Francisco Goya paintings. Biography, artist's work
Goya and Lusatenes (Franssko Goya Y Lucientes) Francisco Jose de, Spanish painter, engraver, draftsman. From 1760 he studied in Saragosa in H. Lusana-I-Martinez. About 1769 Goya went to Italy, in 1771 he returned to Zaragoza, where he wrote frescoes in the spirit of Italian baroque (murals of the lateral church of the Church of Nourera Señora del Pilar, 1771-1772). Since 1773, the artist worked in Madrid, in 1776-1791, he fulfilled over 60 tapestries for the Royal Manufactory with a color and easy-to-face scenes with scenes of everyday life and popular entertainment ("umbrella", 1777, "Game in Pelot", 1779, "Playing Zhmurki ", 1791, - all in Prado, Madrid).
Since the beginning of the 1780s, Goya received fame and as the author of portraits performed in a fine color scheme, figures and objects in which they would dissolve in a thin haze ("Family of the Duke Osuna", 1787, Prado, Madrid; Portrait of Marquis A.Pontekhos, about 1787, National Art Gallery, Washington). In 1780, Goya was elected to the Madrid Academy of Arts (from 1785 Vice-Director, from 1795 - director of its picturesque department), in 1799 - "The first painter of the king." Simultaneously in the work of Goya, the tragedy features are growing, dislike to feudal-clerical Spain "of the old order". The ugliness of her moral, spiritual and political foundations of Goya reveals in a grotesque-tragic form, filling folklore origins, in a large series of "Caprician" etchs (80 sheets with artist's comments, 1797-1798); The bold novelty of the artistic language, the acute expressiveness of lines and strokes, contrasts of light and shadow, the combustion of grotesque and reality, allegories and fiction, social satire and sober analysis of reality opened new ways to develop European engraving. In 1790 - the beginning of the 1800s of the exceptional heyday, the portrait creativity of Goya, which sounds an alarming sense of loneliness (portrait of Senory Bermudes, the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest), courageous confrontation and challenge to the surrounding (portrait of F.Giymard, 1798, Louvre, Paris), aroma of secrets and hidden sensuality ("Maha dressed" and "Mach Nude", both Prado, Madrid).
With an amazing force of the case, the artist captured the artist arrogance, physical and spiritual poverty of the royal family in the group portrait "Family of Charles IV" (1800, Prado, Madrid). In-depth historicism, a passionate protest is imbued with large pictures of Goya, dedicated to the fight against the French intervention ("Rise of May 2, 1808 in Madrid", "Excretion of the rebels on the night of May 3, 1808", Both -Other 1814, Prado, Madrid), philosophical comprehensive The fate of the people Series of the "Disasters of War" (82 sheets, 1810-1820).
In the early 1790s, severe illness led the artist to deafness. Extremely difficult years for him, which coincided with the period of a cruel reaction, he spent in his country house "Kinto del Sondo" ("House deaf"), whose walls painted with oil. In the scenes created here (now in Prado, Madrid), including unprecedentedly bolders for their time, ostrodynamic images of multipoint masses and frightening symbolic and mythological images, he embodies the idea of \u200b\u200bopposing the past and future, infinitely insatiable patterns ("Saturn") and liberation Energy of youth ("Judith"). Even more difficult than the system of gloomy grotesque images in the series of disparates (22 sheets, 1820-1823). But in the most gloomy visions of Goya, the cruel darkness can not suppress the feeling of an eternal movement inherent in the artist, who has become a leitmotif in the painting "Sardinki funeral" (about 1814, Prado, Madrid), in the series of etching "Tavromakhiya" (1815).
From 1824, Goya lived in France, where he wrote portraits of friends, mastered the technique of lithograph. The art of Goya influenced the formation of many artistic phenomena of the 19th century. His impact feels in the work of Zhriko, Delacroix, Domier, Eduard Mana. The influence of his creativity on painting and the schedule had a pan-European character and affects until modern times.
Presenting our work, the young man hopes to study at the Royal Academy of Arts, that in San Fernando.
