Population of the Caucasian Mountains. Mountains of the Caucasus - Some of the most beautiful mountains of the world
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Caucasian Mountains are a mountain system between the Black, Azov and Caspian seas. The etymology of the name is not installed.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Great Caucasus and the Small Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and the Transcaucasia, the border between which is carried out on the main, or water-seed, the Range of the Grand Caucasus, which occupies the central position in the mountain system.
The Big Caucasus extends more than 1,100 km from the North-West to the southeast, from the Anapa district and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, next to Baku. The maximum width of the large Caucasus reaches in the area of \u200b\u200bMeridian Elbrus (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is a main Caucasian (or water-seated) ridge, north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extends, including a monoclinal (cooist) character (see Big Caucasus). The southern slope of the Big Caucasus mostly consists of a coolese ridges adjacent to the main Caucasus ridge. Traditionally, the large Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the East Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
Countries and regions
- South Ossetia
- Abkhazia
- Russia:
- Adygea
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Krasnodar region
- North Ossetia Alania
- Stavropol region
- Chechnya
Caucasia city
- Adygeisk
- Alagir.
- Argun.
- Baksan
- Buynaksk
- Vladikavkaz
- Gag
- Gelendzhik
- Grozny
- Gudauta
- Gudermes
- Dagestan lights
- Derbent
- Duchi.
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdididi
- ImemberBash
- Karabulak
- Karachayevsk
- Kaspiysk
- Quex
- Kizilyurt
- Kizlya
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi.
- Leningor
- Magas
- Maikop.
- Malgobek
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Natkala
- Nevinnomyssk
- Novorossiysk
- Ochamchyra
- Chill
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol.
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Urus-Martan
- Tbilisi
- Terek
- Tuapse
- Tyrnyauz
- Khasavyurt
- Tkalar
- Tskhinval
- Cherkessk
- South Sukhokumsk
Climate
The climate in the Caucasus differ in both verticals (in height) and horizontally (by latitude and location). Temperature is usually reduced by exaltation. The average annual temperature in Sukhum, Abkhazia at sea level is 15 degrees Celsius, and on the slopes of the mountains. Kazbek at an altitude of 3700 m, the average annual air temperature drops to -6.1 degrees Celsius. On the northern slope of the Greater Caucasian Range on 3 degrees Celsius is colder than on the southern slopes. In the highland areas of the Small Caucasus in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, there is a sharp contrast of temperatures between the summer and in winter due to the continental climate. 
The amount of precipitation increases from east to west in most areas. Height above sea level plays an important role: in the Caucasus and in the mountains usually drops a large amount of precipitation than in low-level areas. Northeastern regions (Dagestan) and the southern part of the Small Caucasus are dry. The absolute minimum of annual precipitation is 250 mm in the northeastern part of the Caspian lowland. The western part of the Caucasus is characterized by a high amount of precipitation. On the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Ridge more precipitation than on the northern slopes. Annual rainfall in the western part of the Caucasus ranges from 1000 to 4000 mm, whereas in the eastern and North Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ossetia, Kakheti, Kartli, etc.) The amount of precipitation ranges from 600 to 1800 mm . The absolute maximum of annual precipitation is 4100 mm in the area of \u200b\u200bMeskhetia and Adjara. The level of precipitation in the Small Caucasus (South of Georgia, Armenia, the West of Azerbaijan), not including messenger, varies from 300 to 800 mm per year. 
The Caucasus is known for a large number of snowfalls, although many regions that are not located along the slopes from the windward side do not get a lot of snow. This is especially true for the Small Caucasus, which is somewhat isolated from the influence of the humidity coming from the Black Sea and gets significantly less precipitation (in the form of snow) than in the mountains of the Grand Caucasus. On average, snow cover in the mountains of the Small Caucasus ranges from 10 to 30 cm. In the mountains of the Grand Caucasus (in particular, heavy snowfalls are marked in the mountains of the Grand Caucasus. Avalanches are frequent phenomenon from November to April.
Snow cover in some regions (Svaneti, in the northern part of Abkhazia) can reach 5 meters. The Achishho district is the most snowfown in the Caucasus, the snow cover of which reaches a depth of 7 meters.
Landscape
Caucasian Mountains have a varied landscape, which basically changes vertically and depends on the distance from large reservoirs. The region contains biomes, ranging from subtropical low-levels of glaciers and forests of glaciers (Western and Central Caucasus) and ending with high-mountain semi-deserts, steppes and alpine meadows in the south (mainly Armenia and Azerbaijan).
On the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus at lower altitudes, oak, rhine, maple and ash, and birch and pine forests prevail on the elevations. Some of the lowest areas and slopes are covered with steppes and meadows. 
On the slopes of the North-West Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, etc.) also contain spruce and fir forests. In the highland zone (about 2,000 meters above sea level) predominate forests. Eternal Merzlot (Glacier) usually begins approximately at an altitude of 2800-3000 meters.
On the southeastern slope of the Big Caucasus, the beech, oak, maple, rhine and ash. Bukov forests are usually dominated at large altitudes.
On the south-western slope of the Greater Caucasus, oak, beech, chestnut, rhine and elm at lower altitudes, coniferous and mixed forests (spruce, fir and beech) are common - at large altitudes. Eternal Merzlot starts at a height of 3000-3500 m.
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Caucasian Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains are located on the variety of Caspian and Black Seas. From the Eastern European Plain, the Caucasus separates Kuro-Manic Wpadina. The territory of the Caucasus can be divided into several parts: the Predog Caucasus, the Big Caucasus and the Transcaucasus. On the territory of the Russian Federation only the predfacase and the northern part of the Big Caucasus are located. The last two parts together are called the North Caucasus. However, for Russia, this part of the territory is the most southern. Here, on the ridge of the Main Ridge, the State Border of the Russian Federation is held, followed by Georgia and Azerbaijan. The entire Caucasian ridge system covers an area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 2600 m2, and it takes it about 1450 m2, while southern only about 1150 m2.
North Caucasian Mountains are relatively young. The relief of them was created by different tectonic structures. In the southern part, folded-boulder mountains and the foothills of the Greater Caucasus are located. They were formed when filling in deep deflection zones with sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which later underwent folding. Tectonic processes here were accompanied by significant bends, stretching, breaking and fault faults. As a result of this, a large amount of magma was poured on the surface (this led to the formation of significant ore deposits). Raises that happened here in the non -ogenic and quaternary periods led to the elevation of the surface and the similarity of the relief that exists today. The rise of the central part of the Greater Caucasus was accompanied by lowering the layers at the edges of the resulting ridge. So in the east, the Terek-Caspian deflection was formed, and in the west of Indo-Kubansky.
Often, the big Caucasus represent as the only ridge. In fact, this is a whole system of various ridges that can be divided into several parts. The Western Caucasus is located from the Black Sea coast to Mount Elbrus, then (from Elbrus to Kazbeka) follows the Central Caucasus, and east of Kazbek to the Caspian Sea - the East Caucasus. In addition, two ridges can be distinguished in the longitudinal direction: water-generable (sometimes called it mainly) and side. On the northern slope of the Caucasus, the rocky and pasture ridges are distinguished, as well as Black Mountains. They were formed as a result of the searches of the reservoirs, isolated from different solidity of sedimentary rocks. One slope of the ridge here is flat, and the other breaks down quite sharply. As the axial zone removes the height of the mountain ranges decreases.
The chain of the Western Caucasus begins at the Taman Peninsula. At the very beginning, it is rather not even the mountains, but the hills. They begin to rise to the east. The highest parts of the North Caucasus are covered with snow caps and glaciers. The highest peaks of the Western Caucasus are Fisht Mountains (2870 meters) and Oshten (2810 meters). The highest part of the Mining System of the Big Caucasus is the Central Caucasus. Even some passes at this point reach a height of 3 thousand meters, and the lowest of them (crusad) lies at an altitude of 2380 meters. Here are the highest peaks of the Caucasus. For example, the height of the Kazbek Mountain is 5033 meters, and the two-headed extinct Volcano Elbrus is at all the highest peak of Russia.
The relief here is very disseminated: sharp crests prevail, steep slopes and rocky peaks. The eastern part of the Big Caucasus is mainly numerous ridges of Dagestan (translated the name of this region means "mountainous country"). There are complex branched ridges with steep slopes and deep canyon-shaped river valleys. However, the height of the vertices is less here than in the central part of the mining system, but still they exceed the height of 4 thousand meters. Raising the Caucasian mountains continues in our time. Pretty frequent earthquakes in this region of Russia are connected with this. To the north of the Central Caucasus, where the magma rising in the crack cracks did not pour into the surface, they were formed low, the so-called island mountains. The largest of them are Beshtau (1400 meters) and Mashuk (993 meters). Numerous sources of mineral waters are located at their base.
The so-called Precaucasis is occupied by the Kubanskaya and Terek-Kum lowland. They are separated from each other, the Stavropol elevation, the height of which is 700-800 meters. Stavropol elevation is dismembered by wide and deep embedded valleys, beams and ravines. Based on this site, a young stove lies. The structure is made up of non -ogenic formations covered with limestone deposits - lessisa and lessoidal sublinks, and in the eastern part of the marine sediments of the Quaternary period. Climate regime on this territory is quite favorable. Pretty high mountains serve as a good obstacle for penetrating cold air here. Also affects the proximity of a long cooling sea. The Big Caucasus is the boundary between two climatic belts - subtropical and moderate. In the Russian territory, the climate is still moderate, but the above factors contribute to quite high temperatures.
The Caucasus Mountains as a result of the winter in the predfaccasia are sufficiently warm (the average temperature in January is about -5 ° C). This is facilitated by the warm air masses incoming from the Atlantic Ocean. On the Black Sea coast, the temperature is rarely lowered below the zero mark (the average temperature of January 3 ° C). In mountainous areas, the temperature naturally below. So, the average temperature on the plain in the summer is about 25 ° C, and in the upper reaches of the mountains - 0 ° C. The precipitation on this territory is mainly due to cyclone coming from the West, as a result of which their amount to the east gradually decreases.
Most of the precipitation falls on the southwestern slopes of the Big Caucasus. Their number at the Kubansky Plain is about 7 times lower. In the mountains of the North Caucasus, an olelion is developed, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich this area ranks first among all areas of Russia. The rivers flowing here are powered by water formed by melting glaciers. The largest Caucasian rivers are Kuban and Terek, as well as their numerous tributaries. Mountain rivers, as usual, are fleeting, and in their lower reaches there are wetlands of crumpled reed and cane.
They are no less known in the world than Cordillera, the mountain system, stretching along the western outskirts of North and South America for as much more than eighteen thousand kilometers long and width of 1600 kilometers, with the highest vertex of Denali in 6190 meters above sea level in North America, Also Akonkagua - 6963 meters above sea level in South America. Many countries - Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile border Cordillera. No less known Kordiller Mountain System of Himalayas with the highest peak of Chochi - 8,611 meters above sea level at the Border of the PRC and Pakistan and from one vertex of Lhotse, exceeding a height of eight kilometers on the border of the PRC and Nepal. On the globe admire also Tibet with the highest vertex in the world in Everest - 8852 meters above sea level. However, there are other mountain systems on earth on earth on different continents, attracting attention to which thousands and thousands of bold vertices conquerors seek to climb.
From the legendary taman to the gray Caspian
The Great Caucasian Mountains are essentially two mountain systems - a large and small Caucasus in Eurasia. They stretched more than 1,100 kilometers from the north-west to southeast, and even more specifically, from the Taman Peninsula in the area and along the Black Sea coast to the Absheron Peninsula at the Sea Caspian and near the capital of Azerbaijan Baku. Maximum width of the mining system of 180 kilometers. Compared to the Cordillers, it is hardly a ninth part, but nevertheless noticeable and, which is the root cause of the appearance of a subtropical zone in Russia. In which annually recover their health and fully rest over 15 million as our fellow citizens and guests from near and far abroad. Big Caucasus is divided into three parts: Western - from the Black Sea to Elbrus; Central - from Elbrus to Kazbek and finally the East Caucasus - from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea. As for height above sea level, in Everest she is equal to 5642 meters, Kazbek 5033. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe Great Caucasian Mountains is 1400 square kilometers. In part, this is the edge of eternal snow and glaciers. The area of \u200b\u200bglaciers is offset for 2050 square kilometers. Large icing center - Mount Elbrus Plus Benefic Wall - 17 kilometers.
The edge of five dozen peoples
Great Caucasian Mountains are thick inhabited. There are in mind its foothills. Abkhaza, Ingush, Ossetians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Adygi (Circassians) and many other people, united by the general name - Caucasian peoples, live here. For the most part, this is Muslims. But widespread and Christians are Ukrainians, Georgians, Russians, Armenians, as well as a noticeable part of Ossetians and Abkhazians. By the way, the Armenian and Georgian churches are the oldest in the world. Thanks to many of them, these two people of the Great Caucasus have retained their originality, morals and customs. We will add to this - Caucasian peoples for a hundred years were under a foreign department - the Turks, Persians, Russians. Now they have gained independence, steel sovereign.
Twenty-five translated vertices
It is so much that they have the Great Caucasus from Elbrus to Dombay - Ulgen - 4046 meters above sea level. Alpinists are popular: Dykhtau - 5204 meters above sea level; Pushkin's peak is 5100 m., We have already mentioned Cazbek; Shota Rustaveli - 4960m., Gulchi-Tau - 4447 meters, etc.
The Great Caucasus is abundant by rivers, lakes and waterfalls
Burnting at the mountain peaks, some fall into - Bzybe, Kodor, Ingur (Inguri), Rioni, Mzymt, and others. B is the largest Kuban in the Krasnodar Territory. And in the Caspian - Kura, Samur, Terek, Suna, Baksan - all of their more than two dozen. Among the majestic Caucasian Mountains are world famous Lake Sevan (Armenia). It is located at an altitude of 1900 meters above sea level. Its area is 1240 square kilometers, depth - from twenty to more than eighty meters. 28 rivers fall into the lake, but only one follows - hedded, the influx of Araks. By the way, it will notice - and the Caspian and Black Sea essence of the remainder of the Overacter Ocean Tetis. From the oldest days of the name, the Black Sea has changed - Khazar, Sugdesta, Temurun, Kimmeria, Ahshaene, Blue, Tavrichesky, Holy and Even Ocean. The current name is associated with its color to raging storms. It really looks black. In the old days he was also called not hospitable, angry. It was received by the Caspian reservoir by the name, who had once had the tribes of Konevodov - Caspis. It was called Girkansky, Gyerazhansky, Holy, Derbent - just over seven tens of names.
And about one unique water bodice of the Great Caucasus - fantastic in the natural beauty of Waterfall Zeigalan (otherwise it is also called a large Zapeelan waterfall). It is located in North Ossetia in the Midagabindon River Valley in seven kilometers south of the village of Jimar. The height of the fall is 600 meters. Translated from Ossetian - "Falling Avalanche". It is among the ten most ambitious and famous waterfalls. It is pushing a fellow gavari in France - 422 meters high and Crim in Austria - 380 meters. Takes start from a hanging glacier at a height of 650-700 meters. The most peak of the runoff falls on the summer months of July-August. In winter, it dries and marked only by ice subkears on the rocks. The waterfall area is part of the Kazbek-Jimraja mountain assembly, the largest not only in North Ossetia, but in the whole of the great Caucasus. The place is delicious in its beauties - on the slopes of the mountains of the sea of \u200b\u200bflowers, disintegration, the aromas of alpine meadows are circling their heads. But it is necessary to warn - the waterfall is dangerous for people: stonepads happen, there are slices from the melting glacier from above. Nevertheless, the waterfall is actively visiting. Tourists take off the grandiose panorama of the waterfall on the camera or a television.
Flora and the Fauna of the Great Caucasus
As for the flora, it is represented by almost six and a half thousand flowering plants. Of these, 166 are inherent in the mountains only. Subtropics are famous for dozens of palm trees. Relic juniper grow here, pistachio; Pitsundskaya pine, oaks, graphs, mimosa, tulip tree, magnolia, bamboo - all the breed of trees and do not list. Separate oaks-patriarchs aged for a thousand years. Tourists are advised to walk in the groves of juniper. Especially those who have asthma or bronchitis. Juniper's breath in minutes kills all microbes and viruses in man. Day, another, the third walk, and you were born again! It also contributes to the sea air, densely infused in the salts of bromine, calcium, potassium, etc.
As for the fauna of the Great Caucasian Mountains, it is also rich here too and diverse. Screensy on wild boars (Beware of Mamash Dapash with Young: Fangs of males is sharp, and there were cases when a meeting with boars ended with serious injuries or worse than the death!). They are found here and sulfur, mountain goats, bears. Sometimes lived and lynx, and leopards. Asian lions and tigers. Caucasian bison extinted in 1925. The last elk killed in 1810. Great many invertebrates - only spiders for a thousand species. The Great Caucasus is also the area of \u200b\u200bhabitat of the Berkuts, which poachers are mined and sell for big money by scales. Berkcats love to hunt on the Caucasus itself, and in Kazakhstan, and in Kyrgyzstan, and in Saudi Arabia, in other regions and planet countries.
Stela of "Parenting Eagle"
She appeared in 2013 near the resort villages and Supcess, not far from the barbaria, from where he taking the beginning of the gas pipeline called "Turkish Stream", and is open as races to the day of Russia. Nine kilometers from Anapa. The authors are the sculptor V. Polekov in the Commonwealth with the architect Y. Rysin.
The monument is made of their cold bronze, guaranteeing its durability and which are not terrible any changes to weather. A soaring eagle with a wide range of wings and proudly raised to the sky head means the beginning of the Great Caucasian Mountains. Before Stel, there is a platform for vehicles. Tourists, and they are here passing to other resort villages Large and Small Utris, thousands and thousands necessarily stop and photograph or remove the monument on the camcorder. By the way, from the "steaming eagle" there is a stunning view of Anapa and the bays, in which the city has been abolished (in the distant old old old old ancient Gorgippia, and the slave trade was actively conducted, their own coins were focused, and representatives of known from different regions of the Caucasus came and sailed here behind the Belolic Brides!). In good weather, the coast is viewed up to the bank of Mary Magdalen, that the village - and where divers come and flew and fly away from all of Russia, but also from abroad. So, the Great Caucasian Mountains begins with football and, in particular, with a bald mountain height of just 319 meters above sea level, other hills and even lower. The foothills are at the very beginning of the Semisam Range, which is part of the Caucasian Mountain chain. A bald mountain is called due to the absence of any vegetation at all. No, no, herbs and flowers are found there. But not more. Recall once again - from the center of Anapa to the Bald Mountain nine kilometers, and from the outskirts of the city three times less. And hand, what is called, to file to small and. And these places are well known to tourists.
Large Utrich is one of the main attractions of the beginning of the Great Caucasus - Dolphinarium in the open sea and with the theater. In the high season is given daily by several views. Artists - marine animals. Under the curtain of a peculiar play, Dolphins-Aphlegnes deftly jump on the platform and willingly take pictures with all those who wish or removed on the tool. They can be hugging them from the soul, to kiss or swim in the water area of \u200b\u200bDolphinarium. And at this time, the seal, leaning on his tail, is excitely applauding the public with its flops. On Big Utrish, according to the legends, the hero of Prometheus was chained to one of the rocks, who gave people the sacred fire and thereby called the fierce anger from the main god of Olympus Zeus-Ruzhvyz. Zeus ordered to see the breath of the rock with strong chains, and the bloodthirsty eagle flew to the martyr to torment with sharp claws his liver. True, the inhabitants of the neighboring Sochi Anapa objected, de Prometheus was chained in the Orline Rock area at the former capital of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. And even built a monument to the hero - it is worth the Prometheus on the grief with the chains broken in their hands, and he has a proud look of the winner! And yet, the statement of the Sochns causes doubts: the eagle rocks are located away from the sea, at the fast river. But in the open-air museum in the center of Anapa "Gorgippia" found a crypt with the frescoes of the features of another mythological hero - Hercules. And from the myths of ancient Greece, it is known for certain - from the chains of Prometheus freed heracles. He and bloodthirsty eagleproogany. Who is right who is wrong - let specialists decide. But in Anapa, which no one and half of a half thousand years, persistently consider - the rock of Prometheus is still on the Big Utrish. An irrefutable, in their opinion, and another legend - de past the rocks of a big designer in search of a golden rune sailed Argonauts led by their brave captain Jason. Here are such secrets of the Great Caucasian Mountains from Anapa and steles of the "steaming eagle".
Verses from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik
In today five resort zones: Sochi, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Anapa and Taman. From each of them to another, what is called hand to hand. And they all stretched along the Black Sea coast with the exception of Tamani, which has a way out also to the Azov Sea. And the Black Sea coast is mainly protected by the mountains. In addition to Anapa, which, as we noticed, the great Caucasian mountains begin, but in general the municipality comes out from the sea to steppe spaces. And only in the Novorossiysk area, as a continuation of the Semisam Range with Bald Mountain, the foothills gradually rises, moving to the Marcoth Range or on Adyg in Marcoth, stretching from Novorossiysk towards Gelendzhik to more than ninety kilometers. The highest mountain, towering over Novorossiysk - Sugar head (558 meters above sea level). Gradually rising, the Marcoth Range in some places goes to upper than 700 meters. It consists of limestone, sandstone, clay, but its main component is Mergel, which is coming to the manufacture of cement. In Novorossiysk, this is especially noticeable - the plants for the production of this type of building materials are working, and dust around the column. Marcoth Range, note, goes parallel to the south of the main Caucasian ridge. Between Novorossiysk and Anapa many attractions. In particular, the Monument of Nature is the Sheshouse Juniper Parldasshe. We were told about the healing properties of the relic juniper, therefore I will not be repeated, we emphasize that it is especially useful in the treatment of asthma and bronchi. From Anapa to Novorossiysk directly 40 kilometers, in the motorway - 52. It is possible to overcome them a little more than forty minutes. And if you drive another 14 kilometers towards Gelendzhik, then you will find yourself in the Abrauan Peninsula, in the southern end of which is a big utrety with your famous dolphinarium in the open sea and the theater. But the main chip of the peninsula is undoubtedly the place of Abrau-Durso, comfortably located among the mountains and the part of the municipality of the city resort Novorossiysk.
Specific estate of Russian sovereign
At the village of Double Name -. And this has its own reason. One village is located in the mountains, among the fantastic beauty nature. Here and the river with the same name and the largest freshwater lake in the Caucasus with the same name as the village. With a population of about three thousand living, as in paradise. Soft climate, warm winter and vineyards, vineyards, vineyards. Abrau Lake is 3100 meters long, 630 width, depth of 8 to 11 meters, by the way, there is a fish. Gorgeous embankment - with arbors, benches. In summer, the water is warm, and in the lake can be happy to swim. But you can plunge into the Black Sea. The second village of the royal estate is Durso. Today there are both the recreation centers, and the health resort, where you can relax and become.
Abrau village is known in the world with its refined taste of Russian champagne. In the origins of its production stood prince Lion Golitsyn. And the relay picked up, as it is not surprising, Joseph Stalin, who ordered to establish the release of domestic champagne in the southern regions of the country and in Abrau, in particular. And such an instruction was kept in the Government Decree of 1936. As for the production of champagne under the patronage of Golitsyn, the first of his party was produced in 1898. And two years later, in Abrau, his powerful winery appeared, from Novorossiysk to the village they laid the vehicles. Now Abrau has a museum of famous wines, as well as a corporate store in which tourists can buy Russian champagne under the brand "Abrau-Durso", dry wines and even brandy. A lot of entertainment on the coast in Durso is water attractions, "bananas", "tablets", you can rush with a breeze on the waves on water bikes. And in Abrau are popular horseback riding in local foothills, mountainous tourism, including jeep or extreme trip, but already on mountain motorcycles.
Marcoth at Gelendzhik
Until the famous no less than Anapa, the resort from Novorossiysk Distance to the Bulk Void - directly three tens of kilometers, on a tenth of kilometers more. The trip will take somewhere just over forty minutes. And now you will appear the most extended embankment in the world - 14 kilometers. With a graceful figure of a bride from a white marble, which is well visible from the height of the Marcoth Range of 762 meters above sea level. Translated from the Adygh "Marcotch" literally means "berry places", and here really delicious blackberries can be collected by buckets. Coles, however, but what is called "without difficulty caught and fish from the pond!". High vertices in the vicinity of Gelendzhik Several - Shahhan at the Zhana River (700 meters above sea level); Pshad - 741 meters by the river with the same name and 43 kilometer long, flowing into the Black Sea; Gebius - 735 meters above sea level. The Marcoth Range itself extended along the Gelendzhik Bay - charmingly beautiful from a bird's eye view, and even more so with top of the surrounding mountains. The resort is famous for its Safari Park, in which lions live in vivo, tigers, bears and other animals. Behind their lives can be observed with a chair suspended road. At the top of the Irkotkh Range - a fantastic forest - with Lesus, mermaid on the branches of a tree, Baba Yaga and other fabulous characters. From the observation deck, the yachts and other vessels in the bay, seagulls, cormorants, petrels, solving over the blue sea with white scallops of the waves.
And the mountains are all higher, and the mountains are worse!
And this is true, if you go from Gelendzhik to the large - the southern capital of Russia, stretching along the Black Sea coast for a whole hundred forty-five kilometers. In the world, only one city is the longer the former capital of the past Winter Olympic Games, in which our team won with Triumph and who struck the planet with their colorful opening and closing ceremonies - the capital Mexico Mexico - 200 kilometers. And in the native fatherland of Sochi, the length is ahead of Volgograd, stretching along the Great Volga River 90 with more than 90 kilometers. So here's about the height of the local mountains. Having overcome the distance from Gelendzhik to Sochi 246 kilometers over almost four hours (sheepskin is worth it!), You can climb, including the excursion groups, on one of the surrounding vertices. You can start with small - Mount Akhun - 663 meters above sea level. And then the height of the mountains will go on an increasing: sugar fifteen kilometers from the city - 1555 meters; PSOGISA - 2216 meters; Large weaving - 2368 meters; Achishho - 2391 meters; Peak Bazlie - 2482 meters; Turning southern - 2503 meters; Stone pillar - 2509 meters; PSHEO-SU - 2743 meters; Oshten - 2804 meters; Fisht - 2853 meters; Peak Kozhevnikova - 3070 meters; Pic needle - 3168 meters; Sugar pseashho - 3189 meters; Atheist - 3256 meters and finally the highest peak of all Cuban Tsakhvo - 3346 meters above sea level. This is not so little, if we consider that the highest peak of the great Caucasian mountains and even Europe - Elbrus height in 5642 meters above sea level.
The famous ski resort "Krasnaya Polyana"
It is located on average Mzimti mountain river that translated from Adygh - "Ramane", uncontrollable "," indomitable "- there are other interpretations. Blows into the Black Sea. 39 kilometers long. Above the gorge over it The famous pedestrian suspension bridge is the most Long in the world. From Him, extreme lovers make jumps in the abyss of the elastic cable. Here is a popular attraction - a giant swing with a sparing pendulum in Polkilometer. From the west of Mount Achishho, from the east - Aibga Ridge. Immediately in the vicinity of the top Fistt, in honor of which A stadium was named, where the opening and closing ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in 2014 were held. Red Polyana - Ski Resort, who may well compete with his fellows in the same Switzerland or in other mountain places of the planet. A year here is resting more than a million compatriots and foreign Guests. At their disposal one hundred and more kilometers of snow tracks of different difficulty levels - 6 green, 8 blue, 16 red and 6 black. Comfortable on them m Hell feel experienced skiers and beginners and children. Among the independent ski resorts - "Rosa-Khutor", "Alpika-Service", "Gorki City" and GTC Gazprom. Day in skiing, evening disco, karaoke, pleasant evenings in cafe, restaurants, casino. All accommodations are enough - hotels, hotels, guest houses, you can remove the cottage. No problems with transport. Before Adler, forty kilometers. Fly there can be direct flights from many regions of Russia. And then railway transport with famous "swallows" or by regular buses, even faster than personal cars. The road will not seem tedious to you. Especially with such fantastic natural beauties! By the way, there are enough databases on the Red Polyana with ski rental, snowboarding, sled and so on.
Arriving in Sochi to rest and treatment (he takes more than five million tourists per year, not including those who prefer snow tracks working from November and in April inclusive, and sometimes grabbing the beginning of May), be sure to visit the Olympic Park. It is located at the Black Sea itself. With Fisht Stadium and other sports facilities built to the White Olympiad. All of them are unique architecture. The Ice Palace reminds Peking Opera - as an icing drop. And the bowl of Olympic Fire! It looks like a fire-bird from the Russian folk fairy tale. In the Olympic Park - the Trus "Formula 1", and the competitions on the pilots do not leave anyone indifferent. Fans come from all parts of light and stay in a great delight. There is a "Disneyland" in the park with dozens of attractions. The souvenirs, including the mascots of games, can be purchased into local permissions. Just keep in mind - in one day the park can not get around. It covers an area almost in two hundred hectares. In Imeretin lowland. Do not go around for the day and on electric vehicles: so many attractions in it. Natural beauty Tuapse
The famous resort town is located between Gelendzhik and Sochi. From the southern capital of Russia removed by 117 kilometers - less than two hours drive. From Gelendzhik - 129 kilometers, ride just over two hours. Protecting the resort from the evil northern winds of the mountains in an average height from 1352 to 1453 meters above sea level. But there are exceptions - the peak of Shezsi ascended to the sky at 1839 meters. Among the attractions of the Mountain Semiglabia, Wolf Gorge, the rock of Alexander Kiselev, who goes into the sea and named after the artist. In the city itself - subtropical plants. In the foothills and locals and tourists with pleasure collect European blackberries. The resort area has sanatoriums, boarding houses, children's health camps. Cargo, and passenger ships are moored in the seaport. You can rent a yacht, go out on it in the open sea, to divide, swim in the purest water or sunbathe on the deck. Love tourists during maritime walks to arrange and picnics.
Republic of Adygea
It is part of the Southern Federal District with the capital of Maikop with a half-million population. Part of the North Caucasus Economic Area. From all sides is surrounded by the Krasnodar Territory. In the republic, forty-five Aules, there are villages, stages, farm. From the streets of Maikop, the main Caucasian ridge is clearly visible. Attractions are popular with Lago Naki Plateau tourists. Ten waterfalls Rufabgo - each with its name. River Kuban, White, Laba. The white river is 260 kilometers long. And nourish her mountain streams and Spring Fishe, Oshden and Abago. Granite canyon with a length of four kilometers and a depth of two hundred meters. Sakhraian waterfalls. Mountain Lake Pseudona. Frequently visited by tourists of the rock of the devil finger, mountains monk, large weaver, trident, camel, Range of un-goat. The mountains are high enough, recall, the top Fistt climbed 2868 meters above sea level. This her name received the stadium, where the opening and closing ceremonies and the closing of the Winter Olympic Games in 2014, so struck with their paintness and originality inherent in Russian mentality.
Dagestan - Country of Mountains
There is a popular saying on this. Its especially often lead in speeches on December 11, when the whole world celebrates the International Day of Mountains. And the highest vertices of the Great Caucasus here - Shalbuzdag - 4150 meters above sea level. In July and August, a real pilgrimage: the grave of the righteous of Suleiman is located here. Mountain resembles a pyramid with a toothed vertex. There is a belief if you climb it - all the desires and dreams will come true. And thousands of tourists try to do it. But the capital of Dagestan Makhachkala directly stretched along Mount Tarka-Tau - a unique natural monument from mountain monolith. It is known good and because in 1722, the Army of Peter's first entered the package. The top of the Great Caucasus named Bazarduzyu is considered the southernmost point of Russia. She ascended to a height of 4466 meters above sea level. The first ascent is committed in 1935.
You can talk about the mountains of Dagestan. But he has another unique landmark - just fifteen kilometers from Makhachkala, his capitals, the seamy Caspian is splashing - the largest water-tailed reservoir, the largest lake on the planet in Europe and Asia. Its area is 371 thousand square kilometers. The depth exceeds a kilometer. It has more than 140 species of fish, of which the most famous Beluga, with which if you meet - you will be afraid: I'm not shark? There are sturgeon, giving black caviar and such species as bream, horse, bleak, river eel, sipovka, Nalim - do not list everyone! The Great Russian River Volga River 3,530 kilometers falls to the Caspian Sea (Lake), from the coast of which Stalingrad was captured by the 300 thousand Hitler's army headed by Field Marshal Paulus. For rest to the Caspian Sea, thousands and thousands of tourists of both our compatriots and foreign ones come to the Caspian Sea. In particular, near Makhachkala, there are sanatoriums, boarding houses, and children's health camps. True, the coast of the Caspian Sea is not very much mastered, but a course is taken to create another popular resort area here. What? White shallow sand, clean water - sunbathing, swim, catch fish, Warm from her on the shore of fragrant ear!
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It is divided into two mountain systems: the Great Caucasus and the Small Caucasus. The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and the Transcaucasia, the border between which is carried out on the main, or water-seed, the Range of the Grand Caucasus, which occupies the central position in the mountain system. The Big Caucasus extends more than 1,100 km from the North-West to the southeast, from the Anapa district and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, next to Baku. The maximum width of the large Caucasus reaches in the area of \u200b\u200bMeridian Elbrus (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is a main Caucasian (or water-seated) ridge, north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extends, including a monoclinal (cooist) character (see Big Caucasus). The southern slope of the Big Caucasus mostly consists of a coolese ridges adjacent to the main Caucasus ridge. Traditionally, the large Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the East Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
The most famous vertices - Elbrus (5642 m) and Kazbek (5033 m) are covered by eternal snow and glaciers. Big Caucasus - region with large modern glaciation. The total number of glaciers is about 2,050, which occupied area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 1,400 km 2. More than half of the glaciation of the Great Caucasus focused on the Central Caucasus (50% of the number and 70% of the glaciation area). The major centers of glaciation are Mount Elbrus and the Benefic Wall (with the Benelli Glacier, 17 km). From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to Kuro-Manic Wpadin extends the predfabcasus with extensive plains and elevations. To the south of the Big Caucasus there are colchis and Kura-Araksinskaya lowland, the in-home-party plain and Alazan-Alazan Valley [Kurinskaya Vpadina, within which Alazan-Author Valley and Kura-Araksinskaya lowland] are located. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus - Talysh Mountains (high to 2477 m) with adjacent Lenkran lowland. In the middle and in the west of the southern part of the Caucasus there is a Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of ridges of the Small Caucasus and Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m). The Small Caucasus is connected to the Big Caucasus of the Likhsky ridge, in the West, the colchis lowland is separated from him, in the east - Kurinskaya depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m. Mountains near Sochi - Achishho, Aibga, Chigush (Chugush, 3238 m), Pseoashho, etc. (Red Polyana's resort area) - will be accepted by the participants of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
The report about the Caucasian Mountains, the Great Sightseeing and the highlight of the Caucasus is set forth in this article.
Message about Caucasian Mountains
Caucasian Mountains Geographical Position
They spread between Asia and Europe, the Middle and Middle East. Mountains of the Caucasus region are divided into 2 systems - small and large Caucasus. The Big Caucasus is located almost to Baku from Taman and includes the Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus. But the small Caucasus is a mountain varnish near the Black Sea. They are located between the Black Sea and Caspian coast, covering the territories of such countries - South Ossetia, Russia, Abkhazia, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey and Azerbaijan.
Translated, their name indicates the "Mountains keep the sky." The length of the Caucasian mountains is 1100 km, and their width is 180 km. The most famous and high vertices of the system are Mount Elbrus and Kazbek.
How old is the Caucasian Mountains?
The Caucasian Mountain System is the Alpha Rowers and has a 30-thymilion history, inscribed in Greek myths and biblical lines. According to the legend, when he released a pigeon in search of sushi, he brought a branch from the Caucasus Mountains. And in myths it is indicated that there is a prometheus, a person who gave fire to people.
What do caucasian mountains look like?
The mountains make in themselves a lot of unusual. On their vertices, you can find the preserved glaciation. Until now, earthquakes are observed here, since the Caucasian mountains from a geological point of view are young.
Their appearance is due to relief, which is represented by different forms. Under the sky, mountain peaks with sharp peaks were shot. They look like their outlines to the walls of the castle with the towers, then on the Egyptian pyramids. In the mountains there are also glaciers, rivers and areas with a surface of strongly damaged wind erosion.
Climate
The climate of the Mining system of the Caucasus is quite diverse. These places inherent in a pronounced explanation. Mountain data is a natural barrier preventing the movement of air masses, thereby determine the variety of climate. At the southern and western slopes, precipitation falls much more than in the northern and eastern slopes. Caucasian Mountains are located in almost all climatic zones: from wet subtropics with wet and warm winter, dry hot summer to a dry continental climate, moving into a semi-desert in the east.
Near the previations there are snowy cold winters with a dry summer, and the higher the mountains, the temperature drops. At an altitude of 3.5 thousand km. It reaches -4 0 S.
Flora and fauna
Caucasus Mountains are inhabited by unique animals. Among them are sulfur, boars, mountain goats, foxes and bears, a mountain low-majiah tushkanchik and horseback, and bears and leopards live in remote locations. On the way from the foot to the top, meadow alpine herbs and coniferous forests are growing, which "feed on" rivers, lakes, waterfalls, sources with mineral waters.
- For the first time, a person rose to the highest peak of the Caucasian Mountains system on July 22, 1829.
- In the Caucasus there are a lot of types of invertebrate animals, for example, about 1000 species of spiders live there until now.
In the Caucasus 6349 species of flowering plants, including 1600 local species.
In the Caucasus many endemic representatives - Slightly less than 1600 species of flora, 32 species of mammals and 3 species of birds.
- Eternal Merzlota begins at height 3000-3500 m.
We hope that the report about the Caucasian Mountains helped you prepare for the lesson. And your message about the Caucasian Mountains, you can leave through the comment form below.