The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Bob Dylan. Nobel Prize in Literature Awarded to Bob Dylan About the history of the Nobel Prize

Despite the fact that the names of the Nobel Prize nominees are kept strictly secret, the media actively make their assumptions and even bets.

For many years now, critics and international brokers have been predicting victory for the ruler of the souls of today's youth Haruki Murakami. His books are an extraordinary success all over the world, and the name needs no comment. This award was predicted for him a long time ago, which is why the stakes of the Japanese writer are very high, 5:1.

The second and third places are given to the Americans Philip Roth, author of American Pastoral (1998, Pulitzer Prize) and Joyce Carol Oates. Americans last received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. Then it was given to Toni Morrison, an American of African descent, for bringing to life an important aspect of American reality in her novels full of dreams and poetry.

Among non-European authors, a Syrian author made it into the top five Adonis, the pseudonym of the publicist and poet Ali Ahmad Saeed Asbar, known for his political, cultural and philosophical discussions. He lectured at the College de France on Arabic poetics, settled in Paris in 1985 and worked as a consultant to UNESCO. The poet has been repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize, he has been waiting for the recognition of the Nobel Committee for a quarter of a century.

Among the other applicants in 2016, the names of the Kenyan novelist are named in the top ten Ngugi Wa Thiongo, Albanian Ismail Kadare, Norwegian Yuna Fosse, Israeli Amos Oz and Hungarian Peter Nadasha.

Ngugi Wa Thiongo, also known under the pseudonym James Ngugi, is not new to the list: he was nominated for the award in 2010 and in 2014. The politically active author writes in English and Kikuyu. In 1962 he made his debut with the novel "Don't Cry, Child", his books are devoted to the acute social, cultural and political problems of Kenya.

A photo: www.gazeta.ru

The reason why Ngugi is the greatest writer to come out of East and Central Africa is because, like Peter Abrahams in South Africa and Chinua Achebe in West Africa, he writes on serious subjects, local publication The East African Standard notes.

Russian critics are inclined to believe that the choice is often based on ideological motives. Literary critic Peter Vail writes: The Nobel Committee, like any intellectual community, consists of people of leftist convictions. Leftists, of course, in European terminology. That is why one of the greatest writers of the 20th century, Borges, did not win the Nobel Prize. The thing is that he paid a visit to Pinochet, shook his hand and praised him for crushing the communists. At the same time, everyone understood the greatness of Borges as a writer, but they did not forgive Pinochet.

He was awarded for "creating new poetic expression within the great American song tradition"

American musician Bob Dylan

Moscow. October 13th. site - The 75-year-old American musician and singer-songwriter Bob Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016, Sarah Danius, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, announced.

According to her, he won the award for "creating a new poetic expression within the great American song tradition." Danius called Dylan a great English-speaking poet, noting that his works "should be read."

According to a survey on the Nobel Prize website, 71% of its visitors are familiar with the lyrics of the American singer.

Bob Dylan (real name Robert Allen Zimmerman) was born on May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. His ancestors were Jews, immigrants from the Russian Empire.

In addition to his musical activities, Dylan is also known as an artist and film actor. Many of his songs, such as Blowin' in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin', have become anthems for the civil rights and anti-war movements in the United States. The last, 37th in a row, studio album of the musician called Fallen Angels was released in May this year.

In 1988, Bob Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In April 2008, he received the Pulitzer Prize "for his significant impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power." He was also awarded the Presidential, one of the highest civilian awards in the United States.

The Literature Prize was the last Nobel Prize awarded this year, as the ceremony to announce the winner had been postponed earlier due to the Nobel Committee's work schedule.

Last year, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to a Soviet and Belarusian writer "for her many-voiced work - a monument to suffering and courage in our time."

The list of contenders for the literature award is kept secret until the last moment. The names of the nominees can only be revealed 50 years later.

In the entire history of the award in literature, that is, since 1901, among domestic writers and poets, five have been awarded it - Ivan Bunin (1933), Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970) and Joseph Brodsky ( 1987).

Nobel Laureates 2016

Earlier, the Nobel was awarded to 71-year-old Japanese scientist Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries in the field of autophagy. The prize was awarded to David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz with the wording: "for theoretical discoveries in topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." The award went to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Bernard Feringa and Fraser Stoddart for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.

This year's Nobel Prize was awarded to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, who signed a peace treaty that ended the country's more than 50-year-old civil war.

The Nobel Prize (Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics) went to the British economist Oliver Hart and the Finnish economist Bengt Holmström for their contribution to the development of contract theory.

award ceremony

The award ceremony will traditionally take place in Stockholm on December 10, on the day of the death of the founder of the Nobel Prizes, the Swedish entrepreneur and inventor Alfred Nobel (1833-1896).

Nobel Prize winners in 2016 will receive 8 million Swedish kronor (about $931,000). In terms of the current exchange rate, the amount of the premium is less than a million dollars.

American singer Bob Dylan became the winner of 2016. The name of the winner was announced in Stockholm Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The award was presented to Dylan with the wording "for creating new poetic forms within the great American song tradition." Eight years ago, in 2008, Bob Dylan received Pulitzer Prize"for his outstanding influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power." The future musician was born in Minnesota in 1941. He began writing poetry and playing in the school band at the age of ten. A debut album called "Bob Dylan" released in 1962.

The names of contenders for the award are kept secret and announced only after 50 years. Nevertheless, bookmakers traditionally name the favorites of the Nobel race. This year's top five potential winners included Kenyan author Ngugi Wa Thiongo, Japanese Haruki Murakami, Syrian poet Adonis, Americans Philip Roth and Don DeLillo. Bob Dylan was not among the favorites, and the bets on his victory were British bookmaker Ladbrokes on the eve of the announcement of the name of the winner, it was accepted with a coefficient of 16/1.

The Nobel Prizes are traditionally awarded during one week in October. But this year, the schedule for announcing the name of the laureate in literature was violated for the first time. Representatives Swedish Academy already stated that the delay was due to work Nobel committee, which this year met for discussion only in mid-September. Every spring, the Academy determines a list of the 20 most deserving writers during the spring. Then it is reduced to five candidates, from which the Nobel laureate is chosen in the fall.

In 2015, for the first time in the last 28 years, the laureate Nobel Prize in Literature became a Russian-speaking author. The award was received by Svetlana Aleksievich "for her many-voiced creativity, which has become a monument to suffering and courage in our time." Aleksievich writes in Belarusian and Russian. Her most famous works are War has no woman's face", "Zinc Boys", "Chernobyl Prayer". Svetlana Aleksievich became the 14th woman in history to receive Nobel Prize.

Haruki Murakami

© Imago-Images | ITAR-TASS

2016 Nobel Prize nominee:
Ngugi Wa Thiongo

The Swedish Academy said in a press release that American poet, performer and popular actor Bob Dylan was awarded the award for "enriching new poetic expressions of American song culture". Until this day, bookmakers have tried in vain to guess which of the modern writers will be able to win the main award. In their ranking at the highest positions were Haruki Murakami, the famous Kenyan playwright and publicist Nguti Wa Thiongo, the poet of Syrian origin Adonis, the Norwegian Yun Fosse, the American Don Delilo. Each of them invested a lot of strength and talent in the development of world literature and culture, enriched it with their works. Of course, the total number of nominees is in the dozens. And the selection criteria in this direction are completely incomprehensible to a simple layman. On what merit is the laureate chosen? Popularity? Topic of work? Their historical significance? Winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature are almost always a surprise.

The award ceremony will take place in Stockholm on 10 December. This year, the honorary writer will receive 8 million Swedish kronor along with the medal, which is about 920 thousand US dollars.

This is not the first prestigious award for an American artist. Just 8 years ago, he received the Putlitzer Prize for his contribution to the musical culture of the United States, in 2001 - an Oscar for the best song for the film "Geeks". In addition, Dylan became the first Nobel laureate who was immortalized in the rock'n'roll hall of fame.

Nobel Prize winners in the last five years

Over the past 5 years, natives of China, Sweden, the USSR, France and Canada have become laureates of this prestigious award:

• 2015 Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksienko received the award "For polyphony in her prose and immortalization of courage and suffering." In her work, she combined the abilities of a psychoanalyst, preacher, journalist, sociologist and writer. Her books contain the real voice of the common people, their ideals, dreams, hopes and tragedies. Among the most famous works: "Chernobyl Prayer", "Charmed by Death", "Zinc Boys".
• 2014. A native of the French town of Boulogne-Billancourt, published his first novel, Star Square, at the age of 23. And the book immediately gained popularity. Most of his works are directed to the past. They contain the difficult times of the occupation of France, his personal experiences and events from life, the thirst for self-knowledge. The author's works were repeatedly released on screens, translated into foreign languages. His pen belongs to "Villa "Sadness"", "Street of Dark Shops", "Night Grass", "Strangers", "Little Miracle" and many others.
• 2013. Alice Ann Munro, a native of the Canadian city of Wingham, was recognized as a master of the modern story. She began writing as a teenager and published her first story at the age of 19 while teaching at the university. During her long life, she published many collections, went on tour to other countries, and received well-deserved awards. The last collection entitled "More expensive than life itself" was published in 2012. Some of the stories have been adapted. Her stories often appeared and still appear on the pages of major literary magazines. Among her cycles and collections are “Too much happiness”, “Runaway”, “Who do you imagine yourself to be?”.
• 2012. Chinese writer Mo Yan received the Nobel Prize with the original wording: "For his hallucinatory realism, which combined folk tales with history and modernity." His works include passion, magical realism, provincial life, symbolism, psychology, history, mythology and the grotesque. His works have been translated into a dozen languages, although Mo Yan is practically unknown to the Russian-speaking reader. He was also mentioned this year as a possible candidate for the Nobel laureates in literature.
• 2011. Tomas Transtremer from Stockholm was awarded "for his concise, translucent images that gave us an updated view of existing reality." This talented writer and pianist began his long career at the age of 13. The stroke, which took away speech and the right side of the body, did not break him, forcing him to take the pen in his left hand and use it to perform numerous works on the keys. His poetry is a real miracle, a wonderful combination of ideally adjusted form and fullness of strong metaphors. Almost all the prestigious awards that the Scandinavians have established have ended up in Transtremer's luggage.

In 2016, Nobel Week opened on October 3rd. By tradition, the laureates were named in six categories: for achievements in the field of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, as well as for achieving success in the struggle for peace.

The award will be presented on December 10 at the Stockholm Philharmonic on the day of the death of Alfred Nobel. The laureates will receive a gold medal with a portrait of the founder of the award, a diploma and a monetary reward of 8 million crowns ($932,000).

All the winners and their discoveries are in the TASS material.

Physics

• The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to American scientists David Thouless, Michael Kosterlitz and Duncan Haldane "for their theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." Scientists have discovered unexpected behavior of solid materials and used advanced mathematical methods to explain states unusual for matter - superconductivity and superfluidity. The discoveries of scientists can be applied in electronics, in particular, in the creation of superconductors and quantum computers.

Physiology and medicine

• In the field of medicine, the prize was awarded to Japanese professor Yoshinori Osumi for the discovery of the mechanism of autophagy - the natural process of "self-cleaning" of the cell of living organisms, that is, the destruction and processing of its internal components. Autophagy plays an important role in various physiological processes: it can destroy bacteria and viruses that have entered the cell, promote the development of the embryo, cells also use this mechanism to eliminate damaged proteins and organelles, which is important for counteracting aging. Mutations in genes that control autophagy can cause diseases such as Parkinson's disease and cancer.

Chemistry

• Jean-Pierre Sauvage, a Frenchman, Fraser Stoddart, a Briton working in the US, and Bernard Feringa, a Dutch scientist, were awarded the Chemistry Prize "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines." Scientists have created molecules whose movement can be controlled. With their help, you can manipulate single atoms and molecules, for example, transfer them from one place to another, bring them closer to form a chemical bond, or move away from each other to break it. The discovery can be used to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer. With the help of such molecules, scientists hope to develop ways to target disease foci without harming healthy parts of the body.

Economy

• The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström. Economists have created new theoretical tools in the field of a real assessment of contracts between participants in business processes, which make it possible to identify the "pitfalls" of contracts. The theory of contracts develops the theme of managing a company under the possibility of the presence of conditions for the asymmetry of information. This is a phenomenon present in the business environment, when the management of the enterprise, investors, as well as direct executors are differently aware of the situation on the market and the risks that the company bears. The studies of Hart and Holmström are important for various fields, in particular, economics, law, and state studies.

Peace Prize

• This year, a record 376 candidates were nominated for the Peace Prize. On October 7, the Nobel Committee awarded it to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos "for his determined efforts to bring an end to more than 50 years of civil war in the country." The armed conflict between the authorities and the rebels began in the 1960s. And only in 2016, the parties managed to reach a final agreement on its completion. During this time, 220 thousand Colombians died, almost 6 million people left their homes.

Literature

• The name of the laureate in the field of literature was the main surprise of this year. The award was given to poet and performer Bob Dylan "for creating poetic imagery in the great American song tradition." He became the first musician to be awarded the Nobel Prize in its history. Dylan is the author of The Times They Are a-Changin’ (Times, they change), Blowin "in the Wind, Like a Rolling Stone, recorded the albums The Freewheelin" Bob Dylan, Highway 61 Revisited and others. In his country, Bob Dylan is popular not only as a musician, but also as a poet and prose writer.