China is a country that is ideal for tourist travel. Arriving here, as if you get to another planet. So harmoniously combines the pristine nature and overcrowded megalopolises with their huge skyscrapers. Being a third state in the world in size, with a huge cultural history, it is capable of enchanting and hit any traveler.

China on world map

The lands of this country are located in East Asia, having mastered the colossal territory, 9, 6 square kilometers. In addition to the mainland land, the Republic owns the island province of Hainan and some small islands. The coast of countries go to the seas: Chinese (southern and eastern) and from the eastern part to yellow. For its lands, two Great Huanghe Rivers flow and, originating in the depths of the Tibetan mountains. China has joint borders with the following states: the DPRK in the North - East; Russian Federation in the North - East and North - West; Mongolia in the north; Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan in the south; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal in the West; Kazakhstan in the north-western direction.

Maps of the People's Republic of China

The administrative separation of the state includes three levels: parish, province and autonomy areas. However, the factual, China considers five-level local governments: province, district, county, parish and village

1. The province (urban district) has 22 units, 23 y informally take Taiwan. Also, the provinces include autonomous areas of 5 units and 4 municipalities.
2. District (prefecture) of the city with agricultural lands adjacent to them.
3. County provincial rural unit. According to 2017, there were about 2850 counties.
4. Volost. Villagers and territories where national minorities live. There are about 40,000 volosts.
5. Village. Managed by the village committee and does not play roles in the executive power of the country.

A detailed map of China with cities and districts will tell me how they are territorially distributed.

Physical Card.

Rich in beautiful places. Geographic will specify the places that you like to do. Mountain ridge lovers will form the imagination of Himalayas and Tien - Shansky slopes with their amazing resorts. Mountains are replaced by luxurious plains, fertile lowland deserts. On the map you can see all the beauty of the relief, the location of water bodies and plant world.

Economy PRC

China's Color Economic Map with cities will tell about the concentration of the production and production industry of the country, the location of the main agricultural land. The largest financial centers will show, such as the capital of PRC Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin. Will reveal the length of railways, which are proud countries.

Political map.

On this map you can more carefully consider the territorial separation of the state by the levels of local self-government bodies and population. As well as land disputed by the republic with other countries for the right of belonging.

Provincial China

Map of China with provinces is impressive administrative territories. The basis of statehood and management. Special administrative districts, city of centralized subordination, autonomous areas, provinces, all the largest territories of economic importance, helping the authorities competently and reliably manage the country.

The state border between our countries has taken the final form in 2005, after prolonged territorial disputes that ended in favor of the PRC. The total length of 4209 km, has both land plots and aquatic, on the rivers of the Arguan rivers, Amur and Ussuri.

Having gathered into the Middle Kingdom, a tourist or business trip, it is necessary to purchase a new map of China in Russian in advance. It will help you navigate and more deeply explore this amazing country.

China is the largest state of East Asia and the world, inferior in the territory of only and. On the square of 22 117 square meters. km lives at least 1.4 billion people. China has land borders with 14 countries, including Russia ,. China's shores are washed by East Chinese, Yellow, South China and the Korean Bay, Taiwan Strait separates from the continent. The coast stretches from the border with North Korea before.

The relief of the country is diverse, in China there is a plateau, mountains, deserts, plains and depressions. In the southwest, Tibetan Highlands reaches a height of 4,000 m and more. North China has high plains and mountain belt. In the south and northeast - low plains. The highest plateau in the world - Tibetan Highlands is surrounded by Himalayas, Kakakorum, Pamir and mountain ranges of Kunlun, Altyntag and Cilyanshan. At an altitude of 2,700-3,000 m is a swampy terrain - Cardina Zidam with salted lakes.

The north of Kunlun Mountains is a small Tarima Pool with a desert tacla makan and the Turfan's depressor, which is 154 m below sea level. In this area there are temperature fluctuations from +52 ° C to -18 ° C. Wpadin surround the oasis, through which the Great Silk Road passed. In the north of the Tarim basin, the Tian-Shan mountain range is towers, followed by the Dzungar Vpadina with rivers or Irtysh, current to Kazakhstan.

On the Mongolian plateau at an altitude of 1,000 m - the province of Inner Mongolia with the deserts of Alashan and Gobi. Small mountain ranges limit the plateau from the south and east and the deserts of the Ordos are completed. In the south of the desert, behind the Great Chinese Wall - a lesing plateau. Most of the Chinese live in shorts in the northeast to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Eastern Plains. In the south of the country - several mountain areas with a height of 200 to 2,000 m.

The world's maps that we see from childhood are especially the ones that we are shown at school - form our idea of \u200b\u200bhow the world is arranged. That would not be bad if we did not forget that the flat map is just a conditional and distorted display of the round world.

However, many of us transfer stereotypes across the card to a personal attitude to the real world. We begin to believe that there are countries that play the world dominant role, are in its center, and there are those that play the role of subordinate, are on its periphery.

As will be seen below, in different countries - Russia, Europe, the USA, China, Australia, Chile, South Africa - the world's maps are very different. It all depends on what the author of the map selects in each of the following three conditions: 1) How to center the map relative to the West and the East; 2) How to center the map regarding the North and South; 3) Which projection method is used.

World map for Russia

The vertical axis of the world (centering of the West and the East) passes through Moscow. Both America and Australia are on the periphery of the world. The Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a holistic space.

World map for Europe

The vertical axis of the world passes through London. As for the Russian Card, both America and Australia are on the periphery of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a holistic space. In addition, the equator (centering of the North and South) is shifted to the lower half of the card, which makes Africa, South America and Australia smaller in relation to North America and Eurasia than this is actually.

World map for the USA

The vertical axis of the world passes through the United States. America turns out to be a "island" washed by the Pacific Ocean from the West and the Atlantic Ocean from the East. As in the European map, the equator is shifted to the lower half of the card, which makes the size of North America and Eurasia much more in relation to the sizes of South America, Africa and Australia, which is in reality. In addition, the perception of Russia, India and China is complicated for the American: these countries are present for the Americans twice - in the West and East.

World map for china

China on his map is on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. In this ocean, all continents have exit, except Africa and Europe, which turn out to be on the periphery of the world.

World map for Australia

There is a common stereotype that dominates what is above, and the fact that below is in the subordinate position. Australians not only by holding the vertical axis of the world through their mainland, it is still placed on top of all others, turning the card for 180 degrees. Like the United States, they are the island lying between three oceans: quiet, Indian and South. An important role is started to play Antarctic, hidden in the lowest on all other maps.

World map for South Africa

South Africa is similar to Australia at the top, and not at the bottom of the card, which makes you perceive it as a country dominating over all others. South Africa turns out to be a peninsula that is inclined between the two oceans: Indian and Atlantic. Pacific and Russia goes to the periphery of the world.

Chinese ancient territories

Empire Qing (1644 - 1912)

Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)

Yuan Dynasty (1279 - 1368)

North-West China
Dynasty Yuan (1279 - 1368)

Dynasty Song (960 - 1279)

North Sun Dynasty (960 - 1127)

Five dynasties and ten kingdoms (907 - 979)

Dynasty Tan 669 year (618 - 907)

Full period of sui (581 - 618)

Eastern Jin dynasty (317 - 420 AD)

Treasure period (220 - 280 AD)

These are cards from the Atlas on the history of China, according to which hundreds of millions of Chinese schoolchildren study. After looking at these cards of the original Chinese lands, you can easily answer a few very simple questions:
- Why are all the favorite dishes of the "Siberian" kitchen, such as dumplings, are actually dishes of traditional Chinese cuisine and can be ordered at any restaurant in China?
- Why are all the indigenous peoples of Siberia and those living east of the Urals indigenous peoples of the North look more like the Chinese than in Russians?
"Why do the Chinese easily tolerate frosts and can live without any problems and work in the permafrost zone and in the extreme north?

"After the second opium war, the Russian Empire, taking advantage of the seizure of China by the Army of Great Britain and France, occupied Chinese territories with the help of weapons forces, a meaning of the North-East and North-West of China more than 1.5 million square kilometers" - is an excerpt from Chinese The history textbook for the eighth grade from the point called the "Northern behavior of Russia" is also noted in the Chinese Northern Territories, including the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territory of the Far East of Russia, which Russia stole from China.

Under the auspices of the Regional Organization "Our Common House Altai", international student meetings are regularly held, which students from Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia are coming. The teacher participating in the holding of international student conferences in the Altai Republic, Professor of the Altai State Agricultural University, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences Andrei Ivanov on June 9, 2006, reported that in Chinese history textbooks, Western Siberia, to the Tomsk region, is considered as a "lost lands" China.

According to Professor Ivanov, the Russian student shared fears regarding the possible expansion of the Chinese to Russia, in particular, to the territory of Siberia. In response to this, a Chinese student said that this perspective should be calmer: "We are a growing nation, and we will really or later come here." "Later it turned out," said Ivanov, "that in Chinese history textbooks it says that Western Siberia on the Tomsk region is inclusive - temporarily lost Chinese territories."

China recognizes that the territories that have completed the 17th century to Zing China in the Agreement with the Russian Empire, which took advantage of the weakening of the Qing Empire, in two "unequal agreements": the Aigong Treaty of 1858 and the Beijing Agreement of 1860. The Russian-Chinese border was finally established in 2008, but in Russia continue to worry about the hidden territorial claims of China.

Of course, the official Chinese world map, no way reflects China's claims to Siberia and the entire Far East of Russia. In the same way as official maps of Russia and the official position of Russia did not reflect the claims of Russia on the Crimea and Novorossia back in 2013. The referendum in the Crimea and the "reunification" with Russia tested in just 2-3 weeks. China is ready to spend on the return of "temporarily lost territories of the subwayen" a little bit of time.

After the joining of the Crimea to Russia and the introduction of Western sanctions in March 2014, when Russia was excluded from the G8 group, 81% of Russians, according to the survey of the WTCIOM, said that China's leadership is friendly to Russia, putting Chinese regime in the first place among other countries The level of favor. Even the leader of the past Belarus was behind the PRC. In fact, China has reduced China investments, considering cooperation with the current Russia unpredictable. In early December 2015, the head of the NP GLONASS Alexander Gurko complained that after the closure for Russia, Western markets, the Chinese raised prices for electronic components for the GLONASS system 3-4 times. China has resolved Russia to export grain from a limited number of areas, but only in bags, and not embankment. This has made exports from Russia in short and put Russia in unequal conditions compared to other suppliers of Beijing. Russia is only 15th largest in China's trading partner. The trade turnover between China and Russia for the results of 2015 decreased by 27.8% - to 422.7 billion yuan ($ 64.2 billion). The volume of exports of Chinese goods to Russia in 2015 fell by 34.4% - to 216.2 billion yuan ($ 32.9 billion), and the import of Russian products to China fell by 19.1% - up to 206.5 billion yuan ($ 31 , 4 billion). The Russian share in foreign trade in the People's Republic of China fell from 2.2% to 1.65%.

Because of the weakening of the ruble there was a good moment for investment, since the working force and real estate facilities fell as a result. "It is obvious that Russia was not focused by the Chinese, the chief economist of the Eurasian Development Bank Yaroslav Lisovolik notes. - Of the $ 27 billion of China's direct investment in the CIS countries in 2015, Russia accounted for only $ 3.4 billion against $ 23.6 billion. For Kazakhstan. " In Kazakhstan, Chinese are primarily interested in the mining of raw materials and the creation of infrastructure for their own vehicles. The same applies to Russia, which confirms the example of Leonid Michelson. Cembura and Novateka, Leonid Michelson, in December 2015, sold Chinese Sinopec 10% of the largest Russian petrochemical concern "SIBUR" for $ 1.3 billion. The Chinese Foundation "Silk Road" bought 9.9% of the shares owned by Michelson project "Yamal LNG ". However, the example of Michelson did not become typical for all of Russia, as the Kremlin wanted, a German newspaper wrote Die Welt. .

No one in Beijing is going to make a fateful bid on the Russian-Chinese Union. From here - the disappointment of Russians by the fact that China did not recognize the entry of the Crimea to Russia, declared respect for the sovereignty of Ukraine and even allocated her $ 3.6 billion on projects on the substitution of natural gas, thereby helping to get rid of gas cord binding this country with Russia. Moreover, Chinese investments in Russia from the beginning of 2015 decreased by 8.2%. And if the reduction in foreign direct investment in Russia for 2014 by 70% somehow can be explained by the Machines of the West, then China's focusing interest looks in the eyes of a "advanced" alone at least betrayal.

"It's no secret that Russia is experiencing a difficult period. Nefedollara, as before, and now, are an important component of the Russian economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation calculated that at a price of oil $ 40 per barrel of Russian GDP will fall by 5%. At the same time, according to the estimates of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the budget of Russia does not be charged more than 3 trillion rubles. However, the most serious challenges are not in this. According to Chinese analysts, one of the main reasons for the financial and economic instability of 2014-2015 in Russia is a structural crisis of the economy, which began in 2012. Its essence consists in deindustrialization of the economy and the decline of agriculture, and after its end, it usually observes the impossibility of rapid recovery of the manufacturing industry and the agricultural sector, "writes" Xinhua "in analytical material" Will Russia can withstand the strength test against the background of a complex crisis ? ".

The director of the Institute of Russia at the Chinese Academy of Modern International Relations Feng Yujun believes that due to the Ukrainian crisis, Russia went into the most serious strategic deadlock since the beginning of the century. Due to the sharp decline in oil prices and the harsh sanctions of Western countries, the Russian economy entered into depression.

China's interest in Russia is no different from the interest of PRC to African or South American countries rich in natural resources. Now all 0.7% of foreign investments in China are going to Russia - less than from the EU, 15 times. This share can change somewhat if the control packets of the shares of Russian strategic oil and gas fields will be sold to the Chinese. But then we, firstly, risk becoming a full-fledged raw material appendage of China, and secondly, there are little difference from Africa, where the Chinese mineral extraction is invested, from 9 to 12 billion dollars, or from Latin America ( 20-25 billion Chinese investment in the industry).

Fantasies about the leadership of Russia in the hypothetical Russian Union are divided into the first comparisons of two economies. China has already become the first economy in the world by purchasing power parity, overtaking the United States. China's share in the global economy, according to the latest reports of the International Monetary Fund, reached 16.48% and second place 16.28% in the US economy. To understand the scale of our lag: the proportion of Russia, when oil cost more than $ 100 per barrel, accounted for 3.3% (of which constitutes raw materials). In addition, China was published in the world in the number of technical laboratories per capita and exporting technologies; We are here, again, are a concerned importer. If you look at the numbers, then shudder, because Russia's trade turnover with China before the fall in oil prices amounted to $ 95 billion, and China from the United States is $ 650 billion. Once again: $ 650 billion and $ 95 billion. This is where material and intangible benefits are produced. This is obvious how twice two are four. No increase in Russia's turnover with China will not change the priority of the American vector of China's development vector.

Actively invest in Russia in China has no particular causes. Beijing is guided by severe economic logic and usually invests either to the country of the first world, capable of giving technology and management practices (USA), or to third-world countries, relatively cheaply and without excess workers with labor legislation, parting with resources and sowing areas (Sudan, Zimbabwe) . Russia does not belong to the first, nor to the second category. If you judge the rating of ease of business Doing Business, where Russia in October 2015 rose to the 51st position, China surrounds Singapore (1st place), Hong Kong (5th place), South Korea (4th place), Taiwan (11th place) and Malaysia (18th place). In the Global Opportunity Index ranking, which measures the investment attractiveness of the state, Russia held in 2015 the 81st position, Singapore - 1st, Hong Kong - 2nd, Malaysia - 10th, South Korea - 28, Japan - 17- Yu. At the same time, in terms of the "rule of law", Russia rolled back at once to the 119th position, to the company with Nigeria and Mozambique.

Russian myths. Myths about Russia and Russians. Myths about Russia and Russians. Soviet myths about the USSR and the Soviet people. Tutorial for adults and children, schoolchildren of all classes, Students, students and cadets.

In the historiography of China, there are separate directions, paying great attention to the territorial issues and problems of the evolution of the borders of China. At different periods of history, these scientific schools are acquired, they lose their popularity. So, some researchers believe that the territorial issue with Russia is not settled so far, and some of the territories that are now part of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan were in due time seized by the Russian Empire in China.

Divorce the myth about the gathering land of Russian

Opinion of experts on Russian-Chinese relations

Andrei Stolyarov, Dmitry Prokofiev, Maria Matskevich, Dmitry Travin, Rosbalt, St. Petersburg, December 15, 2014.

Already soon after the proclamation of the Republic of China - in 1916 and 1932. Books appeared, the main idea of \u200b\u200bwhich was the "return of lost territories": the Far East from Kamchatka to Singapore, Bhutan, parts of Afghanistan, India, etc. This was due to the fact that China's leadership, which was part of the Qing Empire (1644-1912. ), claims to all the territory of this empire after it collapsed and on all the land, the dominance of which the emperors declared according to the ancient Chinese geopolitical concept. "Lost territories" make up more than 10 million square meters. km. This exceeds the territory of the PRC (9.6 million square meters).

Mao Zedong also attached great importance to this issue. Mao put forward a global goal: "We must conquer the earthly ball ... In my opinion, our globe is most importantly, where we will create a powerful power." This led to the border conflict - the Chinese-Indian border conflict of 1962, the Chinese-Indian border conflict of 1967, the Sino-Soviet border conflicts on about. Damansky, Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, incidents from the Japanese Islands Ryuku (Sentka archipelago).

