Abstract Mu tool Tatar harmonic instrument. Abstract of the lesson on the subject of tradition and culture of the native land on the topic "Tatar folk musical instruments"

Aigul Batdalova
Directly educational activities in the Central Group on the topic "Tatar folk instruments"

Goal: introduce tatar folk instruments, form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure of musical tools, systematize knowledge of geometric figures, continue in the exercise in a quantitative and order account.

Tasks:

educational:

Expand the knowledge of children about tatar folk instruments Kubyz, harmonic, mandolin and kurai;

Contribute to the formation of knowledge about the structure of musical tools;

Consolidate the ability to distinguish geometric shapes;

Consolidate account skill within 5; knowledge of the order of the number of numbers;

educational:

Educate folk culture;

Promote aesthetic upbringing;

Ensure the upbringing of perpetuity, initiative;

developing:

Develop musical hearing;

Develop a creative imagination - construct silhouette "mandolin" sample;

Develop the ability to compare items in color, shape and spatial location.

Educator: Guys, the guests came to us say hello to them.

Children: Hello

Educator: Guys, in what Republic do we live in?

Children:Tatarstan

Educator: We were born and live in Tatarstan, so our small homeland is a republic Tatarstan.

Ask us: - where are you from?

I'm from the Volga, from Kazan

Water will fall us

We are bread growing, Popse

Swing oil, ship court

In free Tatarstan

Educator: Guys, do you like to travel?

Children: Yes

Educator: Then I invite you to go to a unique trip on the boat. And what kind of transport is the motor ship?

Children: Water type of transport.

Educator: IN Tatarstan many rivers, Name what you know?

Children: River Zava near Almetyevsk flows into Kamu. And Kama is found with the Volga.

Educator: I suggest you on the ship to make an entertaining journey on one of the largest rivers - according to the Volga in the cultural center and the capital of our republic-in Kazan.

Guys, do we have enough passenger seats on the ship? Do you count how many places on our left?

Children: five

Educator: And on the right?

Children: five

Educator: So we can sit on the motor ship 5 passengers on the left and 5 passengers on the right.

Take out your places in accordance with your tickets - geometric shapes. It is necessary to find the same figure on the ship so that it coincides in shape, color, but differed in magnitude.

There is a beep. Noise river.

Educator: Guys, we have an unusual journey. We will meet musical toolswhere you like to play tatar, Russian, Bashkir peoples. People of different nationalities who live in our republic. Stops are also unusual -musical.

First stop "Plug"

Educator: Guys, listen to what an interesting sound?

(Kubiz sounds behind the screen)

Guys, what do you think that tool for us playing?

Children: Kubiz

Comes out of Scremen Su Anasa (water). Look at what guest came to us.

Su Anasa: Have you recognized me children?

Children: not

Su Anasa: I, Soo Anasa from tatar fairy tale written g. Tukay "SU Anas".(Shows on the board)

S. A.: Guys, you called correctly tool! (showing the tool tells about him) Kubiz is one of the oldest musical tools. It is a metal or wooden arc with a tongue in the center. Artist clamping tool lips and sticks with her left hand, bringing to the teeth. The tongue is protected by a finger right hand and it comes with vibration makes a sound. Listen again as it sounds. Sound tool quiet or loud. Yes sound tool Silent.

What kind of geometric shape look like Cubia?

Children: on a triangle.

Educator: We really liked your story, and the guys we want to offer you to travel with us.

Su Anasa How do you manage to be so beautiful and slim and maintain your health, because do you live in such a damp?

S. A. I do in the morning charging, I stop.

I suggest you too to warm up. Fisminet to the music.

Second stop "Keyman" (Harmony sound hears)

S. A. Guys, how do you think it is for tool sounds?Yes this the tool is called Harmonic. The harmonica consists of the right and left half-row, each of them has a keyboard with buttons or keys. And what geometric figure looks like a harmonic?

Children: on a rectangle.

Guys you probably tired on the road. Let's play a moving game "Day Night"

What do you do during the day?

Children: We play games. We make gymnastics. We sing songs, dance, sculpim, design, we are engaged. We go out to walk to the street.

When I say "Day", you can jump to play and when I say "Night" sit down and close your eyes with palms. (under the game harmony)

Educator: Guys you probably tired a little on the road.

I suggest you to warm up. Let's make gymnastics.

