Commander-in-Chief of the Quantong Army, General Ohodzo Yamada gave an order to start negotiations with the Soviet Commander in the Far East.

At 17 o'clock on August 17, the Radiogram was adopted by the Commander-in-Chief of the Quantong Army that he gave the Japanese troops the order to immediately stop hostilities and pass the weapons to the Soviet troops, and at 19 o'clock the arrangement of the 1st Far Eastern Front, two pennants were reset from the Japanese aircraft With the appeal of the headquarters of the 1st front of the Kwantung Army on the cessation of hostilities. However, at most plots, the Japanese troops continued not only to resist, but the places passed in the counterattack.
To speed up the disarmament of the capitulating Japanese troops and the liberation of the territories captured by them, on August 18, Marshal Vasilevsky gave the following order by the troops of the Trans-Baikalsky, 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts:
"Due to the fact that the resistance of the Japanese is broken, and the heavy condition of the roads greatly impedes the rapid advance of the main forces of our troops when performing the tasks set, it is necessary for the immediate capture of Changchun cities, Mukden, Girin and Harbin to switch to the actions of specially formed, fast-moving and well-equipped squads. . The same detachments or similar to them use and to solve subsequent tasks, without fear of a sharp separation of them from their main forces. "


From August 19, Japanese troops almost everywhere began to capitulate. Captive was 148 Japanese generals, 594 thousand officers and soldiers. By the end of August, the disarmament of the Kwantung Army and the other forces of the enemy, located in Manchuria and North Korea, was completely completed. Successfully completed operations for the liberation of southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands.


During the operation, many complex military-political moments have arisen not only before the highest command, but also by commander, headquarters and political governments of compounds and parts due to constantly emerging confrontational situations and clashes between the People's Liberation Army of China and the troops of the Korea, various political groups in Korea , between Chinese, Korean and Japanese population. Permanent, hard work in all links is to solve all these issues.


In general, careful and comprehensive preparation, clear and skillful management of troops during the occurrence ensured the successful conduct of this largest strategic operation. As a result, a million kwantung army was completely crushed. Her losses were killed 84 thousand people, over 15 thousand died from wounds and diseases on the territory of Manchuria, about 600 thousand were captured by the irrevocable losses of our troops amounted to 12 thousand people.

There were head-raised by the drums of the enemy. Japanese militarists lost bridgeheads for aggression and the main supply bases with raw materials and weapons in China, Korea and South Sakhalin. The collapse of the Kwantung Army accelerated the capitulation of Japan as a whole. The end of the war in the Far East prevented further extermination and robbery by the Japanese invaders of the peoples of Eastern and Southeast Asia, accelerated Japan's surrender led to the full end of World War II.

Ilya Kramnik, Military Observer RIA Novosti.

War of the USSR and Japan in 1945, who became the last major campaign of World War II, lasted less than a month - from August 9 to September 2, 1945, but this month became key in the history of the Far East and the entire Asia-Pacific region, completing and, on the contrary, Initirovating many historical processes lasting in decades.

Prehistory.

The prerequisites of the Soviet-Japanese war arose exactly that day when the Russian-Japanese war ended - on the day of the signing of the Portsmouth world on September 5, 1905. Territorial losses of Russia were insignificant - the Liaoda Peninsula rented by China and the southern part of Sakhalin Island. A much more weighty was the loss of influence in the world as a whole and in the Far East, in particular caused by an unsuccessful war on land and the death of most fleet on the sea. The sense of national humiliation was also very strong.
Japan has become the dominant Far Eastern Power, it has almost uncontrollably exploited marine resources, including in Russian territorial waters, where they led the predatory fishing of fish, crab, the extraction of marine beast, etc.

This provision increased during the revolution of 1917 and the following civil war, when Japan actually occupied the Russian Far East for several years, and left the region with great reluctance under pressure from the United States and the United Kingdom, who feared the excessive strengthening of yesterday's ally in World War.

At the same time, the process of strengthening the position of Japan in China, which was also weakened and fragmented. The reverse process began in the 1920s - strengthening the USSR, restored after military and revolutionary shocks, "rather quickly led to the fact that relations were developed between Tokyo and Moscow, which could be quietly characterized as the" Cold War ". The Far East for a long time became the Military conflict isna and local conflicts. By the end of the 1930s, the voltage reached a peak, and this period was marked by two collisions in this period between the USSR and Japan - conflict on Lake Hasan in 1938 and on the Khalkhin-goal River - in 1939.

Fragile neutrality

There are quite serious losses and making sure the relics of the Red Army, Japan preferred on April 13, 1941 to conclude a neutrality pact from the USSR, and unleash his hands for the war in the Pacific Ocean.

This pact was needed by the Soviet Union. At that time, it became obvious that the "Fleet Lobby", which pushed the southern direction of the war, plays an increasing role in the policy of Japan. The position of the army, on the other hand, were weakened by insulting defeats. The probability of the war with Japan was not very high, while the conflict with Germany was approaching every day.

For German itself, the partner of Japan on the Anti-Comintern Covenant, who saw the main ally and the future partner in Japan in Japan, the agreement between Moscow and Tokyo was serious, and caused complications in Berlin and Tokyo's relations. Tokyo, however, pointed to the Germans for the presence of the same neutrality package between Moscow and Berlin.

The two major aggressors of the Second World War could not agree, and everyone led his main war - Germany against the USSR in Europe, Japan - against the US and the UK in the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, Germany declared the US War on Japan's Day on Pearl Harbor, but Japan did not declare the War of the USSR, which the Germans hoped.

However, the relationship between the USSR and Japan was difficult to call good - Japan constantly broke the signed pact, delaying Soviet ships to the sea, periodically allowing attacks of Soviet military and civilian ships, disturbing the border on land, etc.

It was obvious that none of the sides signed a document is valuable for some time, and the war is only a matter of time. However, since 1942, the situation gradually began to change: a marked fracture in the war forced Japan to abandon the long-term war plans against the USSR, and at the same time in the Soviet Union began to more closely consider territories lost during the Russian-Japanese war.

By 1945, when the situation was critical, Japan tried to start negotiations with the Western Allies using the USSR as an intermediary, but success did not bring it.

During the Yalta Conference, the USSR voiced the obligation to start a war against Japan within 2-3 months after the end of the war against Germany. The intervention of the USSR saw the allies necessary: \u200b\u200bfor the defeat of Japan, it was required to defeat its land forces, which were not yet affected by the war, and the allies were afraid that the landing for the Japanese Islands would cost them the big victims.

Japan during the neutrality of the USSR could count on the continuation of the war and the reinforcement of the metropolis forces at the expense of resources and troops quartered in Manchuria and Korea, the report with which continued, despite all attempts to interrupt it.

The announcement of war by the Soviet Union finally destroyed these hopes. On August 9, 1945, speaking at the emergency meeting of the Supreme Council on the leadership of the war, the Japanese Prime Minister Suzuki said:

"Joining this morning in the war of the Soviet Union puts us finally in a hopeless situation and makes it impossible to further continue the war."

It should be noted that nuclear bombings in this case have become only an additional reason for the speedy way out of the war, but not the main reason. Suffice it to say that the approximately the same number of victims as Hiroshima and Nagasaki together taken, the massive bombing of Tokyo in the spring of 1945 did not led Japan to thoughts about the surrender. And only joining the USSR war against the backdrop of nuclear bombing - forced the leadership of the empire to recognize the meaninglessness of the continuation of the war.

"August Storm"

The war herself, which in the West was called the "August Storm", was rapid. Having a rich experience of hostilities against the Germans, the Soviet troops of a series of fast and decisive blows broke through Japanese defense and began offensive in the manchuria. Tank parts were successfully advanced in the seemingly unsuitable conditions - through the sands of Gobi and Highan Range, but a military car with the most Grozny opponent, a military car practically did not give a malfunction.

As a result, by August 17, the 6th Guards Tank Army advanced a few hundred kilometers - and to the capital of Manchuria, Xinjin's city remained about a hundred and fifty kilometers. The first Far Eastern Front by this time broke the resistance of the Japanese in the east of Manchuria, taking the largest city in the region - Mudanjiang. In a number of areas, in the depths of defense, the Soviet troops had to overcome the fierce resistance of the enemy. In the strip of the 5th Army with a special force it was rendered in the area of \u200b\u200bMudanjiang. There were cases of stubborn resistance of the enemy in the bands of the Trans-Baikal and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts. The Japanese army took and repeated counterattacks. On August 17, 1945 in Mukden, Soviet troops captured the emperor Manzhou-Pu and (earlier - the last emperor of China).

On August 14, the Japanese command addressed a proposal for the conclusion of a truce. But almost military actions from the Japanese side did not stop. After only three days later, the Kwantung army received an order of his command about the surrender, which began on August 20. But he did not reach everyone immediately, and somewhere where the Japanese acted and contrary to the orders.

On August 18, the Kuril landing operation was launched, during which the Soviet troops occupied the Kuril Islands. On the same day, on August 18, the commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East Marshal Vasilevsky gave an order about the occupation of the Japanese Island Hokkaido forces of two rifle divisions. This landing was not carried out due to a delay in the promotion of Soviet troops in southern Sakhalin, and then postponed until the rate was specified.

Soviet troops occupied the southern part of Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Manchuria and part of Korea. The main fighting on the continent was conducted 12 days, on August 20. However, individual battles continued until September 10, which became the end of the complete surrender and captivity of the Quantong Army. The fighting on the islands completely ended on September 5th.

The act of surrenders of Japan was signed on September 2, 1945 on board Missouri Lincore in Tokyo Bay.

As a result, a million kwantung army was completely crushed. According to Soviet data, its losses were killed 84 thousand people, about 600 thousand were captured by the irrevocable loss of the Red Army amounted to 12 thousand people.

As a result of the War, the USSR actually returned to its composition of the territory lost by Russia earlier (South Sakhalin and, temporarily, Cvantun with Port Arthur and Far, subsequently transferred to China), as well as the Kuril Islands, the ownership of the southern part of which is still disputed by Japan.

According to the San Francisian peace treaty, Japan refused any claims to Sakhalin (Carafato) and Kuriles (Tiscima Ratto). But the contract did not define the ownership of the islands and the USSR did not sign it.
Negotiations in the southern part of the Kuril Islands continue and so far, and the prospects for rapid resolution of the issue is not yet visible.