Nowadays, these claims on foreign policy arena are not declared, but voiced inside the PRC, and in history this approach has been preserved.

The People's Republic of China is building roads at the border with Russia. Communications will be needed in the case for rapidly transferring troops in the case of armed conflict from the Russian Federation. Our country, according to experts, is not able to repulse the southern neighbor suffering from overpopulation and can lose the Far East and Siberia.

Nevertheless, as experts believe, at this stage, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and Exterior Mongolia will remain the priority directions of foreign policy PRC in the medium term. In addition, the adventurous foreign policy of Putin, aimed at confrontation with the West, creates a favorable conditions for the peaceful "development" of these territories by the Chinese.

Recently, a curious case came out with maps. Immediately after the joining of Crimea to Russia, the Chairman of the PRC Si Jinping went to Berlin with a visit. It was met by Ms. Merkel, who presented the Card of China, made in 1735 by the French cartographer by Jean-Baptis Burguignon D'Anviem and printed in Germany. The photograph of donation was shown only in one perspective. In such:

In the Chinese media, there were reports that Merkel presented a map of 1844 by John Bridge. Here she is:

The Chinese blogosphere exploded and began to warmly thanks to Comrade Merkel for such a gift. All perceived this as an attempt by Chinese hands to respond to the Russians for the Crimea: go, they say, and return the Far East! In fact, Merkel gave a map that looks like this:

There is no Tibet on the presented map! Merkel was subtly hinted by Jinping: if China tries to behave in the spirit of "Krymnash", we remind you about Tibet.

Recently, the topic of Chinese expansion is increasingly discussed in the Russian community, right up to the scenarios of the military conflict. On the one hand, there is an overpopulation of North city territories, on the other - the semi-empty territories of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Due to the airless reliability of these regions and their settlement, they are legal, and in many cases, illegal Chinese migrants, Russia may be before the fact that the Chinese in Siberia and the Far East will be more than Russians. It is possible that later, when the Chinese will be more here than Russians, in fact, these territories will be controlled by China, legally remaining for Russia.

This is here, first of all, about demographic expansion. In the Russian Federation, the exact statistical accounting of Chinese migrants is not established, there are differences between the data of various departments. According to the federal migration service to Russia, at least 300 thousand Chinese annually enters, according to FSB, 2 times more. Returns back only half. According to the Federal Tax Service of Russia, for 2009 had a temporary registration of 235 thousand CNI citizens, another 103 thousand Chinese temporarily worked on labor quotas in Russian enterprises. If they add to them to the Chinese who received Russian citizenship, and in the Russian Federation are illegally, the number will be more than half a million people.

"Forced to the Mire" is such a Moscow Stebo over Putin and Medvedev.

In connection with the continuation of economic growth in China, China's demand for raw materials will only increase. Thus, Russia is more closely and closely tosing its economy to the giant Eastern neighbor, gradually turns out to be its raw material appendage. Russia is considered China, first of all, as a huge source of commodity resources. Thus, in 2009, a regional cooperation program was approved between Eastern Siberia and the Far East on the part of the Russian Federation and the Northeastern provinces of the PRC, providing for the implementation of joint projects in the infrastructure and economics of both countries. According to the adopted program, many enterprises will be created in Russia with the involvement of Chinese labor. At the same time most of the products will go to China. In the coming years, the mass of joint projects in hydropower, forest, mining, oil and gas industries, favorable, primarily in China, is scheduled. Consequently, everything goes to the fact that the Asian part of Russia will gradually move to the ownership of the PRC.

After the visit of Vladimir Putin's president to China at the end of May 2014, during which a 30-year-old contract for the supply of gas from the Russian Federation to China is 400 billion dollars, a sharp surge of Chinese expansion to Russia is expected. Putin, during this visit, stated that Russia was interested in the participation of Chinese business in the development of the Far East. At the same time, he emphasized that for the two countries it is important not only to trade, and "to form strong technological, industrial alliances, to attract investments in infrastructure and energy, together to promote scientific research, humanitarian bonds, to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of our trade and economic relations to perspective ".

In early February 1904, Schiff organized at home a meeting of influential representatives of industrial and financial circles of America. He stated: "In the next 72 hours, war will begin between Japan and Russia. I was asked to provide loans to the Japanese government. I want to hear your opinion, how such actions will be able to influence the position of our uniforms in Russia. "

After that visit Putin to Beijing, the Russian government actually approved China's further expansion to the Far East. In the Cabinet ready to close their eyes to the mass relocation of the CNR citizens in this Russian region, if they are engaged in production, writes "Moscow's comsomolets" . This was discussed at the meeting at Premier Dmitry Medvedev on June 2, 2014, dedicated to the development of the Far East. Selection of an article in the Russian press on this topic publish "Headers".

In the myth on the "Slavic roots of the Russian" scientists of Russia, a bold point is set: there is nothing from Slavs in the Russians. The Western border to which truly Russian genes are still preserved, coincides with the eastern border of Europe in the Middle Ages between the Grand Durability of Lithuanian and Russians with Muscovy. This boundary coincides with the isotherm of the middle winter temperature -6 degrees Celsius, and with the western border of the 4th zone of frost resistance of the USDA zones.

Secondly, the overpopulation of the eastern regions of the PRC creates an exorbitant load on nature and infrastructure, and attempts to limit the growth of the population are half and at the same time lead to unresolved social problems (for brief descriptions, another large publication is needed).

Therefore, considering the current situation in the People's Republic of China, it is impossible not to see that external expansion can be the best solution in order to destroy Gordiyev node of the country's problems. It will provide a significant increase in the territory and quantity of natural resources. For this expansion there is a huge resource potential in the face of "extra people" (unemployed, young men who are not secured by brides due to the strongest sexual imbalance, beggar peasants). Moreover, very high unemployment among young people and the "shortage of brides" makes high their own losses during the fighting are not just admissible, but perhaps even desirable for the country's military-political leadership.

A significant increment of the territory will allow to cancel birth restrictions, which will help if they do not completely remove, then social contradictions associated with these restrictions (they are truly dramatic and deserve a large separate discussion). Objectively speaking, the territory for China is even more important than resources. On the extraction of natural resources on its own or occupied territory, or on their acquisition abroad, in any case, significant funds must be spent. The territory is an absolute value that cannot be replaced. At the same time, social problems generated by the country's overpopulation is much more dangerous for it than the lack of resources and an extremely severe environmental situation. It is they who lead to the split within society and between society and the authorities, that is, to delegitimation of the PDA power. Just because of social problems, the collapse of the Chinese economy is almost inevitable. Accordingly, external expansion becomes for the Chinese leadership by a non-alternative solution.

The general weakly-plated western part of the country, unfortunately, is not suitable for the normal life of people. Tibet is an extreme high mountain, where it is impossible for permanent accommodation that is not possible to this "flat" residents and especially any serious economic activity. Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Area (Suar) in this regard is not much better. Against the background of these regions, South Siberia is incomparably more comfortable and more favorable in all respects. But Southeast Asia, whom, proclaimed by the main direction of Chinese expansion, is just very little for such an expansion. There is quite a bit of the territory, some resources (at least much less than in the Asian part of Russia), but a lot of local people, with disloyal Beijing. Therefore, it is not necessary to engage in self-deception, China has only two directions of expansion - Russia (more precisely, its Asian part) and Kazakhstan.

Of course, Beijing would prefer the peaceful version of the expansion (demographic and economic), but it may simply not be enough time, the critical exacerbation of the internal contradictions will happen earlier than peaceful expansion gives a practical result. Accordingly, the military version of the expansion is absolutely not excluded. The theoretical base, both historical and military, is supplied under it.

No matter how much official statements sounded that China does not have territorial claims to us (mostly these statements are heard for some reason from Russia itself), but the Aigunsky and Beijing contracts, according to which the current border is established, they are officially considered unfair and unequal. In this international law, there are simply no such categories. But China will introduce them when it takes a little relics.

Borders of the People in Chinese

As for the military component, the concept of strategic borders and living space deserves special attention, which is designed to justify and the eligibility of maintaining the Sun of China offensive fighting. In the newspaper of the main political governance of NAK "Zsefanjun Bao" about the border of the living space, it was said that she determines the living space of the state and the country and is associated with the influx and outflow of the comprehensive national power, "reflects the power of the state as a whole and serves the interests of its existence, the economy, Safety and scientific activity. The concept is based on the point of view that the growth of the population and the limited resources cause natural needs for expanding space to ensure the further economic activity of the state and an increase in its "natural sphere of existence". It is assumed that territorial and spatial binds indicate only the limits in which the state with the help of real power can "effectively protect their interests."

The "strategic boundaries of the living space" should move as the "integrated state of state" grows. As the same "Jefanjun Bao" wrote, effective control carried out for a long time over a strategic area, which is carried out outside the geographical boundaries, ultimately lead to transferring them. The concept involves the transfer of hostilities from cross-border areas into the zones of strategic borders or even beyond their limits, despite that the causes of military conflicts may be difficult to "ensure the legal rights and interests of China in the APR". China believe that the boundaries of the life space of strong powers are far beyond the limits of their legal borders, and the sphere of influence of weak countries is less than their national territory.

The rapid pumping of the offensive potential of the NAK and the nature of the exercises carried out (they are described in the article "China is ready for a great war") in this concept fit perfectly.

As for the factor of nuclear deterrence, it is redundant against the non-nuclear countries, and the nuclear (to those, alas, China belongs) is very doubtful. We must not forget about the extremely low sensitivity of the Chinese to losses (in this there are their cardinal difference from the Western armies). Our trouble is that we are Ishitovo believe in nuclear deterrence, and this very much prevents the development of ordinary sun. Nuclear weapons should be the last argument. We brought themselves to the state when it is the first and only one. At the same time, as was shown in the article "Surprise from the Middle Kingdom", the Nuclear War is seriously prepared in the PRC. Yes, of course, the Chinese do not want her. But, obviously, it is believed that in the extreme case she is permissible, because the collapse of the country from the inside may be worse. Moreover, in this case, the possible civil war will be the use of its own nuclear weapons in its territory.

Alas, our military-political leadership sees a threat to Russia in territorial claims of Latvia and Estonia, whose armed forces totally weaker than the 76th DShD. But China for our bosses is not at all the threat. It has a place of breath or a crime - non-attractive, the result will be one.

A. B. Zubov: "Aggression against a neighbor - the cause of the revolution: the experience of 1905"

Russian-Japanese War, Witte, Stolypin and Nicholas II. Russia, China, Japan, United Kingdom, USA, Germany and their role in the Russian revolution.

China announced the beginning of the reform of the Armed Forces on the American Pattern

In November 2015, the Chairman of the PRC Si Jinspin during a three-day meeting with approximately 200 high-ranking military stated that in the Armed Forces of the PRC, a large-scale reform would be carried out aimed at raising their combat readiness with an eye to use outside the country.

As part of the reform, it is planned to unite all types of troops under the Unified Military Command, which will be created by 2020, as well as create "elite combat units". It is supposed to reduce the number of existing military districts from 7 to 4. The last major military reform in China was carried out in 1985 with Dan Xiaopin. Then the number of military districts was reduced from 11 to 7, and the number of the army decreased by 1 million people.

The military reform project provides for the creation of a single command for Chinese armies, fleets, aviation and missile forces, reported earlier Bloomberg with reference to its sources. About their data, it is also planned to reduce the number of officers and traditional land birth of troops with simultaneous increase in the role of aviation and the fleet, as more adapted to the maintenance of modern hostilities.

