Frida Kalo is the most famous Mexican artist. Pain and suffering Frida Calo

For more than half a century, the fate of the Mexican artist Frida Kalo not only fascinates art historians and fans of her talent, but also is considered the benchmark of perseverance and courage in the vitality.

33 misfortune

All his life, Frida pursue a thin lace of legends, and then painted painted into this "shawl" with a complex, inquiring pattern - spectacularly, as the Spaniards can (however, in the blood of her mother there were many blood, in particular, Indian). Those who read the famous diary of the artist are in vain think that something is undoubtedly genuine about this amazing woman. She loved to take off "hunters" in the impassive ages, knocking down from the trace. The legend is going on and today, ingrown with the details right in the blue house in Koyokan, the suburb of Mexico, where her childhood passed, and where she lived with her husband, Diego Riverira, is unknown in a destructive marriage. Judging by the inscription on the wall of the patio, almost thirty, but in fact, the spouses lived abroad, and in different workshops in their homeland. The year was divorced, and then went to the crown again. Today in the Blue House Museum, and God himself ordered employees to invent spectacular non-residents and juggle dates.

Obviously one thing: she was born on July 6, 1907 (however, it is not 100%), and died on July 13, 1954 (this is already reliably). And it is even quite obvious that fate from the earliest childhood, whether it became - in spite of everything - to prepare Frido Kalo to the great destination, whether the structures tried to prevent the artist to take his place in a difficult hierarchy of world art.

At six years old, a girl from a completely secured family fell ill with polio (as it is known, the disease mowed primarily poorly eating slum children) and became the object of ridicule due to chromotype and noticeably refined right leg. The ill-fated limb annoyed God so much that after forty years he easily allowed her to amputate. Nepal Frida then commented: "Why should the leg of a person who flies?" In the meantime, she swam up, tried to play football with boys, tried to master the receptions of boxing, as if to prefer that she would have to fight all his life: with her, misunderstanding surrounding, evil rock. Another in her place with a sigh was thrown back on lace pillows, putting events on samonek, and Fifteen-year-old Frida, pulling a couple of stockings so that the leg would be thickening, went to the preparatory school - a national preparatory school. He began to study medicine (special books due to the permanent demand were never granted on her shelves in the company with a hurried embryo): Umnitsa, she understood that the knowledge of this kind would be useful to her. True, it did not imagine how soon.

Eyewitnesses classmates argued that Frida never comprehensively (think, chromoty!) - And huge eyes and beautiful hair on what? She even became kilotsed with the coming artist of Diego Riveriura, who decorated with painting painting "Cold". In 1929 he will be her husband. But before that, it was still necessary to live. Freeda turned eighteen, she felt quite decent, but, as Bulgakovsky admirers would say, Annushka had already left the house and managed to shed oil. A car accident, when the girl was literally puzzled by the tram arc, coolly changed her plans, but he gave a vocation. Numerous spinal fractures, pelvis, ribs have become a sufficient reason to warm and fed the rebar (by the way, the painting of medical corsets with political symbols and butterflies later became its know-how). Father ordered a special subframe so that you can work lying. And what else to do the girl is doomed to immobility? Frida felt like an artist.

Marry - do not attack ...

She smoked, got up on his feet, but the pain was already never let her go away from herself. And Frida did not give up: he could not dance at parties, but the folk songs had a loud song, did not have the opportunity to decide in short dresses, but it was addicted to long bright skirts (and then I realized a spectacular hairstyle with ribbons and flowers), I didn't become a doctor To canvas and subframes. Of course, at first no one was particularly interested in her works, they say, ordinary primitivism, conscientious efforts of an art school graduate. This is later Frido Kalo ranks for surrealists, one of her cloths - "roots" - (although there was no canvas there, only a metal board and oil) at Sotheby's auction in 2005 will be assessed in $ 7ml The Tate London Gallery will suddenly glorify thanks to Kalo's personal exhibition. She really sprout rooted into the native soil, and her year from the year the stringing patriotism gave pictures of originality, the visitor of the viewer with many characters and Aztec fetish.

There are many self-portraits among fredium works. Not that she narcised, simply, according to her, wrote herself "because this is the topic that I know best." A beautiful serious girl is looking at us with a barely noticeable flush over a plump sponge. Exactly the same ugnes "built" to themselves, void shaving, actress Salma Hayek in the Oscarone film "Frida" (2002). She shook the external similarity of the relatives of the artist, and the stable reliability - millions of viewers.

Still, the main theme of Calo's creativity has become embodied pain. It was stunned by spikes in the neck on the "portrait with a thorn crown," splashed in a dull bath on the canvas "that the water gave me," performed in bloody spots in the picture "just a few scratches". On the last "inspired" of her Diego River, who changed his wife with the sweatshirt and dismissed from the reproaches: "Think, it's just a scratch." It is not known what suffering is stronger - physical or soulful. "There were two accidents in my life," Fredid said. - The first - tram, the second - Diego. The second is terrible. "

Maximilian Voloshin called the artist "Good God" called with River in Paris. And not only for the fact that the Chocken Mexican loved to grab the basic guests with stories about his own cannibalism. He joked so much. In his homeland, he was called simply a nestless and women. But something from the cannibal at the river was still. For example, at his own wedding, thorough tequila, he scared a newly demanded tears, having grudging the weapons from where the weapons had taken from and starting an indiscriminate pallet. If someone believes that it is so accepted in Mexican weddings, he is very mistaken. It was an exclusive.

Dark business

Rivera generally turned out to be a fifteentifier and somewhere even a dreamer. He joined the Communist Party and pulled his wife to politics. However, she was not too resisted with his congenital sense of justice, and then he was fascinated by a noble matter at all: for example, they and her husband, taking fame and respect, successfully gathered funds for Republicans who fought against Franco in Spain. Causes went worse when Rivera steamed with a friend of Sikeros began to fly. It all started from his trip to the Soviet Union. In Moscow, the famous artist got acquainted with the famous mythhustrian, the leader of the IV International Troots. And soon, fleeing from Stalin's anger, Lev Davidovich, along with his wife, Natalia Sedoy, was in Mexico. In the port of the Tampiko, the Outdoor Couple met Frida Kalo - Diego at that time lay in the hospital. It was assumed that the elderly political immigrants will live out indefinitely in the blue house. The guest ended unexpectedly soon. It is said that the connoisseur of beauty and world harmony began, without hiding, to care for the hostess. I encouraged these signs. But the story left us genuine, although so far the dark, story with Mercider's ice ax. In any case, the Rivera Kalo family turned out to be involved in the murder of Trotsky. If only because Rivera was friends with Sicaire, the participant of the first, unsuccessful, attempt, and Frido saw in a cafe with Ramon Merkader in the evening before the bloody massacre. Spouses had to be explained in the police.

On someone else's land

But to these sad events, Frida managed to escort from non-sensitive ordination and to see Paris. It happened, when Lev Davidovich was alive, alive, and a prominent poet surrealist, flapping to the Communist Party, Andre Breton arrived at him. He invited Frido to get acquainted with beautiful France, show the people at least several paintings.

Paris of the 38th year did not very much struck our exotic bird-hummingbird. She lacked the sun, bright colors of the Motherland, they could not replace even the diverse exhibits of the exhibition of Mexican art, the attraction and the decoration of which she became. Her itself, all in ruffles and necklaces, was considered as some kind of refined Aztec artifact. Fallowing on all new, Elsa Skiaparelli on the ambulance hand even realized the "Mr. River" dress and perfume characterizing the mood of those weeks - Shoching.

Frida dragged on numerous "lunches on the occasion", the testering seasoned the swirls with the magical word "surrealism". Frida, as at one time Salvador Dali, noted the framework: "My paintings are the revelation itself. I hate surrealism! " Nothing helped: French artists adored labels. Many of them, whatever the signs, were admired by the originality of the canvas and the most "Mr. River". Picasso was blocked. On the arranged personally dinner, he even presented the "overseas orchid" strange earrings in the shape of a hand of hand with floatful fingers. And yet, the present result of the trip was another - the picture "Frame" bought Louvre.

No worse met Frido and in America, where they and her husband lived several years after history with Trotsky. Rivera worked on paintings in New York and San Francisco, and Frida was treated in a clinic from alcoholism and nervous exhaustion. In total, she moved more than thirty operations on the spine, and to reproach it in the hobby of painful and light drugs in loved ones lacked the spirit. Every day brought new pain and disappointment. This "little sulna" was soaked with darts since St. Sebastian. Blood fused.

In native arms

According to the spiritual warehouse, Frida Calo was not a cosmopolitan. Hometown meant a lot for her. Ironically, the only personal exhibition of the artist was held here only a year before her death. Frida once laid in the hospital when friends decided to make a surprise to her. Inflammation of the lungs, transferred on the eve, the leg amputation in which the infection began, did not prevent her to enjoy the long-awaited triumph. She ordered to put the bed in the middle of the exhibition hall and, reclining as the Queen, took congratulations, periodically sending love songs with a loud voice. It was an unconditional celebration of the spirit over weak flesh.

Frieda died of pulmonary embolism, after a non-herded pneumonia. By the way, during the disease, a raining patient did not hunt into the blankets, as the doctor prescribed, and participated in a four-hour protest action against the introduction of American troops in Guatemala. That was all she.

In recent days and night, the husband was on duty at the bed in abstract, as if confirming the fortress of his love and devotion. But, as they say, everything is good on time. The marriage brought Fride endless pain, three unsuccessful pregnancies and disappointment, to drown out which she tried in creativity. It is said that in the crematorium, the most sash furnaces, picked up by a hot wave, she suddenly raised, as if reached for fire. Flame to Flame ...

Mexican artist is widely known in his homeland. Someone even manages to pretend to this. Ten years ago, the Venezuelan entrepreneur Carlos Dorado created the FRIDA Kalho Corporation Foundation, which was entitled to use the call name. Frieda Kalo today is not only paintings, but also cosmetics, underwear, corsets, shoes, jewelry, ceramics, beer and even the brand of her beloved tequila. Portrait of a couple of Kalo River bangs on banknotes 500 pesos. But with such fair fame, the picture of Frida Calo does not become less mysterious, they can be deciphering them infinitely. This wonderful and incomprehensive woman is very accustomed to the face of the block line: "What was sobbing in her, what did it fight, what did she wait from us?" ...

Text: Darina Lunina

Frida Kalo was born in Mexico City in 1907. She is the third daughter of Glermo and Matilda Calo. Father - photographer, by origin - a Jew, originally from Germany. Mother - Spanish, born in America. Frida Kalo in 6 years fell ill with Polyomelitis, after which a chromotype remained. "Freeda is a wooden foot" - brutally teased her peers. And she smeared to everyone, playing with boys in football and even engaged in boxing. On the leg stretched 3-4 stockings to look like healthy.

Physical defect helped hide trousers, and after marriage - long national dresses, which still worn in the state of Oaxaca and who liked Diego so much. For the first time Frida appeared in such a dress at their wedding, lending him to the maid.

A car accident occurred rainy night on September 17, 1925. The car in which Frida rushed with his school friend, faced a tram. The blow was so strong that the guy thrown out of the car. But it is easily separated - only in contusion. And Frida ... The broken iron bar of the current collector tram stuck in the stomach and went into the groin, reducing the hip bone. In three places there was damaged by the spine, two hips were broken, leg. Doctors could not vouch for her life. Freeda Calo was 18 years old. And she won.

Began the agonizing months of fixed inaction. It was at this time that she asked her father and paints from his father. For Frida made a special subframe, allowed to write lying. Under the canchine beds attached a large mirror to Freded could see himself. She began with self-portrait: - "I am writing myself, because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the theme that I know best."

At 22, Frida Kalo comes to the most prestigious Institute of Mexico (National Preparatory School). Only 35 girls took 1000 students. There, Frida Kalo meets the future husband of Diego River, who just returned home from France.

On the wedding day, Diego showed his explosive temper. The 42-year-old newlywed one looked a bit of tequila and began to fill out of the gun in the air. The admonition was just broken by a ragged artist. The first family scandal happened. The 22-year-old spouse went to parents. After speaking, Diego asked for forgiveness and was forgiven.

The newlyweds moved to their first apartment, and then - to the famous "Blue House" on Londres Street in Koyokan, the very "bohemian" area of \u200b\u200bMexico City, where they lived for many years.

Their family life buried passions. They could not always be together, but never apart. They were associated relationships, according to one of the friends, "passionate, obsessed and sometimes painful."

In 1934, Diego Rivera changed Frida with her younger sister Kristina, who posted him. Made it openly, realizing that he insults his wife, but she did not want to break with her. A blow to Frida was cruel. Gardeing, she did not want to share with his pain with anyone - only splashed her on canvas.

It turned out a picture, perhaps the most tragic in her work: the naked female body is excised in bloody wounds. Next to the knife in hand, with an indifferent face who inflicted these wounds. "Just a few scratches!" - called the canvas ironic Frida.

After the betrayal of Diego, she decided that he was also the right to love hobbies. It was boring River. Allowing liberties, he was intolerable to the treason Frida - the famous artist was painful jealous. Once, the removal of a wife with the American sculptor Isama's legs, Diego snatched a gun, but fortunately, did not shoot.

Romantic halo washed with the relationship of Frida Calo with Trotsky. The Mexican artist admired the "Tribune of the Russian Revolution", heavily worried his expulsion from the USSR and was happy that, thanks to the Diego River, he found in Mexico the shelter.

In January 1937, Lion Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedov went ashore in the Mexican Port Tampico. They were met by Frida - Diego lay then in the hospital. The artist brought exiles to his "Blue House", where they found, finally, silence and peace.

Bright, interesting, charming frid (after a few minutes of communication of her painful injections, no one noticed) instantly captivated guests. Almost 60-year-old revolutionary was carried away as a boy. He tried in every possible way to express his tenderness. That as if they were negligible to his hand, she taped her knee secret under the table. Rocked with ardor notes and putting them into the book, passed on his wife and River's eyes.

Natalia Sedov about the love adventure guessed, and Diego, they say, never learned about her. "I am very tired of the old man," - allegedly chose Once Frida in a circle of close friends and cut off the short novel.

There is another version of this story. A young trotcist as if he could not resist the tribune of the revolution. Their secret date took place in the suburban estate of San Miguel regulated, 130 kilometers from Mexico City. However, Sedov Zorko watched her husband, and the intrigue was strangled on the root. Pulling the forgiveness from his wife, Trotsky called himself "her old faithful dog." After that, the exiles left the "Blue House". But these are rumors. There are no evidence of this romantic link.

Most of all in the life of Frida loved his life itself - and this magnet attracted men and women to her. Despite the painful physical suffering, she sparkled by humor, could laugh up to exhaustion, make fun on himself, having fun and kitney from the soul. And only, taking a brush, allowed himself to think about the inevitable.

She dreamed of a child, but terrible injury did not allow her to have children. Three pregnancies - and it was a real feat in her position, ended tragic. And then she began to draw children. Most often - the dead, although most of her paintings, still lifes, landscapes are penetrated by the sun and light.

Frida was a communist. She joined the Mexican Communist Party in 1928, but a year later he left it after the excluded Diego River. And after ten years, faithful to his ideological beliefs, joined the Communist Party again. In her house on bookshelves there are shabby, reading to the holes of Tom Marx, Lenin, the work of Stalin, near Zinoviev, published in 1943 in Mexico City, immediately - the publicism of Grossman dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, and a completely unexpected "genetics in the USSR" .

In the bedroom, in the headboard bed, the big portraits of the founders of Marxism-Leninism and the most gifted by their followers are hanging. In particular, Mao Zedong in a beautiful wooden frame. Increased photography, also in the frame: Lenin speaks from the stands on Red Square in front of the Red Army leaving on the front. The wheelchair stands next to the subframe, on the canvas, the unfinished portrait of Stalin. The leader is depicted harsh, with frowning eyebrows, in a white parade, with one golden marshall pattern. The second pursuit of Frida did not have time ...

The damaged spine was constantly reminded of himself. Periodically, Frida Kalo had to go to the hospital, almost constantly wear special corsets. In 1950, she made 7 operations on the spine, she spent 9 months on a hospital bed. Now she can only move in a wheelchair.

Two years later, a new tragedy: she ammplying to the knee right leg. And as a consolation, in the same, 1953, the first personal exhibition Frida Kalo is held. She is happy. She, as always, laughs and a little tearing over himself. Here, they say, what a celebrity I am. No worse River ...

And at home in a tiny bedroom (the keepers of the "Blue House" shovers) on the ceiling flush large bright drawn butterflies. Looking at them, Frida calms down, the pain calm, and she falls asleep, so that, waking up, take up the brush again.

Nor on the same self portrait, Frida smiles: Serious, even a sorrowful face, threw thick eyebrows, a little noticeable black mustache over tightly compressed sensual lips. The idea of \u200b\u200bher paintings is encrypted in detail, background, figures appearing next to Frieda. The symbolism of the artist, argue art historians, relies on national traditions, is closely related to the Indian mythology of the Damispan period.

Frida Kalo brilliantly knew the history of his homeland. A lot of genuine monuments of ancient culture, which Diego and Frida gathered all his life, is now in the Garden of the Blue House. Stone idols, the same stone animals have shores under the palm trees and cacti. There and there are indie masks. There is even a rarity for another ethnographic museum - a stone slab with a ball for playing the ball, ancient and completely unsubstantial fun Mexican Indians: after all, the captain of the loser team was sacrificed to the gods.

Frida Kalo died of lung inflammation, a week after celebrated its 47th anniversary, on Tuesday, July 13, 1954. The next day, loved ones gathered her favorite decorations, including ancient, more pre-counter times, necklace, cheaper simple things from sea shells, which she especially loved, and put it all in a gray coffin installed in Belize Artes - Palace of Fine Arts .

The coffin was covered with a black bedspread, which descended until the floor was covered with red roses. Classmate Frida Kalo Arturo Garcia Boustos, like she, enthusiastic with revolutionary ideas, brought a red banner with a sickle and a hammer in the center of a white star and put it on a coffin. There was a scandal that quickly jammed, removing the banner. Next to the Diego River was the former President of Mexico Lasari Cardenas, famous artists, writers Sikeros, Emma Urtado, Victor Manuel Viliashenor.

candidate of Art History, Deputy Head of the Department of Contemporary Art of the State Hermitage

"Freeda Kalo's retrospective is a big luck, for its exhibitions museums stand in line. All her legacy is 143 picturesque work, with a graphics of about 250. At the same time, there are significant part of them cut off from the international exhibition career. The fact is that the collection of the Kalo - River Foundation - and this is all that the Diego River was kept from her husband, - according to the charter, it can not leave the limits of Mexico; It is possible to see these things mainly in Frida, the so-called "blue house" can be seen in the generic nest. Against this background, 34 works who came to St. Petersburg look very solid.

The excitement around Calo's creativity arose before our eyes: in 2000, a baiopic came out with Salma Hayek, Madonna, in the collection of which there are two Frida, declared it with his favorite artist, fashion magazines began to print her photos. In fact, Frida was quite successful during his lifetime: already at the first exhibition in the New York Gallery, she sold almost all the work, but after her death in 1954 there was a period of some oblivion. Interest in her work reopened in the 1970s, when the active study of female art began and at the same time a big jerk did researchers of Latin American culture. Now they say a lot about the fact that she was ahead of her time: she was a protofemist, worked with an uncomfortable theme of the body and raised questions that even today seem too personal and painful for the image and perception.

The main thing in the works of Frida Kalo is the power of the Spirit. This is the art of resistance. She splashed all his sufferings and troubles on the canvas, for her it served as a kind of art therapy. I often ask me as a curator: did she really be deeply unhappy? If you read the letters of Frida, then she sprinkles with sharpness - she had a wonderful sense of humor, always looking into the future, always wants to work. It seems to me that she was happy. "

Accident, 1926.

On September 17, 1925, a bus in which the 18-year-old Frida rushed with his boyfriend, faced a tram. Many died, she survived, but received terrible injuries - numerous fractures, including the spine, and damage to the internal organs: Iron Prut, who worrying her stomach, deprived Calo opportunities to have children. After the accident, the girl was chained to bed - it was then that she began to draw regularly. The subframe, allowing to do this lying, designed for her father, a German emigrant who earned a photo of photography. He in some kind of influenced on her artistic manner: Frida Kalo is a very detailed artist who carefully prescribing the epics, teeth, circulars. She apparently carried away from the father's photographer, where he helped paint the pictures - such an occupation requires a large concentration and small brushes.

After exactly the year after the accident, Kalo created a catastrophe associated with a crook - typical for mexico, a lubaky image with the image of a tragic incident and a holy intercession. But in this picture of the heavenly intercession there is no - Frida is alone in his pain and will be alone in it the rest of his life.

Portrait of Virginia, 1929

Two events who have determined the life of Frida Calo: a terrible accident and meeting with Diego River. For the first time she saw him still a teenager when River painted school where she studied. In 1929, Fridet twenty-two, he was over twenty years older - they got married. He strongly supports her as an artist, and on his advice, Frida refers to the topic of the indigenous population of Mexico: draws four portrait of Indian women, including Virginia girls. By the way, another portrait of this series has become the first job that Calo sold.

It used brighter than on its early canvases, gamma, and on the back of the economy, the artist sketched his self portrait. He was completed on another canvas, got the name "time flies" and in 2000 left with Sotheby "s in a private collection for $ 5 million - from this moment on Frida Kalo became the expensive artist Mexico, bypassing River.

Attention to traditional culture, in general, not someone else's Frida (her mother - Indian blood), reflected and dress on her manner. On its autoports, she often appears in the costume of Teowana, that is, a resident of the Tehunpec region, inhabited by Indians-Sapoteki. In these communities, a construction close to the matriarchy is instituted: women own money and resources can trade until men work in the fields. Calo as a natural-loving nature could not appreciate it. In addition, long skirts successfully hid her lameness - after poliomyelitis suffered in childhood, one leg of the artist was shorter than another. In Mexico, such outfits did not seem to do something amazing - the Mexican elite then told the revival of traditions, but in New York, Frida looked extraordinary and immediately asked the style icon. At the exhibition at the Faberge Museum, we show two traditional Teuan costumes - they did not belong to Frida, but come from the same workshop where she sewed her dresses. (On the genuine things of the artist, including the corset with the image of the sickle and hammer and the radiant prosthesis, can be viewed, for example. - Approx. ed.)

Portrait of Luther Burbank, 1932

Luther Burbank is American Michurin, a talented self-tailed breeder, which created about 800 new varieties of berries, fruits and vegetables. Potatoes "Russek Burbank" - so far one of the most common in the United States is used to use it in McDonaldsah. Frida and Diego were interested in the ideas of Burbank (Rivera put even put it on the "Allegory of California" in the stock exchange tower in San Francisco), they read his program autobiography of "Harvest of Life", but never met him personally. Moreover, by the time, when Frida decided to write this portrait, the breeder has been alive for several years. However, the spouses went to the California estate of Burbank, in the garden of which he was stubborn according to the testament. So he is depicted - they sprouted from the grave with a hybrid man and a tree who acquired immortality in his affairs. To the right of the figure - the result of the experiments of Burbank, a tree with gigantic fruits, on the left for the contrast.

In the hands of Burbank holds the Philodendron bush, and this is not a random item. Frida performed perfectly in Botanic: many books and atlases on natural sciences were kept in her library, she cared for a huge garden at home. Flora on her canvases is never conditional in nature - the artist not only knew all these plants, but was familiar with their symbolism. Philodendron in the Aztec culture was associated with fertility: it is easily and quickly lets the air roots, demonstrating the indestructible thirst for life. At the same time, some representatives of this family of poisonous and can cause hallucinations. The fact is that part of the faith of Burbank in progress was the theory of creating a new person: if cultivation works so successfully with plants, then why not apply the same method to people. Frida Consides Evgenika was alien and unpleasant, and in the opinion of some studies, it is this that it emphasizes, including a potentially poisonous phylfodendron into the composition. The fact that two sheets are depicted with a bright, the wrong side can also point to the reverse side of the ideas of Burbank.

Henry Ford Hospital, 1932

Shortly after the wedding with River Frida became pregnant, but an abortion was forced to make medical testimony. The second pregnancy also ended tragically: in 1932, in Detroit, where River Yard of the Institute of Arts, she had a miscarriage. Trying to comprehend what happened, she for the first time in the history of art turned to the topic of the child's loss. On the picture, Nude Frida lies in a puddle of blood on the hospital bed, and the items connected to it with naphups, one way or another tell about the experience. The fruit is a lost child, the boy, which was especially bitter, because the little Diego, unlike Diego, would be greatly belonging to her; Snail - painfully creeping time in the hospital; The bones of the pelvis, crushed into the accident, is the reason why she could not bear. Orchid refers to female sexuality and reproductive system, and with the help of an image of a mechanical device, an artist, according to her, wanted to transfer the mechanics of medical procedures, their cold and cruelty.

Due to the imagery of this and other mature works, Fritud Calo is often ranked for surrealists. Actually, in their ranks, artist persistently tried to record himself Andre Breton, who called her the art of the "ribbon tied to the bomb." She herself was completely disgraced with this course. If Breton's companions wanted to free themselves from the conscious, giving a breakdown to the breakdowns of dreams and nightmares, then Frida opposed to rationalize his feelings. In this sense, its approach is diametrically opposed to surrealism. The art of Frida Calo is encoding, encryption, all that is a lot of brain.

By the way, with an important work of Frida "Wounded table" Wounded table, 1940For the first time shown on organized by Breton the exhibition of surrealists, a strange story happened. In 1955, the "table" went to the exhibition in Moscow and mysteriously disappeared on the road. It is reliably known that the picture arrived in Russia, and the last year I search for her traces in the archives.

Several scratches, 1935

The literal name of the work is translated as "several small injections", but I allowed himself to adapt it to the exhibition - pricks cause hospital associations, and here we are talking about wounds that someone considers a trifle. Freed's wounds caused Diego. On her part, it was a all-consuming passion - it's enough to listen to how she about her husband (text written by Frieda, counts the artist. - Approx. ed.). Despite the fact that Calo was constantly in the cycle of love stories, Rivera was for her the center of the world. The same, incorrigible liar and the womanist, carefully treated her talent, but carelessly to her feelings. To change Frida, he began immediately after the wedding. She quickly realized that nothing could be done with it, it was necessary to just close the eyes. But the cup of patience was overflowed when she found out about his connection with Christina, her beloved younger sister. Frida was insulted, humiliated, disgraced.

A picture was written on this emotional background, the impulse to the creation of which was a note about a woman killed by her husband from jealousy. In court, he stated: "just a few scratches!". Although it was believed that the Mexican Revolution released a woman, giving her more rights, the society of that time remained deeply patriarchal, and what is now called domestic violence was a matter of ordinary.

In the first sketch, which Frieda made to this painting, it follows the texture of the note: a man must, next to him stands his crying little son. In the final version of the killer the features of the villain - Diego River: This is its proportions, his favorite hat. He is dressed, while the victim is depicted nude, bloody. This is definitely Frieda - confused and crushed. Her body is a bloody "still life", exposed to everyone's review. Even the frame of Calo covered the bloody-red paint stains to strengthen the feeling of horror from this crime. In spite of everything, Cristina Frida has risen. Rivera and did not think to stop it, and in 1939 they divorced - only in order to get married again a year.

My Kormilitsa and me, 1937

The traditional interpretation of the work relies on the details of the artist's childhood: just a couple of months after the birth of Frida, her mother became pregnant with the fourth daughter (the very Christina) and, having lost milk, threw a girl on a nanny Mexican. From here a fairly common psychoanalytic interpretation: alienation and loneliness, which are experiencing a child torn from the mother's breast. It is much more interesting to analyze this picture from the point of view of the personal symbolic system of Frida. For example, a background of green leaves is a frequently found in the Came of a guard.

The pupa and the butterfly on the right side are traditional for European still lifes, the personification of the death and resurrection of the soul, but in the left part you can see a more unusual insect, a lap from the family of the gibe. Givens survive due to what is able to mimicry, pretending to be branches and shoots. The desire to hide behind extravagant behavior was to some extent characteristic of the Kalo itself. In addition, the ladies are hatched already adults, as well as Frieda, depicted simultaneously with the baby, and adult.

The powerful figure of the root reminds the Indian idol, and her face is covered with a ritual mask. Remembering how the artist tremended her roots, how important was the heritage of the pre-columbotic era for her, the hint of communication with traditions was easily read. Kormilitsa-Mexico gently holds Frido on his arms, the living dairy rain is poured on top, in one word, the homeland is what Calo protection and power gives.

Broken column, 1944

This is one of the most famous and roasted works by Frida Calo. Perhaps because it does not need additional clarifications - this is an expressive manifesto resistance before the blows of fate, the image of force. The background for the autoportist serves the Pedregal Plateau, the desert volcanic landscape south-west of Mexico City. This dry fruitless land appears in many works of Calo in the 1940s: cracks in soil rhymes with cracks in her soul and body. At this time, due to numerous operations, Frida had to wear orthopedic corsets. On a self portrait on the site of the broken spine Frida depicts a broken column, the edges of the wound are prescribed by scarves, nails stuck in the body symbolize not only physical pain, but also spiritual suffering. Nevertheless, she stands straight and openly looks at the viewer.

Portrait of an engineer Eduardo Morillo Safa, 1944

This person is largely obliged by the exhibition in the Faberge Museum: Agronom and Diplomat Eduardo Morillo Safa was a big friend of Frida and collecting her paintings. He bought about 35 of her works, which subsequently moved to the Dolores Olmedo Museum, this is a meeting and provided the backbone for the St. Petersburg exhibition. At some point, Morillo Safa ordered Kalo portraits of his family members - Mother, his wife, Son, two daughters - and their own. It is curious that in this work, Frida does not use any symbols that reveal the person of the person depicted. It is typically for all male portraits made by artist - face, suit, all. Symbolic men apparently not inherent. This is especially obvious in comparison with portrait of Mother Diplomat, Doni Rosita Morillo, saturated with visual backups: Her status of the Matriarch will emphasize many details, for example - Dona Rosita knits the rest of the fate of his family. Actually, at this exhibition, the portrait of Morillo Safa hangs between the portrait of his mother and the FRIDA self portrait - again, the fate of a man.

Self-portrait with monkey, 1945

Diego again offends Frido, it is sad - and protects themselves with a necklace from their favorite creatures and things. A monkey is a deputy child whom she could not have. In the "Blue House" there were always many animals: monkeys, parrots, bald dogs of Scholoitskintley breed, one of which is depicted in the picture. The Aztecs kept these dogs with temples as sacred animals and served their meat on ceremonial pears, and in the first half of the 20th century, on the wave of recovery of the national self-consciousness, Sholoitskintley became fashionable pets in the Mexican elite. Both Sholoitskuintly, and the Indian God bind to an artist with her roots, traditions of ancient Mexico. Frames, choking Frido from suffering, wrapped with a yellow ribbon, but all begins with a nail, which probably refers to the expression of Estar Clavado - "to be deceived" (CLAVO, "Nail" in Spanish).

Circle, 1954.

The sad point of the exhibition. In 1953, Fride on his knee amputated the right leg to stop the beginning gangrene. Physical suffering, she drowned alcohol and strong painful, which was reflected on her letter manner. It took attention to detail - dissolving the crippled figure in space is transmitted with ripped, chaotic strokes. In the diary at this time she writes "I am disintegration." And this is no longer a natural return to the ground - as on self-portrait The mid-1940s, where the plants warmly germinate through its flesh, and painful decomposition. In the same year, when "Circle" was written, Frida Kalo died.

Her role in Bayopic really wanted to play Madonna. But Frieda in the same picture became Salma Hayek, and the image of a kind of booty of a mexican artist succeeded!

Biography Frida Calo

First hit

Sorry, actress did not give Oscar for this work (high awards of the film academy were awarded for makeup and soundtrack, and Hayek remained a nomineer). By the way, the relatives of those who are removed by the biographical feature film, often remain dissatisfied with the interpretations of events and the dear image. And then the opposite came around - the nephew of the artist was delighted with the reincarnation of Salma.

Who is she, this woman, on whose share did so much flour and pain fell, the legend of Mexico, the pride of this Latin American country, splashing his experiences on the canvas?

To begin with, let's try to say this long Mexican name: Magdalena Carmen Frida Calo Calderon, in marriage de Rivera.

For some reason, destiny almost the unpleasant surprises presented to her. Born in July 1907 Mother Mexican (Frida was half-breed - the father had a German root), the girl was seriously ill. Children's poliomyelitis - Hvoroba, with which they have now learned to easily cope with the help of vaccinations, was then a serious diagnosis. Baby withstood this first test stand. She did not turn out to be paralyzed, only slightly seeded, and one leg became a little thinner.

Accident, faded body, but not a soul

The first "bells" from mockery-fate only forced the girl hard to squeeze his teeth - afterwards this skill was very useful to our heroine. Frida grew looting and very sporty. She managed to become one of the "elected": in the prestigious school "Preparation" girls almost did not take. Kalo wanted to become a physician and was a very diligent student. It was in this school that she first saw her future husband, then the famous painter of Diego Riverur: he was engaged in interior design.

Dreams of medicine in the literal sense of this word moved the tram. It was with him that the bus was collided with passengers. Unfortunately, Fredes were among them. Fate as if there was not enough tiny polio "injection", and she decided to squeeze the girl to the bed in a different way. She was only 18, and she turned out to be scored in the shell. Multiple spinal fractures, pelvis, right legs, ribs, moreover, it seemed to naughto a metal stray - right in the stomach. How did she survive this accident?

Year in bed - there is from what to go into despair. But Frida did not surrender. It was then that she took up his brushes. A simple adaptation allowed the girl to draw lying, the mirror strengthened over it. And the debut of the artist became a self-portrait - later she would write their great set, it would be the main theme of Frida's creativity.

Experts rank her for surrealists, but still the manner of writing Calo was closer to the art of primitivists, and she was inspired by folk Mexican motives.

Flame passion

Frida believed in the ideals of communism, almost his bisexuality was silent, smoked, as if the locomotive, did not break tequila, could cover the interlocutor "three-story" mat. Some kind of threshiness was stolen with long skirts, bright colors of clothes (she loved national outfits).

The meeting with River at school left the mark in the heart, and it was His she chose him as a "man of life", concluding a marriage with him in 1929. He was older for 21, could not miss any more or less sympathetic simulators: fat and early fatty Lovelas. A strange couple (they themselves called "Elephant and Ptashka")!

But his talent's power, a kind of passionate nature so manila to himself Bunkut Frida that she could not oppose this love all his not very long life.

Yes, she also had other men (even Trotsky fell under the millstone of her wild charm - expelled from Soviet Russia, he lived for some time at the Roifer), and women were. But she loved only her Diego. She became her guru in painting, she listened to his advice, he studied.

In the 1930s, River was long-term work in the States, the wife followed there. This "travel" of her, there she also felt his connection with his native culture.

Recognition and death

Participation in the Paris exhibition was opened by Frido for Europe (the Louvre is interested in its paintings), then other prestigious expositions follow.

More efforts and nerves spent on finding out the attitude with the wrong spouse, motherhood turns out to be impossible: make themselves to know terrible youthful injuries. Curious pains will only be completely quenched with strong drugs, which turns almost into dependence.

Frida leads a diary (this chronicle of her suffering) and feverishly writes, creating one picture after another: she seems to know that there is little time.

Only a year before the death of the authorities organized a personal exhibition KALO. The culprit of the celebration could not independently come to his "Benefis", she, as if Queen, brought right on the bed. Even at the end of the way, the fate was not kept from the next blows: Gangrena, an amputation of almost half of the right leg (it was she then, during the accident, the most suffered: 11 fractures).

In July 1954, Frida did not. "Lying" lifestyle provoked a stagnation of fluid in the lungs, which caused inflammation and death. There is a version that she simply did not bring further flour and took too many drugs. The opening was not, but the record in the diary about the rapid care could hardly be considered a suicide note. And it is unlikely that this strong spirit, not broken by any blows of fate, a woman would have surrendered so easily.

President Mexico himself came to say goodbye to Frieda. After a year, the Blue House, in which she was born, became a museum.

Best works of Frida Calo

The most famous works of the artist are self-portraits or plots from their own life. Including, a very famous picture of "Two Frida", "Self-portrait with parrots", "Little Lan".

She wrote and her husband ("Portrait of Diego Rivera").

But surrealism manifested itself in the works of "my dress there", "Moses" ("core of the creation") - with many recognizable persons of tyrants and deities.

The "Tate" gallery several years ago exhibited the work of Frida "Roots" (late it will leave the auction for 5.6 million dollars). In the same British gallery passed (with great success) and the personal exhibition of the artist.

The Mexican artist Frida Kalo is known to those who are far from the world of painting. Nevertheless, few people are familiar with the plots of her paintings and the history of their creation. Correct this error with the publication of the material about the famous artist's canvases.

Self-portrait

In childhood and youth, Frida faced serious health problems. At the age of 6, she fell ill with polio, and after 12 years he fell into an accident, as a result of which for a long time turned out to be beddached. Forced loneliness and congenital talent of the artist were embodied in many cloths, on which Frida portrayed himself.

In the creative heritage of Frida Calo more than any self portrait. The artist herself explained this fact to the fact that she best knew himself and her states, especially since being alone with her, the willy-unilies would study their inner and outside world to the smallest detail.

On the autoportresses, Frida always has the same thoughtful and serious expression: no obvious signs of emotions and feelings on it do not read. But the depth of emotional experiences always gives the view of a woman.

Henry Ford Hospital, 1932

In 1929, Frida combined with a marriage with the artist Diego Rivera. After the departure of newlyweds in the US, Kalo has not been in a state of pregnancy. But every time a woman lost a child because of the former injuries transferred to her still in his youth. The artist handed out their suffering and emotional decline on the Henry Ford Hospital. The picture shows a sobbing woman on the blood-filled bed, surrounded by symbolic elements: snail, a nucleus of a child, a pink anatomical model of a female sedalent and purple orchid.

Self-portrait on the border between Mexico and the USA, 1932

Depicting herself in the center of the canvas standing on the border of Mexico and the United States, Calo handed out his confusion and disgrace from reality. The heroine of the picture is split between the technological world of America and the natural life force characteristic of Mexico.

The left and right part of the picture is a contrasting combination: smoke from the pipes of industrial giants and bright clean clouds, electrical equipment and bright vegetation.

Self-portrait "Rama", 1937

The first work of the artist acquired by the Louis, after the successful Exhibition of Frida Kalo in Paris. The attractive beauty of a Mexican woman, a calm thoughtful face framed by the pattern of birds and flowers, the painted color gamut - the composition of this canvase is considered one of the most harmonious and distinctive in the whole creative heritage of the artist.

Two Frida, 1939

The picture written by the artist after the divorce with the husband of Diego River reflects the inner state of the woman after breaking the relationship with her beloved. On the canvase depicted two entities of the artist: Mexican Fried with a medallion and a photo of a husband and a new, European Fried in white lace. The hearts of both women are combined with artery, but the European alter ego artist suffers from blood loss: with loss of a beloved woman loses part of itself. If it were not for the surgical clamp in the hand of Frida, the woman would probably expire with blood.

Broken column, 1944

In 1944, the state of health of the artist deteriorates sharply. The lessons of painting that Frieda gave in the school of painting and sculpture, now she only leads to the house. In addition, doctors recommend to wear a steel corset.

In the picture "Broken Column", the artist depicts his body broken in half. The only support that helps her hold in the standing position is a steel corset on the straps. The face and body of a woman are exhausted by nails, and the hips are wrapped with a white pottery - these elements are symbols of martyrdom and suffering suffering.