Unfortunately, the picture did not take place. And Goya decided to go to learn and work in Italy. Reaching Rome, the artist studies the canvas of the Great Italian Masters. But adventurous nature and here makes itself felt. The young man decided to kidnap his beloved, which was in the women's monastery, but was caught right at the crime scene. Therefore, he had to hastily flee from Rome.
Formation
The ambitious artist in 1773 is sent to Madrid, where Francisco Bayeu is justified from his friend, who occupied the position of the court artist at the Queen Maria Louise and King Charles IV. Goya works primarily in the Bayeu workshop. A friend introduces an artist with Hosef's sister. An impressionable Guy fell in love and seduced his beauty. In 1775 he had to marry her, because the lady of the heart was already in the fifth month of pregnancy. The son of Eusebio was born soon, who lived at all long.
Hosefa gave birth to Goya five children, although some sources reported them more. Unfortunately, she lived to adult only one son - Francisco Javier Pedro, he went in the footsteps of the Father, although he did not reach such fame, but still became an artist.
An adventurous genius was quickly pulled by his wife, and as soon as he fell into the surroundings of the court aristocrat, he stopped wondering. In all her life, he wrote just one portrait of his spouse.
Fame
In 1780, the artist managed to achieve a reception at the court. Thanks to the successful portrait of King Charles III and the painting "Crucifixion", Goyuy took to the Royal Academy. In 1785, he became Vice-Director, in 1795 - Director of the Painting Department.In 1786, the long-awaited position of the court artist was reached, which was preserved for the master even after death in 1799 by Charles III. Karl IV left for Goya this place.
In 1791, a fateful acquaintance of the artist with the Duchess Alba takes place. For many years, she becomes his patroness and the muse.
In 1792-1793, Goya seriously sick. This disease takes a rumor from the artist. In the process of recovery, work began on the buildings of Kaprichos, which was completed only in 1799. The whole series was satirical, exposed the shortcomings of social, political and religious orders.
In 1796, Duke of Alba, patron and spouses of the artist dies. Goya accompanies his beloved in Andalusia, where she mourns her husband's loss. At about this time, the famous painting "Mach Nude" appears, dated 1797.
Karl IV in 1798 gave the task of the court artist - the painting of the dome in the Church of San Antonio de la Florida, located outside the city.
In 1802, "Maha dressed", which can be seen in Prado. In the same year, the Duchess Alba died and taught the son of his beloved Haviere Goya Rent in 3,500 reals annually. In memory of the Museum, the artist writes in 1816 "Mahu on the balcony".
Late years
 |
When the son was married and began to live with his wife separately, Elderly Goya was left alone. Somewhat heavy for themselves, he lived in Kint Del Cudo, "the" deaf house "outside the city. In the period from 1820 to 1823, the artist painted the walls of oil. Today, these paintings can be seen in Prado.
Loneliness ended with the familiarity with the De Wece Lokady. Because of the artist, it divorces with his spouse-entrepreneur Isidro Wesis. From Goyy Leokady gave birth to Rosarith's daughter.
To avoid persecution of the new Spanish government, the artist's family in 1824 moves to France. There, Goya lived to death on April 16, 1828.
Here in Bordeaux, he masters lithography, writes portraits of new emigrant friends. Especially known from the French period Series of 1826 "Bordeaux bulls" and the canvas "Merchic from Bordeaux", written in 1827-1828. The influence of Francisco Jose de Goya on European art art is impossible to overestimate.
The creative heritage of Francisco Goya - works, paintings - diverse and multifaceted. He left behind about 700 works performed in different genres. The approach to sunset and loneliness was forced to create Francisco Goya "black paintings". Look at one of the last masterpieces of the master.
"Saturn, devouring his son"
Saturn learned about the fact that he would overthrow one of the sons. So that this does not happen, God devoured them. In complete madness, with tangled gray hair, having staring out completely crazy eyes, Saturn had already ate his head and the baby handle.
His hands dug in a gentle caller and pierced him to blood. Some art historians consider this work as an allegory. Perhaps she symbolizes Spain devouring her children. For other opinions, Saturn is a French bloody revolution or even Napoleon. To the "black painting" we will come back. While we turn look at the biography of Francisco Goya. Pictures describing will be presented below.