"This is the largest military reform since the 1950s," said Bloomberg, the retired colonel of the General Staff of the Chinese army Yue Gan explained. According to him, she will shake the "the most foundations of the China military system built on the Soviet model." He stressed that as a result, the United American-style team system will be created, which will turn the Chinese army into force with which they will be considered in the world.

According to the experts of The New York Times, China's armed forces amount to about 2.24 million people, of which 1.6 million serve in the ground forces, 400 thousand - in aviation and 240 thousand - on the fleet. Despite the slowdown in economic growth, Beijing in 2015 increased defense costs by 10% to $ 145 billion.

Russia undoubtedly has a chance to preserve in its current huge borders

The assertion in the title seems strange only until what is considered without a historical retreat and geopolitical perspective. And obvious after at least a small analysis.

With the beginning of confrontation with the West, due to the introduction of the Crimea, the transfer of strategic partnership from Europe to Asia to the Putin's Federation began rapidly. Already today, just two weeks after the joining of the Crimea, Russian money in London (and their at least 150 billion) is transferred to Singaporean banks. Others (like "Putin's wallet" Timchenko (~ 60 million) translate capital from Europe to Russia. However, with the real perspective, the collapse of the ruble, keep them in Russian banks - it means to risk to turn capital into dust. But where to keep them? In American and European banks It is impossible for assets can be frozen at any time. In the offractions, it is equally risky because they can be taken to similar control (see history with Cyprus). Thus, China - from Putin's point of view with "advisers" - becomes a strategic partner of Russia and how Buyer of energy resources, and as a banking center, and as a global military ally.

However, is this partnership? To understand this, we turn to the history of China's relations with Russia and the Russians.

In Russia, they do not remember that during the Golden Horde, Russia was part of the Genghisid Empire with the capital in Beijing. Where of the Karakorum, the grandson of Changizhan Kubilai Khan translated her. The Golden Ord, which was paid to tribute (approximately as a village on Yenisei considers the chief chief of Krasnoyarsk), was just one of the four regions of the Mongol-Chinese Empire (Ulus Juchi) - such as the Federal Republic of the USSR. Rus was one of the regions of this region, not the biggest and not the richest.

The Mongolian Dynasty of Yuan was overthrown as a result of the peasant uprising of the red dressings. In 1368, Zhu Yuan-Zhang proclaimed the creation of the Empire Min and became its first emperor. The new Vladyk of China was interested only in the way and only she. Earth for consecutive interest did not cause. Zhu yuan-Zhang dissolved his inheritance to his inheritance with a motivation, similar to that, after 623, he felt Yeltsin to dissolve the Soviet Union, created by the Russians in the territory of the three uluses of the Mongols, which the Chinese of the Empire Ming era voluntarily ceased but which during the yuan dynasty Beijing. And in Beijing it is perfectly remembered today and do not forget for a minute! Calling Russia is not otherwise as younger sister and considering China's younger sister. Not a brother, not an older sister, not a sister-in-peer, and younger sister. Behind which the elder brother (China) should strictly look at and manage her life. Therefore, Putin's actions on the transfer of Russia's partnership from Europe to Beijing in China are perceived as the return of the territories under the parent LONO to the Chinese. The younger sister returned to his family in the east. The younger sister of the Chinese The Great Steppe, extending from Vladivostok to the Carpathians, walking and cheating, voluntarily returned to the patronage and strict control of the senior Chinese brother. Which will be with no strict - as it should be in the Chinese tradition of the older brother. So as not to walked, the head did not lose and the foolish did not only divert, but you can swear ...

By making China strategic (as it seems) to a partner of Russia, Putin turns Russia not just to the commodity appendage of China, and in the Chinese province or province, part of one of which in times of the Golden Horde was Russia. Complete subordination of the younger sister of Russia China will go quickly and inevitably. What kind of forms will be used? The most diverse from the population of empty regions by the Chinese and the construction of the super-modern cities with the population of Million and more people (Russian Siberia and the Far East for five hundred years after the "conquest of Ermacom" were not settled and did not have mastered, and the Chinese will starve-pop up) to political and economic dependence which will be complete. Yes, there is an objectively, otherwise and can not be with any raw crop and in general the seller of any product, for the sale of raw materials with only one buyer ...

The dependence of the younger sister of Russia from the older brother of China, thanks to Putin's acts, after the collapse of the price of gas and oil, induced by West, will be full and comprehensive for several years.

The collapse of Russia will not be - China will not allow. There will be a completely different dissolution of Russia in one and a half million China.

Thus, the capture of the Crimea sharply changes the geopolitical map of the world. The borders of Europe that Tatishchev was moved to the Urals, returned to the Dnieper and Don - there, where they spent more Herodot. The world of white (or, expressing political adjustable, palenitice) of a person, in Eurasia who was considered to be accompanied from Chukotka to France, with the additions of Crimea to Russia decreased many times. Asia (in Chinese Cup) spread to the Arctic Ocean and the Urals, and after a short time will come to Moscow. Thinking that he restores the Soviet Union, Putin restores the territory submitted to the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan Empire. Who got so much so much that Marco Polo, who lived at the court of Cubilai-Khan deciments, never mentioned that the Lords were Mongols but called them by the Chinese. From Beijing, the Moscow authorities will soon receive labels for the Board, as with Horde. Already from next year, Chinese should be introduced as compulsory for learning in Russian universities. Chinese will first first be the second state-owned language in the territory of the former Siberian Khanate, then as the second state throughout the Russian province, and then the only state language. Russia's accession to China, by referendum, which will be held under the eye of polite yellow little men, similar to Crimean, or without a referendum - a question of 15, a maximum of 20 years. For some time, Putin (who from the Communist Party, according to his biography, never went out) will be the head of the Chinese Communication of Russia - we will not forget that it is ruled in modern China's Communist Party. Communists of Russia under the leadership of Zyuganov Association with the Chinese Communists will welcome because they will again become the only party in the country. Mao and Lenin's party!

Reorienting the federation from the West to the East, Putin turns Russia in first Ulus Rus-Juchi. Then, as compressing, in the province of Russia. Well, and then to the area of \u200b\u200bMuscovites, which neither in human resources, or economic development does not pull on Chinese scale and for the province.

Golden Horde (Ulus Juci)
(self-calf on the Turkic ulus - "Great State")

How will Russia begged by the Chinese? For example, China may require a visa-free regime from Russia. That very, the preservation of Russia requires Ukraine. Since the federation since the beginning of the conflict with the West fully depends on the Chinese procurement of raw materials, from such a proposal, from which it is impossible to refuse, it cannot refuse. As a result, in a year in Russia, twenty-fifty-one hundred million Chinese can live in Russia. Will be hardworking to work: to turn in the fields of taiga and swamps, build super-modern cities, laying super-speed railways and highways .... The provision of citizenship to the Chinese working in Russia (similar to the developed Depardieu) is the following legitimate requirement. After that, the requirement of referenda in all regions of Russia, which will be one after another to go to China. Peacefully and simple, in accordance with the precedent of the province of the Crimea. There are a lot of options, but the result of all options will be one. Russia will dissolve in China ...

The described course of events in the event that Putin does not go to the opponent, it seems inevitable, natural. Is it good or bad from the point of view of the Federation? Answers can be different, depending on the views of a reader. Is it good or bad from the point of view of God and humanity? From the point of view of the civilization of a white man, this is a colossal strengthening of Asia. If we consider Russian Slavs and not the people of steppes and began to be Hunns (they and Finno-Ugry) betrayal of Putin of Slavic peoples, and the white race and created by people with white skin of civilization is one of the most sublimate betrayals who have ever been (although Putin, who did not go to the historical faculty at the lecture, does not suspect this - as well as the Russian "Slavic" who is unplulating the province of the Crimea, but in reality a multinational people). The Communist Party of Russia (the leadership of which Putin and Zyuganov in the province of Russian Chinese leaders may preserve for a while) will become a compartment of one of the provinces than something like the Communist Party of Ukraine into the life of the Union. Russia turns into the appendage of China, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich will be squeezed to the Moscow principality of the time of Ivan the Great Third, and maybe even only to the borders of Kalita. The Russian people in Siberia and the Far East will dissolve in the Chinese, in Muscovy, it will become one of the small non-ethnic groups, the influence on world events and even on the subnet (small integral part of which will become no one.

However, from the point of view of the preservation of humanity and from the point of view of the Lord God, nothing terrible from the transition of Russia under the Chinese Protectorate will not happen. On the contrary, the apocalypse, to which Putin mankind does not take place. For its five-thousand melative history, China has never been an aggressor, the territory of the Mongolian Empire got him as a voluntary gift of the Mongols fascinated by Chinese culture. China is interested in cooperation and not in the territorial expansion. So it will establish a new balance. Harmony between Asia from Beijing to Don, and Europe from Dnieper to Lamanesh.

The process of absorbing Russia by China after he was elected Russia, as it seems Putin, the general partner, and in reality the lord, can occur slowly (for years fifteen), and may and much faster. If, by making Russia the younger sister of China, Putin will try to continue the military poles, he from Beijing is strictly prying with his finger. And if Putin and his environment will continue the tradition of theft, lies, hypocrisy (defects according to the conflicting tradition of worst, finding who officials in China mercilessly shoots) Putin and companions will finish life publicly executed Tiananiman Square. Or on red ... Not for crimes in front of humanity (to which Confucian China refers philosophically), and for the discrepancy between the treasures and crooks, which the death penalty is relied on Chinese laws.

Not not fantasy and not a summary of the series from the life of the aliens, and the future of the federation, if Putin does not change the road chosen for Russia, which will happen inevitably. And so that this is not, Putin is no longer very late to think. It is consulted not only with paintings-generals and accomplices, but also with scientists, with historians, with independent analysts from him. And stop the expansion paranoia.

The largest criminal grouping in the history of modern Russia, a gang of murderers, raiders and casnocraders headed the former Soviet intelligence officer.

Recently, and after the start of Russia ahead on the map! (The movement that lasted five centuries at the speed of Holland in the year stopped in the disintegration of the Union but resumed Putin, especially) that matter is the question: not the federation fall? The question is due to repeatability is very dangerous. Because when all about anything constantly say, even with a particle is not, this is something necessarily happening.

So here. Looking at what is happening across the millennium, you come to an obvious conclusion. The territory occupied by the Federation as a whole will remain unified. This becomes apparent after it is removed from the eye, the pseudo-patriotic chimeras. Which were invented to strengthen the integrity of the Russian Empire and the patriotism of many people inhabiting her peoples, then as they actually destroy both.

The basis of the territory of the Federation is the Great Steppe. Which always ruled one people. Huns, Khazara, Polovtsy, Mongols, not long (after the transfer of the capital of the Mongolian Empire to Beijing descendants of Chingiz Khan) Chinese, well, and the last five hundred years of Russian. Taiga and Tundra in the north were an application to the Great Steppe. Siberian and Far Eastern forests independently have never been and always managed by the people of steppe (remember Siberian Khanate). The Great Steppe was always controlled by one dominant people. Therefore, it is possible not to doubt that after fluctuations, in length in tens or maybe in a hundred years, the unity of the Great Steppe will be restored.

Another thing is what people will manage a huge Euro-Asian space. To date, there are two and only two candidates for this role. Russian and Chinese. Europeans to command Asia do not seek, for Pakistan, Iran and Turkey it is unreal: speaking in common, the intestine is thin. Can China replace Russia on this gigantic space? Theoretically can. Especially if Russia continues a crazy and suicidal policy orientation instead of Europe to China. His younger brother becoming. Without any chance in the long term, not to become the fact that it was once (during the century, when the capital of the Mongolian Empire was in Beijing): part of one of the regions of China. Russia's strength has always been that it used European achievements without becoming part of Europe. If this policy persists, the Great Rus will continue.

For five hundred years of the Board of the Great Stepha in Russia, as in a melting boiler, walked and united many peoples. The announcement of Russian Slavs, absurd genetically (which has proven studies of recent years), was done with Catherine to depict the Poland section without conquering, but fraternal reunification (approximately as reunification with Novorossia). In reality, the Russian people are a conglomerate of many peoples of steppes and Siberia, from Finno-Ugro to Gunnov and Polovtsy, with a small admixture of Slavic blood. China's arrival on the territory of the Great Steppe (from which China in the past was filled with a great wall to defend, and not to come) would be a huge geopolitical hephanger of the world. Artificial. There was never like that. And he will not happen if Russia's policy is not passionated, but far-sighted.

Summarizing. Russia has a wonderful chance to continue as a huge Eurasian power from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. But for this, the country must understand its universal role, not to act is not shorty, but thoughtfully.

Y. Magarshak, November 2014

Three sources and three components of modern Russian culture: 1. The Europeanized culture of the Russian nobility, originating in the Golden Horde and the Great Mongol Empire. 2. Jewish culture of Ashkenazi - Eastern European Jews. 3. Culture of the small Russian peasants and burghers. The post-Soviet Russian culture of the beginning of the XXI century is formed from Soviet culture, which returns elements of the culture of the Russian Empire. This is due to the lion's predicted in 1936 by Lvy Trotsky, and the formation of class destroyed by Bolsheviks from the lumpedized population: nobles, bourgeois, rank, entrepreneurs, officials and self-sufficient intelligentsia.

China is a country ideal for tourism. It is in this country that quiet rural landscapes and huge skyscrapers of megacities are adjacent.

China can rightly be considered country of contrasts: Nature here is distinguished so that it seems as if it is a completely different planet. Wild and lifeless deserts are replaced by infinitely high slopes of the mountains. Country amazes with its sizeSo travel to China will be able to meet the need for the knowledge of every traveler.

The location of the state

China or the People's Republic of China is located in the East of Asia. He is considered the most denotlast state on the planet and takes second place in the world largest landBy dividing it with Canada. Roads China with, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, North Korea, Mongolia and Myanmar.

In the eastern and southeastern part of the Power, it is adjacent to the yellow, Philippine, East-Chinese and South China Sea, almost 3.5 thousand small and large islands are located on the territory of the country.

China landscape In different regions, it is very different: the south-west is occupied by Tibet's mountains, the North-West lies on a flat and hilly terrain, the western part of the country is occupied by the Great Chinese Plain, northeast and south - hills and stone wastelines. Only in the south-east of China you can see the thick forests of subtropics.

Administrative division

The territory of the People's Republic of China has three degrees of administrative division: provinces, areas, parish. In turn, the provinces are divided into autonomous districts and cities.

China includes 22 provinces, federal subordination cities There are three - Beijing, Shanghai and Tianzin.

There are five autonomous regions in the country, the main population of which is national minorities. The cities of federal subordination and provinces include 31 autonomous districts, 321 city and 2046 districts.

The largest centers of the republic

Harbin

Harbin - one of the largest educational and financial regions Of the Republic of China. The city is located in the province of Haleongjiang and occupies the position of the capital.

Harbin was founded by Russian pioneers only in 1898, initially he was intended as a station of the Transmanchorest railway. Nowadays, in the most vintage areas, it is possible to notice the details inherent in Siberian architecture.

Almost 4 million inhabitants live in Harbin.

The city has the largest in the whole Far East christian Cathedral of Hagia SophiaMade in the Byzantine style. He takes place one of the most important monuments of the history of the state. The cathedral was renovated in 1997, after which he changed its name to the Harbin Palace of Architecture.

Tourism in China: the main attractions of cities in our next.

Located here buddhist temple Juliawhich is a sacred place for the pilgrimage of North China, was erected in 1920 last century.

Tourists from Russia will probably enjoy Russian monuments of history, preserved in Harbin. One of them - tourist Center Volga Manor.

All buildings here are made in the original Russian style, there are hotels, a small village, souvenir shops, business centers, cafes and restaurants, which prepare both Russian and Chinese national dishes, baths, saunas, swimming pools, and so on.

A salon "Pushkin" is discovered nearby, in which you can find out the history of the relationship between Russia and China.

In the city is located Harbinian oceanariumwhich is popular among local residents and tourists. Here you can observe various representatives of the flora and the fauna of the Arctic. Also, for everyone here, performances are held with the participation of polar bears, Beluga and Sea Lviv.

In the city, the city is loved by tourists Sunny Islandwashed by the waters of the Sungari River. This eternal green island is fame as a place to relax with family in nature.

In the winter months in the city passes festival "Snow and ice"where ice sculptors arrived from different parts of the world participate in which ice sculptors participate.

During the festival, almost two thousand ice sculptures are performed, the best of which is exhibited in a local park and on a sunny island.

Beer Festival - Another favorite event, where brewers come out and simply connoisseurs of the hint drink from many countries.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong is located on the shores of the Indian Ocean. City divided into four parts: Couloun's Peninsula, Hong Kong Island, new territory and distant islands.

Hong Kong occupies a large-scale industrial, commercial and economic area. Also, the city has magnificent reserves, parks and squares, ancient temples, monasteries and sanctoes.

There are vintage villages, rural temples, animal farms and elegant bays with spacious sandy beaches.

In Hong Kong focused almost all state tradeSo there is an uncountable number of various stores in the city. Travelers who arrived here can participate in local festivals, taste dishes of foreign and national cuisine. Almost everyone entertainment institutions open 24 hours a day.

The most interesting facts about China - see the following video: