Music theatrical art of India Theater. Indian theater Book miniatures

No cultural country can not be submitted without the theater. And India is no exception. Therefore, booking hotels in India, do not forget that in all Indian major cities you can get to theatrical performance. Moreover, the canons and the style of the Indian theater are very different from domestic drams and comedies, and therefore are no less interesting and even ingenious.

Theater in India came from ancient Greece. Although many specialists this thesis challenges, however, very many features of the Indian theater were inherent in Greek tragedies and comedies.

However, as in any other country, there were talented people in India who began to prepare scenarios for Indian works on their own. At the same time, local traditions and customs were laid on the Greek basis.

At the dawn of the appearance of the theater, only local rulers and very rich people could afford to afford a luxury. Therefore, their servants became the first actors. Professional actors appeared with the spread of the theater of Wishyr.

As for Indian plays, they are quite diverse, although many rules for them remained common. By volume, the works were very different. Among Indian drams can be found both small sketches and sketches, a duration of several minutes and large-scale works, whose actions are stretched for whole days.

Most of the Indian producers and the authors of the Pieces adhered to clear rules. There are several of them. First of all, violence was not allowed from the idea and plot on the scenes. In ancient India, it was enough for him without the theater, so it was not accepted to transfer the scenes of cruelty to theatrical layouts.

The second rule, which strictly observed, concerned the finals of the work. Therefore, it is not necessary to think that the happy end of the play or film is the inventions of Hollywood. He knew about him and used him in ancient India several centuries BC. Therefore, all Indian plays, both ancient and modern, clearly follow this rule. At the same time, the plot can be tragic and even a heartbreaking, however, ultimately, everything will end well.

A special question is the arrangement of the theater. This part of the theater presentation paid a lot of attention. Costumes for heroes carefully selected. For them, the most expensive matter was used, and the decorations were worth a lot of money. Although the ownership of actors theatrical props was not.

The rules of the production of Indian plays concerned and equipment scene. There was no Shirm or Curtains between the public and actors. Therefore, the actors entering the scene immediately hit the eyes of the audience. Decorations in the Indian Theater were also a bit. And the abundance of props was replaced with reinforced gesticulation, facial expressions and dances.

What is interesting, Indian actors did almost nothing. All actions were expressed by gestures and dance. And the public could guess what is happening, only understanding the special characters, which were expressed by gestures.

Indian theater is preferably to see with his own eyes. This is a very interesting and exciting spectacle.

Even in the Vedic period in. India was played by the sky theatrical ideas. At the beginning of our era, the first small theatrical premises appeared in the country. They did not have the scenery, the theater props - extremely poor, they replaced other artistic conventions: a certain walk, facial expressions, gestures.

Much attention was paid to the musical design of performances. However, unlike modern Indian performances, which, according to European theatrons, are oversaturated with singing, in the ancient Indian monologues and dialogs, the artists recited or read the charts, but did not sang. A remarkable feature of the ancient Indian theater was. His tendency to melodrama and pathetics inherent in the current theatrical in the art of the country. The tragic plots were not allowed on the stage from those considerations that the tragic enough and in real life.

Theater was extremely popular in. Ancient. India, especially among the intelligentsia, but the profession of the artist did not belong to the prestigious, was considered "sublawer", the artists themselves were shudras

Ancient Indians created a number of musical instruments, the most common of whom was similar to the ancient Egyptian lire of wine. Musicians also played on flute, other refunds and percussion instruments

Developed in. Ancient. India is also the art of vocal. Singing is most often the variation of a simple melody, which boiled down literally to the only musical phrase.

Indian art dance has changed little.

The ancient dances also played the main role of musical rhythm and gestures, and almost every dancer or dancer body participated in the dance, the little movement of the mother's motherhood or eyebrows was told to the whole history dedicated to the secrets of this art. The art of Indian dance is very complex. They needed years of intense labor.

Classification of Indian Theater

In Indian culture there is a separation of the theater for several types:

• Folk. This type of scenic art possessed the storyline, which was based on epos and Indian mythology. The acting profession in India did not use respect. This is due to the fact that the artist portrayed the gods in a funny and obscene case. The actors humiliated and considered the lower layers of society. But to gain skill in this profession, it was necessary to be a fairly educated person;

• Court. Presentations were arranged in the courtyards for confessing purposes.

Indian theatrical troupes included both men and women. They constantly naochesed from the city to the city, giving submissions in the people.

The main elements of theatrical performances in India were dance and music. All the actions of the participants in the performance were subordinate to the sounds of music. The dance is the basis of the entire Indian theater. By its origin, he owes ritual dances, which, after the development and improvement, became precisely what we see today.

Especially popular in India National Theater Kathakali, which originated in the southern side of this country. Cathakali is based on religious ritual, and instrumental music, facial expressions and gestures are just an addition. This genre of theatrical art has several features. First, it always begins with sunset, and secondly, it lasts at least six hours.

Painting, music, Indian theater.

World art culture, grade 10.

• What is the originality of Indian art?

Art painting

Main rules for artists:

• abide by the scale and proportion of the objects of the outside world,
• achieve expressiveness in the image of psychological experiences and emotions,
• transmit the beauty and grace of the surrounding nature.
• the main thing – railing in people the sublime feelings and the best quality character.

Mural in 29 cave temples Ajanta-Panorama of India's life.

Mural in the cave temples Ajanta

• The main place in the painting is occupied by the episodes of the life of Buddha and Jaitaki, history from the former Liberty of the Buddha.
• We see princes, solemn trips on elephants, ambassadors, walks. Here the life of ordinary people is also captured: peasants, beggars, hermits.
• Bright, motley, noisy life, among the magnificent vegetation, surrounded by exotic animals, deities, celestial dancers and musicians are filled with the joy and joy of being.

A young man with a lotus flower.

BECTISATVA-Higher Divine

Jaitaki - History from the former rebirth of the Buddha

Book miniature India

Indian Epos- "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana"

Book miniatures features:

• accurate transmission of plot
• multifiguration composition
• background - Conditional Decorative Landscape

Works of Indian miniature artists are different

• riches of shades,
• clarity of the drawing,
• the refinement of artistic

taste.

• "A person who does not know or music, nor literature, nor other art, is an animal, even if without tails and horns."
• Classical music originates from 1500g.do AD.
• From the hymns "Roggeds" there were songs about changing the seasons.

• The basis of Indian music is raga (passion, color, affection)
• Raga-melodic idea with appropriate intonation (mood).
• Raga (daily cycle) is associated with a specific day of day and is designed to cause a condition or feeling, common to humans and nature.

• The main tool - human voice.
• Wines (Musical instrument) -tsitsa tools, reminds human voice with its sound.

Music of India

Metal plates

• Drums

• Tabla

• Theatrical art of India originated several millennia ago. Bronze statuette of a dancing girl, found during excavations in the city of Mohenjo Daro, dates back to the III millennium BC. e. It was the ritual dance that became the rod around which the Indian Classic Theater was formed.

• Indian tradition connects the beginning of the theater with the name of the legendary Bharata, directly inspired by God Brahma: at the request of Brahma's gods decided to create the fifth, which is available for all classes; Connecting the Word, Floor, Action and Feeling, taken, respectively, from Rigveda, Samaveta, Yajurdes and Atharved, Brahma created and recorded through the Bharata, the dance and drama "in" Nathasastra ".

Veda (Bharat)

aesthetics

• declamation

Higher goal: achievement rake That is aesthetic pleasure

• Main tasks : To teach and entertain.

• Raisters : Religious holidays, court celebrations, birth, victory, etc.
• Scenes : Folk legends and legends, heroic feats, love.
• Troupe : chief actor, singers, musicians, dancers.
• Amplua : Heroes and heroines, ministers and jesters.

• The actors, having lost the support of the state, became narrator, acrobats, jugglers and singers. Puppet theaters have appeared: shadow, puppet, cohestead, rag dolls.

• The characteristic feature of the Indian performance is the unity of music, singing and dance.

• Dance from Sanskrit (ancient Indian literary language) - "Tandy", "Tandava" - means " beat "," clap " . Tsyuda German "TANS", "English "DANCE" and Russian "dance".

• Dance was generated by God Shiva -Semic king of dancing.
• The relationship between God and people was carried out by dance.
• When building the temple, the rooms for dances were envisaged.
• Among the paintings of the temples there are images apsear - heavenly dancers .

Classic system dance (Treatise "Nathasaster")

• Rules: Special types of gaitters, gestures, poses and facial expressions.
• Transmission of emotions : happiness, wrath, disgust, fear, sadness, courage,

compassion, surprise and peace.

• Dance language gesturing wise :37 Provisions of hands, 13-head, 9-neck, 10-body, 36-eye.

Syncretic character of dance (Music. Popia, dramatic art. Pantonym)

• Threads: Transfer of nature, emotions, religious and secular.
• Ritual (temples ) FROM navy .

• How fair is the statement that India's theatrical art is the synthesis of literature, music, facial expressions and dance?
• What are the features of the development of the art of music and dance in India?

Even in the Vedic period in. India was played by the sky theatrical ideas. At the beginning of our era, the first small theatrical premises appeared in the country. They did not have decorations, theatrical re design is extremely poor, they were replaced by other artistic conventions: a certain gait, facial expressions, gesticulation of Torschovo.

Much attention was paid to the musical design of performances. However, unlike modern Indian performances, which, according to European theatrons, are oversaturated with singing, in the ancient Indian monologues and dialogs, the artists recited or read the charts, but did not sang. A remarkable feature of the ancient Indian theater was. His tendency to melodrama and pathetics inherent in the current theatrical in the art of the country. The tragic plots were not allowed on the stage from those considerations that the tragic enough and in real life.

Theater was extremely popular in. Ancient. India, especially among the intelligentsia, but the profession of the artist did not belong to the prestigious, was considered "sublawer", the artists themselves were shudras

Ancient Indians said: "The one who knows neither music, no literature, nor other art, not a person, and cattle, although he has no tail, no horns" music played an important role in their lives. M. The art of professional musicians and dancers kept themselves to Raji. And Velmazbi, and in Indian myths, this entertainment and the gods who served as celestial music and dancestsi were not killed.

The development of ancient Indian musical culture tells the treatise. Natashara, compiled, probably in the first centuries of our era. He testifies that at that time in the country already existed well-worked on a musical system, which later went on the basis of the Indian "classic" musician.

Rumor Europeans Indian melody amazes with its exotic. In the skewers of the Indian gamma there are many halftones and even Sverstton. Indian melodies are classified by horns - a certain sequence of five and the pain of the tones constituting the basis of the melody. Each Para has its emotional load, symbolizes joy, fun, love, peace, fear, etc .. There are rags "Morning", "Day", "evening", etc. exist. * Old Industry Melodia is deprived of a harmonic basis and are based on the rhythm of shock tools. An important feature of the Ancient Indian music is also the fact that the musician in the family is always an improviser. It performs a key musical phrase, and then it varies without end, and every time in a new way, so that each fulfillment of the same melody is unique.

Ancient Indians created a number of musical instruments, the most common of whom was similar to the ancient Egyptian lire of wine. Musicians also played on flute, other refunds and percussion instruments

Developed in. Ancient. India is also the art of vocal. Singing is most often variation of a simple melody that boosts literally to the only musical phrase

Indian art dance has changed little. The ancient dances also played the main role of musical rhythm and gestures, and almost every part of the body of the tantivna ICA or the dancer was participated in the dance, a small movement of the mother's or eyebrows told the whole history of all the hinders of the dancer's hand in Indian dance. Only the most difficult provisions of their hands and fingers, he passed a wide range of emotions, agitatedly talked about various events from the life of the gods, people, a Variant.

The art of Indian dance is very complex. They needed years of intense labor. Therefore, in. Ancient. India dances have always been performed by professionals of social taboo on this type of entertainment in ch. LIBIBODS, it seems, did not exist (their courseses only priests).