Childhood
Francisco Jose de Goya-I-Lusatenes was born on 03/30/1746 in the village of Fuendodos, under the Zaragoza. The family was neither rich, nor completely. Francho was younger from three sons José Goya and Graça Lusatenes. His father was engaged in gilding altars. In Zaragoza, children received only the initial basics of education. Francio soon gave to learn drawing by the artist Lusano-Martinez.
Youth in Aragony
In the workshop, Yuni Goya was engaged in copying Velasquez, Rembrandt. He at the same time managed to learn the serenadas and temperamental dances - Fandago and Aragonian hot, as well as show their stormy temperament in street fights using Navaja. As a result of one of the collisions, he has to run to Madrid in 1766. On a self-portrait we see a blessing young man, according to which you can not say that it is a dracne, a gaby and a seducer.
In the capital, Goya sends their works to contests that the Academy of Arts Organize. At this time, he meets Francisco Bayeu, which will subsequently have a considerable impact on the life of the artist. The expected premium of Francisco Goya is not received.
Rome, Naples and Parma
Then the painter decides to go to Italy. There he studies the work of the masters and writes paintings. Francisco Goya deserved the 2nd award in Parma for the canvas "Hannibal from the height of the Alps looks at the conquered lands."
Legends say that Francisco fell in love with a young monk and decided to kidnap her. This escapad revealed, and the young adventurer in 1771 returns to his homeland.
Hardware
First, Goya works very successfully in his native Zaragoza. He paints the frescoes of a chapel, then he is asked to paint a prayer house at the palace. Francisco Bayeu, which was mentioned above, offers him an order for the painting of the monastery near Zaragoza and introduces the artist with his beautiful sister, Zolotovolosh Hosefa.
Marriage
Armor Goya seduces the maiden and is forced to go under the crown. Birth took place 4 months after marriage, but the child did not survive. The artist, speaking in marriage 39 years, will write just one portrait of his wife.
Hosefa Bayeu
We see clearly calm, weathered and a little sad woman who could carry all the rests of his unpredictable spouse. Subsequently, she will give birth to five more children, of which only one will survive. He, like his father, becomes an artist, but this gift and talent will not get him.
Fame
Shurin begins to help the career of the gift artist. When His help, Goya receives a portrait from a graph Floridablanca. Then Goyuy represent the crown brother of King Don Louis.
Primbry artist
Don Luis invites Goyuy to write a portrait of his family. After that, Goya comes the fame of the portraitist among the approximate king. More often receives orders for Francisco Goya's paintings after he worked for the duke of Osuna. They were also interested in Karl III himself, who made him court artist. The next king, Karl IV, leaves Goya his position and even adds his salary. At this time, Goya joins his surname a noblesty console "de". Nevertheless, by performing a portrait of a bellless Charles IV in a family circle with the lack of every desire to flatter a high family, to the center of Francisco Goya, the Queen of Maria Louise, since it is she managed by Spain with his favorite.
Left, Easel, the artist draws his self portrait. This picture is an unconditional masterpiece of the master, where the entire space of the canvas fills soft light. Men artist suggested dressed in bright costumes, and women in bright thin translucent dresses. Their faces are realistic and with big virtuosity discharged. The jewels are made in the technique of impast and sparkle with flames of candles.
Illness and hard work
The incomprehensible disease caused deafness and partial loss of vision from Francisco Goya. Famous paintings he wrote before illness, being full strength and joy. These are cardboard for a steller (their approximately 60) for Prince Asturias: "Dance on the shore of Masanares", "Mach and Masks", "Fight in Kharchevna", "umbrella", "Running a snake". The most wonderful artist will create their own creations in adulthood.
A young couple
The painting "umbrella" was written among a series of cheerful tapestries. A young man closes his charming lady with a Chinese umbrella from a bright sun. The scene is satisfied with static.
The composition of her gives the composition: in one direction the movement of a thin tree is directed to another - an umbrella. Her hands are strengthened by the hands of young people: the direction of the young lady's hand with a fan and the elbow of the young man, as well as the folds of the yellow skirt of the flirtatious person. This canvas captivates his juicy cheerful flavor. He shall with the young unmotion joy, which is imbued with cloudless happiness. As a strongly "umbrella" differs from later Francisco de Goya, whose paintings are created under the influence of the Duchess of Alba! After the riots in the country, the Satyric series "Caprichos" will appear.
