Writing: The image of the world of officials in the poem "Dead Souls. Entrepreneurship in the poem "Dead souls collective image of officials
The answer was left the guest
The city governor is one of the secondary characters in the "Dead Souls" poem. Like other officials of the city N, the governor comes delighted with Charming Scherist Chichikov, invites him to his evening and introduces his wife and daughter. The silly governor, like all the other officials, understands too late who are chicter. Chichik's chase safely leaves the city with ready-made documents for the "Dead Souls".
Vice-Governor "... with the Vice-Governor and Chairman of the Chamber, who were still a statistical advisers ..." "... And the Vice-Governor, is it not true what a dear man? .." (Manilan about him) "... very, very worthy Man, - answered chikchik ... "" ... He is still a vice-governor - it is Gogh and Magog! ... "(Sobashevich says that the vice-governor and the governor - Robbers)
The prosecutor is one of the officials of the city N in the poem "Dead Souls" Gogol. The main features of the appearance of the prosecutor are his thick eyebrows and a blinking eye. According to the companion, among all officials, the prosecutor is one decent person, but also the same "pig". When Scam Chichikova is revealed, the prosecutor is experiencing so much that he suddenly dies.
Epolemaster is one of the officials of the city N in the poem "Dead Souls". This article presents a quotation image and characteristic of the postmaster in the poem "Dead Souls": Description of the appearance and character of the hero
Chairman of the Chamber is one of the officials of the city N in the poem "Dead Souls". Ivan Grigorievich is a pretty cute, kind, but stupid man. Chichiki easily deceives the chairman, and other officials. The stupid Chairman of the Chamber does not suspect Chichikov's scam and even himself helps to arrange documents for the "Dead Souls".
Policheister Alexey Ivanovich is one of the officials of the provincial city N in the poem "Dead Souls". Sometimes this character is mistakenly called "Politzmeister". But, according to the text of the "dead souls", the position of the hero is called "police officer". This article presents a quotation image and a police officer characteristic in the "Dead Soul" poem: a description of the appearance and character of the hero.
Inspector of the Medical Administration "... He came even to testify the honors to the inspector of the medical board ..." "... Inspector of the Medical Administration, he is also idle and, right, at home, if you didn't go to play the card somewhere ..." (Sobemich about him) "... Inspector medical councils suddenly pale; He introduced himself to God knows that: do not understand the word "dead souls" patients who died in a significant amount in Lazareta and in other places from the patient of the hot, against which the appropriate measures were not taken, and that chikhiki is not placed ... "
The city chapter "... then was [...] on a snack after a dinner, this urban glaze, which also cost lunch ..." "Nozdrev [...] read in the note of Governing, which can happen to happen more than a newcomer ..." (Gingerbread hopes to live)
The gendarme colonel "... The gendarme colonel said that he is a scientist man ..." (Colonel about Chikchiki)
Managing official factories "... then was [...] from the head over the official factories .."
Urban architect "... he was even witnessed to the reverence of [...] urban architect
The image of the city in the poem "Dead Souls"
The compositionally poem consists of three externally closed, but internally interconnected circles - landlords, the city, the life of Chichikov, the united roads, the plotically connected asfea of \u200b\u200bthe main hero.
But the average link is the life of the city - the self consists of from the tapering circles, which is the graphic image of the provincial hierarchy. Interestingly, in this hierarchical pyramid, the governor embroidering on the yoke looks like a puppet figure. True life is boiling in the Civil Chamber, in the "Temis Temis". And it is natural for administrative-bureaucratic Russia. Therefore, the episode of the visit to Chichikov's chambers becomes central, most significant in the subject of the city.
Presence description - apotheosis of Gogol Irony. The author recreates the true sanctuary of the Russian Empire in all its funny, ugly form, reveals all the power and at the same time the transfectness of the bureaucratic car. Identka Gogol is merciless: before us the temple of bribery, lies and treasures - the heart of the city, the only "living nerve".
Recall once again the relationship of the "dead souls" and the "Divine Comedy" of Dante. In Dante's poem, hero leads along the circles of hell and on the flooring Vergilius - the great Roman poet of the Doharistian era. He is a non-Christian - there is no way only to heaven, and the hero meets Beatrice - his eternal bright love, the embodiment of purity and holiness.
In the description of the Temple of the Femids, the comic refraction of the images of the Divine Comedy "plays a major role. In this allegedly, the temple, the image of hell is reborn in this citadel - albeit reborn, comic - but truly Russian hell. A peculiar verges arises - they turn out to be a "small demon" - a Palat official: "... One of the most sacred, immediately, who brought with such a diligence of the femide, that both sleeves burst on his elbows and had long closed the lining, for which he received At one time, the college registrar, served by our friends, as Vergil's once served Danut, and conducted them in the presence room, where we were only the wide armchairs and in them in front of the table, behind the grazing and two fat books, was sitting alone as the Sun, Chairman. In this place, Vergil felt such awe that did not dare to put his leg back there ... "Gogol Irony is brilliant: the chairman of the Civic Chamber is unlikely, this wretched paradise is inimitable, this poor paradise, in front of which the college registrar covers the sacred thrill. And the funny thing is like the most tragic, the worst thing! - The fact that Novoye Vergil is honorably honored by the chairman - the Sun, his office - Ray, his guests - Holy Angels ...
How small, how do the souls in the modern world come! As a pity and insignificant ideas about the fundamental concepts for Christian, Head, Hell, Soul! ..
What is considered to be soul, it is best shown in the episode of the death of the prosecutor: after all, that "the dead man was, for sure, the soul," surrounding guess only when he died and became "only a soulless body". For them, the soul is the concept of physiological. And this is a spiritual catastrophe of modern Gogol Russia.
Unlike a quiet, measured landlord, where time, it seems, frozen, the life of the city externally boils, bubbles. Nabokov comments on the scene of the Bala from the governor: "When Chichikov arrives at a party to the governor, a random mention of the gentlemen in black frishes, driving with a dazzling light around froths, leads to allegedly innocent compared of them with ROOM MUCH, and the next moment is born by a new Life. "Black Thraits flashed and rushed apart and heaps there and there, how flies on the white shining raffinade at the time of the hot July summer, when the old key [here she!] Rugs and divides him to sparkling debris before the open window; Children [That's the second generation!] Everyone look, gathering around, watching the movements of hard hands, raising hammer, and the flock of flies raised by light air [one of those repetitions of Gogol's style, from which he could not get rid of years Work on each paragraph], flies boldly, like the full owners, and, using the subheadlessness of the old woman and the sun, worrying her eyes, sprinkle talked pieces, where the gaze-bit, where thick heaps. "<…> There is a comparison with flies, paroding branchy parallels of Homer, describes a vicious circle, and after a complex, dangerous flip without a bed, which other acrobat writers enjoy, Gogol manages to twist to the original "apart and pile".
Obviously, this life is ghostly, it is not an activity, but an empty fuss. What await the city, what made everything in it to take off the place in the last chapters of the poem? Gossip about chikchiki. What is the work of the city to Chichikov's scam, why urban officials and their wives took everything so close to the heart, and the prosecutor made it for the first time in his life to think and die from the unusual tension? It is best commented and explains the entire mechanism of life of the city of the Blacks Record of Gogol to the "Dead Souls": "The idea of \u200b\u200bthe city. Embed to the highest degree of emptiness. Void. Gossip, which passed the limits, how it all originated from the straight and accepted the expression of funny to the highest degree. . As the emptiness and the powerless idleness of life are replaced by a muddy, nothing says to death. As this terrible event is impossible. Do not touch. Death is striking the non-terrifying world. Even more should be introduced to readers a dead insensitivity of life. "
Contrast of fussy external activity and internal osenation is amazing. The life of the city is dead and is meaningless, as the whole life of this insane modern world. The features of the alogombism in the image of the city were brought to the limit: the narrative begins with them. Recall the stupid, the unworthy conversation of the peasants, whether the wheel will come to Moscow or to Kazan; Comic idiocy signs "And here is the institution", "foreigner Ivan Fedorov" ... Do you think this is Gogol composed? Nothing like this! In a wonderful collection of essays of the life of the writer E. Ivanova "Metague Moscow Word" The whole chapter is devoted to the texts of the signs. These are given: "a skewed master of the young Karachai lamb with Kakhetian wine. Solomon", "Professor of Charsonon Art Andrei Zakharovich Serperti". But perfectly "Gogol": "Hairdresser Musya Zhoris-Pankratov", "Parisian hairdresser Pierre Musatov from London. Haircut, Briah and Curler." Where to them the poor "foreigner Ivan Fedorov"! But E. Ivanov collected curiosities at the beginning of the 20th century - that is, more than 50 years passed after the creation of the "dead souls"! And "Paris Hairdresser from London" and "Musiu Zhoris Pankratov" - the spiritual heirs of Gogol Heroes.
In many ways, the image of the provincial city in the "Dead Souls" resembles the image of the city in the "Revolution". But - pay attention! - Enlarged scale. Instead of a losing town of the town, from where "at least three years old, you will not attend to any state," the city is central - "not far from both capitals." Instead of the shallow tower of Governing - the governor. And life is the same - empty, meaningless, alogical - "dead life".
The artistic space of the poem is two worlds, which can be conventionally indicate as the world "Real" and the world "perfect." The author builds the "real" world, recreating the current reality of Russian life. Plushin, Nozdrev, Manilan, Sobekhevich, Prosecutor, Politzmeister and other heroes, are in this world, are peculiar caricatures on Gogol contemporaries. D.S. Likhachev stressed that "All types created by Gogol have strictly localized in the social space of Russia. With all the universal features of the Sobevich or boxes, all of them are still at the same time representatives of certain groups of the Russian population of the first half of the XIX century." According to the laws of Epos, Gogol recreates a picture of life in the poem, striving for the maximum breadth of coverage. It is no coincidence that he himself confessed that he wants to show "at least from one side, but the whole of Russia." Having written a picture of the modern world by creating a caricature mask of contemporaries, in which the characteristic era of weakness, disadvantages and defects were hypertrophied, brought to the absurd - and therefore simultaneously disgusting and ridiculous, - Gogol reaches the necessary effect: the reader saw the world. And only then the author reveals the mechanism of this distortion of life. Chapter "Kopeck Knight", made at the end of the first volume, compositionally becomes a "pluginary novel". Why do people see how the mess of their lives? And how do they understand if the only and most importantly guide received by the boy from his father, the spiritual covenant is expressed in two words: "Coppy"?
"Commism lies everywhere," N. V. Gogol said. "Living among him, we don't see it: but if the artist takes him to art, on the stage, then we will be on themselves with a laughter." This principle of artistic creativity embodied in the "dead souls". By giving readers to see how terrible and comical life, the author explains why people do not feel this, at best, they are not acute enough. The epic abstraction of the author from what is happening in the "real" world is due to the scale of facing the task of "Show all of Russia", give the reader himself, without the author's pointer to see what the world around him.
The world "ideal" is built in strict accordance with the true spiritual values, with the highest ideal, to which the human shower is committed. The author himself sees the "real" world so volumes precisely because it exists in the "other coordinate system", lives under the laws of the "ideal" world, judging itself and life in higher criteria - for aspiration to the ideal, as close to him.
In the name of the poem, the deepest philosophical meaning was laid. Dead souls are nonsense, a combination of incompatible - oxymoron, because the soul is immortal. For the "ideal" world of the soul is immortal, for it is the embodiment of the Divine beginning in man. And in the world "real" may well be a "dead soul", because the day of his shower is only what distinguishes a living person from the dead man. In the episode of the death of the prosecutor, the surroundings guess that he had exactly the soul, only when he became "only the soulless body." This world of mad - he forgot about the soul, and confusion and there is a cause of decay, the true and only one. Only with an understanding of this reason may begin the revival of Russia, the return of lost ideals, spirituality, soul in the true, highest meaning.
The world "ideal" - the world of spirituality, the spiritual world of man. There are no Plushkina and Sobeshevich in it, there can be no nozroid and boxes. It has a soul - immortal human souls. He is ideal in all the meanings of this word, and therefore this world can not be recreated epically. The spiritual world describes a different kind of literature - lyrics. That is why Gogol determines the product genre as a lyrol-epic, calling the "dead souls" by the poem.
Recall that the poem begins with a meaningless conversation of two men: whether the wheel will come to Moscow; with the descriptions of dusty, gray, infinitely dreary streets of the provincial city; With all sorts of manifestations of human nonsense and vulgarity. The first volume of the poem is completed by the image of the Chichiki Brush, ideally transformed in the last lyrical retreat in the symbol of the ever-living soul of the Russian people - the wonderful "bird-triple". The immortality of the soul is the only thing that he inspires the author to faith in the mandatory revival of his heroes - and the whole life, therefore, all of Russia.
Bibliography
Monakhova O.P., Malhouse M.V. Russian literature of the XIX century. Part 1. - M., 1994
To prepare this work, materials from the site http://www.gramma.ru were used
Starting with the seventh chapter of the poem "Dead Souls", officials are focused on the author. Despite the lack of detail and in detail drawn images similar to the heroes-landlords, the picture of the official life in the poem Gogol is striking with its breadth.
Two-three master strokes writer draws wonderful miniature portraits. This is the governor embroider in the Tyu, and the prosecutor with very black dense eyebrows, which is nothing to remember after death, except for these thick eyebrows, and the lowest postmaster, stale and philosopher, and many others. Gogol leads a peculiar classification of officials in the poem, making representatives of this class on the lower, thin and thick. The writer gives a sarcastic characteristic of each of these groups. The lower is, in Gogol Definition, unspoken pizari and secretaries, as a rule, bitter drunkards. Under the "thin" author implies the average layer, and the "thick" is a provincial one who holds firmly for its places and deftly extracts considerable income from its high position.
Gogol is inexhaustible in choosing surprisingly accurate and taking comparisons. So, he likes the officials of the Squadron Flys that fly to the rafiornad's talilla pieces. The provincial officials characterize in the poem and their usual classes: a game of cards, bats, lunches, dinners, gossip. Gogol writes that in the society of these civil servants, "meanness, completely disinterested, pure meanness" flourishes. Their quarrels do not end in duel, because "they were all civilian officials." They have other methods and means with the help of which they pack each other, which is heavier than any duel. Gogol paints this class as thieves, bribes, idlers and fraudsters who are connected with each other circular place. Therefore, officials feel so uncomfortable, when Scim Chichikova revealed, because each of them remembered his sins. If they try to delay Chichikov for his fraud, he will be able to blame them in dishonesty. A comic situation arises when people who are clotheled by the authorities help the screw in his illegal fraud and fear him.
Gogol in the poem spreads the framework of the county city, introducing into it "Tale of Captain Copeikin". It is not already talking about local abuses, but about the arbitrariness and lawlessness that the highest Petersburg officials are creating, that is, the government itself. The contrast is striking between the unheard of the luxury of St. Petersburg and the pathetic Nishchensky position of Kopeykina, who shed blood for the fatherland, lost his arms and legs. But, despite the injury and military merit, this hero of war has no right even to his retirement. The desperate disabled person is trying to find assistance in the capital, but his attempt is broken down on the cold indifference of a high-ranking dignitary. This disgusting image of the soulless Petersburg Veelmazby completes the characteristics of the world of officials. All of them, starting with the small provincial secretary and ending with the representative of the highest administrative authority, dishonest, mercenary, cruel people, indifferent to the destinies of the country and the people.
1. The role of Pushkin in creating the poem.
2. City description.
3. Officials of the provincial city of Nn.
It is known that A. S. Pushkin appreciated N. V. Gogol. Moreover, the writer often perceived the poet as a counsel or even a teacher. It is Pushkin that lovers of Russian literature in the appearance of such immortal works of the writer as the "auditor" and "Dead Souls" are largely obliged.
In the first case, the poet just suggested satirca a simple plot, but in the second made it seriously think about how to imagine a whole era in a small work. Alexander Sergeevich was confident that his junior would certainly deal with his task: "He always told me that there was no one writer for me to exhibit so bright vividness of life, outlined in such a force of vulgarity, so that the whole thing is Which eludes an eye, flashed in the eyes of everyone. " As a result, satirc managed not to disappoint the great poet. Gogol pretty quickly determined the idea of \u200b\u200bhis new work - "dead souls", taking the basis of a fairly common type of fraud during the purchase of fortress peasants. This action was filled with a more significant meaning, being one of the main characteristics of the entire social structure of Russia at the Board of Nicholas.
The writer has repeatedly reflected above what is his work. Pretty soon he came to the conclusion that "dead souls" is an epic poem, because it "the volume is not some features, but the whole era of time, among which hero acted with the way of thoughts, beliefs and even knowledge, which made humanity did at that time " The concept of poetic is not limited to the work only with lyricism and copyright departures. Nikolai Vasilyevich swallowed to more: on the volume and breadth of the plan in general, on its versatility. The action of the poem occurs around the middle of the rule of Alexander I, after the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. That is, the writer returns to the events of the twenty years ago, which gives the poem status and historical work.
Already on the first pages of the book, the reader meets the main character - Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, who on personal affairs drove into the provincial city of Nn. It is no special different from other similar cities. The guest noticed that "the yellow paint was strongly in the eyes on stone houses and modestly dark gray on wooden. The houses were one, two and a half years old with eternal mezzanine, very beautiful, according to the provincial architects. In places, these houses seemed lost among the wide, as a field, streets and endless wooden fences; The places were knocked out in a bunch, and there was no more movement of the people and liveliness here. " All the time, emphasizing the categorization of this place and its similarity with many other provincial cities, the author hinted that the life of these settlements, for sure, was also different. So, the city began to acquire a fully summarizing character. And here in the imagination of readers of Chichikov no longer in a specific place, but in some collective image of the cities of the Nikolaev era: "Someone just on the street there were tables with nuts, soap and gingerbread, like soap ... Most often it was noticeable of darkened Two-headed state eagles, which are now replaced by a laconic inscription: "Pite". Bridge everywhere was bad. "
Even in the description of the city, the author emphasizes the hypocriteness and falsity of the inhabitants of the city, or rather, his managers. So, Chichikov looks at the city garden, consisting of thin trees, poorly arrogant, the newspapers were said that "our city was decorated, thanks to the care of a civilian ruler, a garden consisting of shady, wide-stitchy trees, giving coolness in a hot day."
Governor of the city of Nn. Like Chichikov, he was "not a fat nor finely, he had on her neck, and even rumored that he was presented to the star, however, there was a big kindness and even embroidered sometimes on the yoke." Pavel Ivanovich on the first day of stay in the city traveled with visits all the secular society and everywhere he managed to find a common language with new acquaintances. Of course, the ability of Chichikova Flaws and the near future of local officials played not a small role in this: "The governor hinted somehow casually that in his province entry like in paradise, the roads are velvet everywhere ... Policemiter said something very flattering about city boots ; And in conversations with the Vice-Governor and Chairman of the Chamber, who were still only Stat advisers, said even a mistake twice: "Your Excellency", which I liked it very much. " That was enough for everyone to recognize the arrival quite a pleasant and decent person and invited him to the governor party, where the cream was gathered.
The writer ironically compared the guests of this event with the Fly Schools, which are in the midst of the summer summer on white raffinade. Chichiki and here did not hit the dirt face, but he behaved in such a way that soon all the officials and landowners recognized him with a decent and carriage of a person. Moreover, this opinion was dictated by not any good actions of the guest, but only to his ability to flatter everyone. This fact has already eloquently testified the development and inhabitants of the city of Nn. Describing the ball, the author divided men into two categories: "... one are thin, which everyone saw about the ladies; Some were of them of these kinds that hardly it was possible to distinguish them from the St. Petersburg ... Another genus of men was thick or the same as chikhiki ... these, on the contrary, mowed and fivefold from the ladies and looked only on the sides .. . These were honored officials in the city. " Immediately the writer concluded: "... Tolstoy can better deprive their things on this light than thin."
Moreover, many representatives of the highest society were not without education. Thus, the Chairman of the Chamber was told by "Lyudmila" V. A. Zhukovsky, the Politzmeister was spruce, other who also read N. M. Karamzin, who "Moscow Vedomosti". In other words, a good level of education of officials was doubtful. However, this did not bother them to manage the city, if necessary, to defend their interests. That is, a special class was formed in a class society. Allegedly liberated from prejudice officials perverted laws in their own way. In the city of Nn. As in other similar cities, they used unlimited power. The policeman was enough to blink, passing by the fish row, and he was brought to the house products for the preparation of luxury lunch. It is the customs and not too strict the morals of this place allowed Pavel Ivanovich to achieve the goals so quickly. Very soon the main character became the owner of four hundred dead shower. The landowners, without thinking and make sure about their own gain, willingly inferior to him his goods, and at the lowest price: the dead serf peasants are not needed in the farm.
Chichikov did not even need an effort to make a deal with them. Officials also did not pay attention to the pleasant guest and even offered him their help for the prosperous delivery of peasants in place. Pavel Ivanovich made only one serious miscalculation, which caused trouble, he outdressed local ladies to his indifferers to their person and enhanced attention to the young beauty. However, this does not change the opinion of local officials about Guest. Only when the nostrils dispersed under the governor, that the new face was trying to buy dead souls from him, the highest society was thinking. But here led no common sense, but gossip, growing like a snowball. That is why Chichikov began to attribute and the abduction of the governor's daughter, and the organization of the riot of peasants, and the manufacture of fake coins. Only now officials began to experience such anxiety towards Pavel Ivanovich, that many of them even lost weight.
As a result, the society comes at all to the ridiculous conclusion: Chichikov is a disguised Napoleon. The inhabitants of the city wanted to arrest the main character, but they were very afraid of him. This dilemma led the prosecutor to death. All these excitements unfold behind the guests at the guest, as he sick and does not leave the house for three days. And no one comes to any of his new friends just talk to Chikchikov. Having learned about the current situation, the main character ordered to pack things and left the city. It is impossible to fully and bright Gogol in his poem showed vulgarity and the lowestness of the morals of the provincial cities of that time. Ignorant people standing in power in such places set the tone to the entire local society. Instead of managing the province, they conducted balls and parties, demanding their personal problems for the government account.
The writing
In Tsarist Russia, the 1930s of the XIX century, a real disaster for the people was not only a serfdom, but also an extensive bureaucratic bureaucratic unit. Understanding on guard of legality and law enforcement, representatives of the administrative power thought only about their own material good, rushing out the treasury, extorting bribes, mocking abuse people. Thus, the topic of exposing the official world was very relevant for Russian literature. Gogol has repeatedly turned to her in such works as the "auditor", "Shinel", "Notes of Crazy". She found the expression and in the "Dead Souls" poem, where, starting with the seventh chapter, officials are in the center of the author. Despite the lack of detail and in detail drawn images similar to the heroes-landlords, the picture of the official life in the poem Gogol is striking with its breadth.
Two-three master strokes writer draws wonderful miniature portraits. This is the governor embroidering the tulle, and the prosecutor with very black dense eyebrows, and the lowest postmaster, stroke and philosopher, and many others. These fluent parties are remembered thanks to characteristic funny details that are filled with deep meaning. In fact, why is the head of the whole province characterized as a kind, which sometimes embroiders on the yoke? Probably because as a manager there is nothing to say about him. From here it is easy to conclude about how the governor is negotiating and unfaithfully applies to their official duties, to civil debt. The same can be said about his subordinates. Gogol widely uses the characteristics of the hero with other characters in the poem. For example, when a witness was needed for the purchase of a fortress, Sobachievich tells Chikchikov that the prosecutor, as a fellow man, is true, sitting at home. But this is one of the most significant officials of the city, which should be repeated justice, follow the observance of legality. The characteristic of the prosecutor in the poem is enhanced by the description of his death and funeral. He did not do anything but the mindless signing of papers, as provided all the decisions of Stranat, "First Hapuga in the World." Obviously, the cause of his death was rumors about the sale of "dead souls", since it was he who was responsible for all the illegal affairs in the city. Gorky Gogol Irony hears in thought about the meaning of the life of the prosecutor: "Why did he die, or why he lived, one God knows." Even chikhiki, looking at the funeral of the prosecutor, involuntarily comes to the thought that the only thing that the dead man could remember is dense black eyebrows.
Closeup gives a writer a typical image of an official of Ivan Antonovich, a kuvshinnyh row. Using his position, he extorts bribes from visitors. It's ridiculous to read about how Chicchikov put in front of Ivan Antonovich "a piece of paper", "which he absolutely did not notice and covered the immediate Book." But sadly from the consciousness of which Russian citizens, depending on dishonest, borestiving people, representing state power, turned out to be. This thought emphasizes Gogol comparison of the official of the civilian ward with versgil. At first glance, it is unacceptable. But the gady official, like the Roman poet in the "Divine Comedy", leads Chichikov in all the circles of bureaucratic hell. It means that this comparison enhances the impression of the evil that the entire administrative system of Tsarist Russia is impregnated.
Gogol leads a peculiar classification of officials in the poem, making representatives of this class on the lower, thin and thick. The writer gives a sarcastic characteristic of each of these groups. The lower is, in Gogol Definition, unspoken pizari and secretaries, as a rule, bitter drunkards. Under the "thin" author implies the average layer, and the "thick" is a provincial one who holds firmly for its places and deftly extracts considerable income from its high position.
Gogol is inexhaustible in choosing surprisingly accurate and taking comparisons. So, he likes the officials of the Squadron Flys that fly to the rafiornad's talilla pieces. The provincial officials are characterized in the poem and their usual classes: a game of cards, bats, dinners, dinners, gossip Gogol writes that in the society of these civil servants, "meanness, completely disinterested, pure meanness" is flourishing. Their quarrels do not end in duel, because "they were all civilian officials." They have other methods and means, thanks to which they pack each other, which is heavier than any duel. In the lifestyle of officials, there are no significant differences in their actions and views. Gogol paints this class as thieves, bribes, idlers and fraudsters who are connected with each other circular place. Therefore, officials feel so uncomfortable, when Scim Chichikova revealed, because each of them remembered his sins. If they try to delay Chichikov for his fraud, he will be able to blame them in dishonesty. A comic situation arises when people who are clotheled by the authorities help the screw in his illegal fraud and fear him.
Gogol in the poem spreads the framework of the county city, introducing into it "Tale of Captain Copeikin". It is not already talking about local abuses, but about the arbitrariness and lawlessness that the highest Petersburg officials are creating, that is, the government itself. The contrast is striking between the unheard of the luxury of St. Petersburg and the pathetic Nishchensky position of Kopeykina, who shed blood for the fatherland, lost his arms and legs. But, despite the injury and military merit, this hero of war has no right even to his retirement. The desperate disabled person is trying to find assistance in the capital, but his attempt is broken down on the cold indifference of a high-ranking dignitary. This disgusting image of the soulless Petersburg Veelmazby completes the characteristics of the world of officials. All of them, starting with the small provincial secretary and ending with the representative of the highest administrative authority, dishonest, mercenary, cruel people, indifferent to the destinies of the country and the people. It is to this conclusion that the reader leads the reader a wonderful poem N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls".