Negotic architecture. Gothic style in the architecture of the Middle Ages

Neoetics in architecture at first of the XVIII century throughout the United Kingdom Trendy architectural trends were based on the classic aesthetics of palladianism, then closer to the end of the century, the British interest gave the roll towards the Gothic motives. At first, the buildings were similar to medieval temples only outwardly, but later style Neoetics It has strengthened so much that he gave rise to the construction of many objects throughout the area of \u200b\u200bthe Empire.

The Westminster Palace became a typical example of the English building of the Victorian era. His appearance is still one of the national symbols of London and the country as a whole. However, the popularity of neogenic touched the engineering structures, proof of which is the majestic Tower Bridge.

From the Great Past to Progress

The construction of the Tower Bridge was initiated in 1886 due to the acute necessity of a device further to the London Cross Bridge through Thames. His construction was completed for 8 years: in 1894, the bridge appeared to the public. Key figures in its history were:

• H. Jones is an ideologist of the construction, the architect of many buildings of London;
• D. Barry - an engineer who also worked on other bridges through the Thames;
• D. Stevenson - an architect assigned by the project manager after the death of H. Jones.

The characteristic neootic appearance appearance is given by two pilons - beginners and closing the passage high towers with sharp spiers and stylized under the middle eyelid sculpture. The very fact of their presence is already indicated to relatives with the constructive features of the bridges of feudal times. If then the bridge towers were built to ensure control and travel of travel, now pylons support sidewalks at high from the river level.

Possessing a frame system of the device, these elements of the Tower bridge have fairly thin walls with large window openings. Such a specificity clearly proves that gothic and neoetics - Related to each other genres. Well communication epoch shows the presence of an exquisite elevated decor on the walls made in the facing of Portland limestone and Cornwall granite - materials traditional for finishing medieval castles of England.

Interestingly, he received his appearance bridge not only at the expense of fashion trends, but also due to his proximity to one of the oldest fortresses in Britain - Tower. Against the background of the fact that even then her walls and towers had a sacred value for the British, the desire of the authorities and citizens of new objects to erect in similar stylistics becomes clearly obvious.

There is no barrel of honey without impurities. The Tower Bridge is experiencing not only the Tower itself, but also more modern, although the old buildings. His features contributed to the emergence of the opinion that the construction spoils the historical appearance of London. However, if the bridge had been smaller, he could hardly effectively cope with his tasks.

Advanced engineering solutions

According to the principle of its work, the Tower Bridge is a peddler structure huge for the end of the XIX century power: its spans with a common weight over 11,000 tons are able to rise by 86 degrees. For the process of disclosing elements initially responded hydraulic mechanisms. The force for them was generated by four high-performance steam engines operating on the corner.

In 1982, the breeding system was modernized and equipped with an electro-hydraulic drive on a gear transmission, and in 2000 it is also automated. Outdated equipment is available to meet tourist interest. Museum platforms are broken in the interiors of towers and former pedestrian galleries at the height.

The large carrier ability of the spans is created due to the use of the rod system, where the support elements were performed from carbon steel. The multi-torque metal design is installed on large poults, for the manufacture of which it took more than 70,000 tons of concrete.

For a walking pass, there are sidewalks located along the roadway. However, the main advantage of the Tower Bridge for pedestrians in the presence of special galleries remote from the water surface of the river for 44 meters distance. In addition to the utilitarian function, these elements carried and decorative purposes.

Almost all the 20th century, the gallery became the face of criminal elements, which forced them to close them for use. They opened only in 1982: because of the equipment of a glass roof, their appearance approached the High-tech style, but it does not spoil the type of a majestic architectural ensemble.

The current state of the bridge

Architectural sizes of finishes, a brilliant design and a well-thought-out system of the organization make Tower Bridge in the UK One of the most amazing structures in the world. As before, its height allows the free passage of various types of vessels by Thames. However, due to the partial loss of the significance of the river communication, and in part due to the desire to preserve it is now bred no more than 5 times in one week.

Tower bridge today helps citizens to solve a transport question: over 40,000 people at various types of transport and hiking daily cross the river on it. Considering the high load, the Board of the City of London Corporation introduced restrictions on the speed and mass of cars - no more than 32 km / h and not heavier than 18 tons. Such measures are designed to preserve the initial type of sightseeing of the capital.

Tower bridge is impressive with its architecture and admire the principles of work. Imitating medieval architecture, building performs a sample application of progressive technologies.

Neoetics - an architectural style that appeared in England in the 18th century. It is associated with the interest of the general public to Knight's culture, which dominated Western Europe from 12 to 16th century.

The starting point for Neojeta was the construction of Strokerri Hill in the estate, not far from London, a building stylized under the Gothic castle. The owner of the house and ideological inspirer of this project was the writer-historian Horas Woppol, passionate for medieval architecture. In Britain, where many beautiful gothic samples have survived, such buildings were considered an integral part of national history and culture. In this regard, the construction of a house designed in the spirit of the ancient cathedrals and castles attracted all of the attention, became a bright event of the cultural life of the time and served as a impetus for the development of neo-neutic architecture not only in England, but also in Europe.

Despite the fact that the principles of construction in the 18-19 centuries were already different, and individual elements of buildings performed in a neo-metal style were actually alien for medieval Gothic, contemporaries perceived the departure from the exact following style as a necessity, and not as an annoying mistake architects. It was not about the literal reproduction of gothic architecture, but to copy templates and forms, using more modern knowledge and technologies.

In Nevotka, different styles and directions relating to different epochs and countries were mixed, and the techniques of the construction of cathedrals and castles were mixed (which was unacceptable in the Middle Ages). For example, during the years of becoming a style during the construction of a residential building, its doors could be made as portals of cathedrals, and the bedrooms could remind the tomb with their wall painting.

Over time, eclecticism was creatively reworked, and architects developed universal requirements for a new style. The main feature of the neo-neutic architecture is to use as a structural element of a frame arch. Other elements of medieval architecture were also adapted: gear walls, stained glass windows, stained, stroke arches, high elongated frontal, turrets, internal columns, narrow windows, heraldic motifs.

Neo-fat flower refers to the 19th century. Architects sought to create unusual, romantic buildings, catering to the taste of the public of the time inspired by medieval aesthetics. Construction of both residential buildings and public came actively - cathedrals, government buildings, universities, schools, town halls, railways were erected. Return to the Gothic style was perceived as a return to the origins. In addition, Neojeta marked the departure from previously popular styles, which drenched inspiration in the classic forms of ancient Greece and Rome.

The construction of neootics was the construction of the Westminster Palace in London. This happened after the British parliament burned down in a fire of 1834. The Special Royal Commission decided that the palace was required to rebuild, in the same place, while the new building should organically fit into the urban landscape of the historic center of the English capital. The Commission announced a competition to which almost 100 projects were filed. The best was recognized as the offer of Charles Barry, who offered to build a building in the spirit of the best achievements of English Gothic. After many years of construction along the Thames, a massive, majestic palace pulled out. Its facade is decorated and balanced two towers located in its northern and southern parts. Palace, despite his magnitude, does not suppress its size, but it impresses classical rigor. The whole thing is in the correct proportions.

In the mid-19th century, the Cabinet of Ministers of Great Britain officially accepted Negotics as a national architectural style. In the future, neo-neutic ideas were creatively perceived by architects of France, Germany, Austria, Russia, as well as English and French colonies - in connection with this, beautiful neo-style samples can be found in the new light.

Neojeta was recognized as an ideal style for the countryside: its complex and improper forms fited perfectly into the natural landscape. Also, the new style was popular for the construction of churches, where elements such as open-in high windows, turrets, stained glass, string arches, spiers were actively used.

The most striking example of neotic architecture in Germany is Cologne Cathedral, one of the highest and massive buildings of the 19th century. Also, German architects designed such masterpieces of world architecture as a castle in Schwangau and an incredible castle Neuschwanstein, built on the site of the destroyed knightly watchtower.

In Cardiff (England), Cardiff Castle (in the city center) and Castle Koch, or a Red Castle, which is located in the suburbs were restored. In the 20th and 21st century, Koh Castle became several times the place of action of historical and fabulous movies.

One of the masterpieces of non-vegetable architecture is the Parliament Building in Hungary (Budapest). This is one of the most beautiful government buildings in the world. Graceful turrets of parliament located on the banks of the Danube are effectively reflected in the water, and sharp spiers are an indispensable attribute of a neo-neutic style - make a silhouette of a light, aspiring in the sky. During the construction of the Hungarian Parliament, 40 million bricks were used, 500 thousand precious stones and 40 kilograms of gold.

Starting in the second half of the 18th century, Neojet is becoming popular and in Russia. Initially, in the West of the country, the construction of Catholic churches in neo-neo-style began, then the fashion for the "knight" architecture expanded: the architects began to build private and profitable city mansions, as well as the Lord's houses in rich estates using gothic forms. Profitable houses in Moscow and especially St. Petersburg were distinguished by luxurious front entrances, silicated windows, or richly decorated with fronstones, spiers and turrets.

An interesting example of the Russian neo-Netics of the mid-19th century is a complex of buildings erected in Peterhof. Among them - Kapella in the park "Alexandria", decorated with many decorative elements from the cast iron, the farm palace, the Palace "Cottage", as well as the station, post office and imperial stables.

As part of the review of the historical British architecture and its influence on modern home-building, we have already considered. The next historical style was Gothic and it settled on the territory of Europe by no one century.

Its ideological prerequisites was a refusal of massive forms of Romanesque style and religious motifs. In those days, the architecture developed primarily within the framework of the temple buildings, and the architects for a couple with the clergymen decided that the narrow, aspiring the form of gothic would personify the desire for the better - to God, that is.

The main features of the Gothic style

Extracted, directed upwards. Perhaps this is the most important feature of Gothic - Whatever its subspecies, era or country, it will always seek up and something to resemble the ordered planting of narrow stone formations.

Many sharp elements. This feature is associated with the previous one. Gothic is characteristic of being "barbed", have angular and sharp both shapes and decor.

Diverse decor. The main difference of gothic from the Romanesque style was that Gothic actively uses the decor. It is mainly implemented in the form of statues, elegant patterns and rare bas-reliefs.

Of course, in addition to these, Gothic has many other features, such as silicon windows, abundance of repeating elements, frame system, and so on. But since we are interested in this style mainly in terms of influence on modernity, we are considering general trends.

Views of Gothic

As we mentioned, the Gothic style existed in Europe in general and in England in particular, not a single century and, naturally, with time he was modified. And in addition to the classic early gothic, it makes sense to allocate two subspecies:

Gothic in modern construction

In the modern world, the gothic architecture is practically not used in its pure form. Some elements can be involved, more or less relevant stylization occurs in different kind of entertainment facilities, such as pubs and bars. But there, as understandable, obliges the atmosphere.

Gothic in a country house building

Gothic - the style of temples, castles, fortresses. And it is simply impossible to realize it with fully. And it is not necessary - the comfort of the cottage is waiting for comfort, amenities, a home atmosphere, and not an angry hanging statue of the Gargulia, which reminds of the sores. Therefore, the country house-building takes only elements from Gothic: vertical orientation, shape of windows, neat turrets. But adds a lot of yours: wood, bright and pleasant tones, elements. Here are some houses that are converting gothic canons to the country legs, but at the same time held in their framework:

Conclusion

Despite the entire severity of the Gothic style, many find a certain charm in it, especially if you correctly approach the integration issue. Our professional designers and architects know a lot about such issues - and can make for you an architectural project of a stylish, cozy and comfortable country house with elements of the Gothic style. And there is not far to the immediate implementation, which you can also order from us.

Mysterious, majestic, even awesome - all these epithets belong to the same style. It takes a separate niche in almost all kinds of art: sculpture, painting, book miniature, stained glass, frescoes. But in the modern world gothic style Suddenly embodied fashion trends in clothing, make-up and interiors.

Gothic style

Gothic is customary to call a segment of development in medieval art in the West, in the central part and in the east of Europe. In a historic scale, this period refers to the XII - XVI century. Gothic came to replace Romantic, gradually pushing her. The term "Gothic" is increasingly called the famous architecture style, characterized as terribly beautiful and scary.

Gothic originated in the middle of the XII century in Northern France. Until the XIII century, it not only spread, but also reliably rooted in the territory occupied by modern Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Spain and England. Italy "infected" with a gothic later, with great difficulty and large transformation, which led to the emergence of the "Italian Gothic" flow. The end of the XIV century differed in the appearance of the so-called international gothic in Europe. In Eastern European countries, Gothic manifested himself later, but she lasted a little longer.

A terribly beautiful architecture

Buildings and works of art, containing in themselves the elements created during eclectic times, that is, in the middle of the last century and later, are characterized by the term "neo".

Unexpected for all was the emergence in the early 1980s genre of music, called "Gothic". Such a modern gothic style was used as the name of the "Gothic Rock" armed in those years, and later the youth movement, which was formed on the basis of such music - "Gothic subculture".

The name itself happened from the Italian word Gotico, which means barbaric or unusual. But this style to Goten, that is, the barbarians, goths historical, has nothing to do. At first, this word was used as a brand. The first concept in the current meaning applied D. Vazari, separating the Renaissance from the Middle Ages. Gothic completed the development of medieval European art. It has emerged on the basis of Romanesque cultural achievements, in the Renaissance Epoch, this medieval art was considered "barbaric", in the appointment - cult, and on topics - religious.

Gothic is a whole cultural reservoir, which includes architecture, literature, visual art.

The Gothic style of the Middle Ages, especially brightly displays the temple, cathedral, church and monastery architecture, which was formed on the basis of Romance, or more precisely by the Burgundian medieval architecture. But Gothic is different from the Romance Stylistics, its round arches, massive walls and small windows. It stands out with arches with a pointed dome, narrow and high towers and columns. The facade is richly decorated with carved fragments (vimpergami, tympanis, archived) and multicolor stained glass windows. Most style elements are emphasized by vertical orientation.

The XVIII - XIX century was marked by the development of artistic style called Neoetic or "Renewable Gothic". Borrowing the traditions and shapes of classical gothic, the neoochik, originated in the UK, also spread in countries of continental Europe and even America.

At times, neogenic elements are bizarrely intertwined with the newest technologies for that time. For example, the Brooklyn Bridge in New York on the racks was equipped with arches in the form of gothic windows. The most outstanding sample of neoetics is the building of the Britain Parliament in London.

The famous Washington Cathedral, built in neo-style style (1907-1990)

Interior of the Cathedral

Full view from the outside - really monumental structure

And this is the facade of the Church of St. Macla (15-16 Art.) In France, built in the style of flaming Gothic. Really fascinating sight

St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Neoetics, 1858-1878.

The unique example of the Gothic style in Russia is the construction of a grain chamber and belfry at the Sofia Cathedral in Veliky Novgorod. In medieval Russia, which was influenced by the Byzantine art, gothic practically did not perceive as a style worthy of attention. A certain similarity with gothic is noticeable only in the buildings of towers and walls on the Moscow Kremlin.

But the imperial residence in Tsaritsyn as the most outstanding monument of the "Russian Gothic Architecture" and the largest pseudo-community complex of Europe is different.

As for the furniture, the brightest pattern of the style is considered a dresser or wardrobe for dishes. Often he was covered with painting. All the furniture of that epoch is characterized by simplicity and heavyweight. For example, clothing and household items first began to store in special cabinets, although earlier the chests were used earlier. So in the ends of the Middle Ages, prototypes of modern furniture appeared: cabinets, beds and chairs. One of the most common furniture elements in those days is a scribe-frame bid. The main materials in the West and the North of Europe were local woody, including nuts, oak, pine, spruce, as well as larch, cedar and juniper.

Characteristic Architecture Damage - High, Extracted String Vaults, Window, Portals

In the era of crusades there was a coup in the manufacture of weapons. Europeans managed to get acquainted with light steel, leaable to the forging. Heavy chain chains had to retreat before the new type of armor. They combined the joints of the metal, which made it possible to cover the entire surface of the most complex shape, leaving enough freedom to move. From such an unusual design of new lats, a new form in European clothing appeared. At the same time, all the most famous ways of confusion were created.

Thanks to the Gothic fashion to change the free Romanesque shirt-like form of clothing, a complex fitting fit came. The peak of perfection of the Gothic costume was the end of the XV century, when the whole of Europe was submitted by fashion created at the court of Burgundy. At that time, the male outfit was shortened, and only elderly people, doctors and judges were worn long clothes. Due to the fitting jacket or the clothes, narrow highs and a short raincoat, clothes became the embodiment of the aesthetic ideals of the era, emphasizing the slim image of the gallant young man, graceful cavalier. Women's clothing has changed due to the separation of the skirt side from the bodice. The skirt in width increased by additional tissue inserts. The upper part of the outfit was represented by a narrow bodice, fitting long sleeves, a triangular neckline on the back and chest. Women's shoulders were deflected back, the silhouette formed, resembling the letter S and the named "Gothic curve". Like the architecture of that pore gothic clothes, the vertical orientation was set. Due to the sheer ends of overhead sleeves, sharp cuffs, complex frame headpapers, stretched upwards (atour), and sharply boots This tendency was only intensified. The most popular and most expensive was the yellow color, which prevailed in men's clothing.

Garguli - Demonic figures, crown walls of gothic cathedrals

Vintage photo - Garguli on the wall of the Cathedral of the Paris Our Lady

"Cute" skeleton holding a set

Gothic style in the interior

Compared with any design distinguishes the mass of advantages: uniqueness, originality, mystery. However, he, as they say, on an amateur, because only dark tones with dominant black color predominate in it, which is often diluted with burgundy and purple. Much less frequently, the details of a salad, pink and white color can be found, but they are not introduced to the apparent eye.

Only a person, truly fascinated by the atmosphere of the Gothic style, wants to create a similar interior in his home with uniqueness and some dimplex. The owner of such fenats, even in the death itself, finds something romantic.

Best of all this interior is embodied in large-scale buildings and in large areas

Gothic style is not a place in a small flat apartment, because the creation of such a design needs space. Therefore, the best option for it is a country house or luxury apartment.

However, although this style requires a large height of the room, his adherents manage to embody such a design and with a very high ceiling of standard housing.

Gothic-style room It should be created from those materials that were used by ancient goths, and this is a natural tree and stone, processed deliberately roughly. But not everyone will apply a similar original material, turning his house into a medieval castle. Therefore, it is quite acceptable to use artificial analogues.
The lamp in the Gothic style is perfect for creating a medieval atmosphere. Special attention requires highlighting, as well as light effects, with which you can create special mysteriousness inherent in gothic.

Dressing table with a mirror. The candlestick adds colorita

Another distinctive feature of the gothic interior is the use of windows aimed up as well as similar arches. Decor can serve as openwork towers and ornaments in the Gothic style, which fill the atmosphere of the room and grace. The windows are decorated with ornament or stained glass window.

To obtain a harmonious picture should be given due attention to gothic furniture. It can be a buffet on high legs, a double wardrobe with panels, a massive bed and chairs with high backs. Successfully fits into a similar interior and wood furniture decorated with carvings. This interior comes in heavy: although it is complemented by a multitude of exquisite elements, but still perceived somewhat rude. Often in it, except for windows, even the doors are made in the Gothic stylist.

To make a ceiling "Gothic" species, you can use stucco, the effect of the arch, open rafters. Accessories can serve as sculptures of different mythical creatures, lions, paintings, knight armor and drapery.

Of course, it is almost impossible to completely pass the interior of an ancient castle. But gothic connoisseurs can use and simply style elements capable of making a gothic elevation.

Gothic style in clothes

An unexpected embodiment received a gothic style in clothes. It is used mainly by girls and young men who belong to the youth subculture - "Goths". Advantageously in it is copied the European fashion of the ages of "Neoeta". The principal line of style is the predominance of all the shades of black in it.

In modern Gothic fashion, there are very few things that the Middle Ages is ready to relate to it with real clothes. In the traditional, an extravagant cut and black color prevails in the current understanding of the Gothic outfit. From materials, preference is given to the skin, lace, silk, velvet. Also in clothing uses from Lurex, taffeta, organza, brocade and vinyl.

Victorian Gothic Dress

Another bright example of the Victorian direction

Hat, corset, veil - Gothic beauties are incredibly feminine

Victorian style, male option

Girl girls are characterized by the wearing corsets that attach silhouette of harmony and seductive outlines. They are worn over the main clothes - shirts or dresses. A relevant element of the outfit is a midi skirt, leather pants or a dress length. Even mini skirts are very popular in the Gothic style. The outerwear of girls is mostly long leather or clusch.

Men's Goths are peculiar to pronounced femininity, so elements of female outfits are exactly repeated in their clothes. Of course, dresses in the Gothic style and the corsets are still the prerogative of exceptionally women, but the skirts in the Gothic subculture may well be worn. Everything else is the same black shirt, balachon, long raincoat and leather tight pants.

"Modern" goths look somewhat different. There is no stylization under the Middle Ages or Victorian Epoch

From the shoes in girls and boys Gothic culture, high heavy-type "Grinders" type are popular. Also welcome different types of shoes with a high platform, which can be worn by guys and girls. The boots, half-boots or high-heeled shoes can be suitable. As for the color of the shoes, he, of course, remains only black.

Girl girls very much like the inclusion in the outfit of elegant hats with a black veil, as well as openwork lace gloves.

Characteristic is exclusively silver jewelry that can be replaced only by white gold. But sometimes the goths can use inexpensive non-precious metals. The traditional use of white in accessories is considered a symbol of cold, deadly light moon. With it, it is perfectly emphasized by the mourning character of the gothic clothes and the pallor of individuals is ready.

Create a gothic ensemble is very simple, but look and be a goth - different concepts. To match the subculture is ready to live it, believing in it and not to betray even in the trifles. But to create the right gothic costume, it is enough just to adhere to the main stylistic recommendations. And they do not represent anything new: black clothes, lace, leather, frills, boots on the high platform, black or red corset, torn jeans, skirt and black mesh tights. Ribbon black T-shirts, gloves, Longslives, shirts and pants of black color are also appropriate. You can add an image to army boots, decorations in the form of crosses, spiders, skulls, dragons, silver chains, massive rings, collars with spikes, face piercing, not glamorous ornaments.

Standings from the total mass will help backpacks with spikes, stripes, paint stains, intentional breaks. It will only be left to make the most gloomy makeup, a bloody manicure, a hairstyle with the effect of oily hair - and ahead to unity with the world of darkness!

Photo

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the so-called dark century began in Europe, during which numerous barbaric tribes peak their vakhanalia on the remnants of the Roman cultural heritage. Against the background of endless wars, a partial revival of the Roman architectural tradition occurred, which took place in the Romanesque architectural style, formed about the X century and transformed after three hundred years in Gothic.

The gothic style in the architecture was formed in the XII-XIII centuries, together with the onset of the era of the High Middle Ages. It was based on the most romance heritage and the growing power of the Holy See, which was necessary to emphasize the appropriate scale of church structures.

It is worth noting that the Church owned as the minds of people in those days that her agents have raised the huge human masses at the adventure, called later by the first cross campaign, as a result of which Jerusalem was captured and founded Christian states in Malaya Asia. This, in turn, contributed to the development of pilgrimage, and already pilgrims brought a considerable income of the church itself, whose representatives also enriched on the sale of indulgences, demonstrating fake relics and just donations. But, despite the dubious methods, limited which the Literon Cathedral of 1215, first in France, and after and in other European countries, beautiful cathedrals are erected, marking their appearance a new dawn of European culture and gothic, as an architectural direction.

Bourges Cathedral

The pioneers in the gothic architecture were members of the Bennedkintse Order. It was under the vaults of the Burgundy abbey, the key of them was developed its own type of basilica, first embodied in the five-fri basilica closer built in 1088. Basilica was distinguished by the presence of two transhept and expanded due to the crown of the capel of the altar part.

The use of the Capel's crown was due to the culture of the relevant rapidly developed at that time, as mentioned a little earlier. In 1220, the Basilica was expanded - from the West, a three-pitched room was completed, thanks to which Basilica became one of the largest Catholic temples of that time. The third basilica of the key, erected on the basis of the first first, became the prototype of the overwhelming majority of large-scale French cathedrals in the style of gothic. But alas - only its drawings reached this day, and the building itself was demolished in 1807.

Third Basilica Key (Reconstruction)

For the development of Gothic in the architecture, there was a lot of efforts by Abbot Sugarya, under whose leadership in the first half of the XII century the Basilica of the Abbey of Saint-Denis was rebuilt. It is this event that it is customary to consider the starting accurate history of the European Gothic.

According to the plan of Sugarya, the light, the flooded temple, acts as a symbol of a vast divine light emanating from the creator himself. The lighter room of the gothic temples, compared to Romanesm, was promoted by the revolutionary refusal of the columns in favor of the Gothic framework. In addition, the internal space of the temple was now united, this technology has significantly saved construction resources and build higher structures. Another distinctive feature of Gothic can be called a strict symmetry, thanks to which the interior of gothic cathedrals looks very harmonious.

Among the most famous representatives of the Gothic architectural style in France, the Cathedral of the Parisian Our Lady, as well as Chartresky, Reimsky, Lanesian, Bourges and Amiens Cathedrals, can be called.

Gothic in the architecture of England began to appear at the end of the XII century. It is worth noting that if in France there was an active development of cities, the English cities developed quite slowly and the gothic temples were predominantly monastic type. The Cathedral in Salisbury is considered the purest sample of the early period of the English gothic, and Canterberian is considered the main Gothic Cathedral of England.

Most of all the common features with the French goth is carrying the building of the London Cathedral of the Westminster Abbey - it was here that I cried and buried the Norman rulers of England, starting with Wilhelm the conqueror. Among other significant English samples of gothic architecture, you can recall the cathedrals in Durham, York, Winchester, Ile and Lincoln.

Canterbury Cathedral

Gothic came to Germany from France, but, over time, has acquired its own unique features. Part of the structures, the construction of which was started significantly earlier, were completed with the use of characteristic gothic elements of decor and design, becoming the basis of a kind of romance-gothic style, to which Michaelskire, St. Bartolomeus Chapel, St. Kilian Cathedral and others.

One of the first buildings, with exclusively gothic features, specialists call the Church of Our Lady in Trier, the shape of which is an equilibrium cross, elongated only in the altar part. A novelty not found in France was the location in every corner of the cross of two chapels. The German gothic has other differences from French: more geometrically strict shapes, entrance from the side facade, one or four turrets (traditionally two in France), more severe external decor of buildings, etc. The only exception is the Cathedral in Cologne, created in the characteristic For French Gothic style.

In the northern part of Europe, due to the deficit of sandstone and marble, traditionally used for the construction of gothic cathedrals, there was a t. Brick gothic. Builders used figure brick, which allowed to create gothic patterns no worse than from the trimmed stone.

Gothic actively developed in Spain, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Italy - this style everywhere has undergone certain changes, while maintaining common features. The development of gothic interrupted "Black Death", twisting in the XIV century almost a third of the population of Europe. Subsequently, the Gothic received a kind of revival called "Burning Gothic" - the features of manherism were already traced.

Duomo, Cathedral in Milan, Flaming Gothic

Gothic in the architecture finally descended at the beginning of the 15th century, replaced by the Architecture of the Renaissance, whose masters drew inspiration in the spiritual and material culture of antiquity.

Neoetics in the architecture broke out with a bright flame of the 50s in the 18th century with the filing of the British aristocracy, after which they also appealed to the Gothic on continental Europe. This was facilitated by the idealization of the Middle Ages and the refusal of antiquity priorities. Neoetics turned into a national style of Victorian Britain. During this period, abandoned and unfinished cathedrals were completed and restored throughout Europe, a vivid example of which the Cologne Cathedral mentioned was already mentioned.

In Russia, during the dawn of European Gothic, there were more pressing problems, rather than the construction of cathedrals, especially since the gothic forms characteristic of Catholicism did not fit into the Orthodox tradition. But in the XVIII century, together with the dawn of neootics in Europe, in the Russian Empire, it was still his own, unique, Russian pseudochik, who, which, which, traditional gothic features, elements