How many years Brezhnev was the Gensen. Kiss of the Secretary General Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev: biography, years of life and reign

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev is a politician. The date of birth on December 19, 1906, was born and lived in the Yekaterinoslav province village of Kamensky. His parents are simple workers. Brezhnev had sister faith Ilyinichna and Brother Yakova Ilyich. He studied in the gymnasium in Kamensky. Finished the technical school in Kursk. After began to work by Amermer in the Kursk region. In 1927, Victoria Denisova's medical technical school married in 1927. In 1929, the daughter of Galina appeared in 1929, and in 1933 the son of Yuri was born. From 1928, Leonid Brezhnev worked in the Urals, in the district executive committee was a deputy. Chairman, in the land management of the Deputy Head.

In 1930 he entered the Institute of Agricultural Engineering, it was later translated into Dneprodzerzhinsk to the Metallurgical Institute and becomes an engineer.

He served in the army. He was the director in the Metallurgical Technical School of Dneprodzerzhinsk, engineer of the Metallurgical Plant, and since 1937 begins party activities.

In the war years, it was on the South Front in political management, on social and political posts in the army, took part in the operation in the Kharkiv region, in the liberation of Novorossiysk, Ukraine, in the combat actions of the Caucasus, in the attack on Germany. In the post-war time at the post of first secretary in the Zaporizhia Regional Party, in Dnepropetrovsk in the Command Party, in the Central Committee of the CP Moldova. He was the leader in the Naval Ministry, headed the Office in the Soviet Army and Fleet. From 1954-1960 worked in Kazakhstan.

After the post of Chairman in the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the gene becomes. Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, taking it by conspiracy against Khrushchev.

18 years was a state and party figure, held high positions in the USSR.

Deserved rewards and orders. Total awards 117. He suffered a clinical death, after which he could not recover. He died at the state dacha district in a dream on November 10 in 1982. Buried on Red Square.

Read the biography of Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, one of the most striking party figures in history that occupied the highest positions was born in the Ekaterinov region (today this territory belongs to Ukraine) 19.12.1906.

Mom, Natalya Denisovna and Pope Ilya Yakovlevich - Leonid Ilyich's parents, were ordinary ordinary workers. In the family of Brezhnev, three children were: Senior - Leonid, Middle - Vera and Jr. - Jacob.

At the end of the gymnasium, at 16, Leonid Ilyich went to work on the oil factory. Two years later, Brezhnev joined the Komsomol organization and entered the technical school.

At 21, Brezhnev married. His chosen was Victoria Denisov. In marriage they had two children - Galya and Yura.

In the difficult time of the Great Patriotic War, Leonid was involved in the evacuation of the main industrial facilities. Later he was appointed to important positions in the field of politics. Brezhnev was one of those who became a member of the Grand Victory Parade in 1945.

In the post-war period, Brezhnev began to lead restorative work at the destroyed factories. At about the same time, he was appointed to the post of first secretary.

Brezhnev successfully walked up the career ladder. Before nominating his candidacy to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he served as secretary of the military-industrial complex.

In the summer of 1964, Leonid Ilyich headed the delegation of representatives of the USSR in Italy. So his first visit was held abroad. In the same year, Brezhnev engaged in the displacement of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev.

Brezhnev came to power in 1966, the period of his reign fell on the eighth five-year plan. When the five-year plan was summed up, it turned out that the standard of living of citizens changed for the better. This period is considered the most fruitful in the history of the USSR, it was called "Golden".

Reforms, changes and achievements during the Board of Brezhnev:

• economic reform by Plan Kosygin;
• political reform;
• strengthening foreign policy relations, also held the first negotiations in the United States;
• the XXII Olympic Games were held, etc.

To strengthen his power, Leonid Ilyich tried to surround himself with his comrades and colleagues. His acquaintances were assigned to high guidelines. Another distinctive feature of the personnel policy of Leonid Ilyich is the constancy of managers, they could take their posts with decades.

At the end of March 1982, during an excursion on the corps of the aircraft carrion in Tashkent, Brezhnev suffered as a result of an accident: the wedding was collapsed. As a result of this incident, Brezhnev was a fracture of the clavicle, which did not grumble. This case very negatively affected his health.

Brezhnev died on November 10, 1986 at the age of 75 in a dream from a heart stop. After 30 years, the circumstances of the death of Brezhnev seem to be strange and mysterious, since his personal doctor, that constantly accompanied Leonid Ilyich, that day was absent. Brezhnev's funeral took place on November 15 at the Kremlin Wall.

Interesting facts and dates from life

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, whose reign, fell on the so-called stagnation era, does not cause compatriots such hot disputes as Stalin or even Khrushchev. However, this personality causes very contradictory assessments, and the corresponding period left a variety of impressions in the public consciousness.

Leonid Brezhnev. Years of the Board of the USSR

Today this period is associated, first of all, with in the light industry and the growing upwardness of the Union from the main Western competitor in

Heavy. Leonid Brezhnev, whose reign for 1964-1982, even in power turned out to be unusual for those times by. In the previous forty years of the existence of the Soviet state it was difficult to imagine that his leader could be shifted from the post through bureaucratic mechanisms. And Lenin, and Stalin, despite the inconsistency of their activities, were figures such a scale that the change of power could be implemented and carried out only after their death. The end of totalitarianism in the state, and including party cleansing, laid Nikita Khrushchev. A lot of this contributed to the XX Congress of the CPSU in 1956. The state has never had such a large-scale and sole leader. As a result, Khrushchev was shifted by a party decision in 1964. His successor was Leonid Brezhnev, whose reign years of which began with the decision of Plenum this period became an apogee of the development of the Soviet country and at the same time began its collapse.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Years of reign and trend in domestic policy

Today, this page of domestic history is customary to be called a stagnation, recalling the lack of essential goods and stagnation of the economy. In fairness it is worth noting that among the first political decisions of Leonid Ilyich in the post was the unfolding of economic reforms. The activity started in 1965 was aimed at the translation partly to the market rut. The independence of large economic enterprises has been significantly expanded, instruments ensuring material

stimulating employees. And indeed, the reform began to give brilliant results. The Brezhnev period became the most successful in the entire history of the country. However, the reformers never brought their undertakings to the end. The reform involved in economic liberalization, which ensured obvious results, was not supported by public and political liberalization. The introduction of market mechanisms on large economic facilities was not complemented by the liberalization of the market relations themselves in the country. Actually, the halfness of reforms determined the slowdown in development rates in the early 1970s. In addition, at this time, oil deposits are found in Siberia, filling out lungs of the execution of the execution, after which state leaders are finally losing interest in reforming economic and public life. In the future, the widely known tendencies of "screwing nuts" are increasingly growing (mass executions never happened, but the houses of the mentally ill was a parable in pags), a decrease in the profitability of production, when the industry demanded all the large investments, but gave less and less results. There is increasingly unbalanced by state economy. The need to invest resources in negatively affects mild, pouring into the infamous trade deficit.

L.I. Brezhnev. Years of reign and trends in foreign policy

In addition to the internal problems, despite all efforts, the missiles in the international arena are increasingly becoming obvious. If in the Khrushchev era, despite all of her ridiculous epic, the USSR spoke on equal footing with the United States during the period and was the first in the development of space, then in 1969 Americans are first ahead of the union in the landing on the moon. The first loud success of the domestic space program was the first successful landing for a spacecraft on Mars. All intense begins fermentation and in the friendly republics of the socialist camp. A large extent laid the problems that were frankly manifested during the restructuring and pushed the state to the final collapse.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (6 (19) December 1906, according to other data, December 19, 1906 (January 1, 1907), Kamenskoye, Ekaterinoslav Province - November 10, 1982, Zarechye, Moscow region). The Soviet state and party leader who occupied the highest leadership posts in the USSR within 18 years, from 1964 to his death in 1982.

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Participant of the Victory Parade on Red Square on June 24, 1945.

The first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in 1964-1966, from 1966 to 1982 - Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1960-1964 and 1977-1982. Marshal of the Soviet Union (1976).

Hero of Socialist Labor (1961) and four times of the Hero of the Soviet Union (1966, 1976, 1978, 1981). Laureate of the International Leninist Prize "For Strengthening Peaces Between Peoples" (1973) and Lenin Prize in Literature (1979).

In 1978, he was awarded the Order of the "Victory", in 1989 this award was posthumously canceled by the Decree Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. S. Gorbachev.

Total L.I. Brezhnev had 117 Soviet and foreign state awards.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was born in Kamensky Yekaterinoslav province (now Dneprodzerzhinsk Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine) in the family of Ilya Yakovlevich Brezhnev (1874-1930) and Natalia Denisovna Mazalova (1886-1975).

His father and mother were born and before moving to Kamensky lived in with. Brezhnevo (now Kursk district of the Kursk region). Father Brezhneva was a technical worker at the Metallurgical Plant - "Fabler".

Brother - Yakov Ilyich Brezhnev (1912-1993). Sister - Vera Ilyinichna Brezhneva (1910-1997).

In various official documents, including a passport, the nationality of L. I. Brezhnev was indicated as a Ukrainian or Russian.

In 1915, he was adopted in the classical gymnasium of the town of Kamensky, which he graduated in 1921.

Since 1921, Leonid Ilyich worked at a Kursk Masloboy Plant, in 1923 he joined Komsomol.

In 1923-1927 he studied at Kursk Amernel and Meliorative Technical School. Having obtained the qualifications of the surveyor of the 3rd category, worked as a land surveyor surveyor: a few months in p. Terebed the Krasnoyarvaya parish of the Greivon district of Kursk province, then in the Kohanovsky district of the Orshansky district of the Belarusian SSR (now Tolochinsky district).

In 1927 he married Victoria Denisovoy.

In March 1928, Brezhnev was translated into the Urals, where he worked as a land surveyor, the head of the district land department, the Deputy Chairman of the Bisadist District Executive Committee of the Ural Region (1929-1930), Deputy Head of the Ural Regional Land Department.

In September 1930, he leaves the Urals and enters the Moscow Institute of Agricultural Engineering named after M. I. Kalinin, and in the spring of 1931 translated into the Evening Faculty of the Dneprodzerzhinsky Metallurgical Institute. At the same time, he works as a mechanic at the Dnieper Metallurgical Plant named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky.

In 1935 he graduated from the institute, received a diploma of engineer on heat installations.

In 1935-1936, he served in the army: the cadet and political officer of the tank company in Transbaikalia (the village of Peschanka is 15 km south-east of the city of Chita). He studied at the courses of the motorization and mechanization of the Red Army, at the end of which received his first officer rank - lieutenant. In 1982, after the death of L. I. Brezhnev, his name was assigned to the Peschanian tank educational regiment.

In 1936-1937 was the director of the Metallurgical Technical School in Dneprodzerzhinsk. In 1937 he worked as an engineer at the Dnieper Metallurgical Plant named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky.

From May 1937, Deputy Chairman of the Dneprodzerzhinsky City Executive Committee. Since 1937 at work in party bodies. In Dneprodzerzhinsk, Leonid Brezhnev lived in a modest two-story four-quartic house number 40 on Pelin Avenue. Now it is called "Lennin House". According to the former neighbors, he loved to drive pigeons with the pigeons standing in the yard (now in her place a garage). The last time he visited his generic nest in 1979, photographed with his homes for memory.

Since 1938, Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, since 1939, secretary of the regional committee.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, participates in the mobilization of the population into the Red Army, is engaged in the evacuation of industry. Then hosts the service in political positions in the current army: the deputy head of the political management of the Black Sea group of the army of the North Caucasian Front (1941-1943), the head of the 18 Army political department, the deputy head of the Southern Front politician (1943-1945).

In early 1942, for participation under the command of R. Ya. Malinovsky in the offensive Bavenkovo-Lozovskoy operation in the south of Kharkiv region, Brezhnev received his first Order of the Red Banner.

As a brigadier commissioner, in the abolistence of the Institute of Military Commissars in October 1942, instead of the expected general title, was certified by Colonel.

In 1943 he participated in the liberation of Novorossiysk. During the preparation, the operation for the liberation of the city has repeatedly visited with the sea landing, a small land on the West Bank of the Cemessian bay was surrounded by the enemy. For the liberation of Novorossiysk was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.

From June 1945, Leonid Brezhnev - Head of Polit Management of the 4th Ukrainian Front, then - Head of Political Management of the Carpathian Military District.

At the Parade of the Victory on June 24, 1945, on Red Square in Moscow, L. I. Brezhnev was the Commissioner of the Summary Shelf of the 4th Ukrainian Front, she took the head of the column together with the front command.

From August 30, 1946 to November 1947, the first secretary of the Zaporizhia Regional Committee of the Party (appointed on the recommendation of N. S. Khrushcheva). He led the restoration of enterprises and Dneprogas destroyed during the war. For successes in the revival of the Zaporizhstal Metallurgical Plant, L. I. Brezhnev received its first Order of Lenin on December 7, 1947.

In 1947-1950, he worked as the first secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk Committee of the Party. Much a lot for post-war recovery of the city and industrial enterprises. In 1948 he was awarded a medal "For the restoration of enterprises of the Black Metallurgy of the South."

Since the summer of 1950 - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova. He stayed in this post until October 1952, when after a personal meeting with Stalin at the XIX Congress of the CPSU, he was first elected by a member of the Central Committee, and the Central Committee is elected by the Central Committee of the Central Committee, the Central Committee and the Candidate of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Party. Also was a member of the Permanent Commissions at the Presidium of the Central Committee - on Foreign Affairs and on Defense (in the latter from November 1952).

After death in March 1953, Brezhnev was released from both posts and was appointed head of the Navy Political Government. According to Mlechin, with their political nesting ministries that followed in the same month, their politicians were merged, and Brezhnev remained without work. In May 1953, Brezhnev turned with a letter to the chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers G. M. Malenkov, with a request to send him to work in the part of Ukraine. By order of the USSR Defense Minister No. 01608 dated May 21, 1953, Brezhnev was returned to the personnel of the Soviet Army.

According to P. A. Sudplatova and General K. S. Moskalenko, among the 10 armed generals caused to the Kremlin on June 26, 1953 for the arrest of L. P. Beria, was L. I. Brezhnev.

From May 21, 1953 to February 27, 1954, the Deputy Head of the Main Political Department of the Soviet Army and the Navy. Lieutenant-General (08/04/1953).

In 1954, the proposal is translated into Kazakhstan, where it first works as the second, and since 1955, the first secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Republic. Manages the development of virgin lands. Participates in the preparation of the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome in Central Kazakhstan.

Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU for the Defense Industry since February 1956 to July 1960, in 1956-1957, a candidate for members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, since 1957 a member of the Presidium (from 1966 - Politburo) of the CPSU Central Committee.

From May 1960 to July 1964 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. At the same time from June 1963 to October 1964 - the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.

Being the first secretary of the Central Committee of the KP of Kazakhstan, L. I. Brezhnev participated in solving issues of construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome, inspected the progress of the construction of start-up complexes.

As a secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU L. I. Brezhnev oversees the issues of the military-industrial complex, including the development of space technology. For the preparation of the first flight of a person in space (April 12, 1961) awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (the decree was not published).

In 1964, he participates in the organization of the bias N. S. Khrushcheva. Leonid Brezhnev proposed V. E. Seven, the chairman of the USSR KGB during the preparation of the October Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee of 1964, to physically get rid of N. S. Khrushcheva.

At the plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on October 14, 1964, Brezhnev was elected by the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and the Chairman of the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee on the RSFSR.

On January 22, 1969, during a solemn meeting of the crews of Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 spacecraft on L. I. Brezhnev, an unsuccessful attempt was committed. The Junior Lieutenant of the Soviet Army, Victor Ilyin, disguised into a foreign police form, penetrated the Borovitsky gate under the guner's guner and opened fire from two pistols by car, in which he intended to have had to drive the Secretary General. In fact, in this car there were astronauts of Leonov, Nikolaev, Tereshkova and the coastal. The shots were killed by the driver Ilya Zharkov, several people were injured before the accompaniment motorcycle shot down the shooter. Brezhnev himself rode in another car (and according to some data, even another route) and did not suffer.

In 1967, Brezhnev visited Hungary official visits, in 1971 - France, in 1973 - Germany, in 1974 - Cuba.

On March 22, 1974, Brezhnev awarded the military rank of the army general (bypassing the rank of Colonel-General).

Brezhnev during the hardware struggle managed to eliminate Shelepina and Podgorny and put on the key posts personally devotees to him (N. A. Tikhonov, N. A. Shyokalov, K. U. Chernenko, S. K. Zvigun). Kosygin was not eliminated, but the economic policy held by them systematically sabotated with Brezhnev.

The party apparatus believed in Brezhnev, considering it as his own protein and the defender of the system. According to Roy Medvedev and L. A. Molchanova, the party nomenclature rejected any reforms, sought to maintain the regime that ensures power, stability and broad privileges, and it was in the Brezhnev period that the party apparatus fully submitted to himself the state, ministry and executive committees became simple performers of party decisions Organs, and non-party leaders practically disappeared.

In 1968, after a series of interstate negotiations with the participation of Heads of Socustra (except Romania), the Brezhnev and his colleagues on the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to enter the troops in Czechoslovaki to suppress Prague Spring. On August 18, Moscow held a meeting of the leaders of the USSR, GDR, Poland, Bulgaria and Hungary, where military-political measures were agreed, the implementation of which began in 2 days. Brezhnev was slowed down, his reactions are inadequate, during the negotiations the Secretary-General was disturbed by diction. Assistants demanded a response if Brezhnev could continue negotiations. Brezhnev himself muttered something, tried to stand up and there was a reaction that frightened everything politburo. Kosygin was sitting next to Brezhnev and saw how he gradually began to lose the thread of the conversation.

The statement is found that in November 1972, Brezhnev suffered a stroke with severe consequences. However, treating Brezhnev Academician Chazov denies it.

Before visiting in 1973 by Prince Philipp of the USSR, the Forin office provided him with a brief characteristics of the persons with whom he had to meet. Leonid Brezhnev was described there as a "volitional man emitting confidence and competence that does not have a brilliant intelligence. Despite the blooming species, several heart attacks have been transferred. Loves hunting, football and driving; In English does not say. "

In early 1976, clinical death suffered. After that, he could not physically recover, and his heavy condition and inability to manage the country every year became more obvious. Brezhnev suffered asteen (neuropsychic weakness) and atherosclerosis of the brain vessels. He could only work for two to two days, after which she slept, watched TV, etc. He had a narcotic dependence on sleeping pills - non-label.

On May 22-30, 1972, the official visit of the US President to Moscow was held first in the history of Soviet-American relations. During the meeting, Brezhnev and Richard Nixon signed a treaty between the USSR and the United States on the restriction of missile defense systems (Pro Agreement), a temporary agreement between the USSR and the United States on some measures in the field of restriction of strategic offensive armaments (ASSR-1), the basis of relationships between the USSR and USA.

On June 18-26, 1973, Brezhnev made a return visit to the United States, held negotiations with Nixon in Washington, according to the results of which an agreement was signed on the prevention of nuclear war, non-suite of nuclear weapons, an agreement on the reduction of strategic arms. On behalf of American businessmen Nixon presented a Brezhnev car worth 10 thousand dollars.

For a few days, Brezhnev came at Villa Nixon in San Clemento (California). Visit Brezhnev took place in a serious time for Nixon, recalled the USSR Ambassador to the USA Anatoly Dobrynin, his influence and authority in the United States experienced a crisis ended on August 9, 1974 by resignation. During the visit, Brezhnev was interrupted for a week of Watergate hearing, which broadcast on television to all states. On the visit of Brezhnev in the United States, the film "In the name of the world on earth".

On November 23-24, 1974, a working meeting of Brezhnev and President of the United States Gerald Ford was held in the Vladivostok district. During the meeting, a joint Soviet-American statement was signed, in which the parties confirmed the intention to conclude a new ASS agreement until the end of 1985.

June 18, 1979 in Vienna Brezhnev and US President Jimmy Carter signed an agreement between the USSR and the United States on the limitation of strategic offensive arms (AUC-2 Agreement).

After the invasion of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan in December 1979, contacts at the highest level between the USSR and the United States were cooled. The next meeting took place only in November 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev became the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

Nevertheless, a state delegation of the United States led by the Vice-President George Bush-senior and Secretary George Schulz to Moscow arrived at the Brezhnev's funeral in November 1982.

In the seventies, a partial reconciliation of two systems ("discharge") occurred in the international arena. It was at that time (1973) Brezhnev received a Leninist Prize for strengthening peace between nations.

In May 1973, Brezhnev committed an official visit to Germany, where for the first time at the highest level the topic about the inviolability of borders in Europe was touched upon. The Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt responded to Brezhnev evasively and, as it turned out, insightful: "Eternal borders do not happen, but no one should strive to change their violent way." A contract was signed between the USSR and FRG. The success of Brezhnev's visit to Germany contributed to the special service of the GDR Stakeholder, together with the Soviet foreign exploration, a bribing operation of several deputies of the Bundestag, which allowed the defeat of the Brandt Chancellor in Parliament when voting votes confidence from April 27, 1972. Thus, the subsequent ratification of German agreements with the Soviet Union, Poland and the GDR, which secured the eastern borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, which established after World War II.

On March 22, 1974 (bypassing the rank of Colonel-General) Brezhnev awarded the military rank of the Army General.

On August 1, 1975, Brezhnev in Helsinki signed Helsinki agreements confirming the inviolability of borders in Europe. FRG before that did not recognize Potsdam agreements that changed the boundaries of Poland and Germany, and did not recognize the presence of the GDR. Germany actually did not even recognize the joining of Kaliningrad and Klaipeda to the USSR.

In the capital of Finland, Brezhnev also conducted a number of bilateral meetings. During a conversation with the British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, according to the testimony of Vladimir Musalang's personal photographer who accompanied the Secretary General, a funny episode occurred, in which Leonid Ilyich showed his uncommon sense of humor. Locking the phone, Wilson could not figure out where to put his case. Brezhnev immediately helped him and at the same time joked: "All the secrets of England in my hands!".

In the early 1980s, Brezhnev said that capitalist countries were transferred from the ideology of "coercion of communism" proposed by Harry Truman, to the idea of \u200b\u200b"convergence of two systems" and "peaceful coexistence". Reagan, who became the President of the United States, and soon, after the USSR held in the summer of 1982, the Shield-82 military exercises, Reagan on March 8, 1983 called the USSR of the "Evil Empire".

From June 20 to June 22, 1977, Brezhnev visited France on an official visit and held talks with President Valerie Giscard D'Estin, as a result of which he signed a joint statement about the discharge of international tension, the Soviet-French Declaration on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and other documents.

On February 20, 1978, he was awarded the Order of "Victory", for, as stated in the decree, "... a great contribution to the victory of the Soviet people and its armed forces in the Great Patriotic War, outstanding services in strengthening the country's defense capability, for the development and consistent implementation of the foreign policy of the Soviet world States reliably providing the country's development in peaceful conditions "which was presented only in wartime for outstanding merits in the command of the front during victories that provided a fundamental fracture in the strategic environment. The award was canceled by Decree M. S. Gorbachev on September 21, 1989 as a conflicting Statute of the Order.

The group of famous Soviet journalists was instructed to write memories of Brezhnev ("Small Earth", "Revival", "Coleno"), designed to strengthen his political authority. As Leonid Mlechin pointed out, "Brezhnev himself not only did not participate in his own memoirs, but even nothing told those people who wrote them. For them, some documents were found in the archive and found the colleagues of Brezhnev. " Thanks to millions of charsions, Brezhnev's fee amounted to 179,241 rubles. By turning on the MEMUMARS of the Secretary General in school and university programs and making them mandatory for "positive" discussion in all labor groups, party ideologues have achieved the opposite result - L. I. Brezhnev became the hero of numerous anecdotes in his life. According to the All-Union Radio, Memoirs read People's Artist of the USSR Vyacheslav Tikhonov.

On December 12, 1979, Brezhnev and his closest associates decided to the special operation on the change of power in Afghanistan and on the introduction of Soviet troops into this country, which was the beginning of the long-term participation of the USSR in the intrafgan conflict.

After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, on which Brezhnev decided, the West introduced sectoral sanctions against the USSR, the most sensitive of which was touched by the gas and export industry: the Soviet Union ceased to supply pipes of large diameters and compressors for gas pipelines, which, according to the last Soviet premiere Nikolay Ryzhkov, gave Impulse construction of pipe rolling mills and the release of import-substituting domestic products for gas and oil pipelines.

In 1981, on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the stay of L. I. Brezhnev in the Communist Party, only for him one was released cast from gold "50 years stayed in the CPSU" (for other CPSU veterans, this sign was made of silver with a gilding).

The fourth golden star of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Brezhnev in December 1981 on the occasion of his 75th anniversary.

On March 23, 1982, in Tashkent, when Brezhnev examined the aircraft carrier hulls, bridges, full of people collapsed on it. As a result, Brezhnev was broken by a clavicle, which then did not have grown. After this incident, the health of the Secretary General was finally undermined. The next day, Brezhnev was to speak at a solemn meeting in Tashkent. He was persuaded immediately return to Moscow for treatment, but Brezhnev refused, remained and said. Those who were present in the hall and viewers seemed that Brezhnev drank the day before - he was somewhat inhibited. Only those who accompanied him knew that even the lung movement of the right hand was extremely painful for him, so the doctors gave him an painful tool. On November 7, 1982, the last public appearance of Brezhnev took place. Standing on the podium of Lenin's Mausoleum, he took a military parade for several hours on Red Square; However, his heavy physical condition was abandoned even on official shooting.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev died in a dream on the night of November 10, 1982 at the State Ducity "Zarechye-6". According to the conclusion of medical examination, death occurred between 8 and 9 in the morning from the sudden stop of the heart. From published materials and evidence remains unclear why on this night and by the time of the body discovery in the country there was no attached personal doctor of Brezhnev Mikhail Karev (who usually even sitting at the table with the Gensen), there was no medical post, because of What to carry out resuscitation activities about an hour had to be exclusively a security guard Vladimir Dogachenkov. On this strange and inexplicable even after 30 years, the circumstance is indicated, in particular, the historian and publicist Leonid Mlechin. At the call of the head of the security, Major General of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Medvedev, soon arrived at the attending physician Yevgeny Chazov, who, according to his memories, barely glanced at the Missek's messenger face, realized that resuscitation was already useless. Chazov, carefully weighing all the circumstances and the consequences, decided to inform about the death of the Secretary General Yuri Andropov, the second person in the party and the state. Andropov, the first of the politicians and came to the place of death, immediately took the personal portfolio of Brezhnev with a digital castle, about which Leonid Ilyich himself told close to him like a compromising of all members of the Politburo.

The death of Brezhnev media reported only in a day, November 11 at 10 am. However, many experienced people in the USSR, and abroad on the day of death of the Secretary General guess that there was something out of the ranks in the country: in all channels of the radio sounded minor classical music, television abolished the broadcast of the festive concert dedicated to the Day of Militia (his They replaced the show of the film about Lenin "a man with a gun"), in the evening of Red Square there was an unusual collision of black government car market cars, which attracted the attention of Western correspondents, who made the first public assumptions in the radio.

Brezhnev is buried on November 15 on Red Square in Moscow at the Kremlin Wall. According to the published certificates, these were the most magnificent and pompous funerals after Stalinist in March 1953, the heads of state and governments were attended by the heads of the world.

Among the arrivals, President Pakistan, General Zia-Ul-Khak, who was actively supporting Afghan Mujahideen in the war against the Soviet troops, who was actively supporting the Soviet troops in the USSR as an unfriendly perceived in the USSR. Taking advantage of an unforeseen case, with Zia-Ul-Hok, we met in the Kremlin Andropov and Gromyko, and these were the first direct negotiations of the Soviet leadership to resolve the conflict in Afghanistan.

Family Brezhnev:

Children L. I. Brezhnev - Galina and Yuri (1942)

Leonid Ilyich was married to Victoria Petrovna Brezhneva (Neborn Denisov, 1907-1995, Narzhenka Belgorod) from December 11, 1927 to his death.

At the end of the school, Victoria Petrovna entered the Kursk Medical Technical School. In 1925, she met the future spouse, Leonid Brezhnev on dancing in the technical school dormitory. At that time, he studied at the third year of the Aredero-Meliorative Technical School, and Victoria - in the first year of the medical colleum. Subsequently, the widow of Brezhnev recalled that at first he invited her girlfriend to the dances, but she responded with refusal, since the young man did not know how to dance, and Victoria agreed. At the end of 1927, Leonid and Victoria got married.

The first child they had a daughter (1929-1998), and in 1933 the son of Yuri was born (died in 2013).

Later from Galina, the granddaughter Victoria Milaev was born, and from her - the greatness of Galina Philippov. Two grandson were born from Yuri, and several great-grandfathers.

Biography and episodes of life Leonid Brezhnev. When born and died Brezhnev, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Quotes politics, Photo and video.

Years of life Leonid Brezhnev:

born December 19, 1906, died on November 10, 1982

Epitaph

Stopped running time
And painfully squeezed the whole soul
Little man left
What are few in the world.

Biography

To this day, judging by sociological surveys, this person is considered the best ruler of Russia, more than half of the respondents positively. Leonid Brezhnev's biography is the history of the working person who has faithfully served as his country.

Brezhnev was born in the village of Kamensky (now the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk) in Ukraine, in the work family. Going in the footsteps of the Father, Leonid graduated from the technical school, and then the Metallurgical Institute, while at the same time working at the factory by the Kochgharoma and Slicer. And almost immediately began to move first on the trade union, and then the party staircase. So, during the Great Patriotic War, Leonid Ilyich worked as a political worker. After the war, further advancement was followed in the political biography of Brezhnev - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CP Moldova, a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, the head of the Supreme Council. He also actively participated in the displacement process from the post of head of state Nikita Khrushchev, after which he took the post of first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Despite the fact that at first it did not see the applicant for this post, Brezhnev was able to prove himself well - formed, discreet, friendly, conservative, executive. At that time, the country needed exactly in such a manager - no leader, but a functioner.

Brezhnev worked as the head of state of 18 years, and the attitude to the Board of Brezhnev is still twofold - they are considered both years of stabilization and stagnation. Thus, a military equilibrium was achieved between the USSR and the United States, a number of important strategic contracts were signed, a national gross income increased, but at the same time there was a failure in the economy and non-promotional growth of bureaucracy. The state of the health of Brezhnev affected the deterioration of the Board, the last few years he had a lot. On November 7, he took a festive parade, and on November 10 he did not. When Brezhnev died, many versions of the death of Brezhnev sounded - from heart disease to leukemia and jaw cancer. Officially, Leonid Brezhnev's death was announced only the next day. Brezhnev's funeral took place on November 15, he was buried at the Kremlin Wall.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev on vacation

Life line

December 19, 1906Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev's date of birth.
December 11, 1927Marriage with Victoria Denisova.
1929Birth of the daughter of Galina.
1933Birth of the son of Yuri.
1937Election of Brezhnev Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Dneprodzerzhinsky City Council.
1939 Secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk regionalist enterprise CP of Ukraine.
1941 CARE TO THE FRONT.
1950Steering party job.
1964 Shift Nikita Khrushchev, election of Brezhnev first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1964-1982 Years of Brezhnev as head of the USSR.
April 8, 1966 Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
1977 Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
November 10, 1982 Date of death Brezhnev.
November 12-15, 1982 Farewell to Brezhnev's body in the house of unions.
November 15, 1982 Funeral Leonid Brezhnev.

Memorial places

1. Bust Leonid Brezhnev in Dneprodzerzhinsk, where the Secretary General was born.
2. House of childhood Brezhnev in Dneprodzerzhinsk.
3. Dneprodzerzhinsky State Technical University (former Dneprodzerzhinsky Metallurgical Institute), where Brezhnev studied.
4. Monument to Brezhnev in Novorossiysk called "Man coming around the city."
5. Memorial board on a house in Dnepropetrovsk, where Brezhnev lived in the late 1940s - early 1950s.

Episodes of life

Contemporaries Brezhnev noted that he was a fairly sentimental and kind person than often his surroundings were used. He often helped familiar and those who appealed to him with a request and was able to swear. It happened that after watching the film, he was so touched by the game of the actor, which immediately offered to reward him with the Order or some honorary title. So, Brezhnev very much loved the film "Seventeen Moments of Spring". While watching the last series, when Stirlitz reports the assignment of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Leonid Ilyich turned to others and asked: "A was presented already? I would like to do it myself. " And after a few days personally presented the Order of Lenin and the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union Tikhonov, being confident that he is - real Stirlitz.

Covenses

"Do not save on people, you need to save people."

"Only a torch of knowledge, the people who mined their freedom can highlight the path to the lucky future."

"Knowledge, human genius becomes in our time the most important source of progress and power of each country."

Leonid Parfenova's film "And Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev"

Sobolesnia

"We took the news of the death of President Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev with deep excitement. The activities of this outstanding state leader, whom we had the honor of knowing more than 22 years, was inscribed by a bright page in the history of the Soviet Union and his relationship with other countries. From myself personally and on behalf of the Moroccan people, we ask to transfer our sincere and deep condolences to the head of the Soviet Union from the life of the Great Man and the leaders of the Soviet Union. "
Hassan II, Morocco king

"The deceased was an outstanding statesman who worked in his life throughout his life in the name of prosperity and happiness of his country and made a significant contribution to the formation of the discharge period in relations between East and West. On behalf of the Turkish nation and self personally, I would like to express my most sincere condolences about this sad loss of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR neighboring us, his government and the people, as well as the family of His Excellency Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. "
Kenya Evren, President of the Republic of Turkish Republic

"The world has lost one of the most prominent political figures, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is an outstanding leader, and the Austrian Republic is a faithful friend."
Bruno Kravsky, Federal Chancellor of the Austrian Republic

"Mr. Brezhnev will remember the Olympic family for his great contribution to the development of sports and our movement, in particular for his support of the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow."
Juan Antonio Samaranch, President IOC

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (6 (19) December 1906, according to other data, December 19, 1906 (January 1, 1907) - November 10, 1982) - Soviet state, political, military and party figure, which occupied senior leadership posts in the Soviet State Hierarchy for 18 years: with 1964 and before his death in 1982.

Born in Kamensky Yekaterinoslav province (now Dneprodzerzhinsk Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine) in the family

Ilya Yakovlevich Brezhnev (1874-1930) and Natalia Denisovna Mazalova (1886-1975). His father and mother were born and before moving to Kamensky lived in with. Brezhnevo (now Kursk district of the Kursk region).

Brother - Brezhnev Yakov Ilyich (1912-1993).

Sister - Brezhnev Vera Ilyinichna (1910-1997).

In various official documents, including the passport, the nationality of L. I. Brezhnev was indicated as a Ukrainian or Russian (see section "Documentation" this article).

In 1915, he was adopted in the classical gymnasium, which he graduated in 1921. Since 1921, he worked on a Kursk eco-worker. In 1923 he joined Komsomol.

He graduated from Kursk Amernel and Meliorative Technical School (1923-1927) and Dneprodzerzhinsky Metallurgical Institute (1935).

In Dneprodzerzhinsk, Leonid Brezhnev lived in a modest two-story, four apartments house number 40 on Pelin Avenue. Now it is called "Lennin House". According to his former neighbors, he loved to drive pigeons with the pigeons with the doves standing in the yard (now the garage in her place). The last time he visited his generic nest in 1979, photographed with his homes for memory.

Wife - Victoria Petrovna Denisova (Brezhnev) (1907-1995), a native of Belgorod.

• On February 9, 1961, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev on the aircraft "IL-18" was serving from Moscow to the Republic of Guinea and an official visit. About 130 km north of Algeria at an altitude of 8250 m suddenly a fighter appeared with French identifiable signs and made three closures in dangerous close distance from the aircraft. During the arrival of the fighter, the fighter opened the shooting on the Soviet aircraft twice with the subsequent crossing of the aircraft. Bugaev's pilot managed to bring out his plane from the shelling zone.

I, too, had to see B. P. Bugayeva for the steering wheel of modern winged cars, and one day to experience his resourcefulness, rare composure and experience of the pilot. It was many years ago. We flew on an official visit to Guinea and Ghana. I then was the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Flight went according to plan, the sky was clean, and suddenly our aircraft was attacked by military aircraft-fighters of colonizers who were clearly not like the visit of the Soviet delegation to the young countries of Africa. It was clear to me how the fighters came to the goal, as they fell on top, they prepared for the attack, began shelling ... It is strange to feel in such a situation: it looks like a war, but everything is different. Because nothing depends on you and the only thing you are able to do is sit quietly in a chair, look into the porthole and do not interfere with the pilots to fulfill your duty. All then solved seconds. And precisely in these seconds, the experienced crew, which was headed by the pilot Boris Bugaev, managed to bring a civil aircraft from the shelling zone. This episode I cite here as a kind of illustration of the fact that in peacetime we are not fenced from all sorts of provocations.

L. I. Brezhnev. Space October. Chapters from the book "Memory"

• The first pre-New Year television appeal to the Soviet people on behalf of the leadership in the USSR for the first time was made by the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev on December 31, 1970. The following year, with congratulations, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Nikolai Podgorny, and a year later, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexey Kosygin. Annual New Year's appeal to the country's leadership to its citizens has become a tradition.
• In 1976, Bust Brezhnev was installed in Dneprodzerzhinsk on the Privokzal Oktyabrskaya Square. From this area down to the Dnieper to the Square at the Dnieper Metallurgical Plant descended the green alley. On the square of the DMCD there was a long monument to Lenin and soon in the people, this alley was called "from Ilyich to Ilyich."
• In 1977, the film "Soldiers of Freedom" was released on the screens, in the last series of which E. Matveyev played the role of the young Colonel Brezhnev.
• Brezhnev is the only one in the history of the existence of the USSR, who possessed five golden stars Hero: one star of the Hero of Socialist Labor and Four Stars Hero of the Soviet Union. Marshal Zhukov had only four stars Hero of the Soviet Union, and the predecessor of Brezhnev N. S. Khrushcheva - three stars of hero of the Socialist Labor and one star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The rest of the heroes in the USSR are the title and the Golden Star more than three times were not handed over.
• Also, Brezhnev is the only victory awarded by the Order, whose awarding was repealed later, as a contrary to the Statute of the Order, which states that to be awarded the Order are eligible for only those who commanded the front and carried out a strategic fracture in any operation, or Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Army, who made a significant contribution to the victory over fascism. Brezhnev, who spent the whole war on management positions in the RKKKI politatop, absolutely no right to this Order did not have, especially in 1978, when the award was held.
• After the death of Leonid Ilyich, from 1982 to 1988, when the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was named Brezhnev, and the neighboring Izhevsk was renamed in memory of the former defense minister Dmitry Ustinov, then there was a bus route Brezhnev - Ustinov.

• Brezhnev loved to play dominoes.
• Brezhnev sick for the CSKA hockey club.
• Brezhnev was sick for the Spartak football club, he was also constantly attended by the Hockey Matches of the Spartak team, held on the ice arena in Luzhniki.
• A lot of jokes and jokes were written about Brezhnev, in different variations.

Some believe that Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was not quite modest, who surrounded his swords was handed over to another golden heroic stars. But how did he relate to this? With humor. He, when he was picked up by another star, usually said: "Here. Has accepted on the chest!" And loved, besides, to say that the appearance of his parade uniforms prophetically predicted Lermontov: "And the star with the star says ..."