Message about the musician. Famous musicians: Prokofiev Sergey Sergeevich

20.06.2019

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg. By the leadership of his father Leopold, the boy studied and studied foreign languages. Leopold Mozart was a famous Salzburg violinist. He wished to see his son by the composer, so I decided to establish my son to the world of music as a virtuoso. The connectors began with concerts on the courtyards of high-ranking people all of Europe, which lasted more than eight years. Great hopes Leopold Mozart Putal to Vienna. This city in those days was the center of Culture of Europe, where the musicians opened huge prospects and the possibilities for self-realization. And indeed, Wolfgang was waiting for success there: giving numerous concerts in the houses of the Vienna Nobility, the listeners once again admired the excellent game and the virtuosity of the young genius.
Shortly after returning to Salzburg, Leopold Mozart once again decided to conquer large cities related to European culture, along with her son and the daughter of Anna-Maria, or Nannerl, as she called people close to her. In Paris, Mozart caused an excitement from a local nobility and achieved amazing heights in perforiation. Being impressed by the French capital, Wolfgang writes its first four symphonies for harpsichord and violin, which later went to the seal.
London became the next city in which the boy became acquainted with such major composers as Johann Sebastian Bach, whose music he addressed, and his son Johann Christian Bach, who became a friend and Mentor Wolfgang. In the same city, a young composer appears interest in vocal and symphonic music. His childhood years coincided with the young man as a symphony, and Mozart cultivated and male together with a new style. It creates its first symphony (symphony # 1 ES-DUR) in eight years. The works of Mozart cannot not hit the fact that even from the oldest age, the boy did not try to imitate any sample, but he tries, grabbing the basic principles of the genre of symphony, to create something unique, let it initially, it was not so masterfully.
In 1766, the family returned to Salzburg. For several years of travel, seeing the world and starting new acquaintances, Wolfgang acquired new professional skills, and, waking up the composer in himself, became a master of his business. A year later, the premiere of his first opera Intermediate "Apolone and Hyacinth" (KV38) .70E-80s, the XVIII century Mozart spent in Italy, France, Germany. A few of his operas were delivered, a large number of sonatas and concerts were written.
After marriage to Constance Weber, Mozart begins the peak of his work. The composer gets huge fees for his writings, turns friendly relations with Josef Haydn, to which he dedicated a separate collection of six quartets. Later, the premiere of concert No. 20 D-Moll (K466), Opera "Wedding Figaro" and "Director of theater", which later in Prague had a huge success; In 1788, the Opera "Don Juan" was put in Vienna, written under the contract.
Writing music was not easy for him. Mozart, no one imitating, wrote only his music, unlike the music of other composers, which cost him a huge tension. But over time, the audience cooled to him, the financial situation worsened. Despite this, Mozart writes a few more symphony, the most famous of which is Symphony No. 40 G-Moll (K550). Communion paid a lot of attention and spiritual music. From the most famous his creations - all recognizable by Requiem (KV626) and Motet to the Latin text "Ave Verum Corpus".
All this time, Mozart had a very hard sick, it was impossible to save him, and at night on December 5, 1791 he died. It is in the face of Mozart Vienna classicism reached incredible heights. In his creations, all lightness, charm and musicality characteristic of this era are reflected. Conquer the whole of Europe with its memorable symphones and unique operations, he left a huge mark in the history of music.

Petr Tchaikovsky is one of the most famous creators of music in the world. He lived 53 years old and became the author of the greatest works. His biography is full of interesting events. He made a huge contribution not only to the Russian, but also global culture.

Childhood

Petr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in the village of Votkinsk Vyatka province (Udmurtia) in 1840. He grew up in a large family of engineer: besides him there were three more children - two brothers and one sister. Boy's parents were fond of music, they knew how to play flute and piano. So little Tchaikovsky has loved the melodious sound of musical instruments from early childhood. In 5 years, the boy has already mastered the piano, And after another 2 years he played notes. In 1850, the whole family moved to St. Petersburg. In 1854, the mother of the future composer died from cholera. Children remained at the care of their father, who also fell ill, but managed to recover.

Picture of the artist A. Parhomenko "Petya Tchaikovsky".

Study and the beginning of musical activity

Peter Ilyich first studied at home, where the governess helped him. Training continued in the boarding house, and then the young man entered the School, where the right was taught. Musical creativity at this time Tchaikovsky was engaged in the elective. It he began to seriously be interested in Opera and ballet, went to theaters. For a while, the young man is working as a lawyer, but then goes to the conservatory. During study, the composer creates the first great musical works. Some of them came into the lake Swan Ballet.

Flowering creativity

After completing his education, Tchaikovsky moves to Moscow, where it becomes a teacher at the conservatory. In 1878, he leaves Russia to Italy, and then in Switzerland. There he creates its famous Opera "Eugene Onegin" and "Ochrichnik," writes the plays that entered the collection "Children's album", composes the cycle "Seasons" and many others. He is constantly traveling in different countries where his concerts are delighted with the audience.

Petr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - the Great Russian composer.

Late years and death

At the end of his life, P. and Tchaikovsky returns to Moscow. Later settled in the small town of Wedge, where after his death the Museum of the Composer opens. In the city of O. creates a school for the peasants and composes the composition, writes music To the ballet "Nutcracker", Opera "Iolanta" and "Peak Lady". In 1893, in St. Petersburg, he died from cholera. Here it buried him.

House-museum in the city of Klin.

There is a lot about the life of Tchaikovsky, but not everyone knows about some facts.

He created not only musical works, but also wrote poem, as well as texts to its operations.
Music teachers who gave Tchaikovsky's lessons did not see special talent in him.
The composer loved to listen to Mozart's music.
Peter Ilyich traveled his whole life. If he has been in other countries for a long time, he missed his homeland. But in Russia in one place, he could not live for a long time.
The musician was a bad conductor. Even in the school on this subject he had the lowest assessment.
The Great Composer helped to extinguish the fire in the city of Wedge, while other people just stood and watched.
For several years, Peter Ilyich worked as a journalist in the newspaper. He wrote notes and posts for publishers, but did not subscribe to his real name.
In honor of the Great Composer in 1956 at the request of the inhabitants, Tchaikovsky city was named. Previously, it was a small settlement of workers, which was called saigat. Gradually it went to the city. It is located at a distance of 37 kilometers from the village where the musician was born.

Monument to the composer in the city called him name.

Heritage of the Great Composer

Petr Ilyich Tchaikovsky made a huge contribution to the Russian and world culture. His works are performed and loved in all countries. The work of the Great Composer changed the style of symphonic music and concerts for violin with the orchestra. In honor of the creator of the immortal operas and ballets, streets, conservatory, musical schools and colleges and schools, theaters and a symphony orchestra are named, and monuments are established. In the house of Tchaikovsky near Moscow there is a museum of his name.

Life is absolutely every person anyway associated with music and sounds. It passes through a thin thread next to us throughout life. Today we made a selection of interesting facts about music for you, because it has no boundaries.

Have you noticed changes after listening to your favorite music? Do you know that music is able to influence not only the human body.

Music has a lifeful force. If you see a fading plant, put a speaker near the column and turn on calm unobtrusive music. The flower will come to life in front.
Musicians hear better than those people who are not interested in music.
If a person is experiencing heart problems, then music for relaxation has a beneficial effect on his condition. By the way, listening to music after severe operations helps to rehabilitate faster.
It is noted that music during training increases and effectiveness by 20 percent.
The more the person listens to music, the better his mental abilities and memory becomes.
People who regularly listen to favorite compositions, responsive and good-respect for the rest of the people.
An interesting fact about music - she is capable not only to improve the mood. When listening to positive melodies, a person is able to believe in itself and achieve their tasks, even the most difficult.
When parting, psychologists recommend listening to music - it helps to cope with negative emotions.
Music is able to reduce pain, distract from depressive thoughts and reduces the alarm.

During the lifetime, Bach wrote more than a thousand works, but at that time it was not particularly valued, therefore less than ten of his creations were printed.
As a child, Mozart remembered the Catholic chant on the text of one of the psalms and recorded it, listening once.
Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian nationalist.
Father and the Johann Strauss brothers were also famous composers.

Facts about rock music

Hit the Deep Purple group "Smoke On The Water" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, this song performed a huge number of rock musicians.
In the distant 80s Ozzy Osbourne bit off the head of the bat at the concert, after that he was hospitalized with suspicion of rabies.
The name of the group "Bi-2" is deciphered as the "Truth Coast".
The "Cinema" group was recognized by the KGB ideologically malicious.
Johnn Lenon slept instead of a bed in a coffin.

The answer was left the guest

Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev was born on April 23, 1891 in the son of Ekaterinoslav province (now the village of Red Krasnoarmeysky District Donetsk region). His father is Sergey Alekseevich - would be a scientist agronomist managing the estate of the Santar landowner. From him passed the son of nature for nature. Among the children's manuscripts, Sergei Prokofiev has been preserved a notebook in which the boy noted when what flowers bloom in the sonnet.

He heard music in the house from birth. Mother Maria Grigorievna played Sonatas Beethoven, Mazuriki and Nocturons Chopin, Pieces Tchaikovsky. In five years, Seryozha has already composed a piano play called "Indian Gallop". Soon there were other writings.

The boy was nine years old when he was brought to Moscow and he first got into the opera house. Returning to the son's son, he began to write the "Giant" opera on his own story.

The formation of Sergei was initially engaged in his parents who were enlightened, intelligent people, smart and strict educators. They taught him to concentrated and systematic work. Father taught his son Russian, arithmetic, geography, stories, nerd. Mother - foreign languages \u200b\u200b(from childhood Sergey Sergeevich knew two languages \u200b\u200b- French and German, later English). Maria Grigorievna was his first music teacher. Seeing the success of the Son, she decided to show him some major musician.

In the winter of 1902, he was brought to Moscow to Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev - an outstanding composer, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory. Noting the tanning of the boy, Taneev advised to start serious harmony classes and systematic familiarization with musical literature. On the recommendation of Taneyev, a young musician, who graduated from the Moscow Conservatory with a Gold Medal arrived at the Summer's son. It was Ringold Moritsevich Gliere, afterwards the famous Soviet composer, the author of the Ballets "Red Mac", "Copper Horseman", a concert for vote with the orchestra and other writings.

Living, interesting classes with glyher turned out to be a beneficial effect on the development of the Talent of Prokofiev. Under the guidance of the teacher, he began to write symphony and opera "Pier during the plague" in Pushkin. Gliera struck in his student an amazing combination of an adult professionally serious attitude to music, independence of judgments and - completely children's features. So, on the Pugitre, the twelve-year-old Sergei Prokofiev, writing Opera or Symphony, stood a rubber doll named Mr., who had to listen to a new essay.

The strongest passion for the author of the famous operas and ballet was the theater. With her friends - Saratovsky boys and girls - he constantly invented and played the ideas on which the inhabitants of the house were attended.

Already in childhood, Prokofiev has discovered rare observation and a variety of interests (literature, theater, chess). Curious his boyish passion for the railway, fast and accurate movement. One of the amazing properties of the art of an adult composer Prokofiev will be swiftness, dynamism through which he will give his new sense of life, her youth, her movement.

In 1904, on the advice of Glazunov, a fair-haired thirteen-year-old boy came to the exams in the St. Petersburg conservatory. Exam Vyl N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. "I like it!" - he exclaimed having fun, seeing Prokofiev, bent under the severity of two folders, where his writings were folded (four operas, two sonates, symphony and quite a few piano plays). The reception commission (E "its composition was included by A. K. Glazunov and N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov) was delighted with absolute hearing and the ability to read from the leaf.

Sergei accepted, and his life changed cool. Instead of the free steppe simple Ukrainian village, in which he was born and spent his childhood, Gloomy Petersburg, where he had to seriously learn.

Prokofiev studied at the Conservatory with wonderful Russian musicians: Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadova (harmony, counterpoint), Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (instrumentation).

In conservative years, his musical tastes have been enriched and developed. Favorite from childhood Beethoven and Tchaikovsky added Grig, Wagner, Roman Korsakov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov. He became acquainted with the writings of modern Western European composers - R. Straus, Debussy.

Interest in the study of classical and modern music, as well as to the work of each other, brought together Prokofiev with Nikolai Yakovlevich Meskovsky. Friendship, which began in the years of their joint exercise in the St. Petersburg Conservatory, continued throughout life.

Several years have passed. The musical writings of Prokofiev hit the listeners, caused hot spores. All he wrote was new in a manner and in content - young, perky, bold.

After graduating from the conservatory in 1904, Prokofiev has performed for many years as a pianist in France, Spain, England, America, Japan, in Cuba and in many European countries. Everywhere the composer played his writings, and his new operas and ballets were performed in different cities of the world. So, in 1921, the premiere of a fun, brilliant Opera Prokofiev "Love for Three Oranges" (on the fairy tale of the Italian writer Carlo Gotszi) took place in Chicago. In the same year, the composer finished the third concert for piano. The best essays of Prokofiev those years were devoted to the Motherland. Russian melodies sound in the play for the piano "Fairy Tales of the Old Grandmother", in which the memories of childhood and the heroes of folk fairy tales come to life. Tosca in the motherland became more acute. "In my ears, Russian speech should sound, I have to talk to the people of my flesh and blood, so that they return to me what I miss here: your songs, my songs," wrote Prokofiev.

In the mid-20s, Prokofiev with great joy responded to the offer of S. P. Dyagileev to write ballet on the topic of construction of a new life in Russia. The plot of the ballet, called "steel tube", turned out to be naive, "industrial". "Prokofiev travels to our countries, but refuses to think in our place," wrote foreign newspapers about the ballet premiere staged in Paris and London in 1927.

Abroad, Prokofiev met with many outstanding artists (composers of the Raveme, Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, speakers of art and Tuscanin, Charlie Charli's filmarter and many others). But the atmosphere of feverish artistic life of Paris 20s did not satisfy him. "I have to come back. I have to get into the atmosphere of my native land again ... The Russian speech should sound in the ears ... Here I am deprived of my strength." And finally he is at home again. Prokofiev again meets with his friends with measkovsky and Asafyev. Begins to work with Soviet directors, balletograms, writers. It is carried away by the task of the embodiment of high ideas, humanity, the possibility of appealing is not a narrow circle of "connoisseurs", but to the tremendous masses of the people.

The composer works a lot and is worn, creating one fine work after another. They are different by topics, time of action, characters of heroes. But in all of them there is something in common. Everywhere the composer faces bright images and images of cruelty and violence. And always approves the victory of high human ideals. The courage inherent in Prokofiev composer affects all these writings.

In 1935, the ballet "Romeo and Juliet" (on the tragedy of Shakespeare) was created. Heroes of him defend their love in the fight against the bloody medieval prejudices who command themselves hate each other. The tragic death of Romeo and Juliet makes you to reconcile the warring long-stayed montext family and cabbage.

To Prokofiev, major musicians who wrote ballet music did not decide to turn to Shakespeare's tragedies, believing that they were too complex for ballet. And Prokofiev created a work imbued with the Spirit of Shakespeare. Poetic, deep, containing realistic, psychologically accurate portraits of acting persons "Romeo and Juliet" made it possible to balletmaster L. Lavrovsky to put ballet, who acquired world fame (the ballet premiere was held in 1940 in the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov).

Prokofiev writes music not only for the theater, but also for movies. For example, Alexander Nevsky (1938). Together with the film director Sergei Eisenstein Prokofiev, the noble patriotic feat of the squad of Alexander Nevsky, who defended his native land from the Teutonic conquerors. The plot is historical, but the music sounds modern, as if anticipating acute drama and the victorious outcome of the battle of the Soviet people with fascism.

In 1939, the Opera "Semen Kotko" was written (according to V. Kataeva, "I am the Son of the Labor Nation"). Its action takes place in Ukraine in 1918. The music of Prokofiev with amazing truthfulness draws images of peasants, soldiers, Bolsheviks, fighting for the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine.

In their works of the Soviet period, the composer especially strived for clarity, accessibility, simplicity.

Especially for children, on their own text, Prokofiev composed a symphonic fairy tale "Peter and Wolf". Each character here is described here by a melody performed by a certain orchestra tool or a group of instruments: a bird - flute, duck - a bobby, wolf - horn, and Petya is a whole group of string tools.

Surprisingly the performance of Prokofiev. He wrote fantastically quickly and could work immediately over several writings. He performed with the execution of his music as a pianist and conductor. Participated in the work of the composer union. I was interested in literature. In the late 1930s began writing a living and witty "autobiography". He was an excellent chess player. With hobby drove a car. Love (l dance, to be among people.

The main work of the composer during the Great Patriotic War was the grandiose patriotic opera "War and Peace". Prokofiev and previously thought over to embody in the music the image of the great works of Leo Tolstoy. On the days of the war with fascism, this idea was carried out. Again, set a composer to the problem of rare complexity. From a huge literary work, it was necessary to display the most important scenes. In Opera entered, on the one hand, subtle psychological "peaceful" scenes in which Natasha Rostov, Sonya, Prince Andrei, Pierre Besuo in; With another monumental paintings, drawing the struggle of the people with Napoleonic invaders. Opera turned out unusual by genre. It combines a lyric and psychological drama and a national epic. Innovative on music and on the composition, the opera develops at the same time the tradition of Russian classics - Mussorgsky and Borodin. With Mussorgsky Prokofiev brings special attention to the psychological characteristics of the heroes disclosed through the truthful vocal intonation. Interestingly, the opera "War and Peace" is written not on the conditional poems of the text of the libretto, but the authentic text of the novel. Prokofiev was important to the intonation of the Tolstovsky speech, which he managed to transfer to music. And it gives a special accuracy to the vocal parties of the opera heroes.

"War and Peace" - Favorite Essay of Prokofiev. He improved him until the end of his life.

In 1945, three significant works of the composer saw the world: the fifth symphony dedicated to the "Great Human Spirit"; The first series of movie "Ivan Grozny" - a new joint work with Sergey Eisenstein; Light fabulous ballet "Cinderella". This performance, delivered in the autumn, was the first post-war premiere in the Bolshoi Theater.

In subsequent years, a few more new works appeared. Among them: Opera "Tale of a true person" (according to the B. Polevoy's eponymous), glorifying the courage of Soviet people during the war years; ballet "Tale about a stone flower" (according to P. Bazhov) - On the joy of creativity facing the people; Oratoria "guard of the world" (for S. Marshak); Concert Symphony for Cello with orchestra.

Again Prokofiev writes for children. Suite "Winter Bustor" for the readers, the choir of boys and the symphony orchestra (for S. Marshak) is dedicated to Soviet pioneers.

The seventh symphony was intended at first as a symphony specifically for children, but during the work there was a wider value - a wise symphonic fairy tale, approving the beauty and joy of life. This is the last completed work of Prokofiev.

In the late 40s - early 50s, Prokofiev was seriously ill. To keep strength for creativity, he had to abandon much, including from visiting theaters and concerts.

The most difficult time came for him when doctors prohibit him to compose music or allowed to work no more than 20 minutes a day.

Most of the time, during these years Prokofiev spent on his dacha on Nikolina Mountain on the shore of the Moscow River. He loved these places very much, made distant walks (if health allowed). Musicians and performers of his music came here: Composer D. Kabalevsky, Pianist S. Richter and others. Some of them wrote later the most interesting memories of the great composer.