Presentation in English Famous UK Museums. Presentation on the topic "British Museum"
Slide 2.
History
The British Museum was created in 1753 on the basis of three collections - Collections of the famous British doctor and Naturalist Hans Slone, Collections of Count Robert Harley, as well as the library of Antiquary Robert Cotton, which became the basis of the British Library. The creation of the museum was approved by the act of the British Parliament.
Slide 3.
In the first half of the 20th century, the British Museum expanded its meetings of Middle East art due to the British archaeologists of numerous excavations in Mesopotamia. The Far Eastern Art section is the most valuable part of its assembly, A. Stein and P. David. Since 1926, the British Museum publishes the quarterly magazine "British Museum Quarterly". At the end of the 20th century, redevelopment of the internal space on the project of Norman Foster was carried out.
Slide 4.
Initially, one of the main treasures of the museum was his library, the largest in the UK. The reading room of the British Museum was placed since the 1850s in a separate Rotunde Building, where Karl Marx and V. I. Lenin worked. In the 20th century, the oldest printed books and Buddhist manuscripts were received from Dunhuana, the Sinai Code from Leningrad and the exclusive collection of hebraniste texts. In 1972, the British Parliament decided to separate the library from the museum, placing it in a separate building. So British Library was born. Library
Slide 5.
Masterpieces
Rosett stone The museum was originally conceived as a collection of antiquities of ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Together with the archaeological finds and objects of art, which were overlooked to London from all over the colonial agents of the British Empire, the museum was replenished with drawings, engravings, medals, coins and books of various eras.
Slide 6.
Pearls Meetings Standard of War and Peace from the Sumerian city of Ur One of the urvy harp and the board game of the urine king "Baran in more often" - paired statuettes of 4500-year-old presism Prism Sinahheriba, Cylinder Nakonida and Cyliner Kira Cup from Ringlemir Pellerina from Molde Man from Lindow Plateca from Windaganda casket Franks Warring materials in Sutton-Hu Chess from Lewis Island Golden Cup Charles V Reliquary for a thorns crown numerous Anglo-Saxon treasures
Museums of London
Presentation prepared
Tanyan Lidia Ivanovna
english teacher
Museums of London
There Are A Lot of Various Museums in London.
They Tell The Story of London and Its People.
In You Can See 44 Massive Columns and The Reading Room of the British Library. ALSO IT IS CONTAINING BRITAIN'S MOST IMPORTANT COLLECTION OF ANCIENT ART, WRITINGS, COINS, DRAWINGS. The British Museum Was Opened in 1753. The Museum Regularly Organizes EXhibitions in Special Halls.
Only in London Will You Have the Chance to Visit The fictitious Address of Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson .
THE SCIENCE MUSEUM IS A FAMOUS MUSEUM IN SW LONDON, HOUSING COLLECTIONS THAT ILLUSTRATE THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRY, WITH MANY WORKING MODELS.
THE VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM IS A FAMOUS MUSEUM IN SOUTH CENTRAL LONDON.IT IS NAMED After Queen Victoria and Her Husband. IT WAS Opened in 1851.
IN ONE OF THE HALLS OF tHE VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM You can see Collections of Sculpture, Watercolours, Miniatures and a Large Library.
The National Gallery. IS An Art Gallery in Trafalgar Square, Which Contains The Largest Permanent Collection of Western Paintings in Britain, Most of Which Were Painted Between 1200 and 1900. It Was Opened in 1824.
The Tate Gallery. IS One of London's Best Known Art Galleries, Opened in 1897. It CONTAINS A UNIQUE Collection of British Paintings from the 16 Th Century to the present day, As Well As Modern Foreign Paintings and Sculpture.The Gallery Also Regularly Hold Special Exhibitions.
THE MUSEUM OF MADAM TUSSAUD'S IS A FAMOUS WAXWORKS MUSEUM IN LONDON, OPENED IN 1835 by Marie Tussaud (1760-1850) .it Contains Wax Figures of Famous Characters in Both History and Contemporary Life.
THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM IS A MUSEUM IN LONDON WHICH IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC.IT HAS 68 MILLION SPECIMENS OF ANIMALS, PLANTS AND MINERALS. IT IS Famous for Its Collection of the Bones of Dinosaurs. IT Was Opened in 1881.
The Museum of London IS A Museum of London from Prehistoric Times to The Present Day, Opened in 1976.
THE LONDON TRANSPORT MUSEUM Contains a Large Collection of Buses, Trams and Carriages of Tube. IT IS VERY POPULAR FOR CHILDREN.
Right Bank (Rive Droite) and Left Bank (Rive Gauche) - Defined by The Flow of the Seine, From East to West. The Eiffel Tower And The Latin Quarter Are Rive Gauche. The Louvre and the Arc De Triomphe Are Rive Droite. The Mus? E de Cluny Is Built On Top Of A Roman Villa and You Can Visit The Roman Bath-House! IT IS THE MEDIEVAL MUSEUM FOR FRANCE. The Concergerie Was The Prison for Those Destined to Be Guillotined. IT HOUSED KING LOUIS XVI AND QUEEN MARIE ANTOINETTE AND THEIR CHILDREN. You can Visit The Cells. The Catacombs Are The Spooky Tour, with Millions of Tastefully Arranged Skeletons in a Hundred Kilometres of Subterranean Passages - Don't Get Lost! Entry IS Near Metro Denfert Rochereau. The Sewers - Made Famous by Hugo in His Book, Les Miserables - Are A Fine Working Example Of 19th Century Infrastructure. Entry Is From A Quai On The River Seine Near Les Invalides. Catelet Near The Hotel De Ville Is The World's Largest Metro Station Covering Twelve Levels.
The British Museum is the main Museum of Great Britain and one of the largest museums in the world. Founded in 1753, opened in 1759. The magnificent museum building stylized under Greco-Roman classicism was built in 24 years by architect Robert Mozc. It was originally opened as a collection of antiquities from the countries of the Ancient East (ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Assiya), but at the moment there are also many drawings, engravings, medals, coins and books related to the most distinct epochs, including antiquity, Middle Ages and Renaissance Epoch. The library of the British Museum is over 7 million printed books, about 105 thousand manuscripts, about 100 thousand charters and literacy, over 3 thousand papyrus. Entrance to the British Museum is free. Funny curios: in the Museum state there are six cats working in rats. Since 1926, the British Museum publishes the quarterly magazine "British Museum Quarterly".
The British Museum in Bloomsbury (London) was created in 1753 on the basis of three collections - the collections of the famous British doctor and Naturalist Hans Slone, the collections of the State Worker and the Graph of Osford Robert Harley, as well as the library of Antiquary Robert Cotton. Sir Hans Sloane Robert Harley Sir Robert Cotton. Base
The museum contains 10 sections, including prehistoric - Egyptian - Greek - Roman-British - Medieval - Renaissance - East - Numismatic section Numismatics includes coins and medals of various countries and epochs, including the ancient Greek, Ancient Roman and Persian, etc. , as well as the royal collection of King George IV.
The extensive ethnographic collections of the British Museum contain monuments of culture of the peoples of Africa, America, Oceania, and others. Zoological, Botanical, Geological and mineralogical sections were translated in 1882 to the branch - Museum of natural science in South Kensington.
Many of the museum acquisitions (as, for example, Rosett Stone) fell into England in dark circumstances. Greece and Egypt, of which ancient monuments were taken, still demand their return back. In the XIX century, the British Museum experienced a particularly stormy period of growth. The meeting was divided into departments and is fully classified. In the first half of the 20th century, the museum expanded its meetings of Middle Eastern art due to the British archaeologists of numerous excavations in Mesopotamia.
British library (The British Library) Initially, one of the main treasures of the museum was his library, the largest in the UK. It originated in 1753. Based on the Book Assembly of Sir Hans Slone, in which the Anglo-Saxon and Latin medieval manuscripts acquired by Robert Cotton and Robert Garley. King George II supported the undertaking and presented as a gift to the Museum of the Royal Library, and with it and the right of the mandatory instance of all books overlooking the UK. The reading room of the British Museum was placed from the 1850s in a separate Rotunde Building, where Karl Marx and V. I. Lenin worked. In the 20th century, the oldest printed books and Buddhist manuscripts were received from Dunhuana, the Sinai Code from Leningrad and the exclusive collection of hebraniste texts. In 1972, the British Parliament decided to separate the library from the museum, placing it in a separate building. So British Library was born.
Sinai Bible Code List of the Bible in Greek, with incomplete text of the Old Testament and the full text of the New Testament. Currently, it is considered ancient uncial parchment manuscript of the Bible. Along with other oldest manuscripts, the Sinai Code is used by textologists for constructive or consolidated criticism in order to restore the initial Greek text of the Bible. The Code was discovered by the German scientist Konstantin von Tyschendorf in 1844 in the Sinai Monastery. The Sinai Code, along with the most ancient papyrus, as well as the Alexandrian, Vatican and some other ancient codes, is one of the most valuable sources that allow the textologists to recreate the original text of the New Testament books.
Ancient Egypt and Nubia - Rosett Stone - the largest collection of mummies and sarcophags outside of Cairo - Giant stone sculptures of the Egyptian pharaohs (including "Junior Memnon" from Ramesseum) - Obelisk Pharaoh Netaneba II - a piece of the Great Sphinx Beard - ABidos List of Pharaohs - 95 of 382 Tablets of the Amann archive - Mathematical Papyrus Akhmes. Pearls Meetings:
The plate from the grandiorita found in 1799 in Egypt near the small town of Rosette (now Rashid), not far from Alexandria, with three identical texts identical on it, including two in the ancient Egyptian language - by the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and Egyptian demotic letters, and One in ancient Greek. Rosett stone (ROSETTA STONE) The text of the stone is a thanksgiving inscription, which in 196 BC. e. Egyptian priests addressed Ptolemy V Epifan, the next monarch from the Ptolemyev dynasty. Stone is a fragment of a large stele. With subsequent search, no additional fragments were found. Due to damage, none of the three texts is absolutely complete. Greek text contains 54 lines, of which the first 27 are preserved in full, and the rest are partially lost due to a diagonal digester in the lower right corner of the stone.
The ABidos list was found in the area wearing the name of Arabat El Madfun, on the left bank of the Nile by the French General Consul Milio. Here in the ancient temple of the city of Abtos (Abidos), Ramses II drawn the inscription in which he rejoints honors his ancestors. All the names of the ancestors were up to fifty, but of them preserved no more than thirty; Ramsesa himself counted twenty-eight repetitions. This list is a sample of the entire row of Ramses, made arbitrarily or for any reasons, we are not affordable; The beginning of this table has not been preserved. Postering the ancestors of Ramsesa, the list passes suddenly from the pharaohs of the XVIII dynasty to the king of the XII dynasty, as if tying these dynasties. Then the list contains 14 more ancient pharaohs. The Abidos table helped the Shampolon to place the pharaohs of the XVIII dynasty and later served as a lepsius benefit to identify the kings with the names Amenheth and Senuserte with the kings of the XII Manephon dynasty. The Abidos table was thoroughly disassembled by the scientists of Deviria and Ruzhuge. List, pursing the names of the pharaohs, from the Ramses II temple.
Papirus Akhmes is an ancient Egyptian training guide on arithmetic and geometry of the period of the middle kingdom, rewritten OK. 1650 BC e. Pusk named Ahmes on a scroll of a papyrus 5, 25 m long and 33 cm wide. Papyrus includes conditions and solutions of 84 tasks and is the most complete Egyptian taskman that has come to this day. Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, located in the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, is inferior to Papyrus Akhmes at full sound (it consists of 25 tasks), but surpasses it by age. It was established that the original from which the Papyrus Akhmes was rewritten, refers to the second half of the XIX century BC. e. ; The name of his author is unknown. Separate researchers suggest that it could be compiled on the basis of an even more ancient text of the III millennium BC. e.
AMARNAYA Archive Tel El-Amarya Archive - Collection of correspondence on clay signs, mainly diplomatic, between the Government of Ancient Egypt and its representatives in Canaan and Amurre in the days of the new kingdom. Correspondence was discovered in Amarne (the current name of the capital, founded by Pharaoh Ehnaton in Upper Egypt). Among the writing systems, Akkadian clinies prevail, although it is rather a letter of ancient Mesopotamia, not ancient Egypt. To date, 382 signs are known. The Amarn Correspondence was prepared mainly in Akkada, who served in the times of the new kingdom of the language of international communication in the Middle East. The archive was discovered by local residents in 1887. Finds were secretly rendered and implemented by antiqua. The first archaeologist who has taken a systematic study of the place of detection of correspondence was William Flinders Petries in 1891-1892. Under his leadership, 21 correspondence fragments were discovered. Emil Shassin, who headed the French Institute of Eastern Archeology in Cairo, found 2 more signs in 1903.
The Ancient East is the largest meeting of the antiquities of the interfluve outside Iraq: - the Standard of War and Peace from the Sumerian city of the UR - one of the urvic harp and the board game of the urvo king - "Barnes in more often" - paired statuettes 4500 years ago - Sinaiheriba Prism, Cylinder Prism and Cylinder Kira - a collection of bas-reliefs from Nyneuda, Ninevei, District Cherryukina - the clini archive of Ashurbanapal, including a clay plate with a description of the Flood - Black Obelisk Salmanasar III - Oxus treasure from the territory of modern Afghanistan - Balavat Gate Salmanasar III
Standard of war and world - a pair of inlaid decorative panels, found by the expedition of Leonard Wolly during the excavations of the Sumerian city of the UR. On each of the plates on a lazurite background in three rows, scene pearl plates are lined with pearl plates. Artifact dates back to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. e. Dimensions 21, 59 per 49, 53 cm. Standard of war and the world "War" "World"
Prism Sinaiherib Hexagonal clay prism, found among the Ruins Ninevia, the capital of Assyria. Height - 38 cm, width - 14 cm. Created during the Board of the Assyrian Tsar Sennakhiriba. Dated 691 g. e. Kira Manifesto Cylinder Kira is a clay cylinder, on which Kir great commanded to knock down the list of his victories and merciful actions, as well as the transfer of ancestors. The artifact was discovered during the excavations of Babylon in 1879 and entered the British Museum. The cylinder was widely known after the last Shah Iran in the 1960s proclaimed the text of the first in the history of the Human Rights Declaration: Cyrus is expressed by the abolition of slavery and for freedom of religion. Shah promised to build its policies in accordance with the covenants of the founder of Persian statehood.
Black Obelisk Salmanasar III Black Obelisk - Obelisk Height of 198 cm, extruded from black limestone by order of the Assyrian Tsar Salmanasar III and established in Niruda OK. 825 BC e.
Oxus treasure collection of 170 gold and silver objects dating from the reign of the achemenide (from 550 and 200 g. BC), found in 1877 on the ruins of an ancient settlement on the banks of the Amudarya River (OX) on the territory of modern Tajikistan (ancient Bactria). Stored in the British Museum. Contains 1300 coins, vessels, figurines, bracelets, medallions, plaque, magnificent gems. The products of Amaryinskinsky are reflected by the traditions of Ahemedid art, as well as local Greco-Bactrian art and Scythian "animal style".
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome - Marble Elgin from Athens Acropolis - One of the six Caryatid of Erehechteion - fragments of the church of the temple of Nicky Apollo - the sculptural frieze of the Apollo Temple in Bassakh - Fragments of the Galicarnas Mausoleum: Statues of Malcol and Artemisia, Fries with the image of Amazonacia - Monument Neremid from Xanph - Materials of the Knos Palace Excavation - Collected Townli Antiquities from Villa Adrian, including Discolobol - Warren Cup, Likurgov Cup and Portland Vase
The unsurpassed collection of ancient Greek art, mainly from the Athenian Acropolis, which was brought to England at the beginning of the XIX century by Lord Eldzhin and is now kept in the British Museum. Lord Eldin, being a British ambassador in Constantinople during Napoleonic Wars, after long negotiations with the Turkish government began to collect fragments of ancient Greek art (mainly plastic). Elina Marbles The Turkish government, which did not show interest in the masterpieces of antiquity, allowed the export of all the collected Eldzhin to London. It took 10 years left - from 1802 to 1812, and part of the cargo in 1804 sank at the island of Khifer, but subsequently was raised to the surface. In 1806, Eldin returned to his homeland, and for 10 years the meeting remained his private property, after which it was redeemed by the state and placed in the British Museum.
The church of Nicky Aptereros (that is, the obscure victory) ancient Greek temple on the Athenian Acropolis, which is south-west. Built by Kallikrata in 427-421 BC. e. According to the project 450 BC. e. The temple is dedicated to Athena-Nika. The construction is amphiprostil with two ionic portico for four columns. Stylobate has three steps. At the continuous ionic frieze, the episodes of Greco-Persian wars and gods - Athena, Poseidon and Zeus were depicted. The temple is made of marble. Inside the statue of Athens, holding a helmet in one hand, in the other - a grenade - a symbol of a victorious world.
The statue of Malsol Malsol is actually independent of the Achhemenide ruler (satrap and king) of Karia in 377-153. BC e. He took part in the uprising of the Satrapses of Malaya Asia against Artaxerxa II, but on time came out of the struggle to avoid defeat. He moved the capital of Karia from ancient Milas to coastal Galicarnas, thereby stressing his intention to expand the limits of possessions at the expense of the nearby Greek islands. He managed to subjugate part of Likia and some Greek cities of Ionia. In order to extend its influence on Rhodes and Kos, he supported the islanders in the Allied War with Athens. The worship of MAVSOL in front of the Allenian culture allows him to consider it the most important forerunner of Hellenism. With his courtyard, Greek arts and science flourished. His sister and spouse Artemisia III appointed a reward to someone who will compose the best commendant word in honor of Mahasol. In the composition of this epitaph, Navkrat, Isocrat, Theodet and FEOPOMP took part; won the last. The same Artemisia lined up in honor of her husband in Galicarnasse magnificent MAVSOLY, a tombstone monument, ranked in the wonders of the ancient world.
The Likurg Cup is the only dieteter from the time of antiquity with a figured pattern. It is a glass vessel of 165 mm in height and 132 mm in diameter, presumably Alexandrian work of the IV century n. e. Exposed in the British Museum. The uniqueness of the Cup consists in the ability to change the color from the green to red, depending on the lighting. This effect is explained by the presence in glass of the smallest particles of colloidal gold and silver (approximately 70 nanometers) in the ratio of three to seven. The rim made of gilded bronze and the leg of the vessel is the later introducing the epoch of the early amp. Portland vase When an attempt was made to make her exact similarity in the 19th century, the work (for which a bonus of 1000 pounds was relying) was so time that art historians came to the conclusion: no less than two years should have taken to create the original. Attention is drawn to the high-class technique cutting on the glass - evidence of an outstanding glasses of glass cutter. The figures created by him are difficult to interpretation, based on our knowledge of the ancient Roman mythology. One of the groups for a long time was described as a peel and fetis, the other - as a prophetic dream of Hugeba about the destruction of the Troy, but there are other, no less plausible interpretations. Portland Vase is an exceptional work of the Hellenistic era.
United Kingdom and Continental Europe - Cup from Ringlemir - Pellerina from Molda - Man from Lindow - Plates from Windagrand - Franksse cassette - Satton-Hu - Chess Materials from Lewis Island - Golden Cup Charles V - Reliquarian for the Tern Crown - Numerous Anglo Saxon Vlasts
Ringlemir Cup Corrugated Golden Vessel of the Bronze Century Age, found in the Kurgan on the Ringlemir Farm territory near Sandwich in the British County of Kent in 2001. The author of Nakhodka is an archaeologist-lover of Cliff Bradshow, which investigated a terrain with a metal detector. Although the Cup was badly damaged as a result of a plow strike, it is clear that its initial height was 14 cm. The cup resembles ceramic cups of the late neolithic culture of cord ceramics, however refers to a significantly later period. In Europe, only 5 such cups was found (for example, a Cup from Rillaton, found in Cornwall in 1837). All these finds are dated between 1700-1500 GG. BC e. It is assumed that the Cup was not a funeral gift, but referred to military offering, not related to burials, and was placed in the Kurgan about 1700-1500. BC e. The modern burial periods near the find was not found, but several later burials were found to the Epoch of the Iron Age, as well as the Anglo-Saxon cemetery.
The pellerine made of Molda is a product of a solid sheet of gold, dating from about 1900-1600. BC e. Refers to the bronze age of Europe. Found in Mold, Flintshire county, North Wales, in 1833. Apparently, he was part of the ceremonial apparel. Pellerina was hoping for the body buried in a rough stone sarcophage in Kurgan. Together with Pelterina, the remains of coarse tissue and 16 fragments of leaf bronze were found, which, apparently, were the base of the pellerina: the gold sheets were attached to bronze with ripples.
A man from Lindow called the man who deceased in the Epoch of the Iron Age and found in the peat swamp of Lindow near the village of Mobberly, County Cheshire, United Kingdom. It is one of the most well-preserved marsh bodies and one of the most sensational archaeological finds made in the UK in the 1980s. In order for the police to agree to convey the body to archaeologists, it was necessary to establish that it belongs to the ancient person. Scientists from the British Research Institute of Nuclear Energy subjected fragments of the human bone from Lindow radio carbon analysis and on August 17 revealed that he died at least 1000 years ago. Secondary studies gave more accurate datization, determining that his death had arrived at 20 - 90 years. e. Multiple and diverse wounds allowed scientists to assume that a person from Lindow died during the ritual sacrifice of Druids.
Franksse casket carved casket made from whale os. It was found in excavations in France near the city of Clermont-Ferrand and was transferred to the British Museum of the English Antiquarian Frankc. The inscription, the bordering scene from the ancient German, Roman and biblical legends, carved on the Runa Lartz Franks - the most significant among the early Anglo-Saxon Runic monuments.
Chess from the island of Lewis 78 medieval chess figures from the walrus, which were discovered in 1831 on the island of Lewis off the shores of Scotland along with 14 checkers for the game of Narrad and belt buckle. There is a suggestion that "figures used not only for chess, but also for playing in the Hnefatofl. Made in the XII century by Norwegian raids, apparently, from Trondheim, where similar artifacts were found.