Who are Mahi
So called men and women who came out of the simple people, impoverished residents of the provinces, immigrants from Madrid slums. But Mahi women are more interested in a greater extent, since Francisco Jose de Guyia will write paintings with representatives of the aristocracy, dressed in the costumes of Makh. For example, Queen Maria Louise Parm or Duchess Alba. Mach from common people - a woman with a sense of self-esteem, which can stand up for himself. Under her clothes hidden a knife. Dancing and songs of Mah, as a kind of national exotic, attracted representatives of the highest classes.
Spanish aristocracy was not averse to play games with dressing. It could not miss Francisco Jose de Goya. Pictures "Mahi on the balcony" (Metropolitan Museum, 1816) and Portrait of Donna Isabel Porstel He wrote under this impression and in memory of the Duchess Albe. These are very famous paintings.
Two Mahi.
Free and proud townors loved to depict the artist Francisco Goya. Pictures "Mach Nude" and "Maha Dressed" make up a pair portrait. Works for a long time were in the Boudoire of the Duchess Alba.
After her death in 1802, they moved to the All-Fivy Minister of Manuel, and now exhibited in Prado. The relatives of the Duchess categorically denied that it was 13 Duchess Alba that was a simplicist. Art historians are increasingly beginning to think that the portraits depicts the lover of Manuel Godoy, Pepito there. The image of two mysterious mothers from Francisco Goya is the most famous paintings, not counting, of course, "black". The legend of the love of the artist and aristocrats remained and not refuted, and not confirmed. It still continues to walk rumors about their stormy novel, which lasted seven years.
"Caprichos", which is translated as "quirks"
After the bloody French revolution, the character of artist's creativity is changing.
His graphics in the form of 80 satirical etchings was created in 1799. There is not a single bright picture, only darkness and tragedy. The strokes of his needle sharp, scratching. Policy, social issues and religion - all touched the artist in his works: the ease of marriage, intimidating children during education, their favorite parents, a breaking and debauchery of men and women, charlatans from science. Those were lit a great set. The most famous work of this cycle is the "dream of mind generates monsters." The fantasy of sleepy dreams brings people in renewable horrors.
Hard years
When in 1808 Karl IV, who hated the people of the country, renounced power and handed over the throne to the son of Ferdinand VII, he would not long, just a few weeks, ruled the country. His cunning was set in France. Napoleon, the captivity of the king, invaded Spain and with extreme cruelty suppressed folk resistance. Five years, his brother Joseph held the royal throne, and Goya retained the court of court artist. This did not prevent him from writing a portrait of Wellington in 1812. So he called the hatred of Joseph. After the French were broke in 1813, Portuguese, Spaniards and British under the command of Duke Wellington, Ferdinand VII returned to his homeland in 1814. He believed that the painter had collaborated with the occupiers and began to treat Goya more worse. In 1819 the artist buys a house in the suburbs of Madrid.
Strange building
This house is an old 74-year-old artist called the deaf house. Goyia loved to write at night, with an alarming flaying flame of candles. His illness progressed and forced to think about death. The walls of the two large rooms of the painter painted with oil on plates with plots, as if taken from nightmares. These are 14 paintings. He took the topics as mythological and religious. In them, faded and gloomy, everything says hard and directly about the futility of human hopes and death. Goya paintings drew for themselves. This is evidenced by the fact that he wrote them not on the canvas, but on the walls, not suggesting that they would ever be exhibited. The artist worked quickly using wide strokes, mastikhin, sponges. One work shows how the unfortunate dog is almost completely buried under the swirls. She never get out. Only raised head with longing in the eyes is visible. It remains long to live. This house was a solid kingdom of horror and gloom. In 1878, when the house bought a German banker Emil Erlanger, the paintings were transferred to the canvas. At first they were shown in Paris, and then gave the prado museum.
Late hectic years
After the death of his wife in 1812, fate gives the artist to a farewell smile: he assigns acquaintance with the de Wece. She is younger than it for 35 years. Leokady divorces her husband. Rosarit's daughter was born. King Ferdinand VII directly tells the artist that he is worthy of hanging only.
Bezya did not wait for such a prospect of Guy and, together with his family, went to Bordeaux, allegedly for treatment.
He will write a portrait of Leockadia, full of admiration. In the history of Goya's painting will forever remain a gloomy romantic. In 1828, the Great Spaniard died, in 82 years. Just 17 days ago, they celebrated his birthday. Prahi painter will return to Spain only in 1919 and will be buried in the Church of San Antonio de la Florida in Madrid, which he himself painted.
Francisco Goya, who later became the most famous portrait of the era of Spanish romanticism, was born in 1746 in the Mountain village of Fuendeodos, where his early childhood passed. Francisco did not receive sufficient education, he studied the Azam diplomas at school at the church and always wrote with errors.
For that, he was very successful on artistic Niva, leaving the descendants of rampant creations. Thanks to his truly magic brush, everyone can plunge into the life of the Spanish society of the late XVII - early XVIII centuries, see the faces of beautiful ladies and noble grand, members of the royal family, as well as unmatched scenes from the life of a simple people.
The creative path of the artist was a crimson and a thorny. From the fourteen years of age, Francisco taught painting in the workshop of Lusana-I-Martinez in Zaragoza. Then the circumstances were forced a novice artist to leave their native places and move to the capital of the country - Madrid. Here he twice, in 1764 and 1766, tried to enroll in the Academy of Fine Arts, but attempts turned out to be unsuccessful. The teachers could not see the emerging talent and appreciate the level of artistic skill of the young Provincial from Zaragoza. In Madrid, Francisco had to earn money on bread washing dishes in the tavern "boots".
After the failure, Goya goes to Rome for new impressions and returns to his homeland only in 1771. Two years old, from 1772 to 1774, he works in the monastery of Aul Den, painting the monastery church with paintings from the life of the Virgin Mary.
At the age of 27, Francisco concludes a very profitable marriage for himself - he marries Heosef by Bayeu, the sister of the court artist Bayeu. Thanks to the Protection of Shurin, it receives an order from the royal tapestry manufactory, which he is happy to perform, drawing beautiful Spanish girls with cavaliers, mischievous kids, adaptable selenics. His wife Goyia lived 39 years old and during this time he wrote just one portrait. From the children born in this family union survived the only boy, who just like his great father, chose the artist's path. Francisco Goya was not distinguished by marital loyalty, he had a lot of novels and with aristocrats, and with commoners. But the main love of his life was the Duchess Alba, with which he forgot about the existence of all other women.
The leaving of the artisan family and the impoverished aristocrat, Francisco Goya, thanks to his talent and hardworking, managed to make a dizzying career and become a court artist first King Charles III, and after his death in 1788 - Charles IV. The painting "Family of Charles IV" is widely known, where the composition of the artist himself is present in the composition.
During the liberation struggle of the Spaniards against the French Having Affairs, Francisco Goya puts in the direction of the brush and takes into the hands of the cutter, in order to reflect horrors through the etchings of the "disaster" of the war.
The gloomy spot in the Creative Collection of Goya are "black paintings". Prehistory of the appearance of pictures is the following. In 1819, the artist acquired a two-story house under Madrid, known as the "deaf house". The previous owner just like Goya was deaf (the artist lost his rumor after severe illness and miraculously remained alive). Directly on the walls of the house of Goyya wrote 14 very unusual and sinister paintings, the most terrible of which - "Saturn, devouring his son."
In 1824, the artist, lost the mercy of King Ferdinand, leaves Spain and lives in the French city of Bordeaux to his death. The old age of Goya scratched Leokady de Wece, which for the silent elderly artist threw her husband. At the age of 82, Francisco Goya, in the consciousness of which he was intertwined and dark, and bright worlds, goes into eternity, leaving us their contradictory, but very talented work. The most famous of them are a double canvas "Maha dressed", under it, as it were, "Nude Mach" is hidden, a series of "Caprician", portraits of his beloved Caetan Alba.
Introduction
Francisco Jose de Goya-I-Lusatenes (Span. Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes; March 30, 1746 (17460330), Fuendeodos, near Zaragoza - April 16, 1828, Bordeaux) - Spanish artist and engraver, one of the first and most brightest masters of the visual art of the era of romanticism.
1. Biography and creativity
In 1746, a son was born in the Master-Gollymer Master and Daughter's Daughter of the Son. In 1760, the family moves to Zaragozu and here the young man was given to the workshop of the artist Lusana-I-Martinez. After a few years, kneaded in a fight, he is forced to flee from Zaragoza. In 1766, Goya falls into Madrid. Here he meets the works of court artists, improves his skills and even participates in the competitions of the Madrid Academy of Arts, hoping to be adopted in the Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando. His picture was rejected, and he went to Italy. It turns out in Rome, where it is getting acquainted with the painting of Italian masters. However, being an adventurous nature, again falls into an unpleasant story: at night makes his way into the women's monastery to steal the beloved; Caught at the crime scene, he is forced to leave Rome.
In 1771, having received the second award of the Parm Academy of Arts for the painting on the topic from ancient history, returns to Zaragozu, where it works on the frescoes in the traditions of the late Italian baroque (lateral naves church of Nourera Señora del Pilar, 1771-1772).
Around 1773, Goya settled in Madrid from his friend Francisco Bayeu, and worked in his workshop. Byeu was then the official court artist King Charles IV and Queen Maria Louise. Francisco acquainted Goyu with his sister Hosefa, from which he was delighted and soon seduced her. In 1775, Goya had to marry her when she was on the fifth month of pregnancy. Four months later, the boy was born, whom Eusebio called, he lived for a long time and soon died. Total Josef gave birth to five (according to various data and more) children from which only one boy named after Javier - Francisco Javier Pedro - who became an artist. As soon as Goya has become available meetings with court aristocrats, Josef was almost forgotten. Goya wrote only one portrait.
By the protection of Bayeu Goya, it was performed for the Royal Handle Manufactory in 1776-1780 45 Panels, which served as samples (cards) for tapestries and received a permanent job in the factory. These works brought Goya fame. In 1780, Goya was accepted at the courtyard and wrote a portrait of the king, a picture of the academic style "Crucifix" and became a member of the Royal Academy (from 1785 Vice-Director, and from 1795 - director of its picturesque department), and in 1786 he was appointed a court painter in 1786; After the death of Karl III, became the court artist Karl IV and from 1799 his first painter.
In 1791, Goya met with the Duchess Alba, who became his beloved and patronage. He begins to care for her. But in 1792-93. It overtakes the disease, as a result of which he suffers. During recovery in 1792, Goya began working on his first large series of etchings Caprician (completed by 1799) - satire for political, social and religious order. In 1798 Karl IV commissioned Goya to paint the dome of his country church San Antonio de la Florida.
In 1796, the Duchess's husband died, she rides mourning this loss into his estate in Andalusia, and takes a goy with him. He wrote her portraits many times; The two most famous of them are "Mach Nude" (approx. 1797) and "Maha dressed" (approx. 1802, Prado). After her death creates "Mahu on the balcony" (about 1816, Metropolitan Museum, New York). Duchess Alba died in 1802. She taught to issue 3,500 reals from the state of Javier Goya who remained after it, the son of the artist.
In 1808, Spain was occupied by Napoleon. Goya witnessed an uprising against Napoleonic troops in Madrid and the following repression. After Spain was released, he captured these events in two famous canvases: "Rise of Puerta del Sol on May 2, 1808" and "The shooting of Madrid rebels on the night of May 3, 1808" (both approx. 1814, Madrid, Prado) .
His son married the daughter of a rich merchant and began to live separately. Goya remained very alone. These are extremely heavy for Goya years, he lived alone in the Country House "Quint Del Sudo" (that is, "House deaf"), whose walls painted with oil (1820-1823, painting are now in Prado).
He meets the Lokadya de Wece, the wife of the entrepreneur Isidro Weis, which then divorces her husband. She had a daughter from Goya, which Rosarit called. Fearing persecution by the new Government of Spain, in 1824, Goya, together with the Leokey and Little Rosaryt, left to France, where he held his last four years of life. In exile, he writes portraits of his emigrant friends, mastering the newly lithography technique and makes a series dedicated to the battle of bulls: Bordeaux Bulls, 1826 and the painting "Bordeaux thrush" (1827-1828). By this time, the influence of Goya on the artistic culture begins to acquire pan-European significance.
In honor of Goya named Crater on Mercury.
2. Work
Saturated in color and casual on the composition of the scenes of everyday life and festive folk entertainment (all - in Prado, Madrid):
"Umbrella", 1777;
"Seller's dishes" and "Madrid Market", 1778;
"Game in Pelota", 1779;
"Young Bull", 1780;
"Wounded Mason", 1786;
"Game in Zhmurki", 1791.
Since the beginning of the 1780s, Goya gets fame and as a portraitist:
Portrait of a graph Floridablanca, 1782-83 (Bank Urikovo, Madrid)
"Family of the Duke Osuna", 1787, (Prado);
Portrait of Marquise A. Ponhothos, about 1787 (National Gallery of Art, Washington);
Señora Bermudes (Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest);
F. Bayeu (Prado), Dr. Penal (National Gallery, London) Both 1796;
F. Gui Marda, 1798 (Louvre, Paris),
"La Tirana"1799 (ah, madrid);
"Family of King Charles IV" 1800 (Prado);
F. Savas Garsp., about 1805 (National Gallery of Art, Washington);
I. Kovos de Port, about 1806 (National Gallery, London);
portrait T. Peres., (1820 (Metropolitan Museum);
P. de Molina, 1828 (Assembly O. Reinhart, Winterthur).
The nature of his art changes dramatically with the beginning of the 1790s before the events of the Great French Revolution. Life approving in the work of Goya is replaced by deep dissatisfaction, festive dies and the refinement of light shades - sharp clashes of dark and light, hobby of Thipolo - the development of the traditions of Velasquez, El Greco, and later Rembrandt.
In his painting, tragedy and darkness, absorbing figures, graphics becomes sharp: the stringer's swift drawing, scratching the touch of the needle in the etching, black and white effects of the batteries. Proximity to Spanish enlighteners (M. Khovelyanosh-I-Ramirez, M. Kh. Kintana) exacerbates the dislike of Guy to feudal-clerical Spain. Among the well-known works of that time - the dream of the mind gives rise to monsters.
Pictures dedicated to the liberation of Spain
Self-portrait (1815, Prado) - See at the top.
2.1. Series Ofortov
"Caprician", 1797-1798 - Creation at 80 sheets with comments, which reveals the ugliness of the moral, political and spiritual foundations of the Spanish "old order";
"TAVROMAHIA", 1815 - published in 1816 in Madrid;
"Disasters of war", 1810-1820 - 82 sheets were published in 1863 in Madrid), performed mostly during the national liberation wars against the Napoleonic invasion and the first Spanish revolution (1808-1814);
"Disparates" ("Foys"), 1820-1823 - 22 sheets, published in 1863 in Madrid called "LOS PROVERBIOS" ("Proverbs", "Proverbs") .
The bulk of the unique copper plates engraved by Goya is maintained in the Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando (UKR) in Madrid. During the life of the artist, his etchs were not widely known. The "disasters of war" and "proverbs" were first published by the San Fernando Academy only in 1863, 35 years after his death.
3. Movies about Goya
"Nude Mach" ( The Naked Maja.), 1958, USA - Italy - France. Director Henry Bonfire; In the role of Goya - Anthony Franchoz.
"Goya, or a grave path of knowledge", 1971, the production of the USSR - GDR - Bulgaria - Yugoslavia. According to the novel of the novel of Lyon Feikhthanger. Director Konrad Wolf; In the role of Goya - Donatas Banionis.
"Goya in Bordeaux" ( Goya En Burdeos.), 1999, the production of Italy - Spain. Director Carlos Saura; In the role of Goya - Francisco Rabal.
"Nude Mach" ( Volaverunt), 1999, production France - Spain. Director Bigas Moon; In the role of Goya - Jorge Poughtorria.
Ghosts Goya, 2006, the production of Spain - USA. Director Milos Foreman; In the role of Goya - Stellan Scarsgord.
Bibliography:
"Disparates"
Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando; Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando