"Constancy of Memory" Salvador Dali wrote at the peak of extracting theories of Freud. "Memory Constancy": picture description

« The Persistence of Memory"- One of the most famous paintings of the Spanish Surrealist artist. Many this picture is also known as " Soft watches" Other names: "hardness of memory" and "Memory Stability".

The picture "Constancy of Memory" with a soft clock was written in 1931. Canvas, handmade tapestry. Dimensions: 24 × 33 cm. Located in the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York. Perhaps it is this picture that, among some others, is one of the most famous at Salvador given and literally considered his visiting card. The picture is known even to those who are familiar with the work of this artist. The famous molten watches are often published on the billboard of the artist's exhibitions, book covers, and so on. Salvador Gala's wife Dali Dali, when for the first time I saw this little picture, immediately said that no one, at least once saw the picture "Constancy of Memory," I will never forget it.

In the picture we can see the landscape with the port of ligat. In the foreground there are clocks that have the form of molten cheese. It is cheese, since such associations arose y Dali at the sight of melted cheese. His statement also says that the origin of the plot of the paintings is connected with his reflections on the nature of Camambour Cheese. Also in the foreground, we can see the abstract image of El Salvador himself.

The sense of the picture speaks about the rest of the linear understanding of the time, the flow of time, its variability. Having been waiting for his wife from the movies, Salvador Dali suddenly noticed a piece of melting cheese on the table, which caused his association with a long-reaching time and stretching. So the picture appeared, which today is recognized as a world masterpiece of painting and one of the most famous surrealist of Salvador Dali. Another noticeable element in the picture is a pocket watch in the left side of the paintings that are covered with ants. This image of Dali explained as the association of ants, devouring human flesh, with continuously current time. In the distant plan, we can see the endless sea, which symbolizes the infinity of space and time, as well as mountains that not only contrast to their hardness with a soft clock, but also symbolize the constancy, which is beyond the time.

"Constancy of Memory" Salvador Dali

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Salvador Dali. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 24x33 See Museum of Contemporary Art, New York (MOMA)

Melting clock - a very recognizable image gave. Even more recognizable than an egg or nose with lips.

Remembering gave, we think that we think about the picture "Constancy of Memory."

What is the secret of such a success of the picture? Why did she become a business card of the artist?

Let's try to figure out. And at the same time I look at all the details.

"Constancy of memory" - there is something to think about

Salvador gave many works unique. Due to the unusual combination of parts. It pushes the viewer to ask questions. What is it all? What did the artist say?

"Constancy of memory" is no exception. She immediately provokes a person on reflections. Because the image of the current clock is very chaining.

But not only the clock is forced to think. The whole picture is saturated with many contradictions.

Let's start with color. In the picture a lot of brown shades. They are hot, which enhances the feeling of deserts.

But this roast space is diluted with cold blue. These are the clocks of the clock, the sea and the surface of a huge mirror.

Salvador Dali. Constancy of memory (fragment with dry wood). 1931 Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

The bentness of the dials and branches of dry wood is in an obvious contrast with straight lines of the table and mirrors.

We see the opposition of real and unreal things. Dry tree is real, but the clock melted on it is not. The sea is realistic. But the mirror from him in our world is unlikely to meet.

Such a mixture of everything and all suggests various thoughts. I think about the variability of the world. And about the fact that time does not come, but leaves. And about the neighborhood of reality and sleep in our lives.

Everyone wonders, even if nothing knows about the work, Dali.

Interpretation of Dali.

Himself gave little commented on his masterpiece. Just told that his cheese spreading on the sun was inspired by the image of the melting clock. And when writing a picture, he thought about the teachings of Heraclitus.

This antique thinker spoke that everything in the world is changeable and has a dual nature. Well, duality in the "constancy of time" at least debugs.

But why exactly did the artist call his picture? Maybe because she believed in constancy of memory. In the fact that, only the memory of some events and people can be maintained despite the course of time.

But we do not know exact reply. The whole charm of the masterpiece is in this. You can beat the pictures for a long time for a long time, but it's not to find all the answers.

On that day in July 1931, Dali had an interesting image of melting hours in the head. But all other images have already been previously used in other works. They moved to the "constancy of memory."

Maybe therefore the picture is so successful. Because it is a piggy bank of the most successful artist's images.

Dali even the favorite egg painted. Although somewhere in the background.

Salvador Dali. Constancy of memory (fragment). 1931 Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

Of course, on the "geopolite child" it is close-up. But there, and there the egg carries the same symbolism - change, the birth of something new. Again in Heraclitus.

Salvador Dali. Geopolitical child. 1943 Salvador Museum Dali in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA

On the same fragment of the "constancy of memory", a close-up of mountains. This Cape Creus next to his hometown Figueras. Dali loved to transfer memories from childhood into their pictures. So this acquaintance with him since the birth of the landscape cares from the painting in the picture.

Self portrait Dali

Of course, a strange creature is still rushed into the eyes. It, like clock, fluid and shapeless. This self portrait Dali.

We see a closed eye with huge eyelashes. Long and thick tongue. He obviously without feelings or feels bad. Still, at such a heat, when even the metal melts.

Salvador Dali. Constancy of memory (part with a self-portrait). 1931 Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

Is it a metaphor of a missed time? Or a human shell that thoughtlessly lived her life?

Personally, this head is associated with self-portrait Michelangelo with the fresco of a terrible court. The master depicted himself peculiar. In the form of a nasal skin.

Take a similar image - quite in the spirit of Dali. After all, his work was distinguished by frankness, the desire to show all his fears and desires. The image of a person with robust skin was quite suitable for him.

Michelangelo. Scary court. Fragment. 1537-1541 Sicstinskaya Capella, Vatican

In general, such a self-portrait is a frequent phenomenon in the pictures given. Close-up we see it on the "Great Masturbator" canvas.

Salvador Dali. Great masturbator. 1929 Queen Sofia Art Center, Madrid

And now you can already conclude more about one secret of the success of the picture. All the pictures given for comparison have one feature. Like many other works were given.

Spicy details

In the works gave a lot of sexual subtext. They simply do not show the audience under 16. Yes, and you can not depict the posters. But then he blames in insulting the feelings of passersby. How it happened with reproductions.

But the "constancy of memory" is quite innocent. Through how much you want. And in schools show in the art lessons. And on the circles with jerseys print.

It is difficult not to pay attention to insects. On one dial sits fly. On the twisted red watches - ants.

Salvador Dali. Constancy of memory (detail). 1931 Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

Ants are also frequent guests in the paintings of the wizard. We see them on the same "masturbator". They are hoarse on the locust and in the mouth area.

In early August 1929, the young Dali met his future wife and Muse Galo. Their union was the key to the incredible success of the artist, having an impact on all his subsequent creativity, including the picture "Constancy of Memory."

Salvador Dali and Gala in Cadakes. 1930. Photo: Provided by GMI them. A.S. Pushkin

History of creation

They say that Dali was not a little. Yes, he suffered to paranoid syndrome. But without it, I would not have been given as an artist. He had a light nonsense, which was expressed in the appearance of a dream-shaped formatives, which artist could carry on canvas. Thoughts who visited Dali during the creation of paintings were always fraud (no wonder he was fond of psychoanalysis), and a bright example is the story of the emergence of one of the most famous "constancy of memory" (New York, Museum of Contemporary Art).

The case was in the summer of 1931 in Paris, when Dali was preparing for the personal exhibition. Having guided the civilian wife Gulu with friends in the cinema, "I, - writes Dali in the memories, - Returned to the table (dinner we completed the excellent Camembert) and plunged into meditation about the spreading pulp. Before my mental look, cheese arose. I got up and, as usual, headed into the workshop - take a look at bedtime to the picture he wrote. That was a port-loy scenery in a transparent-sad sunset light. In the foreground - naked olive exes with a broken branch.

I felt that in this picture I managed to create an atmosphere, consonant with some important image - but what? I have not the foggiest idea. I needed a wonderful image, but I did not find it. I went to turn off the light, and when it came out, literally saw the solution: two pairs of soft watches, they are plaintively hanging from the Olina branch. Despite the migraine, I prepared the palette and took up work. Two hours later, to return Gang, the most famous from my paintings was completed. "

(1) Soft Watch - a symbol of non-linear, subjective time, arbitrarily current and unevenly filling space. Three hours in the picture is the past, present and future. "You asked me," wrote to physics Ilya Pogin, "I thought about Einstein when I drew a soft watch ( this refers to the theory of relativity. - approx. ed.). I answer you negatively, the fact is that the connection of space and time has long been absolutely obvious for me, so there was nothing special in this picture for me, she was the same as any other ... To this I can add that I am a lot I thought about Heraclite ( ancient Greek philosopher, who believed that time was measured by the flow of thought. - approx. ed.). That is why my picture is called the "constancy of memory". Memory about the relationship between space and time. "

(2) A unclear object with eyelashes. This is a self-portrait of sleeping gave. The world in the picture is his dream, the death of an objective world, the celebration of the unconscious. "The relationship between bedtime, love and death is obvious," the artist wrote in autobiography. - Sleep this is death or at least this is an exception from reality, or, even better, this is the death of the reality itself, which in the same way dies during the love act. " According to Dali, the dream frees the subconscious, so the head of the artist breaks down, like a mollusk, is a testimony of its defenselessness. Only Gala, he will say after the death of his wife, "knowing my defenselessness, stubcounted my grasphens of the oyster flesh in the sink fortress, and the more removed."

(3) solid clock - lying on the left dial down - the symbol of objective time.

(4) ants - Symbol of rotting and decomposition. According to Nina Getashvili, Professor of the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, "Children's impression of a volatile mouse podrak, sising ants, and also invented by the artist himself, the memory of the bathing baby with ants in the back passage for his whole life was given the artist by the obsessive presence of this insect in his Painting. ( "I loved to nostalgically remember this action, which was not really", "the artist will write in the" secret life of El Salvador Dali, told by him by himself. " - approx. ed.). On the clock on the left, the only preserved hardness, ants also create a clear cyclic structure, obeying chronometer divisions. However, this does not obscure the meaning that the presence of ants is still a sign of decomposition. " According to Dali, the linear time devours itself.

(5) Fly. According to Nina Getashvili, "the artist called their Faymi Mediterranean. In the "diary of one genius" he wrote: "They carried the inspiration by the Greek philosophers who spent their lives under the sun, rolled with flies."

(6) Olive. For the artist, this is a symbol of ancient wisdom, which, unfortunately, has already sunk in the fly (therefore the tree is shown dry).

(7) Cape Creus. This cape in the Catalan coast of the Mediterranean Sea, not far from the city of Figuec, where Dali was born. The artist often portrayed him in the paintings. "Here," he wrote, - in the rocky granite is embodied the most important principle of my theory of paranoid metamphosis ( talking one delusional image to another. - approx. ed.) ... These are frozen, raised by an explosion of the cloud in all of their countless horseshipings, all new and new ones - it is only a bit of changing the angle of view. "

(8) sea For Dali symbolized immortality and eternity. The artist considered him the ideal space for travel, where time flows not with objective speed, but in accordance with the internal rhythms of the consciousness of the traveler.

(9) Egg. According to Nina Getashvili, a world egg in creativity symbolizes life. His image artist borrowed from Oficov - ancient Greek mystics. According to ORFICAL mythology, the first two-fallen deity of Fans, who created people, and from two halves of his shell, was formed by the sky and the Earth.

(10) Mirrorlying horizontally left. This is a symbol of changeability and impermanence, obediently reflecting both the subjective and objective world.

Artist

Salvador Dali

The great Spanish artist El Salvador Philip Hasinto Dali and Domasene was born in the spring of 1904, on May 11th at 08, 45 minutes ...

Brief biographical certificate

1904 on May 11th in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain Born Salvador Dali (Salvador Dali Domanech).
1910 Dali begins to attend primary school "Immaculate conception of the Christian brothers.
1916 Summer holidays with a family of pic. Dali first faces modern painting.
1917 Spanish Artist Nunese trains gave the methods of original engraving.
1919 The first exhibition in the group show in the municipal theater in Figueres. Dali - 15 years.
1921 Mother's death.
1922 Dali gives a reception exam at the Academy de San Fernando in Madrid.
1923 Temporary exception from the Academy.
1925 First Professional Solo Exhibition in the Dalmau Gallery in Barcelona.
1926 The first trip to Paris and Brussels. Meeting with Picasso. Final exception from the Academy.

Leda Atomica 1949.

Sleep, outstanding bee flight 1943

Last Supper 1955.

The Temptation of St. Anthony 1946

1929 Cooperation with Louis Buniel in the formulation of the film "Andalusian Dog". Meeting from Gala Elolar. The first exhibition in Paris.
1930 Dali lives with Gala to Port - Ligat, Spain.
1931 Picture "Constancy of Memory."
1934 Painting "The Mystery of Wilhelm Tell" quarrels were given with a group of surrealists. Civil marriage with gala. Trip to New York. Albert Skira publishes 42 Original engravings gave.
1936 Exhibition in the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York. Pictures "Autumn cannibalism", "Soft Watch", "Civil War Caution."
1938 Conversation with sick Sigmund Freud in London. Dali takes part in the international exhibition of surrealists in Paris.
1939 The final excluded from the group of surrealists in connection with the reluctance was given to support their political motives.
1940 Dali and Gala emigrate to America where they live for eight years, first in Virginia, then in California and New-Lork.
1941 Retrospective exhibition together with Miro at the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York.
1942 Publication of autobiography "The Secretary Life of El Salvador Dali, told by himself."
1946 Participation in the draft "Destino" Walt Disney. Participation in the draft films Alfred Hitchkoka. Picture "Temptation of St. Anthony.
1949 Pictures "Leda Atomica" and Madonna Port - Ligat "(version 1). Return to Europe.
1957 Publication of twelve original lithographs Dali, named, "Pages of Dong Quickote from Lamanchi".
1958 Wedding Gala and Dali in Girona, Spain.
1959 Picture "Opening of America Columbus".
1962 Dali concludes a ten-year agreement with Pierre Argille Publisher about the publication of illustrations ./\u003e
1965 Dali concludes a contract with the Publishing House of Sydney Lucas (Sidney Lucas), New York.
1967 Acquisition of Pubol Castle (Pubol) in Girona and its restructuring.
1969 Solemn interview in Pubol Castle.
1971 Opening of the Salvador Museum was given in Cleveland, Ohio.
1974 Dali begin to disturb health problems.
1982 Opening of the Museum Dali in St. Petersburg, Florida. Death Gala in Pubol Castle.
1983 Grand Exposure was given in Spain, Madrid and Barcelona. Completion of painting. The last picture of the "tail of swallows".
1989 On January 23, Dali died from the paralysis of the heart. He is buried in the Museum of the Tatro Museum, in Figueres, Spain.

Picture "Constancy of memory" 1931.

The most famous and most discussed in the environment of artists of Salvador Dali. Cartina is located in the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York since 1934.

In this picture, the clock is depicted as a symbol of the human experience, memory. They are shown in big distortions, which sometimes our memories are. Dali did not forget himself, he is also present in the form of a sleeping head that appears in his other pictures. During this period, Dali was constantly displayed the image of the deserted coast, he expressed the emptiness within himself.

This emptiness was filled when he saw a piece of cheese Kemmeber. "... deciding to write a clock, I wrote them soft.

It was once in the evening, I was tired, I had a migraine - I have an extremely rare malaise. We had to go with friends in the movie, but at the last moment I decided to stay at home.

Gala will go with them, and I am a fire early. We filed a very tasty cheese, then I stayed alone, sitting, leaning on the table, and reflecting on how the "super mugs" melted cheese.

I got up and went to the workshop to, as usual, to look at my job. The picture I was going to write, represented the scenery of the neighborhood of Port Lygata, the rocks, as if illuminated by a non-road evening light.

In the foreground, I sketched a chopped barrel of alertless olive. This landscape is the basis for the canvas with some idea, but what? I needed a wonderful image, but I did not find it.

I went to turn off the light, and when it came out, literally "saw" the solution: two pairs of soft watches, some are capable of hanging from the oiler branch. Despite the migraine, I prepared the palette and took up work.

Two hours later, Gala returned from a movie, a picture that was supposed to become one of the most famous, was completed.

The painting has become a symbol of a modern concept of relativity. A year after the exposition in the Paris Gallery Pierre Cole, the picture was bought by the New York Museum of Contemporary Art.

In the picture, the artist expressed the relativity of time and emphasized the amazing property of human memory, which allows us to be transferred to those days that have long remained in the past.

Hidden symbols

Soft watches on the table

Symbol of nonlinear, subjective time, arbitrarily current and unevenly filling space. Three hours in the picture is the past, present and future.

Split object with eyelashes.

This is a self-portrait of sleeping gave. The world in the picture is his dream, the death of an objective world, the celebration of the unconscious. "The relationship between bedtime, love and death is obvious," the artist wrote in autobiography. - Sleep this is death or at least this is an exception from reality, or, even better, this is the death of the reality itself, which in the same way dies during the love act. " According to Dali, the dream frees the subconscious, so the head of the artist breaks down, like a mollusk, is a testimony of its defenselessness.

Solid clocks lie on the left dial down. An objective time symbol.

Ants are a symbol of rotting and decomposition. According to Nina Getashvili, Professor of the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, "Children's impression of a volatile mouse podrance, sising ants.
Fly. According to Nina Getashvili, "the artist called their Faymi Mediterranean. In the "diary of one genius" he wrote: "They carried the inspiration by the Greek philosophers who spent their lives under the sun, rolled with flies."

Olive.
For the artist, this is a symbol of ancient wisdom, which, unfortunately, has already sunk in the fly (therefore the tree is shown dry).

Cape Creus.
This cape in the Catalan coast of the Mediterranean Sea, not far from the city of Figuec, where Dali was born. The artist often portrayed him in the paintings. "Here, he wrote," in the rocky granite the most important principle of my theory of paranoid metamorphosis is embodied (the flow of one delusional image to another. - Ed.) ... These are frozen, raised by an explosion of the cloud in all their countless and New - It is only a bit of changing the angle of view. "

The sea for Dali symbolized immortality and eternity. The artist considered him the ideal space for travel, where time flows not with objective speed, but in accordance with the internal rhythms of the consciousness of the traveler.

Egg.
According to Nina Getashvili, a world egg in creativity symbolizes life. His image artist borrowed from Oficov - ancient Greek mystics. According to ORFICAL mythology, the first two-fallen deity of Fans, who created people, and from two halves of his shell, was formed by the sky and the Earth.

Mirror lying horizontally left. This is a symbol of changeability and impermanence, obediently reflecting both the subjective and objective world.