Prince of Prince Andrei Kurbsky with Ivan Grozny. Cycle History, Religious Political Positions of Arteons, Style Features

The messages of the king of Ivan the Terrible and Prince Andrei Kurbsky is one of the most famous monuments of the Old Russian literature, which reflected the turning point of his era. Correspondence began after the departure of the fearless persecution of Kourbi in Lithuania, from where in 1564 he sent his first message to the monarch. In it, the prince collapsed with tough criticism of the unfair policy of the king, accusing that in unheard of repression against the best people of the country. Grozny responded by an angry treatise, accusing the opponent in a crime not only against the earthly power, but also against God. For the first time in the Russian history, the former citizen decided to write a sovereign. There is a controversy between them, which lasted 15 years.
The correspondence participants set publicist tasks and applied not only to each other, but also to educated readers in Russia and abroad. The king and boyar concerned the extensive circle of political, cultural and religious topics - the devices of the state, God's court, literary style. Their controversy anticipated the flourishing of individual manners in Russian literature, at that time had not yet known the very concept of copyright style.

Caming Coy Ivan Grozny and Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky lasted with great breaks from 1564 to 1579. The monarch and his former subsession was about how to argue. The fearlessness of the boyar persecution, along with servants and a group of adherents, fled from Russia and moved under the banners of one of the main opponents of Moscow - the King of Poland and Lithuania Sigismund II of August. Thus, Kurbsky changed the side in the key military conflict of the era - the Livonian War. The former Governor Ivan IV previously won a number of victories over the troops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, now he had to fight against Russian forces. Rungeless Boyarin felt the need to justify. For this, Kurbsky dares to write to that, in whom saw the reason that prompted him to escape the troubles and fears. For the first time in Russian history, the former subject appealed to the ruler with a personal letter.
The correspondence has faced, the purpose of which it became not only to influence the addressee, but also to defend its point of view in the eyes of the competent part of the Russian and Western society. Not a gift, the king already in the title addresses his first message against violators of the oath, "Crossparts", to the whole Russian state, and Kurbsky emphasizes that the texts like letters of the king are shameful to send to other countries - there are many people sophisticated in rhetoric and philosophy . Personal letters appealed to sharp journalistic pamphlets.
The tough policy of Grozny, aimed at strengthening the power of the monarch, the infringement of the interests of Boyarskoy, replacing a significant number of approximated from her number on the servants of the nobles, and later the Okrichnina could not help but cause indignation of representatives who had lost the power of the elite. In this historical context, the famous controversy arose.
Kurbsky came from the genus Yaroslavl princes, which he built to the prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich (the Baptist of Russia), participated in the Kazan campaigns of Grozny, to his departure was among the most closest to the king of the persons, which Boyar himself later called the "Chosen Rada". From April 1563, Kurbsky was appointed a governor to the Nov-Procted Livonian city of Yuryev (modern Tartu), which, apparently, perceived as opal. At the beginning of the 60s. XVI in. Many of the former associates of the king were subjected to repression, some are executed. In such conditions, the appointment to the land removed from the capital could cause clear concerns. At the end of 1563, the prince fled to the Livonian city of Volmar, engaged in the troops of Sigismund II August, from where he sent his first accusatory letter in 1564.
In it, Kurbsky accused the king in persecution, against the best of his subjects, executions and flour. He also listed the terrible resentment and his tart feats not appreciated by the king. The judges between them, Boyarar called God, promising the monarch to "sue" with him not in this life, but in the face of Christ.
The answer was written in the same year a lengthy letter written in the same year, in fact, the treatise against the "trains". In it, Ivan IV justifies and protects unlimited dealer rights. The flight of Kurbsky in this text turns into a religious crime. In the tradition of the idea of \u200b\u200bJosephlaants about the divine origin of the monarchy, Grozny insists that anyone opposed his power, thereby opposes God. He reminds Boyarin and about the oath correctly serve the sovereign, bonded by the kissing of the cross.
The king is trying to ascend the opponent, putting Kurbsky as an example of his own servant of Vasily Shibowa, until the last Lord who remained faithful. It was Shibanov who prevailed his letter to the king. According to the legend, Grozny pierced the Messenger to his leg with a rod and listened to the message from beginning to end, leaning on him. The Kurbansky servant under torture died - the king hoped to learn through him the plans of a runaway boyar, but she did not achieve success.
Non-Kurbsky, and the king himself considers many unfair offended by the most unfair offense. The behavior of the recipient in his eyes is placed in some preceded practice in relations between the king and those whom the prince is trying to present the support of Russia. Grozny recalls how in his young years by the boyars - "traitors" the approximate his father was expired, the treasured treasury, as ineffective and inattentively, with his brother, in his childhood, were considered the Brazds of the Board of Vasily and Ivan Shuisky, as a boyars during the Moscow Fire, 1547 were dissolved The rumor that the city of the witchcraft was buried the grandmother Tsar Anna Glinsky, as a result of which the rebel Muscovites almost killed her. He will also repay to the torment and in vain deaths, the priests of Sylvester (in the world of Medvedev) and Boyarin Alexei Adshev, such "pleading" Kurbsky, and Grozny, were accomplished in the country "Rules" limited. According to Ivan IV, he was forced to interrupt this "tradition" so that the state did not die under the severity of civil workers and contention. The king is confident: the ruler must be not only gracious, but also tough. Grozny, like his opponent, is sure that God is on his side.
13 years after the start of the correspondence, Ivan IV recalls the letter of the former subject. The reason for this is the success in the Livonian War. It is possible to capture the king and Volmar, in which Kurbsky wrote his first letter. In 1577, the king sends several letters to recipients in Lithuania and Poland - the commander-in-chief of Polish forces in Livonia Yan Khodkevich, Novogrudsky Voevod, Alexander Seminensky, Polish King Stephan Batorium, Livonian nobles, Taube and Cruz, adopted in Russian service, but later condole Another emigrant is a boyars son Timothy Tetherin. He writes and Kurbsky. The reason is simple. In the eyes of the king, military successes are a powerful argument that proves the location of God. In addition, they give it grounds to undelivered over the boyar, who hosted on the "consolation" from his new sovereign.
The king parods the opponent's complaints, mocking on the requested Kurban desire to "calm down from all works." He is pleased to emphasize - the appearance of the troops of the king in the lands that have recently owned by the Polish king, will not give the hopes of the prince. To avoid a possible reproach in Gordin, Ivan IV is not without irony motivating his letter to concern about the disposal - he wants to remind him of the need to "think about the soul" and strive for correction.
Its new letters of Kurbsky can send only in 1579. To the answer to the second message of the king, he applies his previous essay - he could not send him before, because the king, "gave" the country "as if in the hellish hardship." By the time of this text, military luck changed Grozny, and now Boyarar turns his own weapon against him, directly calling the monarch to seek the cause of defeats in their adhered and encouraged sins. He advises the king to listen to worthy advisers, repent and abandon the destructive vices, on which he pushes "maniacs" from the nearest environment. The third message, Kurbsky, judging by postscript, wrote in several stages. One of the extensive attributes appears in the text September 3, 1579 - on the third day after the capture of Polo-Lithuanian troops Polotsk, the other - on the fourth day after the victory of the troops of the Batory under the city of Sokol (September 15, 1579).
The correspondence of the Terrible and Kurbsky concerns a wide range of political, cultural and religious topics. Among them, the structure of the state and the place in it is known, the rights and obligations of the monarch, God's judgment, repentance and forgiveness, obtained under pressure from the oath and the right to departure, literary style.
Inscript, the king and boyar are not only in political issues, but also in aesthetic. Latin Kurbsky studied in the emigration oriented to a western rhetorical tradition. His messages are concise, stylistically designed, unlike the king, he quotes not only the fathers of the Church and the Bible, but also ancient authors. To his third letter, he even applies transfers of several fragments of Cicero's writings as a rhetorical sample. It is outraged by the unbeatable literary Marines of Grozny, non-harmonious chaotic quoting from the sacred books, mixing styles - the inclusion of household details in reasoning about the affairs of spiritual. In turn, the frantic temper of Ivan IV finds a complete reflection in his messages. The speech of Grozny is replete with poisonous ridicule over the opponent, the emotional explosions contrast in his letters with brief aphoristic conclusions, the brand is interspersed with a solemn biblical style.
Messages formally constitute the works of the epistolary genre, however, they bring together with diplomatic documentation and polemical treatments. From the first king borrowed the form of letters: an extensive entry with the obligatory transfer of titles, retelling the key arguments of the opponent with the following directly for each of them. With a polemical tract of writings Ivan IV bring together, including the desire to maximize the validity of each thesis and extensive theological argument with the involvement of a significant number of quotes from religious essays.
Epistle messages have been preserved until our time in the handwritten tradition in several editions. Correspondence of Ivan the Terrible with Kurbsky was not preserved in modern lists, which is not a rarity for the ancient Russian monuments. The main lists of the writings of the king and Boyarin belong to the XVII century. This circumstance, however, gave the basis of Professor Edward Kinana to doubt the authenticity of the letters, suggesting that they are the apocrypha Time of Discharge. The theory caused a broad scientific controversy, but at the moment most scientists consider proven authenticity of correspondence. The mention of it is found in genuine documents of the XVI century, the earliest list of the first Message of Kurbsky, dated the end of the XVI century, was found. There are many reasons for the lack of earlier lists. Obviously, the spread of Kurbsky's messages could fight, while the first message of Ivan the Grozny, created in counterweight, the composition of the boyar, was very quickly relevant. In particular, in 1569, the king was executed by Nikita Funic Kurtsev, the very "treasury of our Nikita Afanasyevich", for the persecution of which Ivan IV reproached the Kourbi and his associates in his first letter. It could not be for a long time to exist and the second message of the monarch - the triumph of Grozny, about proving God, the victims of the military victories soon appealed against him - the Russian army began to defeat the defeat almost until the very end of the Livonian war.
The main ideas of their messages King Karbsky then developed in a historical essay, in fact representing a pamphlet against the Grozny - "Stories about the Grand Duza Moscow". He is also the author of a whole number of letters, translation from Latin, prefaces to the "New Margarita" compiled by him. Ivan IV's literary heritage is also not limited to correspondence with Kurban. He created a significant number of bright distinctive letters, including the Messages of the English Queen Elizavete I, the Polish Monarch Stefan Batorium, Swedish King Johann III, the Message of the Monks of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, the will of the descendants - spiritual letter, as well as a number of works of religious themes - Canon and Prayer Angel Grozny The governor (under the pseudonym of the parfiaments is routine), several stimi.

Kalugin V. V. Andrei Karbsky and Ivan Grozny (theoretical views and literary technique of the ancient Russian writer). M., 1998.

Karavashkin A.V. Russian medieval journalism: Ivan Peresvetov, Ivan Grozny, Andrei Kurbsky. M., 2000.

D.S. Likhachev Style of works of the Terrible and Style of the works of Kurbsky // Correspondence of Ivan Grozny with Andrei Kurbsky. M., 1993.

Lurie Ya. S. Correspondence Ivan the Terrible with Kurbansky in the public thought of ancient Russia // Correspondence Ivan Grozny with Andrei Kurbsky. - M., 1993.

Skynnikov R.G. Correspondence of Grozny and Kurbsky: Edward Kinana Paradoxes. L., 1973.

Schmidt S.O. Notes on the language of the Epistle of Ivan Grozny // Proceedings of the Old Russian literature department. - m.; L., 1958.

Bachinsky A.A. Diplomatic messages Ivan the Terrible as journalistic text: dis ... Cand. Phil. Sciences / A.A. Bachinsky; RGGU. - M., 2011. - 201 p.

What prompted Prince Andrei Kurbsky to enter into correspondence with Ivan Grozny, and the king - to answer him?

What did the king and his former subjects argue?

What is common in their positions, how do their views differ on the optimal device of the state?

Why is Ivan IV accuses Kurbsky in a religious crime?

What is the difference between the literary manners of Ivan the Terrible and Andrei Kurbsky?

What literary samples focused on Kurbsky when drawing up their texts?

Message Kururbago

Message of Kourbsky

King, from God to declared, more in pRESTlavia pRESSTLU WHERE WHERE, THE SIMARY OF THE SQUESS OF OUR SPRESS, REMOVES, REMUME, ON RESUME, Conscience friend imuchka, Jakov, the same in any godless pagies are gaining. And the bolts of this about ses of verbati all in a number of non-people my tongue w., but persecution for the sake of ingestores happily from the powers, and from all the sore hearts of the heart, I have a little extension.

The king, the god of the declined and moreover, among the Orthodox ledgemen, which is now - for our sins - the opposite sins (let mean of meaning), conscience having a leper, which will not meet the peoples of godless. And more<сказанного> To talk about it, I forbid my tongue in order, but because of the oppression of your tight from the authority and from the great grief hearts to tell you,<хотя бы> little.

About that king, power in about Israel broke yes, and the governor, from God's god to the enemies of your enemies, various deaths flew away, and the winning holy blood of them in churches buth. God's etcolial, and the martyrs of Prague Prague, Obagryl Esi, and on a kind of good, soul your own, believing hang from in the flour, and death, and the persistentness of the intention, measurements, and the charpecifications, and other inclined lights of Orthodox and waste with diligence tMA in TMA is prevailing, and TMU in St.ѣt, and the sweet is hurry to norp, and the slap is sweet? And what they guessed before you and what about gNѣ yours tre Christianians Presents? HE prejudice whether the kingdoms were ravaged and infused in all of the trouble they created them, fucking in workѣ were our forefathers? HE Predecessing Hermann Grads to the care of them from God you are given a blessed? Whether we, bod, rejected eCU., urgently shipping us? Or immentant, king, imbued and in uncomfortable heresy is ordained, aki, not although it is already imaginary Proud and the hope of Christians, the Bogernian Issue, who, who, who, who, who, whoever surfacing the settlement in the truth, is missing, without rummaged by the prejudis persecutor and attendant i will estimize them to the Vlas of Prisoner, I will verbat with a word? He has Christ my, Sedya on the throne of Cherubst housingvIA EXTERNAL, - DISTRIBUTION OF INTER WORK TO AND MOSE.

Why, the king, strong in Israel destroyed, and the governor giving you to the fight against enemies, various executions betrayed, and the Holy Blood, their victorious of God's sorcerer, and the blood of the martyr's church thresholds, and on your dothotot, my soul for you Made flour and death, and oppressed by the beginning of the world, and the oppression of the oppression of the Orthodox in the treason and sorcerence and in another dimly and with zeal, carefully draw in the darkness and the sweet to call the bitter, and is bitter sweet? What were they guilty before you and what did Christian's intercessors pregnant? Aren't they defeated the prejudicists of the kingdoms and turned them into the submissive to you in all that were our ancestors before in slavery? Are the German fortresses of the German fortresses not given to you thanks to their wisdom? Do we, unhappy, rejoice, exterminating us with all close to our? Or you, king, imagine that is immortal, and fell into unprecedented heresy, as if you do not have to appear before the incorruptible judgment and the hope of Christian, the gloomy Jesus, who will come to the right trial over the Universe and all the more proud of the prolisters and admires everything and the smallest preachs of them, how to broadcast<божественные> the words? This is he, my Christ, who squeezes himself on the throne of Heruvim's the best of the greatest of the highest, is a judgment between you and me.

And which evil and geonne from you do not undergo! And koi bod and the misfortunes on me did not entail the ESI! Koih. lzh.to her and I changed to me not erected! And all the adventurists from you are different from you, for a number, for many of them, I can not say, ponige mountainsestal still my soul is embraced. But the whole river is, of course: everything is deprived of themselves and from the Earth of God Tung to you esm. AND permy benefits gave me to Mi Esi, and for his beloved is an implacable adultery. My blood, IKO water shedding for the crypts on the to God to God. God - the hearts of the audience: in the mind of my arrival, silent, and the owl of my bark of imagines, and claims, and prosh, fiction abouti was married, and not two to yourself, and not a nidel what I am guilty to blame and sigrish. Before the army of your visitor and forefather, and nico same tebrѣ womensteam not leading, but the rampant of the PRESSTING HAPPY AGGELL OF THE LORD IN Glory Your supplies and the prisoners of your Chusi regiment headtom reversible, but the odo'nia of Preslavna on the praise of you. And this is not in a single lie, nor into the two, but in many Lѣteh potrudichsia many sweats and the patience, I. Little and the greatness of the song, and the wife of Moyya will not be launched, and the Fatherland of their others, but always in dalled I. overseasoh hilders of yours against your enemies of your militia and underpays the natural Bolѣzni, guess my uzus, Christ, Svodѣtel; Page the same pupilby the wounds from barbaric hands in various battles, he was crushed by the wounds all that was me. And tebl, king, all this in anything.

What is just evil and what persecutions did not undergo you! And what troubles and misfortunes did not hit me! And which sins and change did not erect me! And all the different misfortunes caused by you in order cannot be calculated, for the many of them and the soul are still hugging. But at the end of everything together, I will say: everything was deprived of everything from the land of God to you without guilt. And I gave me evil for good and for the love of my unambiguous hatred. My blood, like water spilled for you, shines against you before God, mine. GOD reads in the hearts: I thought my mind in my mind, and my conscience took my witnesses, and I was looking for myself, and I looked at myself at myself, and did not understand, and I didn't find it - what I was to blame and sinned. Your shelves drove and performed with them and no dishonor did not bring you, only the victories of the Highlands with the help of the angel of the Lord walked for your fame and never drew your regiments to someone else's regiments, but, on the contrary, he stopped the praise to you. And all this is not one year old and not two, but for many years it worked tirelessly and patiently in the sweat of his face, so I could not see my parents a little, and I didn't know with my wife, and in the Fatherland, in the most distant fortresses Your vs. Your enemies fought and suffered from bodily flour, which Lord My Jesus Christ witness; Especially many wounds received from barbarians in various battles, and my whole body is covered with wounds. But you, the king, it's not doing to all this.

But hotѣ h. resoup all for a number of Ratnia was my father, I will make your own on the praise, but this is not ration for nothing, for n.yezhu Lutche God is. He boats all simthe Mzovozdaitel, and not Tokmo Sim, but also for the bowl of the water. Also, the king, which is sure to: no longer visers of my face before Strashnago ships. And do not make me silently about this: until the days of Scionician's belly, I will be undergrocate to cry with tears before home Troycene, in the sufficient, I call, and I urge to help the Heruvimskago Mother Mother, the hope of my and the intercession of the Veldist of the Virgin, and all saints, ofthe swans of God, and the sovereign of my prince Fedor Rostislavich.

I wanted to list in order all the utilities of my, which I made your glory, but because I don't call<их>that god them<еще> Better knows. After all, he will repay all this, and not only for it, but also for the bowl of the water by the student. And also, the king, I tell you at the same time: you will not see my face before the day of a terrible court. And do not hope that I will be silent about everything: until the last day of my life I will be indisputable with tears to impede you before the original trinity, in which I believe, and I urge to help the Kheruvim Lord Mother - the hope of my and the intercession, the Mother of the Virgin, and all saints , Chosen by God, and the sovereign of my prince Fedor Rostislavich.

King, do not think and do not cry thought, aki already dead and beaten from you are unhappy and sharpened, and hardened without truth. He Rejoice about Sez, Aki Praise Sim: Spasy to You fordLord; Resellers asked, sharpened and put on to you without truth from the earth God shine on the day and north! Things and TMAMI humble in GOfor their own and with temporary sesome vessels in the vision of the Christian clad of the painful blood vessels, che same hanging, pulling the agghel image, consistent with the luster and affordable sickness and guide bidel soul your and tѣlu, and with their own paze of the same crown stumps doubt. O even to hell.

Do not think, the king, and do not think in delusion, that we have already died and exterminated with you without guilt and sharpened and expelled unfairly. Do not rejoice in it, as if by touching this: the Lord's foreheads of the throne are executed by the throne, they appear about the reminiscent you, sharpened and unfairly expelled by you from the country they call the day and night to God, pouring you. Although you worst on your pride in this temporary and presserving life in this temporary and presserving life, I make up the Christian executive executions on the people of Christian people, besides, over the angelic way and drinking it, together with the letters of your pirovsian, like-minded people who are banging the soul Your and the body that your children sacrifice, surpassing in this priests of Crown. And I'm cumulating about all this here.

And this Scripture, tears from uroen, in coffin veli. from sobody put, comident mi. on the court from tooby. God mine Isus. Amen.

And this letter, the shawls are mesmer, in the coffin I will put it, before going with you to the court of God of my Jesus. Amen.

Pisano in grad Vampѣ re sovereign mOhis August Zhigmont of the king, from the wrongty night a lot was granted to life and drove out from all sorrow oyh Milostia his state, page the same god helps.

Written in the city of Volmer,<владении> The sovereign of my king Sigismund Augustus, from which I hope to be granted and comforted in all the sadness of my mercy of his sovereign, and especially the help of God.

And hears from the scriptures, which, if the devil is raised by the genus of the genus Christian iY movement, from bluda zchapetago Bogobornago Antichrist, the same Single, Single, Snom, Yako, is from the premiece of Rozhen, yezh d bare whispering in ears the king is false and pours blood to Christian, IKO water, and wound up already in Israel, the aques zoggle to the antichrist: not at head thus bytakati, about the king! In the law of the Lord, the first is written: "Moavitin, and Amanitin, and chop to ten giving birth to the Church of God enters, and prochaa. .

I know from the Holy Scripture that it will be sent to the Christian destroyer, in Bluda, the foul rogue of the Antichrist, and now I see an adviser<твоего> everyone known, from the adultery of born, which today whispers in the ears of royal lies and sheds the blood of Christian, as if water, and destroyed already<стольких> strong in Israel, on affairs<он подобен> Antichrist: not stick to you, king, so indulge! In the law, God's first is written: "Moavityan and Ammonitian and illegitimate to the tenth knee in God's church is not included" and so on.

... in orthodoxy pRESSѣ tla ivnshka, now same g.ѣ h. kid ours resistance to Obr.ѣ tesya... - Kurbsky here means the retreat of Tsar Ivan IV from true piety, in which he was previously overlooked by the efforts of his confessor of the Blagoveshchensky priest of Sylvester, Metropolitan of Moscow Makaria and other "pre-and reverend husbands, comprehet of respectable" (see. Publishing). I mention that the king was the "press" "in Orthodoxy", Kurbsky, in all likelihood, hints at the great role of Ivan IV in the convening of the church assistant cathedral and conducting church reforms during the years of his pious government together with the so-called "chosen rado". At the meetings of this cathedral in January-February 1551, the royal issues were heard and considered, which contained a wide program of church transformations aimed at strengthening church deity and Christian piety. Based on these royal issues, the participants of the Cathedral adopted the decrees, strictly regulating the church-monastery life, the divine service and the Christian morality of the Russian society. The retreat of Tsar Ivan from compliance with a number of decisions of the Poland Cathedral after the death of Tsaritsa Anastasia and the fall of the "Selected Rada" were considered to be considered as a treason of Orthodoxy. Such an accusation of Ivan IV in betraying His initial "Presfigure Orthodoxy" caused the greatest perturbation of the king, which insisted that it was he who retained the faithfulness of the "Presserving Orthodoxy" began his reign (the time of the stamp cathedral).

... sulk in Israel broke eCU., and voevod... various solodymi runny eCU.... - There are in mind the most prominent associates and the governors of Ivan IV of the first years of his reign, which were subjected to various opalas and executions on the orders of the king. The use of the name "Israel" in relation to Russia was associated with the idea of \u200b\u200b"God-in-law" of Orthodox Russia, popular among publicists of the XV-XVI centuries.

... blood them in churches God's proliral eCU., and martyrs kone prague church of Obagryl eCU.... - On the night of March 30, January 31, 1564, Prince M. P. Repin-Obolensky was killed in the Church of the "Blizzard of the Altar himself" and Prince Yu. I. Kashin-Obolensky "On the Prazas of the Church" (see Nad. ). Both of the dead prince were prominent boyars Ivan IV and constantly participated as governors in the military battles of Ivan IV, including in a victorious campaign to Kazan in 1552

... soul its per drag believing... "Here Kurbsky hints at the famous Gospel Text:" Bolshaya Luva Nicterack, but who will put his soul for each other "(in. 15, 13).

... unprecedented from inѣ ka flour, and of death, and gonia intent eCU.... - We are talking about numerous executions and persecutions that followed the sudden death of the head of the government of King Ivan IV Sounding A. F. Adashev in December 1560. These executions and the persecution of Kurbsky subsequently described on colorfully in its "history" (see the present ed. And Comment. To him).

... changeѣ us, and chargerѣ yisia, and other notepart blight orthodox... - The accusation of treason served as one of the basic forms of accusations nominated against the Oplia Ivan the Terrible. Along with the standard charges of subjects in treason at Ivan IV, the magazine was imposed, that is, witchcraft. Tsar Ivan in the response message Kurbsky wrote: "... And hedgehogs about changed and the regime, they dismissed the ESI," otherwise such dogs are convicted everywhere "(see Nad. Ed., P. 38). From the "History" of Kurbsky, it is possible to know that before the escape of Prince Andrei from Russia and before writing to them the first message Ivan IV, with the help of the invasion of witchcraft, was slandering and executed by the Polka Mary in Orthodoxy from Catholicism, close to A. F. Adshev (see the present ed.). Of other such cases, Kurbsky does not lead in their "history", but they probably took place in Russian reality, since the King Ivan was not denied this accusation in his response message to Kurbsky, but, on the contrary, as if confirmed (see the text of the above quotation from the Epistle of the King In the present comments).

... throat sO distribution st.ѣ t. in tMU preloble, and tMU in st.ѣ t., and sweet horko norp, and horses sweet? - This text of Kurbsky, one way or another goes back to the biblical book of the Prophet Isaiah, which reads: "Mountain ... who believes TMU SVT and SVT TMU, who believes Cute Sweet, and Sweet Horco" (Is. 5, 20), but the order of rhetorical opposition and Repeats in the published list of the Epistle of the Karbsky king Ivanna other than in the biblical text. Exactly the same order of rhetorical oppositions and repetitions, as B. N. Morozov noted, there is a list Odr., № 197, as well as in the list RNB., Basic Coll., Q. IV, № 280. In all other lists of the Messages of the Kourbka Ivan, the first edition of the word "and TMA in St." and "Cobble Sweet" are omitted (see: Morozov B.. N.. 1) The first message of the Kourbian Ivan Grozny in the collection ... pp. 286; 2) The first message of the Kourbian Ivan Grozny in the library ... pp. 485). The specified text of the Prophet Isaiah Kurbsky also used the Message of Codian Chaplich, written on March 21, 1575 in the Message, written on March 21, 1575 (see. Published; see also: Rykov YU. D.. On the question of the sources of the first epistle of Kourbsky Ivan IV // Todrl. L., 1976. T. 31. P. 239). The order of rhetorical opposition and repetitions in this epistolar essay of Kurbsky completely coincides with the order of rhetorical opposition and repetitions in the published list of the Message of the Kourba King and lists Odr., № 197 and Q. IV, No. 280 (see this: Morozov B.. N.. 1) The first message of the Kourbian Ivan Grozny in the collection ... P. 286). In this regard, it can be assumed that the commentated passage in the published list and lists Odr., No. 197 and Q. IV, No. 280 closer to the archetype than in other lists. Differences of the text in the messages of Kurbsky to the king and to Codian Chaplich from the biblical prophetic text are explained by the fact that Kurbsky quoted this text on memory in both cases. Kurbsky included the above text in the message, obviously, with a hint that the King Ivan in the light of this prophetic statement is waiting for an inevitable grief.

... christianists represents? - The word "presents" is used here by Kurbsky in the meaning of Christian defenders, or warriors fighting in the forefronts against enemies.

He. pretty lie kingdom disassemble and bridal in all teaven them coordinated... - This is a successful conquest for Ivan IV Russian troops of the Tatar Kazan and Astrakhan Khunni, respectively, in 1552 and 1556.

... w. fucking perplex in workѣ were prawitsa our? - The word "work" in this case means "slavery", "unwind", "submission". In the commented text, Kurbsky has in mind that, as a result of constant raids on Russia, many thousands of Russian people have captured many thousands of Russian people from a long time, and then used or sold into slavery on the eastern slave markets (see: Schmidt. FROM. ABOUT. Prerequisites and the first years of the "Kazan War" (1545-1549) // Proceedings of the Moscow State Historical and Archival Institute. M., 1954. T. 6. P. 220, etc.).

He. overfood lie grades german... tebrѣ are given byche? - We are talking about the successful conquest of the Russian troops of a number of Livonian fortified cities ("of the final rules") in the first years of the Livonian war.

... overlook showing us? - Under the Mostly Eat, Kurbsky had in mind Opal and executions of representatives of the feudal classrooms together with the whole family or native, including delicacies. The opal of the head of the "Selected Rada" of the rally, A. F. Adashev in 1560 led to the opalas and the executions of many of his rhodations and people close to him. Brother of the Heads "Rada" of Voevod D. F. Adashev, together with his young son Tarhoma and the test of P. I. Torov, the Satina brothers who were in the property with A. F. Adshevy through his wife Anastasia, nee Satina, relative of the Adshevsky Voevoda I. F. Shishkin, together with his wife and children and children, and other parents and preachsmen of Adshevy killed, among the first victims of the Tsarist Terror on the eve of the administration of Okrichnin (see the present. Ed. And comments. To him). The genus of the leader of the "Selected Rada" was subjected to a guilty of the leader of the "Selected Rada" Governor Boyarin Prince D. I. Kuryateva-Obolensky. In October 1562, Ivan Grozny, according to the testimony of Kurbsky and other sources, forcibly ordered to take a halter to the monks of Prince Dmitry along with all his family - his wife and children. Kurbsky regained this tonsure as "unheard of lawlessness" (see the present ed., And also PSRL. M., 1965. T. 29. P. 301). During the years of Okrichnina, Ivan the Terrible, the Average Emptying Family Family became a kind of "norm" of the Tsar's terrorist policy, and Kurbsky, as it were, the prophetically predicted mass executions and opals in their elements of 1564.

... indicate Proud... - "Intended" means "incorruptible". The expression "non-virtual judgment" is repeatedly used in a number of original and translated writings of Maxim Maxim, and therefore it may go back to them. As you know, Kurbsky always considered this scientist monk and a writer with his "overcast" spiritual "teacher" and constantly reading his writings. The column of the compositions of Maxim Grek was at the disposal of Prince Andrew even during his stay on the priest in Yuryev (see: Rib. T. 31. STB. 495).

... at least suditi universe in truth... - This passage dates back to biblical texts (CP. Acts. 17, 31; Ps. 9, 8-9; 95, 13; 97, 9).

... not outday... torture before vlas protherenia them, jacques selfish verb? - cf. PS. 67, 22.

... sedyai on the prestole cheruvimsthe odessa Forces majesty in altiya... - cf. Heb. 13; 8, 1. Sex text is also contained in the transfer of Maxim Grek of this Apostolic Message, he was also used with a small variation of Maxim Greek and in its "confession of the Orthodox faith" (see this: Rykov YU. D.. On the question of the sources of the first epistle of Kurbsky Ivan IV. P. 239-240).

…AND that evil and gonia from you not prederpѣ h.!... and from land God tune Tobyu reinforced esm. - after an unsuccessful battle under the brief in 1562, Kurbsky (which was injured) caused the tsar's discontent and at the end of 1562 - early 1563 was appointed a governor to Yuriev Livonsky (now Tartu), which meant a link similar to the one that was subjected to Earlier, the chapter of the "Selected Rada" A. F. Adashev (directed shortly before death by the governor in Fellin (Wilian, now Viljandi)). Boyarin M. Morozova's package to Yuryevskoe governance in 1564. The associates of Kurbsky T. Tetherin and M. Saryhozin were also considered as a punishment in his letter to M. I Morozov, written in Volmar, probably with the participation of Kourbi (see: Skidniknikov R. G.. The kingdom of terror. St. Petersburg., 1992. P. 47-48). The Kurbsky mentioned his troubles and missticks, the ears of the Pskov-Pechersk Monastery of the Pskov-Pechersk Monastery Vasian Muromsev, written in Yuryev, even before the escape: "... Paka is attack and blas from Babylon (i.e. Ivan IV) on us boiled Many begin "(see the present ed.). The presence of many "modified affairs" from Kurbsky recognized the King Ivan himself, which was reflected in his correspondence with Kurbansky and in monuments of diplomatic relations between Russia with Poland. In the Message of 1564, Ivan Grozny denied his intention to execute Kurbsky, stating that he fled, having risen the false "renunciation of mortality", which he received from his friends "Zlodian Little Lit." At the same time, the king recognized that he was very dissatisfied with Kurbsky and angry at him. Kurbsky in his third message to the king wrote: "There is no one who the killer himself does not run the killer for a killer himself." The foundations of Kurbsky were, of course, not groundless: In 1579, Ivan Grozny in the message to Stephana, the Bator's Battoore was written without obsolenikov that Kurbsky was excused, which wanted our death, and we were Evo Syzatiray, Hotѣi Evo Kaznithi "(see NAS. ed.).

P. sixteen. AND per beneficia my rejected mi. eCU. zlaa, and per beloved my - irreconcilable adultѣ st. - Cf. PS. 108, 3-5; 37, 20-21; 34, 12; Life. 44, 4; Ierme. 18, 20. The order of words of the commented passage exactly corresponds to the order of the word passage only in the list Odr., No. 197 and in the list Q. IV, No. 280, in all other well-known lists of the First Message of the Kourbi 1st Editor, the order of words in this text is different (see: Morozov B.. N.. 1) The first message of the Kurban Ivan Grozny in the collection ... pp. 285-286; 2) The first message of the Kourbian Ivan Grozny in the library ... pp. 485). The text "For the goodwill, my evil, and for your beloved, my own hatred is also read in the message (" complaint ") of the Kamenets-Podolsky monk Isaiah His Nefrup Greek Metropolitan Joasaf, the proximity of this text to the passage of the list of the Message of Kurbsky from the Assembly Odr., No. 197 American scientist E. Kenin considered one of the main evidence of the proximity of the list Odr., No. 197 to the Archetype of the Message of Kurbsky (see: Keenan. E.. L.. The Kurbskii- Groznyi Apocrypha. The Sevententh - Century Genesis of the "Correspondence" attributed to Prince A. M. Kurbskii and Tsar Ivan IV. Cambridge, Mass., 1971. P. 28-29, 154). The newly published here is the earliest list of the Messages of Kurbsky testifies in favor of E. Kinana's opinion. The textual interconnection of these passages of passages from Kurbansky and Inok Isaia is undoubted the textual relationship of these scientists. The texts of the Message of the Kourbsky and "Complaints" of Isaiah, in addition to the general order of words in this passage, brings together with each other and the presence of a common epithet "irreconcilable" before the word "hatred", for this epithet in the similar biblical text.

Blood my, yako water spratic per drag, crypts on the drag God mine.. - cf. Life. 4, 9; PS. 78, 3. The text close to this passage is revealed again in the "complaint" of the Kamenets-Podolsky monk Isaiah (see: Keenan. E.. L.. The Kurbskii-Groznyi Apocrypha. P. 28-29, 154), However, if Kurbsky had all the proper grounds to write in his message to the king about the blood sheds, then Ink Isaiah, obviously, could not write like that, and this circumstance, as fairly noted in the scientific literature, says On the explicit secondaryness of the text of the "complaint" of Isaiah compared with the Message of Kurbsky (see: Andreev N. E. Imaginary theme. On Specs E. Kinana // New Jork (The New Rewiev). New York, 1972. № 109. With . 270-271).

God - hearts viewer: in mindѣ my shelterѣ jN oddshlyah... and not nidoch in than before you to blame and schreshivsha. - The expression "God - hearts of the viewer" dates back to the biblical text (Wed 1 of the Tsar. 16, 7). There is a similar to the text of the Message to the Kourba expression in the Volmar letter T. Tetherin and M. Saryhozin Boyarina M. Ya. Morozov: "... and that, the sovereign, the hearts of the audience, Vain God. He boats there all the guilt and the board of heart "(the messages of Ivan the Terrible. P. 537). The reflection of the biblical text can be found in the writings of the famous Russian publicist of the XVI century. Hegumen Joseph Volotsky, who in one of his messages wrote that "the terrible and all-seeing eye of the heavenly king of all the people of the heart of the hearts and the thinking of the weight" (the messages of Joseph Volotsky / Premotion. Texts A. A. Zimin and Ya. S. Lurie. M. ; L., 1959. P. 184). E. Kenin noted the presence of a similar passage and in the "complaint" of Kamenets-Podolsky Inoca Isaiai, the textologically most coincident with the above-mentioned text of Kurbsky ( Keenan. E.. L.. The Kurbskii-Groznyi Apocrypha. P. 28-29). Available in the commented Passage of the Message of Kurbsky reading "before you" is more logical and consistent, judging by the context than reading "before it", which is available at Isaiah (see: Zimin A.. BUT. The first message Kurbskyivano Grozny ... P. 190). Together with stamps, we should be: in the commented passage of the Message of the Kourba, the expression "guilty and sinchish" is not in other well-known lists of this message. The exception is only a list Q. IV, No. 280, where it is reading, and the list Odr., No. 197, where this reading is transferred as "to blame and trimmed" (Correspondence of Ivan Grozny with Andrei Kurbsky. S. 353. L. 6 about., Misc. r). All this again speaks of much intimacy of the published list with the list. Odr., No. 197 and the list Q. IV, No. 280 (example was not marked by B. N. Morozov). In the "complaint" of the Kamenets-Podolsky monk Isaiai with the word of the message of the Kourbi "to blame" the word "Wanthen" corresponds to (see: Abramovich. AND. To the literary activities of Mnich Camianchanina Isaiah // Monuments of ancient writing and art. SPB., 1913. Vol. 181. P. 7). From this example, the primacy of the published text of the Message of Kurbsky is visible, equally as the text of the list Odr., № 197 and List Q. IV, No. 280.

Fore army yours changing and easic... breaky many pots and we arepѣ niy... - Kurbsky from an early age was in military service. In 1549, he is a member of the campaign to Kazan in the rank of Esoula, A on August 13, 1550, he is appointed by a governor to Prisch. From these times, Kurbsky is constantly carrying carels in the Voivodskaya ranks. Detailed and vivid coverage of their military activities during a victorious campaign to Kazan Khanate in 1552 and in the initial period of the Livonian War of the KN. Andrei left on the pages of his "history" (see the present. Ed.).

... yako few and gorzhea me v.ѣ h.... "We are talking about Mother of Prince Andrei Kurbsky, who was the daughter of the rally M. V. Tuchkov, who received a shortly before January 1533. Boyarsky Chin (see: 3 imin BUT. BUT. The formation of a boyars aristocracy in Russia in the second half of the XV-first third of the XVI century. M., 1988. P. 240). After the flight of Prince Andrei in Lithuania, his mother was thrown by Ivan Grozny to prison, where he died. The Mother of Kurbsky was relative to the queen Anastasia Romanovna. See about this comment. By the Third Epistle of the Kourba Ivan Grozny (Nadr. Ed.).

... and wives moey. not picks... - We are talking about the first wife of Prince Andrei Kurbsky Princess Evphrosini Kurbskaya. In marriage with Prince Andrei Kurbsky, she came, obviously, about 1553 had from the Kurban Minor Son, unknown by us by name. During the stay of Kurbski in Yuryevskiy princess, Princess Efrosignia was in Livonia. Preserved the legendary story of the Latukhinian power book, as Prince Andrei on the eve of his escape from Yuryev came to say goodbye to his wife (see: Untherated N.. The legends of Prince Kurbsky. St. Petersburg., 1868. S. XV). Kurbsky did not take his wife with him, obviously, because of her pregnancy, what we know from the reports of the Livonian Chronicist F. Nienstedt (see: Collection of materials and articles on the history of the Baltic region. Riga, 1883. T. 46 ). According to German-Okrichnik, the city of Staden, Kurbsky fled to Lithuania to King Sigismund-August, pre-attached his wife and children (see: Staden G.. About Moscow Ivan Grozny. Note of the German-Oprichnik / Per. I. I. Polosina. L., 1925. P. 87). After the flight of Kurbsky abroad, Princess Euphrosinia, together with the juvenile son and mother-in-law, were thrown by Ivan Grozny in the dungeon, where they died (see Nadr. Ed.). The name of the princess Evphrosiny Kourbaya was recorded in the feed books of the Yaroslavl Savior-Preobrazhensky Monastery, where the "food" was arranged twice a year to the year - on June 10, "on Her Pressing" and June 19, obviously for a birthday (see: Historical acts of Yaroslavsky Spassky Monastery. Supplement. Feed book. M., 1896. P. 25).

... pupil bye ranami from barbarian hand in valid battles, crushed same wounds all t.ѣ lo my themѣ yu. - The testimony of Kurbsky about their numerous wounds during various combat battles is confirmed by historical sources. One of the wounds of Kurbsky received in the battle under Tula with the troops of the Crimean Tatars in June 1552, when he was severely injured in the head and other parts of the body. Another very serious injury to Kurbsky received during the assault of Kazan on October 2, 1552, when he, strongly chopped by Tatar sabers, fell into the wrongness to the ground along with his battle horse (see: PSRL. M., 1965. T. 29. P. 203, as well as the present. ed.). Another well-known wound of Kurbsky occurred under the impellence in 1562 during the battle with the Poles (see Nas. Ed.). Perhaps Kurbsky was injured in other military battles.

... sunѣ m. sim mtzovozdaitel, and not tokmo sim, but and per bowl. student water. - Kurbsky has in mind the words from the Gospel (MF. 10, 42) that the one who will make at least a small business - turns to anyone "bowl of the student of water," will not remain without the "MZDA" (awards); Therefore, he hopes to get a reward from God for his "Rattry". This gospel plot about the reward of the god of Mzda even for the bowl of the student of the Water Kourby later used in his "story about the Grand Duza Moskovsky", where he, speaking of "newly elected martyrs" Ivan Grozny noticed: "Hardly Christ will not reward them and will not decorate the crowns. Martyrs such, Lodge, and for the bowl of studuy waters gave the MZDU? " (See the present ed.). Used by Kurban in the commented passage, the term "Mzvozdaitel" goes back to the Apostolic text, which says that Christ believers in it "and the recovery of his Mazovozdator happens" (Heb. II, 6). Parallels to the word "Mzovozdaitel" are also in the Apocalypse of John the Bogoslov (see apoc. 22, 12). The contemporary and teacher of Kourbsky Maxim Greek in his writings called Christ "the richest Mzovozdavdava" (see: the essays of Maxim Grek. Kazan, 1859. Part 2. P. 411). The theme of the Gospel plot about the Mzvozdayania and about the bowl of the student of the water finds his noticeable reflection and in the words of John of Zlatoust, including those who were placed in the "Books, Glagolem of Paradise" received by Kurbsky from the elder of the Pskovo-Pechersk Monastery of Vasyan Muromtsev upon arrival Its in Yuriev Livonsky for the governor in 1563 (see: Kalugin IN. IN. Andrei Kurbsky and Ivan Grozny: (Theoretical views and literary techniques of the ancient Russian writer). M., 1998. P. 25). Thus, Kurbsky could assimilate this theme about the "Mzvozdator" of Christ and about the "bowl of water" from a variety of sources, including from biblical, which is generally characteristic of his literary manner. The American scientist E. Keanan discovered interesting texture parallels between the message of Kourbsky and the "plan" of the Kamenets-Podolsky monk Isaiai in the passage mentioned above. Based on the undoubted similarity of these texts, E. Keanin concluded that the message of Kurbsky had its source the text "crying" Isaiah, written in 1566, and this circumstance makes the dating of the Message of the Kurbsky 1564. Impossible (see: Keenan. E.. L.. KURBSKII-GROZNYI APOCRYPHA. P. 22-26, 197, N. sixteen). Contrary to the opinion of some authors, the text of Kurbsky in the commentated passage is more consistent and understandable than in the "crying" of Isaiah. Kurbsky hopes to get MZD for their good things. The Kamenets-Podolsky monk sharpened to the Rostov prison also hopes to get MZD, but he has a completely different context. Isaiah writes in his "crying": "Tea Death, seemingly thinking. Lie a speculator sword, I'm changing, and Wsyim Sim Mzzozdatar Christ, the true God of our, and not Tokmo Sim, but also for the bowl of studuy water: rejoicing the recruitment of everyone who westing to God, in whitly the rescue ... "(see: Abramovich D.. AND. To the literary activities of Mnich Kamyanchanina Isaiah. P. 7). The meaning of the text in Isaiah is undoubtedly there, but it is not so clear and understandable, like Kurbsky. One of the most likely understanding of this text is that the Isaiah prisoner in a suicide waiting prevents immortality and is inclined to consider the coming sword of the execution of the equivalent pledge of salvation in the sky. So, the context of the above passage in the "crying" of Isaiah is completely different and not as clear as Kurbsky in the message, and therefore it is obvious that this text of Isaiah could not be a literary source for Kurbsky. The literary sources of Kurbsky were enough without "crying" Isaiah.

... before days Strashnago ships... - The terrible court - according to Christian verbation, the court over alive and dead people, which will happen after the end of the world during the second coming of the Son of God's Jesus Christ. After that, the righteous trials will receive eternal life in heaven, and the sinners will be convicted of eternal flour in hell (see: MF. 25, 31-46; in. 5, 28-29).

... prince Fedora Rostislavich... - This refers to the ancestor of Prince A. M. Kourbsky Smolensk Prince Fedor Rostislavich, who received in the Dowan to Yaroslavl Principality in 1294 in 1463. This prince was canonized by Yaroslavl princes and the church as a holy. Subsequently, when the Yaroslavl principality became part of the Russian centralized state, Prince Fyodor Rostislavich became a communal saint.

... dead and beaten from you nonwinal and sharpened and planned without truth. - The speech again comes to the unplanned opals of the "elected glad" who began after the fall of the "Selected Rada", which are not relying on a trial, based on the "Pravda", that is, the law.

... sMAѣ chenia tooby. w. throne ford Vladychnya, reseller on the drag wish... God crying on the drag day and nosti.! - Kurbsky uses biblical texts here, hinting the king Ivan IV on the harsh God's Retribution, which is inevitably waiting for tormentors for spilled blood and reinforced lawlessness (Wed. Lux 18, 6-8; W. 32, 43; apoc. 6, 9; ps . 9, 13; 17, 48; 37, 20; 57, 11; 78, 10, et al.; See this: Rykov YU. D.. On the issue of sources ... p. 239). In the manuscript over the string over the word "Lady" it is written "Lord".

... pouring aggelsky form... - "Angel way" in Russia for a long time allegorically called monasticism. Kurbsky means here, in all likelihood, a violent break into the monks by order of Ivan IV of such persons, like Boyarin Prince D. I. Kurlyatev, members of his family and the Streetsky head T. I. TEterin; The violent tonsure of the monks contradicted the principle of voluntary adoption of the monochetic rank (see the present. Publishing House and comments. To him).

... childhood naughty page same Crown zheretsov d.ѣ envy. - Kronos - according to Greek mythology, bloodthirsty titanium, having fashioned his children. He was the father of the Supreme Olympic Divine of Zeus. "Porshi Kronov" are servants of the Kronos. In the commented passage, it is obviously about the new royal approximate, which with the help of their children lick the body and soul of the king. One of these "destroyers" was obviously influential boyar A. D. Basmanov, whose son Fedor consisted in unnatural love relatives with the king, thanks to which Fedor had the opportunity to bring "all under the wrath of Tirana" (see: New News of Russia Ivan the Terrible. Talk Albert Schlichting / Per. A. I. Maleina. L., 1934. S. 17; SR. Gvagini Alexander. Description of Muscovia / Per. From Lat., Introductory article and comment. G. G. Kozlova. M ., 1997. P. 97; Staden Henry. About Moscow Ivan Grozny. P. 96). One of the victims of the beloved king F. A. Basmanov was the young governor Prince D. F. Ovchinin, who came from the noble boyars of the princes of Obolensky. This prince was strangled by Ivan IV's cops for the fact that he is "among the quarrels and bangs with Fedor, the son of Basmana ... I made it a dishonest act" (a new news about Russia of Ivan the Terrible. Delating Albert Schlichting. S. 17; Wed: Guardi Alexander. Description of Muscovy. P. 97).

Pisano in grad Vampѣ re... - Volmer, or Volmar (now Valmiera in Latvia) - the city in Livonia, who, together with the territory of Livonia, in 1561 passed under the power of Poland. In Volmera, Kurbsky was starting from the first numbers of May 1564, after his escape from Yuryev at night on April 30, 1564

... sovereign mine August Zhigmonta king, from hasha overѣ yusia lot gaiti was granted... milostia his state... - August Zhigmont - Polish King Sigismund II August (1520-1571), from 1548. Also the Grand Duke Lithuanian. Actively participated in the struggle for the Baltic States during the Livonian War, I achieved the transition of Livonia under the Program of Poland and Lithuania. He played an important role in the conclusion of the Lublin Unce of 1569, which led to the formation of a single Polish-Lithuanian state - Commonwealth. He was the last representative of the Yagellon Dynasty of the Yagellon Dynasty. "Nadezhda" Kourbsky for a rich award of his king by Sigismund II Augustus "His state" was by no means groundless. As established by the researchers, Kurbsky joined the secret correspondence with the Vitebsk Vojovier Prince N. Yu. Radziville and Panzheler E. Volovich. After receiving the consent of Kurbsky to switch to the service to King Sigizmundu II Augustus Lithuanian Hetman Prince N. Yu. Radziville sent to the Kourba diploma with promises of a decent content of him in Lithuania, after this was sent to Kurban and royal diploma with the promise to him land (see Read more: Skidniknikov R. G.. The kingdom of terror. P. 183-185). Already on July 4, 1564, King Sigismund II, Augustus fulfilled his promise and generously complained to Kurbsky for the maintenance of the city of Kovel with rich meal lands on Volyn, as well as extensive estates in Lithuania instead of the Yaroslavl lands lost in the homeland. Later, February 25, 1567, Kovel and Kovel Lands were approved for the Kurban and his male offspring of law forever as a reward for the Valiant Service of Kurbsky in the ranks of the Polish army who fought with Ivan IV troops (see: Untherated N.. The legends of Prince Kurbsky. St. Petersburg., 1868. S. XVI-XVII). So came true "Nadezhda" Kurbsky for a rich award of his new "sovereign".

P. eighteen. AND hears from sacred scriptures, at first from devil pushten life... bogobornago Antichrist. .. - Antichrist literally with Greek means an opponent of Christ. According to biblical legends, the Antichrist must appear immediately before the second coming of Christ and a terrible court; He will fight with true Christ and destroy Christians, but then will die the terrible death from God. With a special completeness, the appearance of a sensual antichrist is described in the apocalypse of the apostle and the evangelist John the Bogoslov.

... viewѣ h. same now single, sunѣ m. inѣ at home... aki. soggle d.ѣ scrap Antichrist... - I mention in this passage of some "Singleta", that is, the royal boyar, or an adviser, who like an anti-Christian born "from the ownership" and who, through his philanthropy of a false nature, shed many Christian blood to the royal ears and destroyed the "power to Israel", Kurbsky, Obviously, reiterates the king that the arrival of the antichrist and the terrible court is already close. According to biblical ideas, many antichrist will appear in the "last times", that is, people who deny true God, who are similar to the Antichrist (see 1 in. 2, 18). "Singlet", called Kurbski in this passage, is one of the predecessors of the biblical antichrist, who is similar to him. Kurbsky does not call a specific immen of this "singlet", since he "VMD in Russia" in Russia. At one time, N. G. Ustortyov suggested that under the anonymous "singlet", it seems, it seems that the "royal favorite of that time", F. A. Basmanov, who was "famous for the courage of the commander, but was hated by the people like an worst scarlet" ( Untherated N.. The legends of Prince Kurbsky. P. 340). More believable, the opinion of R. G. Skrynnikov, according to which, under illegitimate one, it means well-known boyar A. D. Basmanov, one of the initiators and managers of the future Tsarist Okrichnin (see: Skidniknikov R. G.. The kingdom of terror. P. 178). In addition, R. G. Skynnikov can additionally note that the Kourbi himself later wrote about Boyarov A. D. Basmanov, that he was the "Preslav's Pandicker" or "Manyak" and the "destroyer" of the king and the whole "Svyatarus Earth. According to Kurbsky, Boyarin A. D. Basmanov subsequently was slaughtered by his son Fyodor, and in this regard, Kurbsky stresses with sarcasm: "That the brethren was prevented, then soon it was tastefully!" (See the present ed.). It seems that these words of Kurbsky are well linked with the characteristic of the Single, who spoils "Sulk in Israel", which is given in the commentated passage, and confirm the likelihood of the assumption of R. G. Skinnikov.

... not hargin thus potakati... - In the list of the handwritten department of the library of the Moscow chief archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, No. 461/929 This passage is read as "not very good to read." In other lists of the second type of the first group of the Message of the first edition, which includes lists Odr., No. 197 and the handwritten department of the library Mgamid, No. 461/929, contains reading "not hard to read." Special reading gives only a list from the Assembly of A. I. Khludova, No. 246, where this passage looks like this: "It is not for you to have such a pan, but this reading is probably the right to some list of the message of the second group type of the meeting list Handwritten department library Mgamid, № 352/801 (See: Correspondence of Ivan Grozny with Andrei Kurbsky. S. 355. L. 8 OBR., DISABLE. P-P). In the published list, because of the paper break, only "not ... Takati" has been preserved. Last reading can be allegedly restored by meaning as "not much pleasant to Potakati, and this reading is characteristic of the text of the lists of the Message of the Courbian second edition (see: Correspondence Ivan Grozny with Andrei Kurbsky. S. 11).

IN law Lord first pisano: "Moavitin, and amanitin, and choose before ten godov in church God not enters... - cf. W 23, 1-3. Moavitin and Ammonitin are residents of Moab and Ammona, the most ancient states of the Middle East of the II-I Millennium BC. E. located in the Dead Sea area. The people of the Moavityan and the state of Moab were the son of Biblical Lot Moab, born from the Blood Navigation of the Lot with his older daughter. The Amponity and Amon Ammonian state was another son of Biblical Lot Ben-Amme, born from the Blood Navigation of the Lot with his younger daughter. The commented passage was inserted into the text of the Message of Kurbsky, obviously, with the aim of reinforcing the validity of the sayings of Prince Andrei that "not nasty" Ivan IV "Pot" cases of unimagnorate Velmazby, which he could consider "Single" A. D. Basmanova (see : Skidniknikov R. G.. The kingdom of terror. Pp. 178, as well as comments. above). The American scientist E. Kinan noted that the text of the above passage of the Message of Kurbsky has a "striking similarity" with the message of Prince S. I. Shakhovsky to the king of Mikhail Fedorovich, written in connection with the alleged marriage of his daughter, Irina Tsarevna (see: Kritika. Cambridge, Mass ., 1973. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 21). According to the famous opinion of E. Kinana, Prince S. I. Shakhovskaya is the most likely author of the first message of the Karbsky king Ivan Grozny (see: Keenan. E.. L.. 1) KURBSKII-GROZNYI APOCRYPHA. P. 31-45, 73-76; 2) Kritika. Cambridge, Mass., 1973. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 21). The published list of the Messages of Kurbsky, dated the end of the XVI century, completely removes the problem of the estimated E. Kinan's authorship of Prince S. I. Shakhovsky with its antiquity, for at the end of the XVI century. Prince Semyon was too small to be a writer.

The first Message of the Kurban Ivan Grozny

Mr. of the Kourbi King Sovereign from Lithuania

The king, from God is declared, in the same place in Orthodoxy, it seems to be a sin, the now sin for our resist. Sorrowful yes, of course, the conscience will learn from Imusche, Jakov, nor in godless pagies are gaining. And Bolshaya Globolati about everything in a number of people do not drink my tongue, but the persecution of the sake of ingloriouslyzago from the powers and from many sorrow hearts I focus on a little extension, about the king.

By mail, the king, the power of Israel broke the enemy, and the governor of the god of data on the enemies of your own, various deaths were terminated by the victorious holy blood of them in the churches of God sheds, and the martyr's blood of Prague church Obagryl, and on good and soul For those who believes unheard of torments from a century, and death and chain intenting, treasure and sorcerers and other events, inflaming the Orthodox and thoroughly with diligence in the darkness of Pragagati and the sweet bitterness of the name? What guessed before you and what did Kristanian Presents predicted? Do not the prejudge of the kingdoms ruined and handled them in everything created, they were previously our forefathers? Do not preferably hare of Ermansky's care of them from God you give you a blessed? Do we, poor, rejoice, urgently growing us? Ali you are sample, the king is imbued, and in the incandeful heresy, Aki is not although there is already an imperceptible ship, the hope of Christian, the Bogonachable Isus, who, who, who, judge the settlement, in the truth, not to rummage the prejudicity of the persecutor and to tidy them to the Vlas of the Similarity. The words verb. He is Christ's Christ, herself on the throne of the cherubsystem of the Odessa Majesty in Alti, is a conviction between you and me.

Which evil and persecution from you will not undergo! And koie the troubles and misfortunes on me did not accept the Esu! And koi shy and betray on me did not fit the ESI! And all the involvement of Miya from Tobe of various misfortunes for a number, for many of them, I can't say, I'm still harsh, my soul is already soul. But together the whole river is the Cathone: everything is deprived of the Earth and from the Earth of God to the Tune extinguished. And I gave me an evil WHO good and for his beloved, in an indiscer hatred. And my blood, Into the water spilled behind the stage, shines to my God for God. God - the hearts of the spectator - in the mind of my diligence, the skeletons and the conscience of my witness delivered, and claims, and zrech, mentally addressed, and do not have a naughty, and not a niol. Before the army of your kids and the parieties and Nico, you happiness, but the departure of the victory of Victory will help the agghel of the Lord in the glory of your supplies, and I will never regree your ridge to Cheeze Cups, but the worst of writhing on the praise to you. And this is not in a single summer, nor in the two, but in satisfied lecthers, many sweats and patience, Iko little and the birth of Merya Zrech, and wives are not visiting, and the fatherland of their partition, but always in the Far Bald Hoodies of your opposites and your militias and Prederpevs Natural Diseases, the Lord of My Isus Christ is the witness, there is a lot of wounds from barbaric hands and various battles and crushed the whole body already by the wounds. But you, king, all this is not in anything.

But SHEHEX solve all about the rolling of my affairs, they made your praise on the praise, but this is not an urban, while Lugchi is the god of the news. He is Bo, God, there is a SIM MJSC and not Tokmo Sim, but for Cholyasu, student water. And yet, the king, which is sure that: no longer pricker, Many, my face before the days of the judgment of the court. And not mnome silent about this; Until the days of the conchion of my belly, I will be latchless with tears of the faces of the prebate trinity, I believe in the same, and I urge to help Cheruvimskago Lord Mother, I hope my and the intercession, master of the Virgin and all the saints, chosen God, and the sovereign of my prince Fedor Rostislavich.

Not mni, the king, nor think of us with drying thought, the aks of those who have already fallen and those who are uncomplicated, and sharpened, and the truth replaced. Do not rejoice about the Sea, Aki defeating the skinny pushing: spread from you, the throne of the Lord standing, resentment to the hell is asked, sharpened and pronounced from you the truth from the earth to God screaming day and shop on the way! Through it and TMAMi praise in pride in the crucidated sector of the century, Umamynyukha on the Cry of Christian sanguating vessels, and the agghel image, and the approval of your boyar, the desire and the bodies, and the body, and their own Page crown priests act. And about this even still. And the writer, tears, washed, in the coffin with his own behalf, to invest, coming with you to the court of God of my Isus. Amen.

It was written in the city of the sovereign of the sovereign of my August of the Zhigmont of the King, from him, he was noted a lot of gap to life and comforted from all the sorrels of my, the wiseness of his state-daria, and the god of God helps.

I hears from the sacred scriptures, whoever, from the devil is flew to visit the genus of Christian scribe, from fornicing the Bogobornago Antichrist, and the types of Singklit, to all the knowledge, Yako from the ownership is born, the false king whispering the false king and pours crystyanskaya, IKO water, And wondered already strong in Israel, Aki is an antichrist, you are not very good for you to have such a Potaknik, about the king! In Savony, the Lord in the first written: "Moavitin, and ammonitine, and the churches up to ten giving birth to the Church of God are not included." And having fun.

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From the book Collected Works. T.26. From the collections: "Hike", "New Hike", "True marching", "mixture". Letters author Zola Emil

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From the book such a way to understand Author Lurie Samuel Aronovich

Ivan Turgenev Paris, June 29, 1874. Theroga Turgenev! Heshe thank you for your touching care for my affairs. Of course, I am delighted with the suggestions that you are doing on behalf of the magazine editor. I informed GG. Chartier about your letter.

From the book a fabricated Jesus by Evans Craig

Ivan Turgenev Medan, October 25, 1882. Therched friend! Your letter was extremely pleased: I was told that your health is better, now this kind of good news confirmed. Once the twenty I was going to visit you, but the fear of you to tire and, you must confess, tense rhythm

Almighty and Almighty Handspit of the Lord God and the Savior of our Jesus Christ, holding all the ends of the Earth, who worship and whom Slavs, together with his father and the Holy Spirit, made his grace, humble and unworthy to his slaves, to keep the Scepter of the Russian Kingdom, from His Horugvi's Almighty Dandy Table So We write, Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich All Russia, Vladimirsky, Moscow, Novgorodsky, King Kazansky, King Astrakhan, Sovereign, Pocal and Grand Prince Smolensky, Tverskaya, Yugorsky, Perm, Vyatsky, Bulgarian and other , Sovereign and Grand Prince of Nizhny Novgorod, Chernigovsky, Ryazan, Polotsky, Kondinsky and the entire Siberian land and the Northern Country of the Lord - the former of our boyar and the governor to Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky.

With humility I remind you of the prince: see how to our sins and especially to my lawlessness, exceeded Manassey's lawlessness, although I did not retreat from faith, condescending God's Majesty in anticipation of my repentance. And I have no doubt about the Mercy of the Creator, who will bring me salvation, because God says in the Holy Gospel, which is more rejoicing about one repentant than about ninety-nine righteous; The same says in the parable of sheep and drachmas. For, if my sealess sandless sand is numerous, I still hope for the grace of the wretchedness of God - maybe the Lord in the sea of \u200b\u200bmy grace sink my lawlessness. So now the Lord pardon me, the sinner, the harmnik and the tormentor, and the amalik and Maksenia alvealing his own cross. And no military trick is needed for the coming crusader Khorugvi, which knows not only Russia, but also the Germans, Lithuanians, and Tatars, and many nations. You ask themselves and find out, I do not want to list these victories to you, for not mine they are, but God's. You will remind you only something from a lot, for for the ukrizna, which you wrote to me, I already answered with all the truth; Now I will remind a little from a lot. Remember what was said in the book of Job: "went around the land and go through the universe"; So you and the Pop Sylvester, and Alexey Adshev, and with all their parents they wanted to see their entire Russian land under their feet, but God gives the power to whom he wants.

You wrote that I was raised by the mind, as you will not meet and incorrect. I put you the judge myself between me and you: Are you crushed by mind or I wanted to dominate you, and you didn't want to be under my power and I was angry with you? Or are you crushed, who not only did not want to obey me and obey me, but they owned me, seized my power and ruled, as they wanted, but I was eliminated from power: I was a sovereign in words, but in fact I did not own anything. How many misfortunes I suffered from you, how many insults, how much offensive and reproaches? And for what? What is my before the first wines? Who did it insult? .. And the better I was Kurlyate? His daughters buy all sorts of decorations, it is blessed and good, and my daughters are cognac and for rest. There was a lot. How much I had Bay from you - do not drink.

And with my wife, why did you give me me? I would not take me from my young wife, there would be no crown victims. And if you say that I did not bother after that and did not keep clean, because we are all people. And why did you take a shooting wife? And if you, with Pop, did not rebel to me, nothing would happen: all this happened because of your digestiveness. Why did you want Prince Vladimir to put on the throne, and I will destroy me with children? Did I kidnap the throne go captured him through war and bloodshed? According to God's Decision from birth, I was intended for the kingdom; And I do not remember how my father blessed me to the state; At the royal throne and grew. And by the prince of Vladimir, why should the state should be a sovereign? He is the son of the fourth specific prince. What are his advantages, what is his hereditary right to be a state truck, except for your treason and his nonsense? What is my wines in front of him? .. And you imagine that you have all the Russian earth under your feet, but in God's will wisdom wisdom turned out to be vain. That's for the sake of this, I fired my feather to write you. After all, you said: "There are no people in Russia, no one to defend", - but now you are not; Who today conquers the shortest German fortresses? .. The German cities are not waiting for a paranagious fight, but they decline their heads before the strength of the life-giving cross! And where is accidentally for sins, our phenomena of the life-giving cross was not, there was a fight. Many people are released: ask them, learn.

You wrote to us, remembering our insults that we were sent to the Dalvanokal cities as if we were sent to the punishment, so now we, I have not regrets our secility, and further than your Dalvanokal cities, thank God, our horses went down on all your roads - from Lithuania and in Lithuania, and walking, and the water in all those places drank, now Lithuania will not dare to say that there were no legs everywhere of our horses. And there, where you hoped to calm down from all our works, in Volmer. Your God brought us on the rest of us: they overtake you, and you drove out more.

So, we wrote to you only a little of a lot. Raid himself, how and that you have done, for which the great God's Providence paid our mercy, the regulation that you have done. Look inside yourself and yourself open up! God sees that we wrote it to you not from pride or arrogance, to remind you of the need for correction so that you think about the salvation of your soul.

It is written in our hemp. Livonian land, in the city of Volmera, in 7086 (in 1577 - approx. Per.) At the 43rd year of our rule, on the 31st year of our Russian kingdom, 25-M - Kazansky, 24- M - Astrakhansky.

Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky became especially famous when taking Kazan. Even earlier, he showed his courage, reflecting the Tatars from the Russian Southern Ukraine; Despite the wounds, the Kurban tirelessly fought under Kazan and there was a lot of help to take her and the extermination of Tatar troops. The king appreciated the military valor of Kourby. When in the Livonian war, the affairs of Russians were taken by a thin turnover and Russian troops were knocked out, the king called him and said:

- Forced I or myself to go against the liflants, or you, my beloved, send, "Let my army be erected" again. Go and with God's assistance to me rightly.

Not in vain, the king hoped for the courage and military art of Kurbsky: he won eight victories over the knights in two months and defeated the Lionia. Until 1563, Kurbansky served flawlessly and valiantly to King and Fatherland, but this year the case has changed. In one case, Kurbsky was not fortunate enough: under the nurse, he lost the battle, although he had much more troops than the enemy. There is a setback of this king, and he was mentioned by an angry word ... Kurbsky's friends informed him about it. He also knew about the change in the king, about the laid execution, about the hate of the king to the Boyars and deeply grief. One after another in Moscow from the royal anger, people close to Kurbansky, Boyar, famous, providing great services to the king; And here is the queue for him ... Lee for the thirty-fifth year of life, full forces and hopes, already famous victories, an educated Russian boyar, to die in fragile death on the plate? Does he, Kurbsky, the descendant of Vladimir Monomakh, who does not see any misdeed, suffer from the anger of the king, surrounded by contemptional headphones, ready to black all honest people? Such questions could easily appear at Kurbsky. He could remember him and the old right of not only famous princes, but even simple warriors to move on their own request to the service from one Russian prince to another. And the Polish king, he is also the Grand Duke Lithuanian and Russian (according to the south-western Russian regions), has already sent a callous sheets with Moscow Boyars, promising them the royal affection and the driving living in their state. Some have already moved to the service in Lithuania.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe shameful execution after so many merit was indignant to Kurbsky, and it seems to live, he still really wanted.

"What do you want," he asked his wife, "Is it dead to see me dead or alive forever to part?"

- Not only to see you dead, but I do not want to listen to your death! - answered Kurbsky's wife.

Pouring bitter tears, said Kurbsky with his wife and son. Thai, at night, walking through the city wall (the cities of Derpta, where he was at that time a governor). Here, in the field, I was waiting for his faithful servant Vasily Shibanov with horses, and Kurbsky, together with her hob, rowed to the city of Volmar, busy at the time by Lithuanians. The enemies of Moscow tremed the treason of the famous Russian governor.

But he hardly rejoiced himself ... He fled from a shameful death, but the shame of betrayal followed him on his heels! Shame, grief and hatred for someone who prompted him to dismiss himself treason, pressed Kurbsky. He passionately wanted to pour out his feelings, to say the king of the bitter truth that no one would dare to tell him in his face, disrupt his heart ...

And the Kurbsky writes a letter to Ivan Vasilyevich, full of bitter injuries. The faithful Kurbani Holop, Vasily Shibanov, ready to serve even the pleasures of her beloved Mr., took the letter to Moscow, filed him on the red porch to the most king and said:

- From Mr. My, your exile, Prince Kurbsky!

The king in the fit of a terrible anger, according to legend, hit her pointed staff in the leg of Shibanov and struck her. Blood was appaped from the wound from him, but he did not even change in his face and stood real estate, and the king was left to his staff and ordered to read a letter ...

The first Message of the Kurban Ivan Grozny

"King, from God to the declared, ledger before in Orthodoxy, and now for our sins an opponent's opponent. Yes, of course, of course, of course, who has the conscience, which is not even found among the godless peoples! "

So the letter of Kurbsky begins.

For what on your kindness, your soul believes that you intent the unheard of torment and persecution, falsely accusing them in treasures and sorcers? .. What did they have before you, about the king? What did you prejudice? Are they not the prejects of kingdoms ruined and their courage and courage conquered you those who have before our ancestors in slavery? Whether they didn't get them intelligible to you by the shortest cities of Germanic (Livonian)? Do we poorly reward yours, what are you ruining us with whole childbirth? Is it not immortal to himself, king, you think? Do you feel unprecedented heresy, don't you think that you do not have to appear and appear before an incorruptible judgment, Jesus Christ? .. He, Christ, who is sitting on the throne Cheruvim, will be a judge between you and me!

What is just evil I did not suffer! - continues Kurbsky. - For the good things, mine you gave me evil, for my love - I hate! My blood, like water shed for you, scines for you to the Lord! God witness, I diligently pondered, I was looking for myself in my mind and did not find my guilt and I don't know what I was sinned before you. I walked before your army and did not cause you any dishonor, only the glorious victories, with the help of the angel of the Lord, won to the glory to you ... And so not one year and not two, but for many years I worked in the sweat of the face, I worked with patience away From the fatherland, I saw little my parents, and my wife. In the distant cities against my enemies, they struggled, many needs suffered and illness ... Many times was injured in battles, and my body was already crushed with ulcers. But for you, the king, all this does not mean anything, and you are "unbearable rage and the shortest hatred, the sweeter of the subordinate furnace, we are to us.

I wanted to tell in order all my root cases, who made your glory, with the help of Christ; But I did not tell because God knows better than a person. God for all the MZODOWDER ... May you, the king, is announced by the Curba Grozny, - you will not see my face in this world. But do not think that I will be silent! To my death I will be incessantly shining with tears on you with the original Trinity ... Do not think, the king, that you are invincible, sharpened and expelled without truth, have already died finally, did not think of this as a victory. The Lord's established by the throne is standing, the observation is asked for you; The prisoners and the truth feeled with you without truth screens up to God and day, and night! ..

The letter is, "says in conclusion Kurbsky, - with tears, dying, dying, going to God to God, Jesus Christ, to the court with you, Velo put with him in the coffin."

The ratio of Terrible to the first letter of the Kourbi

It is clear how this Message of Kurbsky was to act on the king. One of the best governors of him, one of the reliable boyars changes him, moves to the enemies, boldly Cori him, his king, says that he has "leper conscience"! Treason Kurbsky and his letter, of course, was frightened even in the worst of the king's angry, even more strengthened his distrust of the boyars. To whom to believe from them, if Kourbi changed him and showed so many hostility?!

The king ordered Chibanov's torture to to withdraw all the details of the escape of Kurbsky, to find out his Dobrochildren and like-minded people in Moscow. Shibanov underwent terrible torture, but in the torment praised her lord and did not open anything. Such hardness and loyalty to the servant to their Mr. I was amazing everyone ...

Anger and anger, boiling in the soul of the king from the Ukrainians of Kurbsky, demanded outgoings; But the sacrifice escaped from the hands, only one thing remained - to donate the traitor to the word, and the king poured his feelings and thoughts in a huge message to Kurbsky. I had a lot of things here and caustic words, and bitter truth, and offensive in hand ... strongly, it can be seen, the heart of the king said, when he wrote his message: there is no connection here and thinking, what happens to someone who writes quietly, other Thoughts seem to be applied, others are repeated, in some places it is confusing; But from the message of the king is visible by his mind, and the readiness; His looks at the autocracy, at the royal duties, on the boyars ... That's why the letter is precious to history.

The first Message of Ivan the Terrible Kurbsky

The first Message of the Terrible Kurbsky begins very long entry: "God is our Trinity, Ince the first century, now there is a father and son and the Holy Spirit, below, I started to you, below the end, live about it and move the ESMA, they are also written by the kingdom The truth ... "Next, the entry of Grozny says:" The victorious chorugweh and cross are honest given to the first in the piety of the king Konstantin Great and his successors, all Orthodox kings and obstellites of Orthodoxy ... God's words all the Universe, like eagles, had ... Spark Piously reached the Russian kingdom: the autocraticness of God received the beginning from the Grand Duke Vladimir, who shifted the whole Russian land with the Holy baptism, and the Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh, who received the High Greek Honor of Alexander Nevsky, who defeated Godless Germans, And Dmitry's preoccupised Great Sovereign, who won the great victory over the godless agartians. The autocracy of the Avenger came to the Avenger, the grandfather of our grand sovereign Ivan, to the blissful memory of the father of our, the great sovereign of Vasily, the old hemp of the orders, reached us and the humble sceptorroduction of the Russian kingdom. We, - continues to Grozny, turning to Kurbsky, - they praised God for the prempting grace for us, who did not seek our hand to unreliable blood, because we didn't take anyone to the kingdoms, but by God's grace and the progenitor, and parents of their blessing as Born in royal dignity, they grew up, and reigned, they took their own, not someone else's ... "

After these words, which Ivan Grozny, obviously, wanted to show all the legality, the full strength and the greatness of his power, he turns to Kurbsky like this:

"Our Christian humble answer is the former first of the true Christian autocracy and our state a boyar and adviser and the governor, but now the oath of the canthawn and the detachment of Christianity and the enemies of his servant, the Kurbsky's Andrei Mikhailovich ...

Why, prince Karbsky, thinking to observe piety, do you rejected your soul? What do you give in return on her day of a terrible trial? If you also acquire the whole world, still the death will finally fall you! Why for the sake of the body ruined your soul? You were afraid of death on the false word of their friends, and all of them, like demons, putting the cross kissing, everywhere we placed the network, having overshadowed by our words and movements, thinking that we should be (sinless) as an obsolete, and therefore we glowed on us And the urbar ... From these demonic rumors, you filled with rage on me, as a deadly snake poison, and the soul was killed and began to ruin the church of the church ... Or do you think the poverty that will be rebounded from this? In no way! If you have to fight with them (Lithuanians) to fight, then you will have to break the churches (Orthodox), and the icons will pour, and Christians are ruined. Where your hands do not bother to do this, then I will have a lot of malice with my thought (advice). Think by the same as in the enemy invasion, the delicate member of babies will be confused and trampled and extruded ... And here is your "malicious mind" by Herod fury in the beating of babies ...

You, for the sake of the body, ruined the soul ... We know the poor man, - exclaims the Terrible Kurbsky, - from what height and what kind of abyss you will be left! .. Is it a piety that you ruined your sake your sake for your pride? Reasonable people and there (in Lithuania) will understand that you, wanting the glory of fleeting and wealth, did it, and not from death fled. If you are righteous and pious, as you say, why was the widespread death, it's not death, and the acquisition? You will have to die anyway! You despised and the words of the Apostle Paul: "Every soul of the rules of the rulers will obey: there is no such rule, which is not a worn from God, - and therefore the opposing power of God is opposed. Looking and understanding: who opposes the authorities, that God opposed. " And who will oppose God, "Ivan Grozny believes," he is called the apostate, and this is a multiple sinning. This is said to the apostle about any power, which even produced blood and war. I remember the same above that we did not violence purchased the kingdom ... You also despised the words of the Apostle Paul, said elsewhere: "Slaves, listen to our Lords, not only before the eyes of their obeying, like humanoids, but as god, and not only Goodbirth (gentlemen), but also showering, not only for anger, but also for conscience. " This is the will of God, creating good, suffer!

Why didn't you want, Kurbski, from me, the plump lord, suffer and the crown of life (non-purious martyrdom) inherit? For the sake of temporary glory of the sober and sweets of this world, you all our spiritual piety with Christian faith and the law scrolled!

As you did not mind, Ivan Grozny continues, - the slave of His Vaska Shibowa! He observed his piety. Before the king and before the people, with mortal gates, he did not change the cross kissing, but, praising you, I was ready to accept all death for you ... And because of one angry word of my, not only your soul, but also the souls of all The progenitors destroyed, because God's grandfather instructed our work; And they, by giving their souls (i.e., swearing), they served to death and you, to your children, ordered to serve the grandfather of our children to be grandchildren. And that's all you forgot, "Dog's modified custom" crossed the cross kissing, joined the enemies of Christians, and besides, they still "the wise words" of absurdity against us, like stones on the sky throwing ...

Your Scripture, - says Grozny Kurbsky, - I understand well (is administered intentionally) ... it seems outside the filled honey and honeycomb, but you have been hidden by the poison of the Aspid ... From the blinding malice you can't be truth and see .. . Is this the "conscience of the leisure" - to keep his kingdom in his own hand and the power of his slaves not to give? "Is that" the opposite mind ", who does not want to be in the power of his slaves? And in that "Orthodoxy has a lens" so that slaves owned and commanded?

If there is a small sewing on me, then from the same temptation and treason. I am a person: there is no man without sin, only God is sinless. I do not consider myself as you, above a person, equal to the angels. And about the godless states, what to say! They do not own their kingdoms: how they tell them slaves, so they rule; And the Russian self-containers insolely themselves own, not a boyar and Velmazby. And you, - says Terrible Kurbsky, - this could not judge this in her anger; In your opinion, piety - the autocraticness to be under the domination of the ass and under your authority, and this, in your mind, is the wickedness that we yourself wanted to have the power given to us from God, and did not want to be under the rule of the ass ...

Because I came to your opponent, "Grozny continues," what didn't you gave yourself to you? .. And you myself did both against the mind, and against the oath because of the false fear of death! .. What do not you do, then we advise us. .. As you started and urkurizna, we never cease, you never stop, breaking the animal rage, you make your treason. Is this a kind of good, direct service - to change and root?!.

Well, a dog, and write, and condole yourself, having committed such anger? "

Then, in the letter of Grozny Kurbsky, there are examples from the sacred history and from the history of Greece, showing that the authorities should be subjected to submissions, and the lords should be in other cases and very strict, according to the Apostle: "Save others, save the other fear." The villains can not be called martyrs, without disassembling, for which someone will suffer ... Villas should not be spared ... - King writes. - Konstantin Great killed his son for the good of the kingdom, Prince Fedor Rostislavich, the progenitor of yours, a lot of blood shed in Smolensk for Easter, and yet it is undertone to face the saints. David turned out to be pleasing to God, although he ordered his enemies and haters in Jerusalem ... "

"And at all time," says Terrible in his first letter to Kurbsky, - the kings should be careful: sometimes the crosses, sometimes Yarymi; Good people have mercy and meekness, evil rage and torment. Not that can not do the king. Do you want to not be afraid of power? - Charity. If you create evil, - Fear: It's not in vain, the king wears a sword, but at the revenge of the villains and in defense of the victims.

You, - continues the Terrible to blame Kurbsky, - became like a traitor to Judas! As he, he "hesitated" to the Lord and devoted him to death, and you, staying with us and bread our taste, gathered anger on us in my heart! .. Why are you a teacher mine? Who put you by the judge or the boss over us? .. From whom you are sent to preach? Who did you do you? ..

Nowhere will you find that the kingdom, possessable to Popami, does not destroy. They in Greece, the kingdom wanted and obeyed the Turks! Do you advise this death? Let her fall to your head.

Is it good, the ass and pregaordy slaves own, and the king is only a royal honor to use, but the authorities are nothing better than a slave? How will he and the autocrat be called, if not all himself arrange? "

"When God saved the Israelis from the slavery of Egypt, then remember who he set up to rule, the priest or many rulers? One Moses put the ruler, and told Aaron to the priesthood, and not interfere in worldly affairs. When Aaron began to intervene, then people left even from God ... when Eli-Priest took over and the priesthood, and the kingdom, then himself, and his sons died an evil death and the whole Israel was defeated before the days of Tsar David! "

Then, in the letter of Grozny Kurbski, examples are given from the history of Rome, Byzantium, Italy, in proof of the fact that the mighty kingdoms of gibbles from the separation of power and subordination of the kings of venels. "A good deal," says the Kurbskogo-Grozny, - to save his soul (be inkom), otherwise to take care of the soul and the body of many; A other business is the Holy Power, other - the royal rule. In the monasticist, you can be like the Liberty or a bird, which does not sow, does not get forth and does not collect in the resident; The royal board requires fear, and prohibiting, and curling ... "Mountain," the Prophet says, - the house that many possesses. " You see, Ivan the Terrible to Kurbsky appeals - that the possession of many is like female madness! "

Next, the Terrible Coris of Kurbsky for making a good traineler. "And what did you write," For which I broke into Israel and the governor, the data from God, destroyed with various deaths, "so you wrote falsely, lied, like your father, the devil, taught ...

Who is the strongest in Israel, - continues Grozny, - I do not know; The Earth rules God's mercy, the Most of the Virgin Milostia, all the holy prayers, and our parents, and finally, we, sovereigns, and not by the judges and governors. If I executed with various deaths of his governor, so we have a lot of them and except you, traitors. Woln's own savops, we wish, free and execute ... In other land, you will see how much evil is happening evil: there is no on-site! This you have approved your malicious custom, so that the trains love: in other lands they are executed, the authorities are approved. And I didn't understand the flour, persecution and deaths of various deaths, and what did you mention the treasures and sorcerer, so the dogs are executed! "

After that, in a letter to the Courbian Ivan Grozny, he recalls in detail the resentment, what he tolerate from the boyars in childhood, about those of those unsets and lawlessness, what they did after the death of his mother. I was deeply sealed in the memory of Grozny different, even small cases that struck him in childhood.

Receives Ivan the Terrible about the municipality and the violence of Boyar over his close people; Then says: "We are also with a uniform brother, holing yuri, kept both strangers and poor children. What is the only deprivation I made in clothes and food?!

I remember even this one: I play in my childhood, and Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Shuisky sits on the shop, the elbow is leaning and putting his foot on the bed of our father ... who can bear such a pride? It is difficult to calculate how much suffering I made in childhood! Many times later ate not in his fault ... what to say about the treasury (property) of the parent? Everyone croaked all the children of Boyarsky on a salary, and the grandfather of our countless treasury and father seized themselves ... they kicked the vessels of the gold and silver and the names of their parents on them on them, as if they were their parents' Parental ... And about the execution of our uncle. and talk? - Everyone has turned out! .. "

I remember the Moscow Fire and People's Rebellion, Grozny tells Kurbsky about how "Dog" Alexey (Adashev) and Pop Sylvester, who "admired (carried away) by the authorities, like Eli-Priest, got close to him; As a Sylvester with Alexey began his friends and began to be secretly from us, the king says, consult about things, considering us unreasonable ... Remembering Ivan Grozny, as these advisers have put their worst on all places. "They all worked at their own way. Whatever we advise, although the good, all this seemed to them indequisible; They also advised that they were advised - everything was considered good ... Even in her homework, - bitterly adds terrible, "everything was going on by their desire, I was not in my will, like a baby! Is it disgusting that I didn't want to be a baby in adulthood? "

Further Ivan Terrible in his letter of Corps Kurbsky and Boyar, that they did not protect him, as follows, during the Kazan campaign, that during his illness did not want to speak his son at his request, they wanted to see Vladimir, they had enemy to Tsarice Anastasia. "That is their kindness to us!" - exclaims Grozny.

"You, - drawn Terrible to Kurbansky, - Their, raised people, call the leaders from God ... You like to call Hulleas (pagans), dare to call the reprehensors ... We, Christians, we know the Christian Mother Master of the Virgin; Then the presentations are all heavenly forces, archangels and angels; Then prayer rooms are our prophets, apostles, holy martyrs ... Here are the conventions of Christian! And to us the kings wearing Porphyra, indecently be called the conventions. You are not ashamed of the raised people, moreover, the moves, call the conventions! .. And what you wrote that those "the presents of the prejects of kingdoms were ruined and so on.", It is reasonable to say only about the Kazan kingdom, and near Astrakhan and near your grace was not ... is the bravery so that the service is to be fully ash? When did you go hiking to Kazan without coercion, willingly? You have always walked like a poor walk ... When the reserves under Kazan were exhausted, you, - continues to blame the Courbian Terrible, - After Having fined three days, I already wanted to come back, if I could not resist you ... If when taking the city, I did not Having supported you, no matter how much did the Orthodox craftsmanship be borrowed by, having started a fight in time? And then, when the Greatness of God was taken, instead of doing the order to waters, you rushed to rob! This means the prege of kingdoms to ruin how you are insanely and arrogantly! .. "Then the king of Corps Boyar for the fact that during the Livonian War they did not do their job as slaves, with coordinating, and not on their own will ...

Excusted all the flaws of the boyars, valid and imaginary, Ivan Grozny says: "And for such your merits, as mentioned above, you were worthy of many opal and executions; But we are still graciously drank you ...

If I did in your dignity, I would not leave for our eargoing!

"Your blood," you say, "the shed by the invoices for us, scines for us to God." This laughter is worthy! We are not us, but others shed on others and screams. If you shed blood in the fight against the sacustoms, you did it for the Fatherland. Do not do this, you would not be a Christian, but a barbarian. How many times more our blood shines on you to God, we are spilled by ourselves not by the wounds, not drops, but many later and many difficulty you gave me over the power! And from your malice instead of blood a lot of tears of ours strengthened, even more rehabits and hearts of cordial; That's why I got and pain in the lower back! "

Then Ivan Terrible contemptuously responds about the merits of Kurbsky, Coriuse him for failure under the city of Nevna, and then he adds: "Military things are well visited by us ... do not consider me a unreasonable or baby by mind. Do not think I also "children's horns" scare how before they did with Pop Sylvester and with Alexey ...

Your faces, write, not to see us until the day of the terrible court of God ... But who wants such an Ethiopian face to see?!.

The killed, you say, coming to the throne of God, and this is a thinness of your messenger; According to the apostle: "God is no big way." You, traitors, if and crying without truth, do not get anything ... I don't praise anything in pride: I do my royal case and we don't get anything about myself ... the prostate people are good, evil - evil ... not At the request of the execution of them, and for the need ...

And that you want to put my own writing to the coffin, "concludes a letter to the Courba Grozny," this is your last Christianity rejected from yourself! The Lord ordered not to oppose the evil, you're even the usual, as ignoraxes understand, forgiveness before the ending rejection, and therefore you are not worthy and funeral ... "

Ideas and concepts developed by Grozny in the first letter to the Kourbi

These excerpts from the vast message of Ivan Grozny clearly show that he could not fall into concepts with Kurbsky. He firmly held the thought that for the good of the state, so that the sovereign would be a real autocratic, he would not be shy to anyone's advice, and so that the boyars were only faithful servants, the performers of his will, serve him as true as, for example, Shibanov - Kurban . And Kurbsky, exposing its high origin from St. Grozny. Fedor Rostislavich, Prince Smolensk and Yaroslavsky, all good at the beginning of the reign of Ivan Vasilyevich implies only the Boyars and is that the boyars should be advisors and employees of the king, and not servants unquestioning his will. "The king, though and the Maison, the Tsarist San," says Kurbsky in his story, "but may not receive some of the gods from God and therefore should look for a good and useful advice not only at the advisers of their own (boyars), but also ordinary people, for the gift of the Spirit It is not on the wealth of external and not at the power of the kingdom, but by the law of spiritual. "

Ukoles in cruelty were not at all convincing for Ivan the Terrible. To execute Lyarkheev and the traitors he considered his inalienable right. Condemble the king in the innocence of the executed Boyar Kurbsky, of course, was least in a state: on the contrary, the Treason of His and sharp letter was further approved by the king in that thought that he was impossible to rely on the boyars, even the closest. In Grozny, fastened more and more the idea that his personal good and the benefit of the whole Earth require that Boyarski Kramol was exterminated with the root.

A brief answer of Kurbsky to the first message of Grozny

The message of the king is full of weighty injections, caustic and evil ridicule ... They thoroughly treated for living Kourby. And could he calm down his conscience?! His betray, from whatever reasons she came out, still remained treason; The oath was broken; From his native land, he renounced, moved to the side of her enemies ...

The Long Message of Ivan The Terrible Kurbsky responded with a short letter, from which he could see how the king's guards and ridiculous was called him. He calls the royal letter "broadcast and multiple," says that it is full of "indomitable anger and poisonous words", that it is not only a great king to write, but also a simple warrior, that in the letter of the king "Casting from the Holy Scriptures with a lot of rage and Luttyness is not rows and verses, as in the custom of people scientists, but by whole books, messages, and immediately they are also said about beds, telogrees and other Basni Basni. " So write, according to Kurbsky, is completely obscene to the country, where there are people scientists, skillful in books. "Yes, and deustyly," says further in the letter of Kurbsky, "I, a person who, was offended, offended, without truth expected, at least a multi-faceted, before the trial of God so threatening? .. and instead of consolation so sustaintly gnaw I am unhappy who was from youth to your faithful rug! I do not think that this is God you want ... And what are you, - continues Kurbsky, - Do you still want from us? Not only of their one-grained princes from the offspring of the great Vladimir, you broke and took away the property of movable and immovable property from them, which did not have time to take away your grandfather and father, but also our last shirts, I can say, according to the gospel Word, we gave your prejects and tsarist majestation. .. I wanted to argue about every word, about the king, and I could do it, but I kept my hand with a cane, placing everything on God's court, - I judged here to be silent here, and to speak there, before the throne of Christ, Lord My Together with all the beaten and persecuted you. Yes, moreover, obscene people are knightly (noble) to broe, like slaves; I am very shameful and Christians spew out of the mouth of the words are unclean and bustard! .. "

But on this correspondence of Ivan the Terrible with Kurbsky yet, it was not over. A few years later, the Terrible and Kurbsky again exchanged letters, which will be told below.