Masterpieces Ivan Shishkin: The most famous paintings of the Great Russian landscape player. Shishkin - biography, paintings which paintings wrote Shishkin

In 1832, on January 25, the son of Ivan was born in the city of Elabuga, Vytebskaya province in the family of the merchant Schishkin Ivan. In the Kazan gymnasium, the future artist received his first education.

After 4 years of study, Ivan Shishkinenters the Moscow School of Painting. In 1856, an ending school, he decides to continue his studies in St. Petersburg and enters the Academy of Arts.

During the year of study in the walls of this institution, the artist not only masterfully mastered the academic pattern, but also engaged in painting in the suburb of St. Petersburg.

1860 for Shishkin became a significant acquaintance of an important award - the gold medal of the Academy. He also received rewards, but they did not have such significance.

Traveling, Shishkin visited Munich and in Zurich, where he had the opportunity to do in workshops from famous artists. Thanks to the work of "" the artist awarded the title of academician.

Outside of Russia, Shishkin is perfectly drawing works by the pen, which deserves great attention from foreigners who struck the unprecedented talent of the Russian artist.

Some drawings were placed in the Düsseldorf Museum, where they were placed in the world with the works of famous artists in Europe.

In 1864, the painter Shishkin returns back to Russia, because Outside the Motherland, he was not possible to write a Russian landscape. He travels a lot in the native country in search of picturesque places.

The artist dedicated a fairly large number of his works to a pine forest, among which the most famous are considered - "Pine forest ", "Morning in Pine Bor" , "" , "Creek in the forest".

His paintings were presented at exhibitions, as well as in the mobile exhibition partnership. In 1873, Shishkin at the Academy of Arts receives the title of professor, and a short time engaged in the training workshop.

Ivan Shishkin marries Ivan Shishkin in 1977, an artist Olga Antonova-Lagoda becomes his wife. Their house is often visited by his colleagues and friends.

The brightest canvas Shishkin "" It was created in 1889. This picture is permeated by the morning of the forest, the forest wilderness is notaconed by man. The popularity of this picture is still unchanged, that is why there are no equal to this artwork.

The final work of the artist is the canvas "" created by him in 1898. This picture demonstrates the talent and skill in his entire life by the artist.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin13 (25) January 1832 was born in Elabuga - a small provincial town located on the banks of Kama. Here, the future painter held children's and youthful years.

Father's figure was very meaningful to Ivan Shishkin. The father himself was a merchant, not at all rich, traded grain from the rented mill. In addition, he was fond of archaeology, history. They were written by the book "History of the city of Elabugi", a system of local water supply was developed and implemented. Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin restored the ancient tower located in the suburbs located in the suburbs. It is also known about his participation in the excavations of the famous Ananievsky grain. He taught all these knowledge to his son, developed his interest in nature. Ivan from early childhood did not part with coal and chalk, diligently decorating the walls and the doors with intricate figures, cut out, like the Father, on a tree.

For several years, Shishkin studied in the Kazan gymnasium, but it was not necessary, he returned home, began to draw pain again, reading. He was very strongly attracted by the forest, Shishkin could walk in the forest for a long time, in his surroundings, studying his features. Thus went around 4 years old, Shishkin, having received the resolution of his father, leaving to Moscow.

Since 1852, Shishkin has become a student of the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. Immediately, he falls to the exhibition of Caucasian mountain species L.F. Belaruso and Marin I.K. Ayvazovsky, among whom was the famous "ninth shaft". This exhibition only strengthened the save of Shishkin to the landscape.

At that time, the principles of the Venetsian pedagogical system were widely used with the installation on a careful study of nature. Shishkin, being quiet, shy, turned out to be in the class of professor of portrait painting A.N. Mokritsky, fan K. Brullova. Having determined the great abilities of Shishkin, Mokritsky managed to send it along the right path, encouraged in it interest in nature, passion to the scenery.

Shishkin draws a lot from nature in Moscow and Moscow region, copies Western European masters.

After graduating from the school in 1856, Shishkin enters the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Here he also entered the circle of democratically tuned young people. Art was recognized not only by means of knowing the world, but also a serious factor in his reorganization. Under the influence of these ideas was formed the worldview of Shishkin. Subsequently, the artist managed to clearly express them in his work.

Shishkin's chief teacher has always been nature. In Etudes ("Stones in the forest. Valaam") he loves and amazingly masterfully for a novice artist transmits the ancient boulders, fern leaves.

Shishkin was a born handselter, with a line, to an open stroke. The drawing from the very beginning has become an important means of studying nature for him. Success in the picture brought Shishkin in 1857 one of the first academic awards is a silver medal. His works were executed by such professional skills that the Academic Council decided to make them a model for students.

The Academy of Shishkin graduated in 1860 with the highest award - a large gold medal and the right for three years of trips abroad. But the artist is not in a hurry to travel, but goes to his native elabuga, and only in April 1862 leaves abroad. Even there Ivan Shishkin did not forget about the native country. Letters of friends who reported on occurring events strengthened the desire to return, besides, and the author did not satisfy the work performed in Germany and Switzerland. His landscapes, marked by the outeromantic traits - the figures in the fall of the village, herd on pastures, were obvious traces of academic school. It was possible to create the same national landscape in Russia, where Shishkin and returned in 1865. He has already accompanied fame. Pictures of pen, masterfully sponed with the smallest, beaded strokes, with a filigree decoration of details, hit the audience. Two such drawings were acquired by Düsseldorf Museum, and the picture "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf" brought the artist the title of Academician.

With the arrival of the homeland in Shishkin, as if new forces were settled. It gets closer to the members of Artel, around which representatives of the progressive creative intelligentsia were grouped, participating in meetings about the role of art, the rights of the artist. Ivan Shishkin has always been surrounded by comrades. I.E.Pepin spoke about him like this: " The voice of I.I. Chishkina was louder: like a green mighty forest, he hit everyone with his health, a good appetite and a true Russian speech ... The public, having been, Ahala for his back, when he mighty paws Lyubov and Corywood from work The fingers begins to stare and rub his brilliant pattern, and the drawing, exactly a miracle or magic, from such a gross appeal of the author is all graceful and brilliant."

The works of Shishkin, created in the late 60s, marvel a new stage in a creative wizard.

To seek ultimate similarity with kind, the artist at first carefully discharges every detail, and it interferes with the integrity of the image. An example of such works is the painting "Forest Cutting". In the 60s, Shishkin finally overcomes the abstractness of the landscape characteristic of the academic school. The best work of these years is "noon. In the vicinity of Moscow." The advantage of this bright in color, filled with the joyful-peaceful mood of the picture not only in the skill of the transmission of space, but primarily the fact that created by the bishic landscape is truly Russian in its nature.

In 1870, Shishkin joined the founders of the largest association of masters of the realistic direction - the partnership of mobile art exhibitions. To the end of his life, Shishkin remained one of the most active and faithful members of the partnership.

On the second mobile exhibition Shishkin presented a picture of "Sosnovy Bor" (1872), which was a new step in the creative development of the Master. The artist managed to create an image of a mighty, the magnificent Russian forest.

Creativity Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was a step towards the knowledge and reflection of the surrounding world, according to the expression of Kramsky, was a "live school" work with kind.

In the 70s, most of the works of Shishkin dedicated to the coniferous forest: "Forest Wilderness", "Chernolesie", "Spruce Forest". Shishkin attracts extensive forest arrays. The best scenery of that time is filled with a magnificent solemnity.

In the 70s. The artist seeks a greater generalization of the forms, the integrity of coloristic solutions. At the same time, he is very close enough with Kramsky. Friendship with this person, ideological leader of the partnership, theorist and the subtle critone of art, played a special role in the creative development of Shishkin. There was no other person who would have probably noticed his mistakes and helped them overcome. Often they lived together in the country where they worked fruitfully.

The great importance of Ivan Shishkin attached to etudes. For him, the creation of an etude was truly a creative process based on prolonged observations and thoughts. He took a big role to the drawing and almost did not part with the film. Admiring acute observation and confidence with which Shishkin wrote etudes, Kramskaya told: "... When he is before in kind, then for sure in his element: here he also bold and cleft, not thinking."

The main form of expression of the worried shishkina ideas was always the picture, with the greatest fullness, he revealed in it inspired his ideas. An example of this can be the work of "rye".

At this time, Shishkin is in the Zenith of Glory, but new wonderful accomplishments were waiting for him ahead. 80-90s. - A period of high heyday of the landscape talent. The "Debrist" canvases, Pine Forest, "Burney" are close to the works of the previous decade, but are interpreted with greater picturesque freedom.

In the 80s. Shishkin with passion continues to work on landscapes that chant the expanses of the native land. "Among the Rusty Valley" is one of its best paintings - built on opposing the boundless plain and lonely mighty oak, as if soaring her.

In the last decade of life, the artist perceives nature more penetrating, subtle, increases the role of light in his paintings. In the 90s. Organized two exhibitions of the artist's works. The first in 1891 was retrospective: over five hundred etudes revealed the artist's creative laboratory, his search. At another exhibition in 1893, works performed during the last summer were demonstrated. They testified about the variety of designs, about the exceptional disorders of the eyes and the high skill of the sixty-year-old landscape player.

In 1895, Shishkin comes out the fourth album of the etchings. It was a substantial event in the russian life of the country. The album included 60 sheets - all the best works.

The brilliant outcome of the almost half-century path of the artist in the domestic art was the picture "Ship Grove" (1898). It can be considered classical at the completeness, completeness of the artistic image, monumentality of sound. The work was based on etudes made in Elabuga. The role of Ivan Shishkin in Russian art remained as significant and in those years when many magnificent works of I.levitan, V.Serova, K. Korovina appeared in the landscape painting.

Death to the artist came unexpectedly. Ivan Ivanovich died at Easel 8 (20) of March 1898, working on the painting "Forest Kingdom". After herself he left a huge artistic heritage.

Ivan Ivanovich was born in January, 25 numbers (either the 13th old style), in 1832. Native land for him became the city of Elabuga, who was in the Vyatka province. The painter took place from the ancient Vyatka kind of Shishkina. The father of Shishkin was the merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin.

In 12 years, Ivan Ivanovich was determined in students of the first Kazan gymnasium. However, he studied in it to grade 5, made a decision and left the gymnasium. Instead, he entered the Moscow School of Architecture, painting and science. After graduating from studying in this institution, he continued to study at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg: he was a student of Vorobyeva S.M. Classes at the Academy did not satisfy Shishkin, so he stubbornly wrote etudes and painted on the island of Valaam and in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. Thanks to such classes, he was increasingly penetrated with the acquaintance with local forms, it was all better to pass it with a brush and pencil. In the very first year of study at the Academy Ivan Ivanovich, 2 small silver medals were already awarded for an excellent drawing, in which he handed over the scenery of the surroundings of St. Petersburg. 1858 brings the artist a large silver medal through a view of Valaam. In 1859, Shishkin was awarded a little gold medal for a drawing with a landscape of St. Petersburg. And in 1860, for the type of locality Kukko, Ivan receives a large gold medal.

Together with the last award, Shishkin also gets the opportunity with the help of which he can go abroad as a pensioner of the Academy. And here, in 1861 the painter goes to Munich. There he visited the workshops of great artists (such as Franz and Benno Adamov, who enjoyed very popular with animalists). In 1863, Ivan moved to Zurich. Here he is under the leadership of a collera, which at the time was considered almost the best of the pictorial animals, wrote from those animals of nature, sought them. It was in Zurich a landscape for the first time I tried the engraving "royal vodka". After Zurich, the next goal of Ivan became Geneva, where he familiarized himself with the works of Kalam and Did. From Geneva Shishkin went to Dusseldorf. Here, by order N. Bykov, he wrote a picture called "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf". In the future, this very picture was sent to Petersburg. And it was with the help of her Shishkin received the title of academician. However, not only painting was engaged in Ivan Ivanovich abroad, he also drawn and feather. His works of this kind have given foreigners in great surprise. In addition, several such works were placed next to the drawings of Europe's leading masters in Dusseldorf Museum.

Ivan Ivanovich missed the Fatherland, so in 1866 he early, until the expiration returns to St. Petersburg. From this time, he often travels in Russia with an artistic purpose, almost annually puts on the show of the work at the Academy. After the establishment of the exhibition partnership at such exhibitions did drawings with pen. In 1870, Shishkin enters the circle of aquaphors and engraves "tsarist vodka" again. With this art since then the painter does not neglect and takes exactly the same time as other types of its activities. Ivan's work every year fastened the reputation of an unmatched aquafortist and in general one of the best painters of our country. At the disposal of Shishkin was a manor in the village of Express (now - Leningrad Region, Gatchina District). 1873 became very important for the artist - "Forest Wilderness" was advised by the Academy to award Shishkina the title of professor. After the adoption of a new academic charter, Shishkin in 1892 invited the landscape workshop as the head, but this position did not lie on his shoulders for a long time. Ivan Ivanovich died in March 1898, sitting at his easel and working on a new product.

Recall today creativity Ivan Shishkin

"School", "a verst post in the development of the Russian landscape" - so wrote about Shishkin contemporaries. I suggest that day to remember our, no doubt, the national heritage, to see the paintings again, read the old photos about this and extract old photos.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 25 (13th old style) of 1832 in Elabuga (Vyatka province) in a poor merchant family. His father, Ivan Vasilyevich, rented a mill and traded the grain, but in addition to this was passionate about the history and archaeology, developed and embodied the water supply system in Elabuga, wrote leadership and books, renovated the old tower of the city for his money.

Father Shishkin, Ivan Vasilyevich. Portrait of V.P. Vereshchagin

It was his father who encouraged the development of a creative alkali in his son - praised for success in drawing, together with him he was carved on a tree, and eventually sent to study in the Moscow School of Painting, Drainies and Architecture, where the young Ivan came to the class of Professor Portrait Painting A.N. Mokritsky, who noticed the talent of a landscape driver from a young man, and helped him develop in the right direction, which later Sishkin recalled with gratitude.

I.I. Shishkin, self portrait, 1854

During his studies, Shishkin occupied the question of why the Italian or Swiss landscapes were so fascinated by the color and juice (including in the execution of our artists), unless it is impossible to achieve the same, drawing native expanses. And this "nationality" turned out to be more relevant "here and now": at the same time and other artists increasingly began to turn to the whole Russian, the writers did not lag behind. Yes, and realism began to appreciate and enjoy success.

View of the island of Valaam, 1858

Shishkin worked on his paintings with such a zeal that sometimes it seems that every bladeing and every leaf is not left to them, and often with such accuracy that it could be used as an illustration in the botanical atlas.

Young waln threshold, 1870

Lopuhi, 1878.

Of course, there were those who say that emotions are lost behind such thoroughness, called him "photograph" and "copyist", but the time puts everything in its place: many people do not know the name of Shishkin, even by our immense far from art? Are there anyone those who do not know the author of the "the most painting with the bears" or "of that field with rye"? Shishkin landscapes have long ceased to be just a phenomenon in art, they are inextricably linked with Russian nature, they - as if she herself.

In front of a thunderstorm, 1884

Chalash, 1861.

Autumn forest, 1876

Landscape with lake, 1886

In the north wild ..., 1891

Misty morning, 1885

Kama near Elabugi, 1895

Road in rye, 1866

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is deservedly called an excellent draftsman. He did not part with a pencil, and everywhere did an outline of everything that it seemed interesting to him, whether it was a broken tree branch, clouds or dried leaf.

Landscape with carts, beginning 1870s

Creek in the forest

In the summer in the field (shepherd with a herd), the beginning of 1860s

Forest River, 1893

Trees in the field. Bratseno, 1866.

Village, 1874.

Letter Shishkin parents with sketch, 1858

By the way, he received his first awards for the drawing, being a student of the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he did, finishing the school. His successes were repeatedly celebrated by medals, and at the end, along with the Big Golden Medal, Shishkin was awarded a three-year travel abroad. True, he left only 2 years later, he was where native places occupied more, and he spent time in an embrace with the road album, making sketches from nature.

View of Elabugi, 1861

Abroad, he worked in Germany, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.

I.I. Shishkin in Dusseldorf, photo, 1864/65

Despite all European beauties, he pulled him home, he wanted to write Russian nature. Although, it should be noted, in this journey they created a picture "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf", for which he was assigned the title of academician.

View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf, 1865

Dresden. Bridge Augustus, 1862

Beech forest in Switzerland, 1863

Swiss landscape, 1866

Upon return, he travels in Russia, and becomes a member of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions along with Repin, Kramsky, Vasnetsov, Surikov and others. At this time, Shishkin finally formed a recognizable style, in which there is no place of romanticization, but there is the beauty of nature in itself, and at the end of the 60s he writes one of his most famous works - "noon in the vicinity of Moscow."

Noon in the vicinity of Moscow, 1869

The artist insanely loves the forest, regularly leaving his debrals from the very early morning, and without tired working on the etudes and sketches. It should be noted that there is always a majestic forest in his paintings, and even a solemn.

Forest Stoutine, 1892

Pine Bor, 1895

Winter in the forest (France), 1877

Birch grove, 1878

Oak Grove, 1887

Meadow on the edge of the forest. Siverskaya, 1887.

Chopping Forest Forest, 1895

I.I. Chishkin with peasants, photography, 1890

Often in the pictures of Shishkin in nature, truly epic power, and do not often appear people or animals. It is not interesting and the fact that the bears on the canvas "Morning in the Pine Forest" (1889) wrote not Shishkin, and his friend, the artist Konstantin Savitsky, whose signature from the picture was removed by her by the Pavle Tretyakov.

Morning in a pine forest, 1889

A lot of shishkina and works on which it is focused on the scale, the spacious, the power of nature, but, on the contrary, on something small, on the individual components - weed herbs, fern, the tops of the pines, etc.

Tops of pines, 1890s

Flowers at the fence, mid 1880s

Snow-grass. Pargolovo, 1884.

Hesterns, 1892.

In 1873, writing his next picture - "Forest Wilderness", at the age of 41, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin received the title of professor at the Academy of Arts.

Forest wilderness, 1872

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was a very fruitful artist, they say about such "worked, not to give up hands."

I.I. Shishkin at work on the picture "Mordavin oaks", photography, 1891

Ivan Kramskaya. Portrait I. I. Shishkin. 1873.

On one sketch of Shishkin wrote: "Razdly, space, land, rye, God's grace, Russian wealth." And, probably, something similar swears in the head of the majority, looking at his famous painting "Rye" (1878).

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was married twice. Evgenia Aleksandrovna Vasilyeva, the sister of another talented Russian landscapeist Fedor Vasilyeva, who was met with her, who immediately fell in love with her, was to fall in love with her. Three children were born in this marriage, but both sons died still at a young age, and their mother was survived. Shishkin hardly tolerated loss, and only after 7 years he married the second time. His second spouse became an artist Olga Antonovna Lagoda, who died a month and a half after the birth of their daughter. Until the end of the life of Shishkin about his two daughters and his sister Olga Victoria cares about him.