Friends in ours girls group and boys. (fingers of both hands rhythmically join the castle)

We are with you girlfriends little fingers. (Rhythmic touch of fingers of both hands)

One, two, three, four, five (alternate touch of fingers on both hands, starting with the mother's)

One, two, three, four, five. (Repeat previous movements)

Third stop "String" (Mandolin sounds)

S.S.: Mandolina - String Plug Musical tool of small sizes, the type of lute is a lute-soprano, but with a less long cervix and with a smaller number of strings. Strings refer to playing, mainly by the mediator, as well as fingers and bird feathers. Tremoline technique is used on Mandolin. Since Mandolin's metal strings make a short sound, then broach notes are achieved by the rapid repetition of the same sound.

(showing games on mandoline)

Game "Collect Mandolin from geometric figures" (circles, rectangles) I offer you the children to collect Mandolin from the geometric figures offered on the table.

Fourth stop "Spirovaya"

(Kurai)

S. A.: Kurai - Bashkir and tatar brass instrument It has several varieties that differ in design and manufacturing material. Sound, timbre and dynamic capabilities depend on the design. The traditional material for the manufacture was cut and dried stems of the Ural Refront, however, modern materials are currently widely used. (planed veneer, metal). Is solo, ensemble and orchestral tool.

Fifth stop stop "Culture Center"

S. A.: Children look at us approach Kazan. Kazan - the city of the Russian Federation, the capital of the Republic Tatarstan, large port on the left bank of the Volga River, one of the largest cultural and sports centers of Russia.

Look like a lot of cultural centers: Theater, Puppet Theater, Opera, Ballet, etc.

Su Anasa: Children go goodbye to us. As a gift I will give you a hotel tatar National dish Chuck Chuck.

Educator: Thank you. Goodbye Su Anasa.

On this, our journey approached the end.

What did you like most in our journey?

Children: Very beautiful melodies. Our capital.

Educator: What kind of common name will we give subjects with whom we met on the journey?

Children: Musical instruments.

Educator: What musical we met tools?

Children: Kubiz, Harmony, Kurai, Mandolin.

Educator: And how many of them were all?

Children: Four.

Educator. Yes, right. Which is at the expense of harmony.

Children: Second.

Educator: Which on Mandolin's account?

Children: Third.

Educator: Well done children! No wonder we today made it a fascinating journey. And now we will go to group And drink tea with Chuck Chuck.

Basic information

(Harmonica) - Pneumatic keyboards with furs and two button keyboards. The left keyboard is designed for accompaniment: when you press one button, a bass sounds or a whole chord. Melody played on the right keyboard.

Origin, History

It is impossible to say reliably, where the manual harmonic was invented for the first time. The view is widespread that the harmonic was invented in Germany, at the beginning of the XIX century.

However, there are other data. For example, according to the research of the Academician Mirek, the first harmonic appeared in St. Petersburg in 1783 by the efforts of the Czech master of Franceca Circiiki (he came up with a new way to extract sound - with the help of a metal tongue, fluctuating under the action of air flow).

There are other views on this problem.

Device

Russian harmonies are divided into two types by type of sound removal: First, the harmonies, who, when tensile and compress the fur, each button, when pressed, gives the sound of the same height, and, secondly, the harmony, in which the height of the sound changes depending on the direction of movement of the fur.

• The first type includes such harmonies as "Livenka", "Russian Wreath", "Chrome" (the most common in our time).
• To the second type - "Talliana", "Cherepanka", "Tula", "Vyatka". You can divide the harmony by type of the right keyboard, depending on the number of rows of buttons.

The most common harmony in our time is a two-row "chrome"But there are also triple tools and tools with one alongside the buttons.

• Single row harmony: "Tula", "Livenka", "Vyatskaya", "Talliana" (abbreviated from "Italian", there are 12-15 buttons on the right keyboard, and on the left - three).
• Two-row harmonies: "Russian wreath" (first double row), "chrome".

Video: harmony on video + sound

Thanks to this video, you can familiarize yourself with the tool, see the real game on it, listen to his sound, feel the specifics of the technique.

Tasks:

Educational: Fastening and expanding knowledge about Russian folk musical instruments, the history of their creation, the formation of the ability to determine the sound of Russian folk musical instruments on the rumor.

Attach interest in Mordovian and Tatar musical instruments.

Forming the ability to classify musical instruments into groups (brass, shock, string).

Developing: The development of musical memory, thinking, artistry, creative initiative, attention.

Raising: Educating emotional responsiveness to music, increasing the motivation of students. Formation of good attitude towards each other.

Travel course:

The tutor "shines" sounds "shines" the teacher welcomes children and draws attention to the projector screen, where the slide is shown with the image of the orchestra of folk instruments.

Educator: Guys, see how many musicians gathered in the same orchestra. Look carefully on the tools and tell me how such an orchestra is called?

Children: Orchestra of Russian folk instruments!

Educator: Right. Today I suggest you go to the country of Russian folk instruments. And the first city, which we will visit with you is the city of shock tools. What do you think they are so called?

Children: Because when playing, they hit them.

Educator: Quite right. Musical instruments appeared a long time ago. Impact tools - the most ancient tools of the world. The primitive man knocked the rhythm of the mammoth bones, on a wooden bar, clay jugs. Later, people pulled onto hollow wooden and clay skin objects and the first drum appeared. At the same time, a rattling of stone and wood appeared.

Now listen to the riddles and guess what tools live in this city.

Performed songs-riddles N. Murycheva "Spoon", "Racks", "Bell", "Tuben".

Educator: And now we will turn into musicians!

Children take a tambourine, spoons and bells. The rhythmic exercise "Three Bear" to the music of E. Zheleznovaya is held.

Educator: Well done! And we continue our journey. And the next city, which we visit is the city of string tools. Listen to which tools live in this city.

Performed songs-riddles N. Murycheva "Gusli", "Balalaika".

Educator: Almost all musical instruments occurred from everyday tools and hunting devices: the ancestor of the string was the hunting bow. It is likely that one of the primitive hunters during the hunt pulled the theater of his bow and, letting it, heard the sound. In the Russian people, Balalaika and Gusli became such instruments.

Educator: We go further. And you welcome the city of wind instruments!

Performed by the song-riddle N. Murycheva "Swirl".

The brass instruments also appeared for a very long time. People blew into the sea shell, in the cane tube, in animal horns. Then he invented the shoes, horns, swirls, pity.

An articulating exercise "Cheerful Dodachka" is carried out (children pull back closed lips and move them in a circle to the right and left) and breathing exercise "Dudge" (children blow in empty bottles, caps from ballpoint balls).

Educator: Now listen to the last riddles.

Performs songs-riddles N. Murycheva "Harmony", "Accordion".

Educator: Well done! You are all right guess. Harmonic, or harmonica is a brandy tongue musical instrument. On the sides of the tool are two keyboards: the melody is played on the right, on the left accompaniment. Inside the tool are metal plates - tongues. When the musician spreads the fur of the harmonica, then under the action of the air, the tongs begin to fluctuate - to make a sound.

Fizkultminutka.

Educator: Among the musical instruments of the Mordva, the most common beater (Shavoma-m, Chavoma - E., Wooden xylophone (Calchotchymat - M, Calchajamat-E, Bells (PAYGONOP - M, Bayagney - E, Vargan - M, E, Violin (Gorze , Arrow - M, Kaiga - E, Flute (Vishkaya - M, Veshkem - E); Volyanka (Fam, Ufam - M, Purama - E, Pipe (Dorama, Torama - M). Sometimes borrowed tools are also mentioned, for example, harmonica .

Educator: Tatar folk music is based on the flavor of Eastern traditions. Today, the most famous tools of Tatar musical folklore are: Harmon-Tallian, Kurai, Kuby, Surnai, Mandolin, Dumbra, Yatagan, Tatar Guzzli, SAZ, etc.

Dombu - Tatar string plug musical instrument. It is one of the most unexplored among Tatar musical instruments.

Modern dombra, as well as an old analogue, has a wooden pear-shaped case, however, in contrast to the predecessor, the body is not made of a rolled wood, but gluits.

Kurai. - Tatar brass musical instrument. It has several varieties that differ from each other in design and manufacturing material.

Surni. - Tatar brass musical instrument. It is considered to be a musical instrument of shepherds and, as a rule, is made of animal horns. It has a relatively small size of 400-550 mm.

Talyanka (Taliance Harmun) - Tatar handmade key-pneumatic musical instrument. Along with Garmone, is one of the most beloved musical instruments from the Tatar people.

Educator: These are such fun tools live in this country. I suggest you find out if you all remembered them all and play musical guess-ku.

Music and didactic game-presentation "Guess the tool". Children listen to musical fragments and guess tools. For each correct answer, players get a chip. At the end of the game, children who scored the greatest number of chips are awarded the medal "Znika-musician".

Educator: So it came to the end our journey. But there are still many music countries in the world that we can visit you. And I suggest you at home yourself come up with and make some musical instrument. See you soon!

Plan-abstract lesson

Subject: Traditions and culture of the native land

Class 6.

Subject : Tatar folk musical instruments

Goal :

To introduce students with Tatar folk musical instruments, the history of their creation, show their originality.

Correction and development thinking, attention, memory, withlong and visual perception; enrich the speech of students with the use of new words; Promote the development of shallow motility hands.

Reliable respect for the culture of the Tatar people and folk musical instruments.

Equipment for lesson : Multimedia equipment with projector,the lesson accompanies the presentation made in POWER formatPOINT,speakers for listening to audio files, distribution material,illustrations with the image of Tatar musical instruments.

Type of lesson : Improvement of knowledge, skills and skills

View of the lesson : Lesson-acquaintance

Methods : visual, comparison, comparison, conversation.

During the classes.

Org. moment . Greeting teacher. (Slide 1)

Uch-L. : Sounded risovoooo

Started uroook. Zdraaaa-Vorkuuuui-theee.

Uch-Xia: (repeat)

Actualization of knowledge .

Uch-L. : Guys, in what Republic do we live in?

Uch-Xia: Tatarstan

Uch-L. : We were born and live inTatarstan, Therefore, our small homeland is a republic.Tatarstan. And what can you say about our republic?

Uch-Xia: answers.

OFTOLLMATERING. Slide 2)

Uch-L. : Guys look please on the screen and tell me what you see? (On the slide musical instruments) (slide 3)

Uch-Xia: Musical instruments.

Wordwork: Musical instrument - the subject with which various musical sounds are extracted. (Slide 4)

Uch: What do you think, why these tools are called - Tatar folk.

Uch-Xia: They created the Tatar people.

Uch: That's right, well done.With some tools, you probably are already familiar.

Uch-L. : The topic of our lesson "Tatar folk musical instruments" (slide 5)

Studying the main material .

Uch: Now I will give you small cards that we fill in our lesson. (Distribution of cards)

Uch: Guys, listen that for an interesting sound?

(Kubiz sounds)

Uch: What do you think thattool for us playing? (Answers)

Uch: This is a Cubia. (Slide 6)

Wordwork : (Slide 7)

Kubyz (Vargan) - Folk Immant Tongue Musical Instrument. (showing Picture )

Kubiz is one of the oldest musicaltools. tool

Uch: .

Uch-Xia : Sound quiet.

Uch: Yes soundtool Silent.

Uch: W. you have pictures with different musical instruments on the desktop. Find Cubia among them and show me (children are shown)

Uch: We listen to the following musical instints (Mondalina sounds)

Uch: What do you think what is called thistool? (Answers)

Uch: This is Mondalina.(Slide 8)

Wordwork: (Slide 9)

Mandolin - string musical instrument of small sizes. (showing Picture tool on the slide and tell about him )

Mondalinatoolsmallsizes. It has strings. To play on it, you need to touch the strings with your fingers or bird feathers.

Uch: Listen again as it sounds. Soundtool quiet or loud. (showing games on mandoline)

Uch-Xia : Sound is quiet.

Uch: Yes soundthe tool is not loud.

Uch: You have pictures with different musical instruments on your desktops. Find among them Mondalina and show me (the children are shown)

Uch: And now I propose to make a small pause and spend the fizminutka.

Fizminutka. (Slide 10)

Uch: Thank you, we continue our work. And so with what musical instruments did we meet? (Children's responses).

Uch: Guys, listen and try to guess what kind of musical instrument?

(Kurai sounds)

Uch: It's kurai. (Slide 11)

Wordwork: (Slide 12)

Kurai - Tatar brass musical instrument. ( showing Picture tool on the slide and tell about him )

Uch: Listen again as it sounds. Soundtoaka?

Uch-Xia : Delicate sound.

Uch: Yes, soundtool just magnetic.

Uch: W. you have pictures with different musical instruments on the desktop. Find some scratch among them and show me (children are shown)

Uch: We listen to the next musicaltool? What? (Answers)

Uch: This is a harmonic (according to Tatar Talian Harmun).(Slide 13)

Wordwork: (Slide 14)

Harmonic - tatar key musical instrument. (showing Picture tool on the slide and tell about him )

Harmonic - Tatar key musical instrument. Consists of two half-rope - right and left, on which keyboards with buttons are located. There is a camera for the possibility of pumping air to the tool sound placards.

Uch: Listen again as it sounds. Soundtool quiet or loud. (showing games for harmony)

Uch-Xia : The sound is loud, cheerful.

Uch: Yes, soundtool loud, cheerful, ringing.

Uch: W. you have pictures with different musical instruments on the desktop. Find the harmonic among them and show me (children are shown)

Uch-L. : Here we met the main Tatar folk musical instruments. Filled cards. Who will read? (Student responses) (Slide 15)

Uch-L. : To secure the knowledge gained, I propose to play games for attentiveness.

The game "Find a missed picture." (Slide 16)

The game "Find an extra object". (Slide 17)

Uch-L. : Next game of intelligence.

The game "Who is faster." (Slide 18)

We collect puzzles, the illustration of one musical instrument is obtained.

The results of the lesson.

Uch-L. : What are the musical instruments called the Tatar people?

Uch-Xia: Musical instruments that the Tatar people created are called « tatar folk musical instruments. "

Uch-L. : And who will list us what is called these musical instruments?

Uch-Xia: Kuby, Kurai, Harmonam, Mondalina.

Uch-L. : Well done boys.

Uch-L. : Homework: Prepare a brief message about one Tatar folk musical instrument on cards. Each of you comes to the table and choose a card with the name and description of the musical instrument.

Uch-L. : You have emoticons on your desks, following the lesson, we choose one and freamed on the board: if you liked the lesson you choose a cheerful emoticon, if not that sad.

(Students choose emoticons and attach them to a board with the help of magnets)

Since the lesson is an elective, the teacher does not appreciate the responses of students.

The lesson came to the end, thank you very much.

Handout

Kubiz (Vargan) - Folk Immant Tongue Musical Instrument. Kubiz is one of the oldest musical instruments. It is a metal or wooden arc with a tongue in the center. Artist clampingtoollips and sticks with her left hand, bringing to the teeth. The tongue is protected by a finger right hand and it comes to the vibration state and sound occurs.

Kurai. - Tatar brass musical instrument.

Kurai is a tube made of wood or metal.It has several varieties that differ from each other in design and manufacturing material.

Mandolin - String musical instrument of small size. Mondalina- String pinnicker musicaltool of small sizes. It has strings. To play on it, you need to touch the strings with your fingers or bird feathers.The mandolina housings are oval, semi-housing, flat. The shape of the mandolin housing gives a certain timbre.

I already wrote that during the war we lived in evacuation in the Tatar village of Asecheyev Orenburg region. In places, immortalized by Pushkin in the "Captain daughter". Not far from our house was a wasteland, on which the youth of the pre-registered age was going in the summer almost every evening to the golyanka. This was the entire entertainment industry. There was no club in the village. There was some kind of quite large public space, where during the rare tickets of film edges twisted movies. On these days, all the considerable population of the village had learned there.
The program of the annoying party did not differ in diversity, and consistently consisted of two points:
1) singing chastushki under the harmonica. Girls sing, and the guys are drunk on the sidelines and tear each other, psychologically preparing a mandatory fight;
2) Actually a fight. The guys are fighting, and the girls stand on the sidelines, look and wound.
Chastushki all without exception were "about it." There are no euphemisms in an ordinary Tatar language, all things were called their names. We had a neighbor named Zainab, she was probably 14-15 years old, but the Tatars grow early, and she had already officially walked as if in the brides. I somehow asked her to transfer to me the words of the chastushka, which at that moment other girls shrilled under the harmonica (the word "sang" fits little here). She was readily translated. I did not know where to go from embarrassment, and she did not hesitate for such words. She probably simply did not know that in Russian there are softer equivalents. And it would hardly have understood who and why need such difficulties.
While both traditional items of the youth annoying program were performed, I looked at all my elderly harmony and his harmonica. Tatar harmonica is a miracle of musical equipment! Probably they are different, but the only thing I have seen in my childhood, I remembered for life. It was very small, the whole bright, with bright red flowers on the split furs. On the right only one octave buttons in one row. On the left and at all two buttons are two major chords. And left on the left two bell like cycling. Their hammers are connected to the left buttons, and when they are pressed, calls are poring about the chord tone. In the cartoon about Cheburashka Crocodile Gena plays on such a harmonica.
And the harmonist! If there is a Tatar God in the world, then he is probably the same friendly-indifferent to everything that is happening, with a wide Tatar face, with a bright Tatar harmonica in his hands and is surrounded by universal worship. The entire Union of Soviet composers has never received such honorable and attention, which the rural Tatar harmonist uses.